jkr road marking & delineation

Roads BranchPublic Works Department Malaysia

Jalan Sultan Salahuddin50582 Kuala Lumpur

Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2D/85

5.0m5.0m

7.0m7.0m

Manual on Traffic Control Devices:

Road Marking and Dileanation

Manual On Traffic Control Devices,Road Marking & Delineation

Cawangan Jalan, Ibu Pejabat JKR, K.L

PREFACE

The purpose of this manual is to establish uniformity in design and application of all traffic signsand control devices in Malaysia for the benefit of road users, road and traffic authorities, and man-ufacturers of traffic signs.This manual supersedes and forms part of the revised version of JKR/J(Rb) 0001,180, Manual OnTraffic Devices - Traffic Signs. The manual is now divided into the following parts:

1. Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2A/85 - Standard Traffic Signs. Standard traffic signs drawings for Regulatory, Warning and Guide signs are illustrated complete with dimensions. A colour chart for all the traffic signs indicates acceptable colours for each sign.

2. Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2B/85 - Traffic Sign Applications.It consists of, with the exception of Temporary signs, design criteria and location requirements for all traffic signs.

3. Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2C/85 - Temporary Signs and Work Zones Control.It consists of standard temporary signs drawings and their application in the work zones.

4. Arahan Teknik (Jalan) 2D/85 - Road Marking and Delineation. Standard road line paints, road markings and delineators are identified together with guides on their applications.The specifications in this manual are recommended to be used for new signs and for all replace-ments of existing signs which have outlived their usefulness.

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY



MANUAL ON TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES ROAD MARKING AND DELINEATION

Contents Pg. No.

1.0 General Principles 1

2.0 Materials 2

3.0 Colours 2

4.0 Types Of Markings 34.1 Longitudinal Lines 3 - 94.2 Transverse Lines 9 - 104.3 Other Markings 10 - 13

5.0 Post Mounted Delineators 13 - 16

llustrations ( Fig. 1 - Fig. 29)




1.0 General Principles

1.1 Road markings and delineations are usedto regulate traffic or to warn or guide roadusers. They may be used either alone or to sup-plement other traffic control devices.

1.2 All road markings and delineation, likeother traffic control devices should be uniformin design, position and application so that theymay be recognised and understood immediate-ly by all road users.

1.3 Markings and delineators no longer appli-cable which may create confusion in the mindof the motorist shall be removed or obliteratedas soon as practicable. Other markings anddelineations required by road conditions orrestrictions should be remove or obliteratedwhen those conditions cease to exist or therestrictions are withdrawn.

1.4 Markings which must be visible at nightshall be reflectorised unless ambient allumina-tion assures adequate visibility. All markings onhighways shall be reflectorised. Even on welllighted town and streets it is generally desirablemarkings which must be visible at night bereflectorised.

1.5 In addition to reflectorised lines the use ofroad studs may be considered for roads withpoor alignment or at dangerous situations, foreg. at important junctions and intersections.

1.5 Pavement markings have definite limita-tions. They may not be clearly visible whenwet, and may not be very durable when sub-jected to heavy traffic. Therefore they requirefrequent maintenance. Their effect on skidresistance requires care in the choice of materi-als to be used. Finally they cannot be appliedto unsealed roads.

2.0 Materials

Road pavements may be marked by one ormore of the following materials:

a) Paintb) Thermoplasticsc) Preformed tapes

2.1 Paint (reflectorised and non-reflectorised)

Only road line paints conforming to M.S. 164:1973, tested and approved by SIRIM shall beused. Paint is best used in situations and onroads where the markings are not subjected toheavy traffic wear.

2.2 Thermoplastics (reflectorised and non-reflectorised)

Thermoplastics used shall be of the hot-appliedthermoplastics material conforming to B.S3262 or the equivalence. This material isapplied hot and sets on laying. It has gooddurability and is recommended to be used inheavily travelled urban areas and in main high-ways with high traffic densities. All road centrelines shall be in thermoplastics.

2.3 Preformed tape

Markings in this material take the form of plas-tic sheet attached to the carriageway surface bymeans of an adhesive. The markings must bepatterned or embossed in order secure satisfac-tory resistance to skidding. It can be used as temporary markings because it can be removedeasily even after an extended time period.

3.0 Colours

All pavement markings shall be white incolour. Yellow paint may be used at:

a) Yellow boxes in the urban areas.


Manual On Traffic Control Devices, RoadMarking & Delineation



b) kerb markings showing parking prohibi-tions covered by signs or ordinance.

c) parking bays for taxis, buses and pedes-trian crossings.

d) Yellow bars at approaches to roundabouts and crosswalks.

The standard colour for yellow markings shallbe colour No.356 B.S. 381 C.

4.0 Types of Markings

Pavement markings are divided into the follow-ing types:

i) Longitudinal linesii) Transverse linesiii) Other markings

4.1 Longitudinal Lines4.1.1 General

A longitudinal line shall consists of either anunbroken or a broken line or a combination ofboth marked in the direction of travel.

A broken line is used to separate moving vehi-cles where there is unrestricted visibility andmay be crossed at the discretion of drivers.

A single unbroken line is used where the cross-ing of the line is to be discouraged or is legallyprohibited, e.g. edge and lane lines. Doubleunbroken lines or combinations of unbrokenand broken lines are used where crossing of thelines is legally prohibited unless in the lattercase where the broken line of the combinationas viewed by a driver is to the left of the unbro-ken line.

The dimensions of longitudinal lines are shownin Fig. 1. The thickness of the longitudinal linesshould be 3 mm to 5 mm when applied bySC.reeding and 1.0 mm to 1.5 mm whensprayed.

4.1.2 Centre Line

A centre line is used to designate the centre ofthe travelled part of a roadway carrying trafficin both directions.

It need not be at the geometrical centre of thepavement as in the case of a pavement- widthtransition where an extra uphill traffic lane isprovided.

4.1.2.1 Centre Lines on Rural Roads

The centre line on a 2-lane rural road shall be abroken white line, 100mm wide. The brokenline shall consists of strokes of equal lengthseparated by uniform gaps. The speed of vehi-cles on the section of road or in the area inquestion should be taken into account in deter-mining the length of the strokes and of the gapsbetween them.

The standard ratio of gap to stroke of 5 to 3shall be used. On rural roads use a gap of 7.5mwith a 4.5m stroke. However, on mountainous terrain or with short radius curves, use a 4.5mgap with 2.7m stroke.

On 4-lane undivided rural roads, the centre lineshall consists of two unbroken white lines, each100 mm wide and separated by a space of 125 mm.

Centre lines shall be provided on all paved 2-lane roadways (including bridges), 5.5m ormore in width if traffic volume is in excess of300 vehicles (A.A.D.T.) a day. On single lanebridges centre lines shall be discontinued 30mfrom each abutment.

4.1.2.2 Centre Lines on Urban Streets

The centre line on a 2-way urban street having2 lanes shall be a broken white line, and100mm wide. For the more busy city streets acontinuous white line, 100mm wide, may beused where it is desirable to discourage cross-ing of the line.

The centre lines on a undivided 2-way streetwith 4 or more lanes shall be a continuousdouble white lines, each 100mm wide and sep-arated by a space of 125 mm. In urban areas,the length and spacing of the strokesshould beless than those used for rural areas. The strokes




may be reduced to lm with 1.7m gaps. On cer-tain main urban arteries where traffic movesfast, however, the characteristics of centre linemarkings may be the same as for rural areas.

4.1.2.3 Lane lines

Lane lines are useful in organising traffic intoits proper channels,thereby increasing the effi-ciency of the use of the roadway. They should therefore be used:

(i) on all rural highways with 4 or more lanes,in addition to the centre lines.

(ii) at approaches to important intersections and crosswalks and in dangerous locations,both on rural highways and city streets.

(iii) on one-way streets where maximum effi-ciency in the utilization of the roadway is desired.

4.1.2.4 Lane Lines on Rural Roads

They shall be broken white lines, 100mm widewith 4.5m strokes and 7.5m gap. An unbrokenline may be used to accentuate the lane mark-ing in critical areas and more clearly define thetraffic lanes where it is advisable to discouragelane changing, in locations such as interchangeareas where unnecessary lane changing is detri-mental to smooth traffic flow.

4.1.2.5 Lane Lines on Urban Street

On city streets lane lines shall also be brokenlines but a gap/stroke length of 1.7m and lm isrecommended. The unbroken line may also beused to discourage lane changing especially atinterchange areas. Fig.2 shows general pave-ment markings in urban street.

4.1.3 No passing zones marking

No-passing zones shall be established at verti-cal and horizontal curves and elsewhere on 2-lane (or 3-lane) highways, where passing mustbe prohibited because of dangerously restrictedsight distance or other hazardous conditions.See Fig. 3.

No-passing zones shall be marked by a doublecontinuous white line or a combination of con-tinuous and broken lines as described in clause4.1.1 Nopassing zone markings on road pave-ments shall be not less than 120m in length. Ifthe actual no-passing distance is less than120m, the additional length of marking shall beadded at the beginning of the zone, unless thelength of road with sight distance below theminimum required is less than 30m in lengththen no barrier lines are necessary.Wheresucessive nopassing zones are less than 120mapart, the no-passing markings shall be extend-ed to the two zones.

The no-passing barrier lines should also beused on two-way roadways at pavement widthtransitions and on approaches to obstructions. Itmay also be used on approaches to intersec-tions.

4.1.3.1 Warrants for No-passingZones at Curve

A no-passing zone at a horizontal or verticalcurve is warranted where the sight distance asdefined below is less than the minimum neces-sary for safe passing at the prevailing speed oftraffic. Sight distance on a vertical curve is thedistance at which an object 1.2m above thepavement surface can just be seen from anotherpoint 1.2m above the pavement. Similarly thesight distance on a horizontal curve is taken asthe distance measured along the centre linebetween two points 1.2m above the pavementon a line tangent to the embankment or otherobstruction that cuts the view on the inside ofthe curve.




A curve shall warrant a no-passing zoneand shall be so marked where the sight distanceis equal to or less than that listed below for theprevailing 85 persentile speed:

*85percentible speed is the speed below which85% of the traffic travel, and above which 15%travel.

The biginning of no-passing zone is that pointat which the sight distance first become lessthan that point at which the sight distanceagain becomes greater than the minimum spec-ified.

Figures 4 and 5 shows the methods of estab-lishing no overtaking zones on vertical curve.

4.1.4 Warning arrowsThese warning arrows should only be appli-

cable on rural roads. Drivers must be givenwarning of their approach to any arrangementof double lines by three arrows on the carriage-way directing them towards the left hand sideof the road.

Approach warning arrows are usuallypositioned in the centre of the carriageway. Thedimensions and spacings of the arrows is asshown in Fig. 6.

4.1.5 Climbing LanesClimbing lanes are provided at steep grades

on roads carrying high traffic volumes contain-ing a significant proportion of heavy vehicles.The typical treatment of signs and pavement

markings is given in Fig.7. An alternative sys-tem is as shown in Fig.8.

4.1.6 Pavement Edge LinesPavement edge lines should be 150 mm

wide. Edge lines are used wherever it is desir-able to discourage travel on road shoulders andto make driving safe and more comfortable,particularly at night, by providing a continuousguide for drivers. They also act as a guide pastobject which are close enough to the edge ofthe road pavement to constitute a hazard. Theedge line of pavement with no marginal stripshould be at least 150 mm from pavementedge.

On divided roads where the median is not suffi-ciently delineated, pavement edge lines may beprovided on the right hand edge of each pave-ment.

Application of edge lines is as shown in Fig. 9

4.1.7 Continuity LinesA continuity line 200mm wide with lm

strokes and lm gaps may be used to indicatethe edge of that portion of a carriagewayassigned to through traffic, and where it isintended that the line be crossed by traffic turn-ing at an intersection, or entering or leaving anauxiliary lane at its start or finish. Examples ofcontinuity lines used at ramp exits andentrances are shown in Fig.10.

4.1.8 Pavement-Width TransitionsA transition line should be provided to guide

or deflect vehicles laterally at points which:(i) The width of the carriageway changes

a greater or lesser number of lanes.(ii) Traffic has to negotiate median, traffic

islands, safety zones, or obstructionson the roadway.

Pavement-width transition lines shall be200mm wide. Transition lines may be singlebroken, single unbroken, or double lines inaccordance with the situation. They shall be ofstandard design as for centre lines, lane lines orbarrier lines. The required length of the transition line shall be determined by the


85 persentiblespeed (km.p.h)

Min sight distance (m)

405060708090

100110

150150180210250310 340 370



following formula:

(i) L = 0.15V x W to 0.30V x Wfor deverging or minor changes.

(ii) L = 0.45V x W to 0.6V x Wfor merging areas. Use the higher value when traffic volume are high.

where L = Length of transition (m)V = 85 percentilespeed(km.p.h.)W = Lateral off$et (m)

provided that the length of line shall be not less than 60m in rural areas and 30m in urban areas.

4.1.9 Turn LineTurn line may be used within major or com-plex intersection to indicate the proper courseto be followed by turning vehicles.They shall be broken lines 100mm wide with astroke of 600am and a gap of 600mm.

4.2 Transverse Lines

4.2.1 GeneralTransvere lines are marked across the road andare generally associated with intersection orjunction controls, or traffic signals.

Transvere lines should be wider than longitudi-nal lines because of the narrowing whichresults from the low angle at which they areviewed.They shall be of non-skid materials and shallprotrude 5 mm above the level of the carriage-way.

4.2.2 Stop LinesThis shall be unbroken line 300mm wide.They shall extend across the traffic lanesapproaching traffic signals or at STOP sign. Itindicates the point behind which vehicles muststop when required. At STOP signs where visi-bility is restricted, the driver's line of sight, theneed for a pedestrian crossing and the clearancefrom traffic in the intersecting roadway shouldbe considered when positioning the STOP line.STOP lines shall generally be either parallel tothe line of the intersecting roadway, or at rightangles to vehicles approaching the line. Theyshall ordinarily be placed 1.2m in advance ofand parallel to the nearest crosswalk line. In theabsence of a marked crosswalk, the stop lineshould be placed not more than 10m nor lessthan 1.2m for the nearest edge of intersectingroadway.

Refer to Figures 11 and 12.If a stop line is used in conjunction with a StopSign, it should normally be placed in line withthe stop line. However, if a Stop Sign cannot belocated exactly where vehicles are expected tostop, the Stop Sign line should be placed at theStopping point.

4.2.3 Holding Lines or Give WayLinesThese lines are marked across the mouth of anintersection when vehicles on the other armsof the intersection have the priority of way.The holding lines or give way lines are to sup-plement the give way sign. They should beplaced not more than 10m nor less than 1.2mfrom the nearest edge of intersecting roadway.The width of these lines are to be 200mm andmarked in a gap/stroke ratio of 300mm gap300mm strip. The triangular give way markingcan be used to supplement this give way line.Refer to Fig.13.

4.2.4 Pedestrian Crossing MarkingsPedestrian crossing (Zebra) Markings. Thisshall consist of a series of strips 600mm wide.The width of the crosswalk should be from 1.8to 3.6m wide. The crossing shall normally be atright angles to the road centre line but it may




be angle by not more than 30 degres wherelocal circumstances require it.

Crosswalk lines at intersections controlled bytraffic signals or stop sign can also be of solidwhite lines of 150 mm wide 1.8 to 3.6m apart.See Fig.13

4.3 Other Markings4.3.1 Diagonal and ChevronMarkingsWide diagonal markings as shown in Fig-14may be applied to areas of pavement which arenot intended for use by moving vehicles.They define splayed island approaches,orobstructions, sealed shoulders, painted islandand medians and areas separating exit rampsfrom the carriageway. An example is shown inFig. 15.

4.3.2 Message on 4.3.2.1 GeneralWords, numerals and symbols to convey guid-ing, warning or regulatory message to drivers.They should be elongated in the direction oftraffic movement in order that they may be leg-ible at the maximum ditance. Legibility dis-tance is increased by enlarging the length ofcharacters.

4.3.2.2 Words and NumeralsThe length of letters and numerals should benot less than 2.4m in urban areas but on high-speed roads may need to be at least twice thislength. The dimensional proportions of lettersand numerals should be as shown in Fig. 16.

A message should, if' possible, be confined toone line. If the message consists of more thanone word, the first word should be nearest tothe approaching driver. On high speed roadsthe space between the lines should be at leastfour times the height of the character. For lowspeed, urban situations, the separation betweenlines may, if necessary, be from one-half to onetimes the character height.

Refer to Fig. 17 and 18.

Word messages for use on road pavementsinclude the following:(i) IKUT KIRI(ii) LORONG LAJU(iii) AWAS(iv) SAJA(v) PERLAHAN(vi) KERETAPI

4.3.3 ArrowsArrows are used to ensure correct lane usage

at approaches to intersections, exit ramps andother control points. Pavement arrows asshown in Fig. 19 are elongated similarly to let-ters or numerals.

If any lane on the approach to an intersectionis to be designated by means of arrows, at leastthree arrows should be placed in that lane toincrease the probability of recognition. A spac-ing of 15 to 30m should be used betweenrepeater arrows according to the size of thearrow, larger arrows being used for higherspeed roads. Refer to Fig. 11.




4.3.4 Approaches to RailwayCrossing Markings

Pavement markings consisting of a cross, thewording KERETAPI, a no-passing zone mark-ing and stop lines shall be placed on allapproaches to railroad crossings whether withor without gates. This is a means of attractingthe attention of the driver to the proximity of arailway level crossing.Refer to Fig. 20.

4.3.5 Parking Space LimitsThe marking of parking space limits on

streets encourages more orderly and efficientuse of parking spaces, and tends to preventencroachment on fire hydrant zones, bus stops,loading zones, approaches to corners, andclearance spaces for islands.All lines for parking space shall be solid linesnot less than 100mm wide nor more than150mm wide. Angle parking is generally notdesirable especially on narrow streets. Detailsof angle parking and parallel . parking spaces isas shown in Fig. 21. An example of markingsfor bus stops is shown in Fig. 22.

4.3.6 Paved-shoulder MarkingsWherever paved-shoulder exist, they should

be differentiated from the traffic lanes by a def-inite contrast in surface appearance, ridingcharacteristics, and texture. The through trafficlanes and shoulder areas should be clearlydefined at all times, particularly at night or inbad weather when visibility is poor.

When the shoulder-pavement contrast is notsharp enough pavement edge line markingshould be provided to indicate the edge of thetraffic lane, in particular where the pavedshoulder is not structurally adequate to carry alltraffic. Care should be taken to ensure that theshoulder will not appear as another traffic laneto drivers, in which case diagonal line mark-ings as shown in Fig. 23 may be warranted.

4.3.7 Yellow BoxesThese are painted at intersections to indicate

a prohibition of parking or waiting. An example is as shown in Fig. 24.

4.3.8 Kerb MarkingsKerbs of medians and traffic island may bepainted and reflectorised if added visibility isrequired.

Kerbs which may be a hazard to through trafficmay be painted in black and white segmentsnot exceeding 1.5m in length. All kerbs sotreated shall commence and finish with a whitesegment. White segments may be reflec-torised.

Kerbs at openings in a continuous medianisland need not be marked unless individualstudy indicates the need for this type of mark-ing.

4.3.9 Transverse Yellow Bars atapproaches to roundabouts andcross walks

These markings consist of yellow thermoplasticlines 5 mm thick laid across the carriageway.The pattern of the transverse yellow bar mark-ings for use on the approaches to roundaboutsand cross walk is as illustrated in Fig. 25 and26. The first bar shall be laid at a distance of 35metres measured back along the centre line ofthe carriageway from the give-way line at theroundabout and from the stop line at the crosswalk. Successive line shall then be spaced inaccordance with the measurements given in thetables of Fig. 25 and 26.

These markings were designed to influence adriver to slow down after a period of sustainedspeed which may be acquired by a driver trav-elling on a highway or high speed roads.Transverse yellow bars should not be used oncurves.

5.0 Post Mounted Delineators

Post delineators are effective aids for nightimedriving. They are considered to be guide,markings rather than warning devices andshould never be substituted for a proper warn-ing sign. The purpose of delineators is to out-line the edge of the roadway and to indicate theroadway alignment. Post delineators usually




consist of reflector units (glass, plastic, orreflective sheets) mounted on suitable supports.Post mounted delineators are beneficial for hor-izontal curves over 5. It should be pointed outthat whilst installation of such delineators ormarkers will assist night driving, it may alsoencourage drivers to increase speed. Unlessother safety features are correspondinglyincreased, such installation can give drivers afalse sense of security. Measures should betaken to improve the superelevation of the roadat the bend.

5.1 Materials and designPost delineators are simply reflector units

mounted on suitable supports. Both the reflec-tor units and the supports should be of typesapproved by J.K.R. The reflector units may beof the circular corner-cube prismatic lens typeand shall be not less than 75 mm diameter.They can also be made of glass, plastic, orreflective sheetings. Reflective sheetings shouldbe of rectangular shape 180mm x 50mm andshould be of the high intensity retro-reflectivematerial.

These reflector units must be capable ofclearly reflecting light under normal atmos-pheric conditions from a distance of 300 meterswhen illuminated by the upper beam of stan-dard automobile lights. Timber posts should beof hardwood timber painted with stripes ofblack and orange. Detail of the delineator postsis as shown in Fig. 27.

5.2 Colour and applications Delineators on curves shall be of silver or

white colour placed on the left side of the roadand shall be of red colour on the right side ofthe road, in the direction of travel. On theimmediate approaches, in advance and beyondthe curve, the delineators shall be of silver orwhite colour, used in pairs, one on each side ofthe road directly apposite each other. SeeFig.28.

Red delineators are also to be used for delin-eation of roads through construction sites ortemporary diversions where a higher degree ofdanger exists. They should be used sparingly tocommand respect an for it to be more effective.

The recommended spacings shall be at 18minterval.

5.3 General requirements of PostMounted 5.3.1 The top of the post mounted delineatorshould be 1.2m above the ground level.

5.3.2 The reflector unit should be 50mm fromthe top of the post.

5.3.4 Delineators should be placed at a con-stant distance from the edge of the roadwayexcept that, where a guardrail or other obstruc-tions intrudes into the space between the pave-ment edge and the extension of the line ofdelineators, the delineators should be in linewith or inside the innermost edge of theobstruction. See Fig. 29.

5.3.4 Spacing should be adjusted onapproaches and throughout horizontal curvesso that several delineators are always visible tothe driverso that several delineators are alwaysvisible to the driver. Table 1 below shows asuggested spacing on curves.

Spacing for specific, radii not shown may beinterpolated from the table. The minimumspacing should be 6 m. The spacing of the firstdelineator approaching a curve is 2S, the sec-ond 3S and the third 6S but not to exceed 90m. This is as shown in Fig.28.





Degree of Curve(Degrees)

Radius of Curve(Metres)

Spacing On Curve , S(Metres)

114.6 38.2 28.6 22.9 19.1 14.3 11.5 9.5 8.2 7.2 6.4 5.7

15 45 60 75 90

125 150 180 215 240 275 300

6 9 11 12 15 17 20 21 23 25 26 27

Table 1 : Suggested Maximum Spacing for Road Delineators on Horizontal curve

FIG 1 : LONGITUDINAL LINES




FIG : PAVEMENT MARKING ON URBAN STREET




FIG 3 : PAVEMENT MARKING FOR NO-PASSING ZONES

FIG 4 : METHOD OF ESTABLISHING NOOVERTAKING ZONES ON VERTICAL CURVE




FIG 5 : METHOD OF ESTABLISING NO OVERTAKINGZONES AT HORIZONTAL CURVE




FIG

6 :

WA

RN

I0N

G A

RR

OW

Ssc

ale

1:40




FIG 7 : TYPICAL TREATMENT FOR CLIMBING LANES




FIG 8 : OVERTAKING LANES ON TWO LANES RURAL ROADS




FIG 9 : TYPICAL APPLICATION ON EDGE LINE




TAPERED DECELERATION LANE

PARALLEL DECELERATION LANE

FIG 10 : STANDARD EXIT RAMP AND ENTRANCE RAMP MARKING MARKINGS

PARALLEL ACCELERATION LANE

TAPERED ACCELERATION LANE




FIG 11 : USE OF PEDESTRIAN CROSS, STOP LINE AND LANE MARKING




PAVEMENT MARKING AT GIVE WAY SIGNSAll dimension in milimetres

FIG 12

PAVEMENT MARKING AT STOP SIGN

TYPE B

TYPE A

STOP LINE AND PADESTRIAN CROSSING




FIG 13 : PADESTRIAN CROSSING MARKINGS(SCALE 1:100)

ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILIMETRES




CROSS HATCHINGSCALE 1:200

CHEVRON HATCHING DIVERGING TRAFFICSCALE 1:200

CHEVRON HATCHING MERGING TRAFFICSCALE 1:200

FIG 14 : CHEVRON MARKINGS FOR TRAFFIC ISLANDS




FIG 15 : APPROACH MARKING FOR OBSTRUCTION




FIG 16 : PAVEMENT LETTER AND NUMERALS




FIG 17 : PAVEMENT WORK MARKING




FIG 18 : PAVEMENT ROAD MARKING




FIG 19 : PAVEMENT DIRECTION ARROWS(SCALE 1:50)




FIG

20

: PAV

EMEN

T M

AR

KIN

G A

T R

AIL

WAY

LEVE

LC

RO

SSIN

G




FIG 21 : DETAIL OF PARKING SPACE AT VARIOUS AREANote: All dimension are in metres

(Scale 1:200)




FIG 22 : INDENTED BUS BAYS

IND

EN

TED

STO

RA

GE

BAY

FOR

TW

O B

US

ES

IND

EN

TED

STO

RA

GE

BAY

FOR

ON

E B

US

ES




FIG

23

: PAV

ED S

HO

ULD

ER M

AR

KIN

G

PAV

EM

EN

TE

DG

E S

TRIP

ING

WIT

H A

DJA

CE

NT

CY

CLE

-TR

AC

K




FIG 24 : TYPICAL BOX JUNCTIONS WITH CRISS-CROSS YELLOW LINES PAINTED ON PAVEMENT




FIG 25 : LOCATION OF TRANSVERSE BARS AT ROUNDABOUT APPROACH




FIG 26 : LOCATION OF TRANSVERSE BARS ATCROSS WALK




FIG 27 : DETAILS OF POST DELINEATORS(DIMENSION ARE IN MILIMETRES)




FIG 28 : POSITION OF POST DELINEATORSON HORIZONTAL CURVE




FIG 29 : TYPICAL DELINEATOR INSTALLATION

MANUAL ON TRAFFIC CONTROL DEVICES : ROAD MARKING AND DILEANATIONPREFACECONTENTS1.0 General Principles2.0 Materials2.1 Paint (Reflectorised And Non-reflectorised)2.2 Thermoplastics (Reflectorised And Non-reflectorised)2.3 Preformed Tape

3.0 Colours4.0 Types Of Markings4.1 Longitudinal Lines4.1.1 General4.1.2 Centre Line4.1.2.1 Centre Lines On Rural Roads4.1.2.2 Centre Line sOn Urban Streets4.1.2.3 Lane Lines4.1.2.4 Lane Lines On Rural Roads4.1.2.5 Lane Lines On Urban Street

4.1.3 No Passing Zones Marking4.1.3.1 Warrants For No-passing Zones At Curve

4.1.4 Warning Arrows4.1.5 Climbing Lanes4.1.6 Pavement Edge Lines4.1.7 Continuity Lines

4.2 Transverse Lines4.2.1 General4.2.2 Stop Lines4.2.3 Holding Lines Or Give Way Lines4.2.4 Pedestrian Crossing Markings

4.3 Other Markings4.3.1 Diagonal And Chevron Markings4.3.2 Message On4.3.2.1 General4.3.3.2 Words And Numberals

4.3.3 Arrows4.3.4 Approaches To Railway Crossing Markings4.3.5 Parking Space Limits4.3.6 Paved-shoulder Markings4.3.7 Yellow Boxes4.3.8 Kerb Markings4.3.9 Transverse Yellow Bars At Approaches To Roundabouts And Cross Walks

5.0 Post Mounted Delineators5.1 Materials And Design5.2 Colour And Applications5.3 General Requirements Of Post MountedTable 1 : Suggested Maximum Spacing For Road Delineators On Horizontal Curve

FIG : Pavement Marking On Urban StreetFIG 3 : Pavement Marking For No-passing ZonesFIG 4 : Method Of Establishing No Overtaking Zones On Vertical CurveFIG 5 : Method Of Establishing No Overtaking Zones At Horizontal CurveFIG 6 : Warning ArrowsFIG 7 : Typical Treatment For Climbing LanesFIG 8 : Overtaking Lanes On Two Lanes Rural RoadsFIG 9 : Typical Application On Edge LineFIG 10 : Standard Exit Ramp And Entrance Ramp Marking MarkingsFIG 11 : Use Of Pedestrian Cross, Stop Line And Lane MarkingFIG 12 : Pavement MarkingFIG 13 : Padestrian Crossing MarkingsFIG 14 : Chevron Markings For Traffic IslandsFIG 15 : Approach MArking For ObstructionFIG 16 : Pavement Letter And NumeralsFig 17 : Pavement Work MarkingFIG 18 : Pavement Road MarkingFIG 19 : Pavement Direction ArrowsFIG 20 : Pavement Marking At Railway Level CrossingFIG 21 : Detail Of Parking Space At Various AreaFIG 22 : Indented Bus BaysFIG 23 : Paved Shoulder MarkingFIG 24 : Typical Box Junctions With Criss-Cross Yellow Lines Painted On PavementFIG 25 : Location Of Transverse Bars At Roundabout ApproachFIG 26 : Location Of Transverse Bars At Cross WalkFIG 27 : Details Of Post DelineatorsFIG 28 : Position Of Post Delineators On Horizontal CurveFIG 29 : Typical Delineator Installation

jkr road marking & delineation

Documents

road markings

traffic authorities

guide signs

new signs

benefit of road users

road conditions orrestrictions

exception of temporary

standard road line paints