INVENTION OF

PAPER

MEMBERS-Krishna Lahoti-Saurabh Karanke-Mandar Kulkarni-Aditya Shinde-Simon Anithottam

Topics to be discussed

1) History of Paper 2) Evolution & spread of paper 3) How Paper is made ? (Ancient and Modern ways)4) Applications of Paper5) Interesting Facts about Paper6) Future of Paper

HISTORY OF

PAPER

CAVE PAINTINGS

Cave Scriptures

Paper being made from

Papyrus

Papyrus Plant

Bamboo Scriptures

INVENTOR OF PAPER

CAI LUN

EVOULTION & SPREAD

OF PAPER

ORIGIN•Paper was invented in China, AD 105, by the Chinese Eunuch Cai Lun.

• It was, thin, feted, formed, flat made in porous molds from macerated vegetable fiber.

DIFFUSION OF PAPER•The technology of making paper moved from China to Japan and then to Korea between AD 280 to AD 610 where it was commonly made from mulberry bark and Gampi. Later it was made from bamboo and rice straw.

•After the defeat of the Chinese in the Battle of Talas in 751 (present day Kyrgyzstan), the invention spread to the Middle East.

•The legend goes, the secret of papermaking was obtained from two Chinese prisoners from the Battle of Talas, which led to the first paper mill in the Islamic world being founded in Samarkand.

•The Muslim conquest of Spain brought papermaking into Europe.

•Both Spain and Italy claim to be the first to manufacture paper in Europe.

•Paper making as is more common to the European practice spread to the American continent first in Mexico by 1575 and then in Philadelphia by 1690.

PRECEDERS OF

PAPER

First form of expression by man.

Originated in Memphis bearing writing in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs

Use started in river plains of Mesopotamia where inscriptions are made on damp clay which when dried formed an indestructible temple archive.

Originated in Egypt made from the aquatic plant papyrus

Originated in China where bamboo strips are linked to make a bamboo books.

Palm leaves provide the leaves of documents in parts of India.

The earliest known Buddhist texts are on strips of birch bark.

Use began in the region of Mediterranean. Vellum or parchment is a form of leather.

First paper

EVOLUTION OF

SOURCE

Until the 19th century, rags were the main ingredient of paper

This was the first substitute tried by the paper makers to make paper.

It was then discovered in Maine and Massachusetts in the 1860’s that wood can be pulped and turned into paper.

It is the fibrous matter that remains after sugarcane are crushed to extract their juice.

EVOLUTION OF

MACHINERY

.When the old Chinese invented paper they used this technique to make paper pulp and to loosen the fibers of the rags and the grass they used for making paper.

It was the Arabs who introduced this method of making pulp, using human and animal power which replaced the traditional Chinese mortar and pestle, which in turn was later employed by the Chinese.

After the spread of paper in Europe they mechanized this process using water powered paper mills.

It is the process of making of paper, a material which is used universally today for writing and packaging.

PAPER MAKING

● A dilute suspension of fibres in

water is drained through a

screen, so that a mat of randomly

interwoven fibres is laid down

● Water is removed from this mat

of fibres by pressing and drying

to make paper.

● Most paper has been made from

wood pulp because of cost but

other methods are also used.

Earlier Process● Papermaking is known to have

been traced back to Egypt and China

● In China, about 105 AD, Cai Lun created a sheet of paper using mulberry and other bast fibres along with fishnets, old rags, and hemp waste.

● Ancient Egyptians used Papyrus tree .They used their leaves as paper and steam to write on those leaves.

● Paper had been used in China for wrapping and padding since the 2nd century BC.

● Used as a writing medium became widespread by the 3rd century

● In the 8th century, paper spread to the Islamic world, where machinery was designed for bulk manufacturing of paper.

● Production began in Baghdad, Cairo, Morocco then Muslim Spain.

● In general, Muslims invented a method to make a thicker sheet of paper , which helped transform papermaking from an art into a major industry.

● Papermaking was diffused across the Islamic world, from where it was diffused further west into Europe.

MODERN PAPER MAKING● Began in the early 19th century in Europe with the

development of Fourdrinier machine,● Fourdrinier machine, which produces a continuous

roll of paper rather than individual sheets.● Inventors of Fourdrinier machine :

Canadian inventor Charles Fenerty

German inventor F.G. Keller

Interesting Facts :

● These machines are considerably large, up to 150 meters in length

● Produce up to 10 meters wide sheet,

● Running around 100 km/h..

Now a days, various chemical and mechanical processes are used to produce paper at lower cost and adapt techniques which will not harm the environment.

APPLICATION & USES

OF PAPER

Applications of PaperPaper can be produced with a wide variety of properties, depending on its intended use.

•For representing values- Paper Money, Bank Note, Cheque, Ticket, etc

• For communication- Letters, etc

•For Packaging- corrugated box, paperbag, envelope, packing and wrapping paper, chart, wallpaper.

•For storing info.- Book, Notebook, Magazine, Newspaper, etc

•For Personal Use- Diary, Note to remind oneself, e.g. scratch paper

•For cleaning- Toilet Papers, Hankerchiefs, Tissue Papers, etc

•For decoration:- Paper Planes, quilling, Paper Honeycomb, Origami, etc

•For other uses:- emery paper, sand paper, blotting paper, litmus paper, paper chromatography etc

• Paper Engineering:

INTERESTING FACTS

OF PAPER

•Paper produced from raw material uses far more energy and water than if we recycle our unwanted paper

•By recycling your daily newspaper you will have saved more than your own body weight in paper within a year!

•Recycling used paper could save 41K trees and keep 6M tons of waste out of full landfills.

•Nearly half (42%) of all global wood harvest is destined to become paper.

•Switching to an e-Filing, paperless system could save up to 1.4 trillion pounds of paper, 728K trees, and lots of C0₂ if everyone did it.

•Did you know that recycling one ton of paper saves 20 trees, 7,000 gallons of water, three cubic yards of landfill space, 60 pounds of air pollutants, and saves enough energy to power the average home for six months?

FUTURE OF

PAPER

What is e-Paper?

E-paper (sometimes called radio paper or just electronic paper) is a portable, reusable storage and display medium that looks like paper but can be repeatedly written on (refreshed) - by electronic means - thousands or millions of times.

3 R’s•Reduce• Reuse • Recycle

THANK YOU