Jerusalemthe b iog raphy

Simon Sebag Montefiore

THE MACCABEES: KINGS AND HIGH PRIESTS 160 bc–37 bc

Rulers are in capitals; dates refer to the dates of their reigns

JUDAH MACCABEUS Commander

166–160

JOHN HYRCANUS High Priest and

Ethnarch 134–104

THE HERODS

Alexandra = Alexander

ARISTOBULOS I High Priest and King

104–103

ALEXANDER JANNAEUS King and High Priest

103–76 = ALEXANDRA SALOME

Queen 76–67

Jonathan Aristobulos High Priest 37–36

d. 36

HYRCANUS II High Priest 76–67, 63–40

Ethnarch 63–40 d. 30

ARISTOBULOS II High Priest and King

67–63 d. 49

Mariamme = HEROD THE GREAT

King 40–4

Mattathias

JONATHAN High Priest and

Commander 160–142

SIMON High Priest and

Commander 142–134

ANTIGONOS King and High Priest

40–37 d. 37

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Contents

Lists of Family Trees and Maps

THE HERODS 37 bc–ad 100

Antipater d. 43 bc = Cyprus

PHASAEL d. 40 bc

Tetrarch of Jerusalem = 1. Doris

Antipater II d. 4 bc

Alexander d. 6 bc

= Glaphyra, daughter of King

Archelaus of Cappadocia

Alexander TIGRANES IV King of Armenia

d. ad 36

TIGRANES V King of Armenia

ALEXANDER King of West Cilicia

ARISTOBULOS King of Lesser Armenia

and King of Chalcis

HEROD King of Chalcis

= Berenice, daughter of HEROD AGRIPPA I

Aristobulos d. 6 bc

= Berenice, daughter of

Salome

= 2. MariammeHEROD THE GREAT

37–4 bc

Joseph

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ARCHELAUS Ethnarch of Judaea

4 bc–ad 6 = Glaphyra, widow of

half-brother Alexander

HEROD ANTIPAS Tetrarch of

Galilee and Perea 4 bc–ad 40

= 1. daughter of King Aretas IV of Nabataea

= 2. Herodias

PHILIP Tetrarch of

Bataneae and Trachonitis 4 bc–ad 34

issue

HEROD AGRIPPA II King of Chalcis and Bataneae

d. ad 100

Berenice = 1. Marcus, son of Alexander

the Alabarch of Alexandria = 2. HEROD, King of Chalcis = 3. Polemo, King of Cilicia Berenice was later mistress

of Emperor Titus

Drusilla = 1. Azizus, King of Emesa

= 2. Antonius Felix, Procurator of Judaea

Herodias = HEROD ANTIPAS

Tetrarch of Galilee and Perea

HEROD AGRIPPA I King of Judaea ad 41–44 King of Bataneae 37–44

= Cypros

= 3. Malthace = 4. Cleopatra = six more wives

Pheroras Salome

Salome (the dancer)

Berenice = Aristobulos,

son of HEROD

THE GREAT

Rulers are in capitals; dates refer to the dates of their reigns.This family tree shows only the Herodian rulers. The Herodians frequently

intermarried making a full family tree extremely complex.

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MUHAMMAD THE PROPHET

circa 570–632 married 11 wives;

1 Jewish and 1 Copt concubine.

Wives included:

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD AND

THE ISLAMIC CALIPHS AND DYNASTIES

Abdullah = Amina

Al-Abbas

Ali

SHERIFS of MECCA; HASHEMITE KINGS

of HEJAZ, SYRIA, IRAQ and JORDAN;

and ALOUITE SHERIFS and KINGS

of MOROCCO

IMAMS of SHIA ISLAM;

ISMAILI IMAMS and FATIMID CALIPHS

and the AGA KHANS

12 IMAMS

Muhammad al-Mahdi 12th IMAM

the “Hidden Imam”

Hasan 2nd Shiite Imam

d. 670

Hussein 3rd Shiite Imam

d. 680

Umm Kulthum (possibly) = OMAR

2nd Righteous Caliph 634–644

ABBASID CALIPHS of BAGHDAD

SAFFAH 749–754

MANSUR 754–775

Rugayyah = OTHMAN = 3rd Righteous

Caliph 644–656

= Yazid d. 629

= Habibah d. 665

= Khadijah d. 619

Aisha d. 678

Umm Kulthum Fatima = ALI

4th Righteous Caliph 656–661 1st Shiite Imam

ABU BAKR 1st Righteous Caliph

632–634

Abdallah

Muhammad

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Ruling caliphs are in capitals. This family tree is not complete but is designed to show

the connections of the Prophet and the dynasties of Islam. Ali and Fatima’s descendants are known as the Sherifs (Ashraf)

and as sayyids.

Harb

Ummaya

Abu Sufyan = Hind

Affan

MUAWIYA 1st Umayyad Caliph

661–680

YAZID 2nd Umayyad Caliph

680–683

UMAYYAD AMIRS and CALIPHS

of ANDALUCIA, SPAIN

UMAYYAD CALIPHS of DAMASCUS

OTHMAN 3rd Righteous Caliph

644–656

ABD AL-MALIK 4th Umayyad Caliph

685–705

MARWAN 3rd Umayyad Caliph

684–685

Abu al-As Hakam

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CRUSADER KINGS OF JERUSALEM 1099–1291

Ruling kings and queens are in bold capitals; consort titular kings are in roman capitals

GODFREY Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre

1099–1100

BALDWIN III King of Jerusalem

1143–1162 = Theodora Comnena

AMAURY I King of Jerusalem

1162–1174 = 1. Agnes Courtenay

MELISENDE Queen of Jerusalem 1131–1153

= FULK V Count of Anjou King of Jerusalem 1131–1143

BALDWIN I King of Jerusalem 1100–1118

= 1. Godehilde = 2. Arda of Armenia = 3. Adelaide of Sicily

BALDWIN II 1118–1131

= Morphia of Melitene

= 2. Maria Comnena

ISABELLA Queen of Jerusalem

1192–1205 = 1. Humphrey IV of Toron

= 2. CONRAD of Montferrat King of Jerusalem 1192

= 3. HENRY of Champagne King of Jerusalem 1192–1197 = 4. AMAURY of Lusignan

King of Jerusalem 1197–1205

SYBILLA Queen of Jerusalem

1186–1190 = 1. William of Montferrat = 2. GUY DE LUSIGNAN,

King of Jerusalem 1186–1192 King of Cyprus 1192–1194

BALDWIN IV King of Jerusalem

1174–1185

MARIA OF MONTFERRAT Queen of Jerusalem 1205–1212

= JOHN of Brienne King of Jerusalem 1210–1212

Latin Emperor of Byzantium 1229–1237

YOLANDE (Isabella II) Queen of Jerusalem 1212–1228

= FREDERICK II Holy Roman Emperor King of Sicily

King of Jerusalem 1225–1228

CONRAD III King of Jerusalem 1254–1265

CONRAD II King of Jerusalem 1228–1254

LUSIGNAN KINGS of Cyprus and

Jerusalem

BALDWIN V 1185–1186

cousin

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THE HASHEMITE (SHERIFIAN) DYNASTY

1916–

Rulers are in capitals; dates refer to the dates of their reigns

ALI King of Hejaz

1924–1925

Naif

Zaid

HUSSEIN King of Jordan

1953–1999

twelve children including

ABDULLAH II King of Jordan

1999–

Abd al-Illah Regent of Iraq

1939–1958

Muhammad

GHAZI King of Iraq 1933–1939

Sherif HUSSEIN bin Ali Sherif of Sherifs, Amir of Mecca, King of Hejaz

1916–1924

ABDULLAH I Amir of Transjordan

1921–1946 King of Jordan

1946–1951

FAISAL I King of Syria

1920 King of Iraq 1921–1933

Hassan FAISAL II King of Iraq 1939–1958

TALAL King of Jordan

1951–1952

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