Jethro Tull: A Synopsis•1674 -1741•Invented the seed drill in 1701•Effectively replaced methods of manual seed scattering on the surface of soil•Facilitated organizational agriculture with regular rows at fixed depths•Allowed for specialization of crops—potatoes and turnips•Increasing productivity of agriculture•Page 563

Jethro Tull: So What?

•Initiated the agricultural revolution

•Opened up new land enclosure acts

•Facilitated strengthening of British economy through increase in crops more trade goods

AJ

Above: Jethro Tull (1674 – 1741).

Inventor of the Seed Drill in

1701.

Emmeline Pankhurst: A Synopsis

• Founder of Women’s Social and Political Union

• Led the most renowned women’s suffrage movements of all time

• Used violence as a means of gaining the right to vote

• Went on hunger strikes• Jailed repeatedly• Achieved voting rights

for select women above the age of thirty in 1918

• Page 581

Emmeline Pankhurst: So What?

•Provided women above the age of thirty with the right to vote in 1918

•Provided the world as a whole with a different view of women due to her use of violence

•Made distinct strives towards gender equality

AJ

Emmeline Pankhurst. Leader

of women’s suffrage

movements throughout the nineteenth and

twentieth century.

Karl Marx: A Synopsis• 1818 – 1883• German journalist of Jewish

ancestry• Called for a worker led

revolution• Wrote and campaigned to

call for a revolution with works like The Communist Manifesto (1848)

• When calling for revolution, Marx declared the communist part as their leader

• Wanted the establishment of a worker led government to control the economy

• Believed in short term legislative goals

• Viewed class struggle as a perpetual stifle to societal advancement

• Pages 581 - 584

Karl Marx: So What?

• Provided the world with a new system of economy

•Gave power to the proletariats

•Wanted to diminish the oppression of workers

•Led to cultural tension at the height of the industrial revolution despite the economic gain

•Countries that adopted Marxism often suffered from a large poverty stricken population

AJ

Karl Marx: Founder of

Marxism and leader of the proletariat revolution.

Adam Smith: A Synopsis• 1723 – 1790• Moral philosopher and

distinguished writer• Published The Wealth of

Nations in 1776 a systematic explanation of capitalism

• Argued that national wealth should be measured by treasury of metals rather than by trade or productivity

• Explained the concept of supply and demand

• Argued for a laizze faire attitude towards government involvement in the economy

• Page 453

Adam Smith: So What?

• Began the phenomenon of capitalism provided countries on a global scale with a new system of economy

• Revolutionized trade and the economy as a whole with his explanation of supply and demand determined fair and unfair price ranges

• Gave power to merchants and artisans through his arguments for a laizze faire economic system allowed salesmen to determine the prices of their products

AJ

Adam Smith: Author

and capitalist

supporter.

AJ

1701: Jethro Tull Invents the Seed Drill

Beginning

of the Agricultural Revolution

1829: Invention

of the rocket

1833: The

Factory Act

1871: Trade Union Act

1918: British Voting Reform

Using Europe as an example, what are the political, economic, religious, social, and technological advantages and disadvantages of

industrialization?

Advantages: One advantage of industrialization exists in that the nation increases in productivity through the use of less human resources which leads to trading of surplus goods of consistent high quality with other nations…

Disadvantages: Disadvantages of industrialization exists in loss of jobs of skilled workers to relatively unskilled workers causing labor to be given to children who are unsuited to work in factories…

M S

Pages: 575-578

Why did Europe industrialize before China?

China: The Chinese failed to industrialize as a result of their isolation from the advancing west, their large population which depleted their resources, and cultural (philosophical) views being less concerned with practical problems…

Europe: Europe avoided many of the problems that China faced due to its access to resources such as fossil fuels, the new world, and imperialistic ideals…

MS

Pages: 479 & 571

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the systems of Adam Smith and Karl Marx? Which do you think would better serve a

government if adapted?

Adam Smith: Smith’s capitalist model follows a free market model controlled by supply and demand, competition between private sectors, high quality standards at affordable prices, and people who understand the complexity of the system. That said, the monopolies formed and the greed of the population can become unavoidable and hindering to the country.

Karl Marx: In Marx’s communist model, the government regulates prices in order for the population as a whole to have access to essentials. In addition, the government maintains the standards of quality while assuring that all people have their own role in society in an attempt to benefit the nation. That said, government regulation sometimes fails to benefit everyone, and less people are willing to do harder work without an incentive.

Pages: 453, 465, & 582-584

MS

The proletarian revolution that Marx believed would sweep away the ruling classes never happened in England (or in the USA or Germany). What methods did workers and reformers use to improve the quality of

life of the working class by 1918? Discuss specific efforts to improve life for men, women, and children. Describe reform methods, resistance to

reform, and the end results of the reform efforts to help men, women, and children.

Pages: Listed Above

MS

In order to compensate for the fact that the proletarian revolution did not result in the diminishment of the power of the ruling classes, as was expected, Europeans began to fight

for power—in multiple senses of the word. For example, individuals became concerned with their power as male and

female citizens—demonstrated when Europeans began campaigns for their right to vote.

M S

A series of acts throughout the

fifteenth and sixteenth centuries that

effectively convertedcommon lands

into privately owned lands. During the

fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, nearly 85% of British land became

enclosed.

Some Marxist philosophers argue

that landowners often exercised their

authority by appropriating

common land for personal gain. The

result was the creation of a landless working class forced into labor over the

newly enclosed lands in England.

CBPage 563

In Marxist theory, those who live

solely by the sale of their labor. In

other words, the working class.

Proletariats were implemented only for

labor oriented purposes in European society. As a

result, this social class as a whole was one of the

earlier labor work forces on a global scale. The

revolt of the proletariats led by Karl Marx and the

communist party resulted in havoc within Europe

and the declaration of the Communist Party. CB

Page 583

The organized marching of both men and women to encourage universal suffrage—particularly to encourage the extension

of the right to vote to women.

Though the extension of the right to vote to women was revolutionary in all senses,

the campaigns integral throughout the process did

much more. Such campaigns led by Emmeline Pankhurst and other provided women

with a non-stereotypical role in society due to the

implementation of violence and strikes. For both

reasons, the roles of women in society changed

dramatically due to these movements.

CBPage 580

The Chartists were a group of protesters who

campaigned and collected signatures in an attempt to gain universal

male suffrage. The chartists demonstrated the perseverance of the Europeans through their achievement of universal

male suffrage in 1918, and exemplified the more

modern Europe post industrialization.

The Chartists’ achievement of

universal male suffrage made distinct strives

towards political equality. The

perseverant example set by the Chartists

resulted in numerous future equality based

movements while managing to

demonstrate the positive aspects of

European industrialization.

CBPage 579

Glasgow

Manchester

Thames River

London

Atlantic Ocean

North Sea

Baltic Sea

Vienna

Danube River

Mediterranean Sea

Brussels

Rhine River

Leipzig

CB