islamic legal maxim 3 – al-mashaqah tajlibi al-taise er (1)

7/24/2019 Islamic Legal Maxim 3 Al-Mashaqah Tajlibi Al-Taise Er (1)

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ISLAMIC LEGAL MAXIM 3 AL-MASHAQAH TAJLIBI

AL-TAISEER (DIFFICULTYBEGETS EASE)

By:

Muhammad Jidda Tom G1315283Siti Noor Allyanafaiza Alirahim G1310240


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ont!nt"

#$ #ntrodu%tion$##$ omm!n%!m!nt & hi"tory of '!(al Ma)im"$###$ on%!*t of +ard"hi* B!(!t" ,a"!$#-$ Ty*!" of hard"hi*$

-$ .ri(in /a"! of +ard"hi* B!(!t" ,a"!$-#$ Som! im*ortant /oo" on Qawaid Qulliyah.-##$ Sour%!" of ShariahMa)im"$-###$#m*li%ation of Shariah Ma)im" on mod!rn nan%ial

tran"a%tion"$

#$ ul!" of n!%!""ity$$ Ty*!" of !a"!m!nt in hard"hi*$#$ !a"on" & %ir%um"tan%!" of !a"!$##$ on%lu"ion & r!%omm!ndation$


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#ntrodu%tionTh! S%holar" of #"lami% uri"t %la""i!d th! l!(al ma)im" in 2 *art": -Al Qawaid Al Qubra. -Al Qawaid Al Suqra.Defnitin ! Qawaid Al-Qulliyah"

6 #n ara/i% l!)i%on7 it m!an" th! foundation of a /uildin( al"o th! %a*ital of th!"tat!$

Th! ord qaidahin 9uran7 it "i(ni!" foundation a" th! !r"! /!ar" itn!"":

; ?@CDE F=>@HICE KDL KI@ OPIQ@ RDI U OPVIW R=>X@ OYD @Z @>DCDE [Q@ \X@ E] CDE @ E_VD@ F=_D bD @Zc And h!n #/rahim and #"mail !r! rai"in( th! foundation of th! hou"!e ;2:12c6 #n th! "%i!n%! of uri"*rud!n%!7 th! ord qaidahm!an" rul! or formulaa**li%a/l! to all *art"$ gor in"tan%!7 in ara/i% ! ha! nahwu hi%h "ay" !!ry faili" marfu and al"o any mafuli" mansub$


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ont$

6 A%%ordin( to #"lami% uri"*rud!n%!7 it"a**li%ation i" tru! in mo"t7 not all %a"!"$ B!loar! "om! d!nition":

1c A qa'idahr!f!r" to a rul! hi%h i" (!n!rally7/ut not alay"7 a**li%a/l!$ Thi" rul! (o!rn" mo"t%a"!" hi%h fall und!r it7 "o th! qhiinun%tion oftho"! %a"!" mi(ht /! !"ta/li"h!d throu(h it$e

2c #t i" a rul! hi%h !m/ra%!" mo"t "ituation"7and i" tru! to maority of %a"!" hi%h fall und!rit$e


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ont$ #n Majjalla al-Ahkam Al-Adliyyah th! author

!)*lain" th! /!n!t" and n!!d of ma)im"7 al"o itadanta(!"7 th!"! ar! "om! of hi" i!: 1c '!(al ma)im" ar! r!lia/l! and a(r!!d u*on rul!"7noin( th!m in ord!r to /! mor! aar! of th! m!thodof ho uri"t !m*loy th!m to d!ri!d inun%tion" i" a

mu"t$

2c #n ord!r to /! familiar ith inun%tion" of #"lami%Juri"*rud!n%! to(!th!r ith th!ir /a%(round7 th!ir

"tudy i" indi"*!n"a/l!$ 3c Throu(h th!ir "tudy7 on! d!!lo*" a "ort of /ondith inun%tion" of #"lami% Juri"*rud!n%!$

4c Th!ir "tudy /l!""!" on! ith an in6d!*th


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ont$5c Ma)im" ar! "i(ni%ant7 if on! ant" to %om*il!ariou" "%i!n%!" of #"lami% uri"*rud!n%! and to

tran"form th!m into la$

c Th!r! ar! many7 minor and "u/tl! i""u!" hi%h ar!illu"i!7 it i" hard to r!tain th!m in m!mory$ #f on! %anl!arn ma)im" *lu" th!ir "our%!" and *roof"7 on! ill /!a/l! to a**ly th!m in a lot of "ituation$

c Aft!r und!r"tandin( ma)im" !ll7 on! %an%om*arati!ly !a"ily und!r"tand !!ryday i""u!" of

shari'ahand on! %an /!ha! in th!ir li(ht$

8c A %onformi"t ;muqallidc7 !!n if not a qh7 ho *ay"att!ntion to ma)im"7 i" (rant!d li(ht and in"i(ht hi%h

r!!al to him th! ar(um!nt" of shari'ah$ But a *!r"on not!ll a%uaint!d ith th!m ha" no ri(ht to i""u! a l!(al


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omm!n%!m!nt & +i"tory of'!(al Ma)im" Th! formulation or of ma)im" "tart!d !arly

durin( th! *!riod of th! %om*anion" of th!+oly jro*h!t ;SAkc$ But (r!at *ro(r!"" a"mad! only durin( th! tim! of th!ir

"u%%!""or"$ #t may "tri! odd7 /ut it i" lo(i%al7that *rin%i*l!" of #"lami% uri"*rud!n%! andma)im" %am! into /!in( /!for! qhit"!lf$

Th! %om*anion" of th! holy *ro*h!tth!m"!l!" laid don many *rin%i*l!" of#"lami% uri"*rud!n%!$


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ont$

gor !)am*l!:#n 9uran it "ay" th! om!n of d!%!a"!dhu"/and" "hall ait for four month" and t!n day"$urin( thi" *!riod7 th!y %annot marry$

; VWDL

[I@H@ p= KDqV@ [D VI_s O EZvDL

wZW=xZ @ D?X { OP= | [I=? L

[}D?V Eb~@ E_DXZ_=D L

@ Z_=DCDOV@ [I@H@p= KDLc

Su%h of you a" di! and l!a! /!hind th!m i!"7th!y ;th! i!"c "hall ait7 !!*in( th!m"!l!"a*art7 four month" and t!n day"


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ont$

At th! /!(innin( of th! "!%ond %!ntury A+; "!!nth %!ntury Ac7 h!n MUJTAHID IMAMS!r! /u"y ith %om*ilin( *rin%i*l!" of #"lami%uri"*rud!n%!7 and liftin( !il" from th! "u/tl!

inun%tion" of th! holy 9uran and Sunnah7qawa'id qulliyah !r! al"o /!in( laid don$

gir"t l!(al ma)im" !r! %oll!%t!d and lat!r onth!y !r! %om*artm!ntaliz!d$ Th!r! ar! "om!

ma)im" hi%h ar! d!ri!d from th! ord" of atradition ;Hadithc7 and "om! oth!r" ar!;attri/ut!d to a uri"t or a mutahidc ar! not many$


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ont$

Som! hi%h ar! d!ri!d from th! ord" or im*li%ation of th!*ro*h!ti% tradition"$

1c Matt!r" (o ith th!ir aim" and o/!%ti!"$2c N!ith!r "u!r" lo"" nor ;in r!taliationc %au"!" oth!r" to "u!rlo""$3c kh!n th! laful and th! unlaful (ath!r to(!th!r7 th! unlafulill /! %on"id!r!d dominant$4c By on!" indul(in( in "om!thin( unlaful7 no unlaful thin( %anri"! to th! l!!l of lafuln!""$5c Hudud;*uni"hm!nt" that ar! )!d for %!rtain %rim!"c ar!

"u"*!nd!d h!r! "u"*i%ion %r!!*"$c Th! r!"*on"i/ility of *ayin( a *!nalty li!" on th! "hould!r" of th!on! ho /!n!t"$


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on%!*t of +ard"hi* B!(!t" ,a"!

Almashaqatu: lit!rally d!ri!d from th! ord shaqqahhi%hm!an" %riti%al7 !ort7 trou/l!7 *ain7 ad!r"ity7 n!%!""ity$Te#$ni#%&&'" #t m!an" hard"hi* and *ain" that !nd a%ut!*o""i/ility of anythin($

Tajlibu: 'it!rally d!ri!d from th! ordalabahi%h m!an"/rin("7 f!t%h7 (!t"$Te#$ni#%&&'" #t m!an" *ullin( or /rin(in( "om!thin( to u"!d$

Attayseer: 'it!rally d!ri!d from th! ord alyusurhi%h

m!an" fa%ilitation7 "im*li%ation$Te#$ni#%&&'" #t m!an" "im*li%ation and fa%ilitation of anyhard"hi* in all thin(" a%%ordin( to #"lami% la$


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Ty*!" of +ard"hi*

Th!r! ar! 3 ty*!":1$ Gr!at and +!ay hard"hi* Q

O` >Xcc2$ A!ra(! hard"hi* Y]sQ Qcc3$ 'i(ht hard"hi* p>p Qcc


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.ri(in /a"! of hard"hi* /!(!t"!a"! grom th! holy 9uran: Allah"ay": Allahint!nd" !!ry fa%ility for you +!

do!" not ant to *ut you to di%ulti!"$e ;2:185c

Allah"ay": .n no "oul do!"Allah*la%! a /urd!n(r!at!r than it %an /!$e ;2:28c

Allah"ay": And ha" im*o"!d no di%ulti!" on you inr!li(ion$e ;Al6+a 8c

Allah"ay": #t i" no fault in th! /lind nor in on! /ornlam!7 nor in on! ai%t!d ith illn!""$e ;Al6Nur 1c


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ont$ grom th! Sunnah:6 Narrat!d /yAnasmayAllah/! *l!a"!d ithhim "aid th! *ro*h!t ;jB+c "aid: fa%ilitat!dand dont di"tr!""7 *romi"!d (ood and dont

!mi(rat!$e

6 Al"o narrat!d fromAbu Hurairah mayAllah/!*l!a"!d ith him "aid th! *ro*h!t ;jB+c "aid:Th! r!li(ion i" "im*l! and ho!!r hail!d th!r!li(ion th! r!li(ion d!f!at and o!r*o!r him$e


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Som! im*ortant /oo" onqawaid qulliyah

Usul al!"ar"hi.

Ta'sis al!#a$r.

Al!Ashbah wal!#a$a'ir.

Mualla al! Ah"am al!Adliyyah. Al! %awa'id al!&ahiyyah al!qawa'id al!

%iqhiyyah.

Anwar al!&uruq l Anwar al!%uruq.

Al!Qawa'id.

Qawa'id al!Ahqam Masalih al!Anam.

Al!Ashbah wal!#a$a'ir.


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ont$

Qawaid a" %la""!d into ariou"(rou*":

( Usuli qawaid.

)( Qalamy qawaid.

*( +u,hawy qawaid.

-( %iqhi qawaid.


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ont$ Imam Tajuddeen al-Subky ;d$ 1 A+c r!du%!d all ma)im" of

#"lami% uri"*rud!n%! into 5:

1c ou/t do!" not ma! an !nd of %!rtainty$ COV Z [>>CEcc

2c +ard"hi* *ull" !a"!$ _>H>sCE ?U CEcc

3c +arm "hould /! r!mo!d$ E W_CEcc

4c #nun%tion ill /! i""u!d in a%%ordan%! ith th! ha/it$ ; OCEQc

5c !!d" ar! ud(!d /y aim" and o/!%ti!$ O^\OV W]QEcc


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S#e* ! ShariahM%+i,*

Q%ni" th! main "our%! of r!f!r!n%!for !"ta/li"hin( th! fundam!ntal*rin%i*l!" and la" of #"lam %o!rin(

/a"i%ally !!ry a"*!%t of th! r!li(ion$ #n"*it! of th! fa%t that i" not r!(ard!d a" al!(al do%um!nt7 a "mall *ortion of it"t!)t d!al" ith l!(al matt!r"$ Thu" it"

l!(al "!(m!nt "hould not /! int!r*r!t!din i"olation from it" !thi%al t!a%hin("$.!r 350 !r"!" *!rtainin( l!(almatt!r"$


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ont$

Snn%$i" th! t!a%hin( and!)!m*lary %ondu%t of th! *ro*h!t;jB+c7 in%ludin( hi" "ayin("7 a%t"7

and im*li%it a**roal of th!%ondu%t of hi" %om*anion" and"om! of th! %u"tom" Ara/ian

"o%i!ty$ Th! *ro*h!t ;SAkc !rdi%t"on hat i" l!(ally r!%o(niz!d andhat i" not7 "tri!" an !ual/alan%! ith th! 9uran$


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I,&i#%tin ! ShariahM%+i,*n ,/en fn%n#i%& t%n*%#tin*.

Th! l!(al ma)im" ar! of (!n!ral a**li%ation7h!r!a" oth!r" mi(ht a**ly to a *arti%ular ar!a of#"lami% uri"*rud!n%!7 "u%h a" d!otional matt!r"7%iil tran"a%tion"7 %ontra%t"7 liti(ation and %ourt

*ro%!!din("$

+ard"hi* /!(!t" !a"! r!latin( to nan%ialtran"a%tion"7 lin" ith n!%!""ity and on! of th!

/a"i% ma)im" a**li!d in l!(al %on%!""ion for anyr!%o(niz!d hard"hi* in #"lami% la7 al"o "!r!" a"th! *ur*o"! of #"lami% la in l!""!nin( andr!moin( /urd!n for *!o*l!$


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ont$ Th! r!l!an%! of thi" ma)im" and it" li! to

#"lami% tran"a%tion" in (!n!ral and to th! #"lami%

and %on!ntional mort(a(! in *arti%ular li!" inth! fa%t that7 !!n h!n th!r! i" a %l!ar !id!n%!on th! *rohi/ition of riba7 it %ould /! a""!rt!dthat Briti"h Mu"lim" ar! *ot!ntially fa%in(

di%ulti!" in "!ttlin( in an id!al !nironm!nt7"uita/l! for /r!!din( mod!l family$ Th!r!for!7th!y ha! r!li(iou" %on%!""ion to /r!a%h th!di%tat! of th! t!)t for *rot!%tin( and *r!!ntin(th!ir ! n!%!""iti!"$

Thi" am/it of di%ulty ha" to /! *ro*ortionallyand a**ro*riat!ly d!alt ith from th! "*irit of th!#"lami% la$ O _QE FHUEEbEZ FHUE _QE OEbE

;kh!n!!r th! %ir%l! of an aair narro" it i"


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ont$

#t %an /! "ummariz!d thu" if th!r! i" ana**ar!nt ;hard"hi*c in any matt!r7 th!r!"hould /! fa%ility for it$ And a" "oon a"

that hard"hi* di"a**!ar"7 th! matt!r "hallr!!rt to it" ori(inal rul!$

So in oth!r to *ut th! *ra%ti%! of hard"hi*

/!(!t" !a"! in tran"a%tion ! ha! to linit (!n!rally ith n!%!""iti!" ;al!daruriyyatc$


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R&e* ! 0e#e**it'

gir"t *rin%i*l! in thi" r!(ard a":1ne#e**it' 2*tife* t$%t $i#$ ,%'4e n&%!& (Ad-daruratu tubihul-mahzurat)1.

#t i" on th! /a"i" of thi"rul! that th! uri"t" alidat! th! !atin( of*or7 /lood7 al%ohol !t% h!n th!r!" noany oth!r alt!rnati! at thi" tim! you illonly ta! !ual to th! n!%!""ity nottain( !ry hi(h amount7 /ut only tor!mo!d th! harm$ That i" th! hard"hi*;almashaqatuc$


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ont$

S!%ond *rin%i*l! on n!%!""ity d!%lar!":1ne#e**it' i* ,e%*e/ in%##/%n#e it$ it* te tin*(ad-daruratu tuqadaru bi qadariha)

(i!n thi" ma)im of th! shari'ah7 if th!%ourt ord!r" th! "al! of a""!t" of an!(li(!nt d!/tor to *ay hi" %r!ditor"7 itmu"t /!(in ith th! "al! of hi" moa/l!(ood" if thi" ould "u%! to %l!ar th!d!/t7 /!for! "!llin( hi" r!al *ro*!rty$


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T'e* ! e%*e,ent in$%/*$i

5. E%*e ! Din6: ,)am*l! th! dro**in( of Slahfor om!n in th! tim! of h!r *!riod ofm!n"truation7 a" al"o th! fa"tin( a" !ll /ut it ill/! %o!r!d aft!r h!r *ur!n!""$

7. E%*e ! Di,intin: A" in r!du%tion of th! fourraaat of slahin t!rm" of tra!llin( hi%h ill /!*!rform!d to only not four /a"!d on ; hard"hi**ull" !a"! ma)im"c$

3. E%*e ! Re&%#e,ent: 'i! in th! *ro%!"" ofr!*la%in( a/lution ith tayammumh!n th!r! i"no at!r to ma! a/lution$


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ont$

8$ E%*e ! He%/in6: khi%h o%%ur" mo"tly in Arafatat th! tim! of ha in hi%h th! Mu"lim" oin!d th!to slatin on! of th! tim!7Asar/!!n oin!d ith/uhurin it" r"t tim! that i" hat m!an" of taqdim$

9$ E%*e ! De&%': "ually that ha**!n" in %a"! offa"tin( for a "i% *!r"on hi%h i" "u!rin( from anilln!"" that h! %annot ma! th! fa"t /!%au"! of it""!riou"n!"" and %ould !!%t" hi" /ody in (!n!ral7du! to thi" hard"hi* i" /!!n !a"! for th! *ati!nt to/r!a th! fa"t and lat!r *ay it /a%$


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ont$

:$ E%*e ! ;e,i**in: Thi" %an /! *ut in*ra%ti%! h!n a *!r"on i" in %riti%al illn!"" or"%ar%ity of anythin( halal that %ould /! ta!n7and h! th!n mi""!d it at th! tim!$ Th! shari'ahma)im" of hard"hi* *ull" !a"! allo" and*!rmit" him to ta! li! al%ohol or *or m!ata%%ordin( to hi" hun(!r and ta"t! only$


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Re%*n* > Ci#,*t%n#e* !E%*e

5) T%?e& 2ne': A" tra!llin( from on!*la%! to anoth!r %on"i"t of hard"hi*" th!shar'iu ma!" it on! of th! r!a"on" thatill *ull fa%ilitation to u"$ Thi" m!ntion inth! +oly 9uran: if anyon! i" ill7 or on aourn!y7 th! *r!"%ri/!d *!riod "hould /!mad! u* /y day" lat!r$e ;2:185c

A" th! !r"! d!"%ri/!d i" not all ourn!y"that hard"hi* %an *ull !a"!7 th!r! ar! "om!%ondition" %on"id!r!d /y th! #"lami% uri"t:


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ont$

Th! ourn!y mu"t /! r!a"ona/l!and r!li(iou"ly norm$

Th! ourn!y mu"t /! an o/!di!nt

on! not a "in$ Th! ourn!y mu"t !)%!!d hi" *la%!

of r!"id!n%! and r!lat!d /uildin("

and farm"$ +! mu"t ha! an int!ntion of

tra!llin( for a "*!%i% *la%!$


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ont$

7)Di*e%*e Sei* I&&ne**: A" !no "i%n!"" i" anythin( r!moin(human /!in(" from hi" limit h!alth

!)t!nt$ gor that it i" on! of th!%ir%um"tan%!" that /!(!t" di%ulty$ondition" %on"id!r!d /y #"lami% uri"t in"i%n!"": A "!!r! di"!a"!$ '!ad" "!lf6d!"tru%tion$ ama(! "om! *art of th! /ody$


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ont$3) C,&*in #e#in"Thi" i" th! t!rm !r!

/y a *!r"on ill /! in a "!riou" "ituation7 h!r! h!ill /! for%!d doin( anythin( a(ain"t hi" i"h7 thi"ha**!n" to "om! of th! %om*anion" of th! *ro*h!t;SAkc li!Ammar bin 0as11rith hi" family all7 and

al"o &ilal bin 2abah.

8) F6et!&ne** @,i**in" #n thi" t!rm th!shari'aha"*!%t loo" at th! *!r"on "tatu" !r! /y

h! i" not a/l! to thin or r!m!m/!r of hat h!ant" to do at th! tim! of n!%!""ity$ gor !)am*l!h!n h! for(!t th! *ray!r h! i" omitt!d to do it atth! tim! h! r!m!m/!r" imm!diat!ly and thi" i"u"!d in all Ibadat$ And mo"tly thi" %ould /! a

mi"ta! al"o that i" hy it "tat!d in hadith *ro*h!t


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ont$

9) I6n%n#e Un%%ene**"Thi" "im*lym!an" th! la% of nol!d(! of l!(al*roi"ion" all or "om! of th!m$ And thi" %ould/! a hu(! "ituation h!r!/y you doin(

"om!thin( on la% of nol!d(! hi%h "tri%tlya!%t all your lif! a%tiiti!" and ma!" it oid$

gor thi"7 "%holar" of #"lami% la *ut "om! rul!"for la% of nol!d(! %an /! an !)%u"! thathard"hi* %an *ull !a"!$ Th!"! %ondition" ar!:


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ont$

Th! "u/!%t mo"t /! lin!d ith"u"*!%t !id!n%! in %a"! of Itihad$

And th!r! "hould /! "%holar" in a %ityho ill an"!r u!"tion" of th!*!o*l!$

That do!" not r!"*!%t th! ri(ht of th!"u/!%t" of i(noran%!$


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ont$

:) Uni?e*%& H%/*$i"Sim*ly m!an" ndin(th! human hard"hi* and aoidin( th! thin( to(uard him$ gor in"tan%!7 a" in a%%!*tan%! of*ray!r ith th! *r!"!n%! of im*urity$ #t ha**!n" in

th! *ro*h!t ;SAkc tim! h!r!/y animal li! %at"7do("7 urinat! in th! Ma"id and th!y *ray li! thatithout *urifyin( it$ But "om!tim!" th!y "*rayat!r on it to /! *uri!d$


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Cn#&*in* >Re#,,en/%tin

Th! aim or int!ntional of thi" ma)im" i"to *ull !a"! and ta! th! hard"hi*$ #t"hould /! not!d that th! aim of al!shari3ui" to rai"!d th! %riti%al hard"hi* from ourday to day lif! a%tiiti!"7 a" th!!""!ntial" to *rot!%t th! r!li(ion7 lif!7mind7 "!lf7 mon!y$ khil! th!%om*l!m!ntary l!(i"lation7 i" rai"in( th!hard"hi* in (!n!ral al"o th!!m/!lli"hm!nt" r!uir!" (ood moral and!thi%" in our lif!$


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ont$

Thi" ha" "ou(ht for /alan%! /!t!!n ri(idity in th!a**li%ation of #"lami% l!(al ma)im" and !)!r%i"in(r!li(iou" %on%!""ion$ And it al"o r!%omm!nd!dthat %omin( /a% and *uttin( th! l!(al ma)im" in*ra%ti%! i" on! of th! mo"t !""!ntial *art"7 hi%h"ho" that #"lam i" th! only *!rf!%t r!li(ion that%om*ri"!" all a"*!%t of lif!$

gurth!rmor!7 th! und!r"tandin( of th! o/!%ti!"

of shari'ahi" !""!ntial for th! d!!lo*m!nt ofhuman /!in( in all ar!a" of lif!7 *arti%ularly7 th!ar!a of nan%ial tran"a%tion"$


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ont$ k! ho*! *uttin( th! l!(al ma)im id!a to our!!nt" of lif! i" th! only "olution of our

*ro/l!m"7 %l!arly "*!ain(7 that %ould /!"!!n from "om! "%holar" fata in our tim!

li! al6allama 0usuf Qardawy4 al!allama5ahabat /uhaily4 in hi%h mo"t of th!ir fatai" /a"!d on thi" 'Qaidah Al mashaqqatutalibuttays11r ;di%ulty /!(!t" !a"!c

/!%au"! in #"lami% uri"*rud!n%! uri"ti%*rin%i*l!" ar! u"!d for la main( a%tiiti!".


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islamic legal maxim 3 – al-mashaqah tajlibi al-taise er (1)

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