Instructional Design also known as Instructional System Design is the studying of Learning needs and the development of instruction. Instructional Designers

usually use Instructional technology as a method for development. Instructional Design uses models to convey a specific method. If read and

understood properly this will help the reader understand and learn the instruction.

What is Instructional Design?

Gagne's Conditions of Learning

• Gagné, & Driscoll developed the following conditions of learning with standard verbs to correspond to the learning outcomes.

• This theory states that there are several different types or levels of learning. This basically states that each different type requires different types of

instruction.

“These events should satisfy or provide the necessary conditions for learning and serve as the basis for designing instruction”. (Gagne, Briggs & Wager, 1992).

• Gaining attention (reception) • Informing learners of the objective (expectancy) • Stimulating recall of prior learning (retrieval) • Presenting the stimulus (selective perception) • Providing learning guidance (semantic encoding) • Eliciting performance (responding) • Providing feedback (reinforcement) • Assessing performance (retrieval) • Enhancing retention and transfer (generalization)

Benefits of Gagne's Conditions of Learning

1. Gain attention - show variety of computer generated triangles 2. Identify objective - pose question: "What is an equilateral triangle?" 3. Recall prior learning - review definitions of triangles 4. Present stimulus - give definition of equilateral triangle 5. Guide learning- show example of how to create equilateral 6. Elicit per formance - ask students to create 5 different examples 7. Provide feedback - check all examples as correct/incorrect 8. Assess performance- provide scores and remediation 9. Enhance retention/transfer - show pictures of objects and ask students to identify equilaterals

Gagne (1985)”Provides examples of events for each category of learning outcomes”.

Examples of Gagne's Conditions of Learning

Rapid Prototyping

Rapid Prototyping is an different kind of approach to the normal kindal instructional design. A prototype is an early phase of a system that has the same important features of the "real" thing. In ID technology, allows greater flexibility in making the goals and shaping of instruction at early stages.(Wilson & Cole, 1993) Designers may opt to use Rapid Prototyping when the following are factors: • Time • Budget • Environmental restraints

Advantages Rapid Prototyping

There are so many benefits to using RP which is Rapid Prototyping in instructional design. It allows for better talking between the designer and users because the needs are clearly expressed from the beginning.

The user is able to now give feedback right away which helps give a better product. Its non-linear approach allows for more flexibility in the instruction and can catch early problems in the development stages.

Rapid Prototyping reduces development time and costs.

Disadvantages Rapid Prototyping

Some people believe that rapid prototyping is not an all so great model of instructional design because it does not mirror the real thing. They believe that many important steps of instructional design are given up for a faster, cheaper model. Many problems may not be seen immediately and result in endless revision.

Advantages Rapid Prototyping

There are so many benefits to using RP which is Rapid Prototyping in instructional design. It allows for better talking between the designer and users because the needs are clearly expressed from the beginning.

The user is able to now give feedback right away which helps give a better product. Its non-linear approach allows for more flexibility in the instruction and can catch early problems in the development stages.

Rapid Prototyping reduces development time and costs.

Differences between two models

• Gagnes model focuses on the levels of learning and the different learning styles.

• Rapid prototyping models are used for identifying design flaws and gaining valuable feedback during the design process.

Similarities between two models

Both models are extremely beneficial for each process both design and learning and both models

are made for better development of both processes. Learning and Identifying design flaws and gaining

valuable feedback.

References

• What is Instructional Design? | Instructional Design Central. (n.d.). Instructional Design Central | Instructional Designer Resources and Community Collaboration 2012,

• Conditions of Learning. (n.d.). Instructional Design. Retrieved June 10, 2012, from http://www.instructionaldesign.org/theories/conditions-learning.html

• Instructional Technology/Instructional Design/Rapid Prototyping - Wikibooks, open books for an open world. (n.d.). Wikibooks. Retrieved June 10, 2012, from http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Instructional_Technology/Instructional_Design/Rapid_Prototyping

• Rapid Prototyping Model. (n.d.). 3D Printers and Rapid Prototyping | 3D Systems. Retrieved June 10, 2012, from http://www.zcorp.com/en/rapid-prototyping-model/spage.aspx