Presented by Jessica Ramos

The Telephone

Who invented the phone?

Innocenzo Manzetti

Antonio Meucci Elisha Gray

Alexander Graham Bell

Thomas Edison

They have all been credited with pioneer work on the telephone.

The people who invented the phone 1844 — Innocenzo Manzetti first mooted the idea of a “speaking telegraph”(telephone).

December 28, 1871 — Antonio Meucci files a patent caveat (n.3335) in the U.S. Patent Office titled “;Sound Telegraph”, describing communication of voice between two people by wire.

1874 — Meucci, after having renewed the caveat for two years, fails to find the money to renew it. The caveat lapses.

April 6, 1875 — Bell's U.S. Patent 161,739 “Transmitters and Receivers for Electric Telegraphs” is granted. This uses multiple vibrating steel reeds in make-break circuits.

February 11, 1876 — Gray invents a liquid transmitter for use with a telephone but does not build one.

February 14, 1876 — Elisha Gray files a patent caveat for transmitting the human voice through a telegraphic circuit.

February 14, 1876 — Alexander Bell applies for the patent “Improvements in Telegraphy”;, for electromagnetic telephones using undulating currents.

February 19, 1876 — Gray is notified by the U.S. Patent Office of an interference between his caveat and Bell's patent application. Gray decides to abandon his caveat.

March 7, 1876 — Bell's U.S. patent 174,465 “Improvement in Telegraphy” is granted, covering “the method of, and apparatus for, transmitting vocal or other sounds telegraphically … by causing electrical undulations, similar in form to the vibrations of the air accompanying the said vocal or other sound.”

1878 – Thomas Edison invented the carbon grain "transmitter" (microphone) that provided a strong voice signal on the transmitting circuit that made long-distance calls practical.

Alexander Graham Bell

Born Alexander Bell on March 3, 1847, in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Bell's father, grandfather, and brother had all been associated with work on elocution and speech, and both his mother and wife were deaf, influencing Bell's life's work

His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first US patent for the telephone in 1876.

The Bell Company In 1877 Bell started his own

company formerly known as “The Bell Company”

Allowed thousands of people the ability to own a phone.

The company built the first long distance line from Boston to New York in 1884.

It is now known as the “American Telephone and Telegraph Company” (AT&T)

First Telephone Call

March 10, 1876 Bell succeeded in getting his

telephone to work, using a liquid transmitter, a design made by Elisha Gray.

“Mr. Watson-Come here- I want to see you”

Almon Stowger

in 1891. A Kansas City Undertaker by the name of Almon Strowger tired of waiting for operators to answer the phone to make connections, invented an "automatic" telephone that "dialed" a number with the push of buttons--early push button phones.

He formed the Automatic Electric Company.

Phones in WW2

Became an important tool for the war. Allowed soldiers to communicate with

commanding officers about their location ans state of platoons.

Made to withstand severe weather conditions.

Modern Phones The first cell phone was invented in 1973 by a former employee of

Motorola named Dr. Martin Cooper.

His invention weighed in at 2 lbs, was only a foot long, and could only handle one, half hour call per battery charge.

The price of this monster of technology was around $4000.

Changes to the mobile phone are rapidly occurring as technology advances and consumer requests are constantly changing.

Sources

"Telephone." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Mar. 2013. Web. 04 Nov. 2013.

"Telephone History." Telephone History. Gregory R. Russell, 10 Feb. 1998. Web. 2 Nov. 2013.

"Inventor of the Week: Archive." Inventor of the Week: Archive. N.p., Sept. 2000. Web. 04 Nov. 2013.