i.prochazka, ctu prg dec 2010 ivan procházka, josef blažej, jan kodet presented at : elt meeting...

Ivan Procházka, Josef Blažej, Jan Kodet

presented at :

ELT meeting CTU in Prague, December 8, 2010

Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic

Working group presentation

I.Prochazka, CTU Prg Dec 2010

Working group

Karel Hamal, professor, 1932 - 2007founder and head of the group 1964 – 2007

Ivan Prochazka, applied physicshead of the group since 2007

Bruno Sopko, solid state physics Josef Blazej, asistent

Bc, Ms and PhD studentsJan Kodet et al


Czech Technical University in Prague – group activities

Satellite Laser Ranging

Picosecond Detector Technology

Solid state photon counting devices SPADs

Atmospheric / seeing studies

Picosecond event timer

Space related applications


Satellite Laser Ranging Since 1972, world 3rd country


Satellite Laser Ranging - background

operation principlepulsed optical radar

range precision1 .. 3 / mm / shot

operational range0 - 30 ooo km

25 technology installations on 5 continents

Graz, Austria

Provides the ultimate precision and accuracy ( ~ 3 mm) reference for most of space related measurements:

altimetry, ITRF, geophysics, etc… Mature, well understood and proved technology & procedures


World first Streak camera SLR ’80-’90 In house built Streak Camera

linear / cicrcular scan

Prague SLR Graz

Two wavelength ground target1.08 / 0.54 um, 420 fs RMS (!) published in SPIE 1988

Starlette in Graz, 5 mJ, 0.53 umfirst SLR on streak Jan.24 1991

published in SPIE 1991


Multiple wavelength SLR ‘90Atmospheric refraction index model verification

Three wavelength 0.46 / 0.53 / 0.68 um

NdYAG SHG + Raman in H2 anti / Stokes

single photon echoes on SPAD

routinely in Graz, ‘90, up to Lageos

Eyesafe 1540 nm and green 532 nm

single photon echoes Si + Ge SPADs

SLR all satellites, NICT, Tokyo, Japan

Mariny Murray model verification

red

blue

green


Portable Calibration Standard for SLR ‘90 To identify the SLR system mm biases

Ultra-stable Pico Event TimerSpace qalified modules by Thales-Dassault

Epoch and frequency reference

date analysis SW, set of meteo sensors, ...

Graz 1997, ‘98, ‘99

Tokyo 1997

Changchun 1997

WLRS Wett. 1997 / 99

TIGO Wettzell 1998

Zimmerwald 1998

Herstmonceux 1998

Potsdam 2001

Shanghai 2001,’04,’06


New timing principle, P. Panek

Two channel device

Jitter 800 fs / ch

Non-linearity < 200 fs

Stability < +/- 20 fs/hr

Power < 25 Watts

Sub- picosecond timing system

• Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 78, No1, 2007• U.S. Patent 7,057,978 B2, Jun. 2006.• IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas, , Vol. 57, No.11, Nov 2008• Review of Scientific Instruments, 2009


Single Photon Detectors made by CTU

Si ,200 um,TE3 cooled, vacuum GaAs messa GaAsP, 350 um

Active quenching and gating circuit

Complete detector packages

130 mm


Si SPADs for Space Applications

CTU Prague & IKI Moscow

MARS 92 (USSR / Russia, 1992-96) Photon counting laser rangefinderMars baloon altimetry

NASA Mars Polar Lander, (USA, 1998) Photon counting Lidar, Mars surface atmospheric studies

S.P.Pershin et all, IKI Russia


Laser Time Transfer in Space

LTT – China since April 2007China Compass-M1 / Beidou

T2L2 CNES - France since June 2008 JASON-2

Time and frequency transferusing ps laser pulses in space

Relying on available technologyand ground segment Satellite Laser Ranging

Superb precision and accuracy

Navigation, deep-space, fundamental physics…

E.Samain


Laser Time Transfer recent missions Beidou-2 IGSO, Aug 1,2010

inclinated 55o geostationary orbit LTT in common view possible

China, Korea, Japan, Australia (~ 1000 s) Dedicated SLR network (PR China) On-board data reduction Operational since August 2010

GLONASS upgrade, Laser time transfer under consideration ? principle ?

Dedicated SLR network prepared (global)single photon concept

Galileo and Laser Time Transfer ? Europe should not “miss the train” Please, consider


Future space mission and dreams

Jupiter ESA NASA missions (EJSM), launch 2019

Laser time transfer, one way ranging

9 AU , ~ 10 E9 km distance

10 cm receiving optics sufficient (!)

First radiation tests NASA labs, July 2010

Ivan Procházka, Josef Blažej, Jan Kodet

presented at :

ELT meeting CTU in Prague, December 8, 2010

Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic

Report on scientific progress in ELT projecton CTU in Prague


Progress in ELT project Prague group ELT activities

Design steps, conclusions- electronics- optics- mechanical

Functional testing and test proceduresPrague labs, Graz SLR

Development of procedure for internal delay measuring

Calibration of receiver Attenuation / sensitivity

Radiation test report


Electronic mechanical designdirect “follow – on” of the previous versions

CSRC Brno

All space qualified components

Except of ADCMP 553

fast comparator, see later

Input optics


ø d

60º

R

FA B1

B2

DLA

Optical design

Input optics Wavelength selection, attenuation , FoV

Flat diffuse, Cyllinder, Hemisphere, etc

Flat diffuse + shield

Simple optical design No technology problems Signal strength well within

1 order of mag. for 10-60 deg. No impact on timing properties “Macrolon” input window


Detection parametersTemp. coefficient 1.76 ps/K

= > 11.4 ps / 6.5K(< 20 ps required)

Timing jitter

~ 20 ps at 1.7 V a.b.(< 25 ps required)


Laser time transfer - timing stability TdevGraz SLR , 8 ps laser, NPET timing, fixed temperature

Tdev ~ 0.4 ps @ 300 sec


..” The absolute delays in the ELT Package ….calibrated to an accuracy of 48 ps with a goal of 23 ps “..

ELT photon detection delay tests

Detection delay : Photon = > Electrical pulse

ps pulseSPAD

detectionchip

Receiveroptics

SPADControl circuit

Ref.pointoptics

GeometryOpt.(~200ps)

Photon => e- (fs)Multiplication (~1ns)

GeometryElectr.(~100ps)

Electronics & Geometry(~ 1 ns)

Ref.pointelectronics

ELT detection package

PROBLEM Where & When is our photon see Heisenberg relations ….


ELT photon detection delay tests

PD

SPADchip

SPADControl circuit

D1

D2

T0 T0 + ΔT

D

D

Determined repeatedly, +/- 10 ps rms spreadConsistent +/- 36 ps values for different lasers

Laser # 1 532nm / 650 psLaser # 2 778 nm / 48 ps

ps pulse

ELT BB2

PD1phot

Multiphot


uLaser NdYAG & SHG 10 kHz, 10 mW, 532 nm= > 1 uJ /

pulse

Re-collimating optics, directing prism T ~ 1 / 4Spot size diam 25 mm, S ~ 5 cm2

Optical ND T ~ 1 / 256Angle ~0 deg, Att. (3 / 61)2 no shielding 1 photons

Resulting signal power density 2 * 10-13 J / m2

Specified signal power density 1 * 10-13 J / m2

For input shielding, 45 deg. the attenuation has to bechanged from (3 / 61)2 to (5 / 50)2 (aperture / length)

Specified signal power density 1*10-13 J/m2 will be obtained

Calibration of receiver attenuation


UJV Rez, Prague , October 2010 Gamma radiation source, dose / rate specified by ESA / Astrium

RESULT after > 3x maximum required dose ELT detector package operational, no detectable parameter change ADCMP (3x) operational, no detectable parameter change

Radiation testsEntire ELT receiver package, 3 x ADCMP comparator


Completed tasks Design – electronics, optics and mechanics Functional tests – indoor, SLR Development of procedure for internal delay Calibration of receiver attenuation / sensitivity Radiation tests BB & ADCMP 553 comparator

All parameters specified by ESA have been met

Ground + Space segments delays calibration technique

Conclusion


ELT delays measurement ELT detector & MWL timing delays

MWL is tested/calibrated by TimeTech (LVDS)

ELT detector calibrated by CTU (+250mV)

WHY to calibrate ( MWL & ELT ) ??

Response of the MWL input circuitsto the ELT detector output

MWL effective input BW not deffined

Optical scheme analogical to the ELT calibrationsynchronous operation to a common “1 pps”

Resulting ELT+MWL delay calculated on the basis ofoscilloscope + MWL data


ELT delays measurement

Ground + Space segments SIMULTANEOUS REFERENCING Both GROUND & SPACE

“absolute delays” will disappear and will be replaced by a single calibration value / station.

The ELT delay will be calibrated individually for each participating SLR system

Calibration value computed from - epoch dif. (E2-E1)- geometry distance L

Calibration campaigns – will be organised by TUM and CTU

in cooperation with ILRS (Transponder Working Group)

presented at IWG#32 Paris April 2010

ELT


Laser Time Transfer new missions Beidou-2 IGSO, Aug 1,2010

inclinated 55o geostationary orbit LTT in common view possible

China, Korea, Japan, Australia (~ 1000 s) Dedicated SLR network (PR China) On-board data reduction Operational since August 2010

GLONASS upgrade, Laser time transfer under consideration ? principle ?

Dedicated SLR network prepared (global)single photon concept

Galileo and Laser Time Transfer ? Europe should not “miss the train” Please, consider

i.prochazka, ctu prg dec 2010 ivan procházka, josef blažej, jan kodet presented at : elt meeting...

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ctu prg

ivan prochazka

elt meeting ctu

slr system

streak camera slr

multiple wavelength

single photon detectors

laser time transfer