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Job AnalysisJob Analysis

The identification and description of what is happening on the job.

Why Is It Done ?

To facilitate an organizations need to accurately and

precisely identify the required tasks, the knowledge,

and the skills necessary for performing them, as well

as the conditions under which they must be performed.

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Job AnalysisJob AnalysisEmployers have been forced…to demonstrate the validity of human resource policies and practices that affect such activities and actions as: * Recruitment * Compensation * Hiring

* Testing * Training * Termination

* Promotion * Discipline * Transfers

Job analysis is the vehicle used to facilitate this validation process.

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Getting StartedGetting Started The Activities Involved in Collecting,

Analyzing, and Recording Job Data are:»Manpower Intensive (Expensive) »Organizationally Intense (Stressful)

It is Imperative that those Responsible for Managing the Process Take the Time Necessary at the Outset to:»Develop an Action Plan»Secure Senior Management's Support »Solicit the Cooperation of the Employees

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Recommended Planning Steps

Job Analysis

Determine the Organizational Use of the Job Content Data Collected.

Employment Compensation Training Organizational Design Safety and Health Affirmative Action Performance Review Hiring the Handicapped

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Recommended Planning Steps

Job Analysis

Learn About the Structure, Operations, and Jobs of the Organization.

Review:

Mission Statements Work Unit Goals and

Objectives Organization Charts Process Charts Procedures Manuals

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Recommended Planning Recommended Planning Steps Steps

Job AnalysisJob Analysis

Identify and Select Methods for Collecting Job Content Data.

Interview

Questionnaire

Observation

Diary / Log

Combination

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Recommended Planning Steps

Job Analysis

Schedule the Necessary and Logical Work Steps.

Develop a Time and Cost Schedule

What are you going to do?

Who is …... How are you …….. Where are you ……. When are you ……..

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Collecting And Describing Job Data

Commonly Used Words

»Activity A word with broad general meaning that any kind of action, movement, or behavior required of an incumbent in performing job assignments. Generic for function, element, duty, responsibility, and behavior.

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Commonly Used Words

» Major Activity or Responsibility Relates to important or critical area of the job.

Taken together major activity statements

describe the job.

» FunctionThe natural or proper action an individual work unit, mechanism performs.

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Commonly Used Words

» Element The smallest step into which it is practical to subdivide any work activity without analyzing separate motions and mental processes.» Task A coordinated series of work activity

elements used to produce an identifiable and definable output that can be

independently consumed or used.

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Commonly Used Words

» DutyOne or more tasks performed in

carrying out a job responsibility.

» Behavior The actions an individual takes under

certain circumstances.

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Commonly Used WordsCommonly Used Words

» Essential Job Functions An ADA related item. It is an activity that

the individual who holds the position must be able to perform unaided or with the assistance of a "reasonable accommodation".

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Collecting Job Activity Collecting Job Activity DataData

Begin With the Incumbent The best source of job activity data is the

person doing the job…this is where you should begin.

Remember, at this stage we need to know what the job content is…..we will deal with what it should be or what we want it to be a little later in the process.

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Collecting Job Activity Collecting Job Activity DataData

Draw a Job Picture This is a mini-organization chart and it is a good

starting point for data collection because it requires the incumbent to think of his or her job as it relates to other jobs in the organization.

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Collecting Job Activity Collecting Job Activity DataData

Have the Incumbent Identify Major Job Activities.

Have the incumbent think about the activities of the job relative to three to five (possibly more) major categories of work.

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Collecting Job Activity Collecting Job Activity DataData

Break Each Major Job Category Down Into Specific Duties and Tasks.

This involves identifying the specific duties and tasks that, when taken together, constitute all of the key work activities of the major job category.

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Collecting Job Activity Collecting Job Activity DataData

Select the Most Appropriate Verb to Describe the Action Taken.*Verb selection requires an effort to identify the word that best describes the activity. *The right verb will tell the reader exactly what is happening on the job and avoids ambiguity.*The right verb - the most appropriate verb - must be the one everyone recognizes and understands.

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Collecting Job Activity Collecting Job Activity DataData

Select the Most Appropriate Verb to Describe the Action Taken.*The right verb - the most appropriate verb - must be the one everyone recognizes and understands.*Beware of jargon….words used by specific occupational groups that people outside the field may be unable to recognize.

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Collecting Job Activity Collecting Job Activity DataData

Edit, Edit, Edit, Edit, and Edit.Avoid ambiguous words…Use quantitative words when possible…Avoid making conclusions, and when selecting words, be consistent in their use.

Pages 146 through 149 in your text provide an excellent example of the Job Activity Data editing process.

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Editing Job Activity Data

Are there sufficient responsibilities to cover all of the major areas of the job.

Do the duties fit the responsibilities.

Is anything missing.

Are statements too vague or too specific.

Are there an excessive number of responsibilities (7+) or duties (10+)

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Editing Job Activity Data

What combinations or subdivisions of duty and responsibility statements are possible

Check the verbs. Are they appropriate. Is one verb used too often

Clarify deviations. Review the final product with the supervisor and incumbents to ensure that it is:

– Factually correct – Easily understood– Complete

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Collecting Job Specification Data

Those Sections of the Job Analysis Questionnaire That Ask for Information On:

» Knowledge and Skills Required to perform the responsibilities of the

job.

» Education and Experience Requirements, including any special licenses,

certification, or registrations.

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Collecting Job Specification Data

» Miscellaneous Information Any special knowledge, unique physical demands, and description of working

conditions.» Additional Information

Input of incumbent with respect to opinions, observations, and recommendations

about job design.