journals and repositories: an evolving relationship stephen pinfield university of nottingham
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Journals and Repositories:
an Evolving Relationship
Stephen Pinfield
University of Nottingham
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Two Routes to OA
OA Repositories OA Journals
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Two Routes to OA?
OA Repositories OA Journals
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Working Definitions• Repository: ‘A set of systems and services which
facilitates the ingest, storage, management, retrieval, display and reuse of digital objects…’
• Journal: ‘A collection of quality-assured articles, normally within a defined subject area, made available at regular intervals under a single ongoing title…’
• Open Access: ‘… where the full content is freely, immediately and permanently available and can be accessed and reused in an unrestricted way.’
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3 Models
1. Repository Journal
2. Journal Repository
3. Repository Overlay Journal
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Editor and referees peer-review paper
Author submits final version
Author revises paper
Repository
Publisher copy edits and formats paper
Paper published in journal
Author deposits paper (post-print) in repository
Repository makes paper available
Journal
Repository Journal
Author submits paper to journal
Author writes paper
Author deposits paper (pre-print) in repository
Repository makes paper available
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Repository Journal• Described by EA Henneken et al (2007) looking at
arXiv• Repository houses self-archived pre-publication
paper (pre and/or post prints)• Paper submitted to journal and peer-reviewed• Paper formally published in journal• On formal publication, usage switches from
repository to journal• Model allows for continuation of current
publication, dissemination and business models for repositories and journals
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Usage: “productive co-existence”
Henneken, Edwin A. et al (2007) ‘E-prints and journal articles in astronomy: a productive co-existence’. Learned Publishing 20 (1), 16-22. E-print at: http://arxiv.org/abs/cs/0609126
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Repository
Author writes paper
Author submits papers to OA/hybrid journal
Editor and referees peer-review paper
Author revises paper
Author submits final version
Publisher copy edits and formats paper
Paper published in journal
Author/publisher deposits paper in repository
Repository processes paper further
Repository manages preservation
Repository makes paper available
Journal
Journal Repository
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Journal Repository• Described by R Terry (2005) in relation to UKPMC• Paper submitted to OA/hybrid journal for peer review• Paper formally published in OA/hybrid journal• Payment of OA fee allows re-use/deposit of publisher–
prepared version in repository• Repository ingests article for long-term preservation• Repository sets up article for re-use and analysis,
including mining• Model involves journal as the main vehicle of
publication funded by author-side payments (new business model), plus extended role for repository
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UKPMC: Deposits and Usage*• Currently 600,000 hits a month, a fourfold
increase since launch• Currently 60,000 article downloads a month, up
from 20,000 in January 2007• Current content stands at 1.4 million full text
articles; content is increasing by an average of 40,000 articles a month
• UKPMC has seen marked increases in usage and deposit since January, possibly from “ripple effect” of US bill being passed in December 2007
* With thanks to Philip Vaughan
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RepositoryJournal
Author writes paper
Author submits papers to OA/hybrid journal
Editor and referees peer-review paper
Author revises paper
Author submits final version
Publisher copy edits and formats paper
Publisher deposits paper in repository
Repository processes paper further
Repository manages preservation
Publisher links to paper Repository makes paper available (publishes it)
Journal Repository (2)
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Journal Repository (2)
• Described by DC Prosser (unpublished)• Submission, peer review and selection take place
under the auspices of journal• Payment of OA fee to publisher• Content stored in repository only; journal links to
repository• Model has journal as initiator of publication but
uses repository as ‘publication venue’, providing links to content
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Scholarly Communication: Functions
• Registration
• Certification
• Dissemination
• Archiving
• Reward
1. Repository Journal
2. Journal Repository
3. Repository Overlay Journal
HE Roosendaal and PAThM Geurts (1997); DC Prosser (2005)
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Repository
Author writes paper
Author deposits paper (pre-print) in repository
Repository makes paper availableOverlay journal selects paper
Editor and referees peer-review paper
Author revises paper
Publisher copy edits and formats paper?
Publisher/author deposits paper in repository
Repository processes paper further
Repository manages preservation
Repository makes paper availablePublisher links to paper
Journal
Repository Overlay Journal
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Repository Overlay Journal
• Described JWT Smith (1997); AP Smith (2000)• Paper deposited in OA repository• Selected and featured in overlay journal• Usually peer-reviewed by overlay journal• Possibly exposed to other quality measures by
the overlay journal• Model involves repository as primary means of
management and dissemination of content but (overlay) journal performs quality-assurance and awareness role
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3 Models
1. Repository Journal
2. Journal Repository
3. Repository Overlay Journal
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Issues
• Changing shape of the ‘journal’– “Deconstructed journal”– Journal as quality stamp– Journal as brand
• Changing shape of the ‘article’– Single article in multiple journals
• Changing shape of ‘publication’– Formal publication and dissemination– Publication process
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Issues
• Repository infrastructure development– Repositories (institutional and subject)– Standards and policies– Papers submitted
• Version identification and management– Integrity assurance– Standards– Customer and practice for citations– Version of record
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Repository Growth
• Directory of repositories - OpenDOAR– www.opendoar.org – 1157 open access repositories– started registration in 2006 . . .
• 200 added in 2007• . . . and nearly 200 added in first half 2008• 81% are institutional
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Repositories by Continent
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European Repositories
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Repositories in Russell & 1994 Groups
• University of Bath• Birkbeck• University of Birmingham• University of Bristol• University of Cambridge• Cardiff University• University of Durham• University of East Anglia• University of Edinburgh• (University of Essex)• University of Exeter• University of Glasgow• Goldsmiths
• Queen’s University• (University of Reading)• Royal Holloway• University of St Andrews• University of Sheffield• SOAS• University of Southampton• University of Surrey• University of Sussex• University of Warwick• UCL• University of York
• Imperial College• King's College London• Lancaster University• University of Leeds• University of Leicester• University of Liverpool• Loughborough University• LSE• University of Manchester• University of Newcastle• University of Nottingham• University of Oxford• Queen Mary
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Issues
• Repository infrastructure development– Repositories (institutional and subject)– Standards and policies– Papers submitted– Other digital objects
• Version identification and management– Integrity assurance– Standards– Customer and practice for citations– Version of record
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Issues
• Quality-control/assurance practices– At repository level– Separation of peer review and dissemination
functions– Peer review and editing changes
– Post peer review quality measures/indicators
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Issues
• Business and funding models– For the journal– For the repository– Research funders– Institutional funding streams
• Developing value-added features– Search services– Data/text mining– Linking data and publication
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Issues
• Content management and preservation– Technical issues– Process issues– Responsibilities
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Issues
• Policy frameworks– Funder requirements– Institutional practices– Research quality assessment: REF
• Responsibilities• Cultural issues
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Issues: Summary• Changing shape of the ‘journal’• Changing shape of the ‘article’• Changing shape of ‘publication’• Repository infrastructure development• Version identification and management• Quality-control/assurance practices• Business and funding models• Developing value-added features• Content management and preservation• Policy frameworks• Responsibilities• Cultural issues