K-12 Education outrEach nEwslEttErCartography Corner

Sp r i n g / Su m m e r 2014

www.OsherMaps.Org/educatiOn-K12 314 Forest Avenue, Portland

Current Exhibition

March 25 - August 14, 2014

OML is pleased to present a subset of Charting an Empire, the two-part exhibition curated by Stephanie Cyr and Ronald E.

Grim that originated at the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center of the Boston Public Library in 2013.

Upcoming Exhibitions

Charting the Land

of Flowers

Fall 2015

Traveling Exhibition originating at

Tampa Bay History Center in Florida.

Women in

Cartography

Spring-Summer 2015

Guest Curator: Alice Hudson,

former chief of the Map Division,

New York Public Library

Treasures 5:

The Art of the

Handdrawn Map

Fall 2014

Charting an Empire:

The Atlantic Neptune

Spring-Summer 2014

Traveling Exhibition originating

at Leventhal Map Center of

the Boston Public Library,

supplemented by Des Barres

charts from the Kislak Collection.

mapmaking contEst

Using some 25 items dating from the 17th century to the present, this exhibition examines the importance of accurate charting of the new empire, defines how Britain put her mark on the land, and explores the complex processes of marine surveying and nautical chart production.

Charting an Empire: the Atlantic Neptune The period following the French and Indian War (1754-1763) was a time of change and discovery in North America. In this display of charts and views, we look at the decade following the war, when Britain set out to accurately chart the coast and survey the inland areas of their new resource-rich empire in Atlantic Canada, as well as the eastern seaboard

extending from New England to the West Indies. The resulting charts were published collectively by Joseph Frederick Wallet Des Barres in The Atlantic Neptune, a maritime atlas which set the standard for nautical charting for nearly half a century.

To see the full exhibition, please visit the Boston Public Library’s web site at:

www.bpl.org/exhibitions/past-exhibitions/charting-an-empire-the-atlantic-neptune

www.OsherMaps.Org/educatiOn-K12 314 Forest Avenue, Portland

OSHER MAP LIBRARY AND SMITH CENTER FOR CARTOGRAPHIC EDUCATION

Educational Resource HighlightThe OML Outreach team is always working to develop new, exciting lessons and activities! USM student Caleb Vick (B.A. History, 2014) created OML’s newest lesson. Westward Expansion explores the events of the United States’ westward expansion, including encroachment on Native American lands, major land purchases, mass migrations such as the Oregon Trail and California Gold Rush. The presentation is followed by a group board game on North American exploration.

For Junior CartographerS

Invent and map an eighth continent for a chance to win a prize and have your map displayed at the Osher Map Library!

How to Enter1. Be age 14 or under! 2. Use a piece of paper (Max Size:

11x17 inches) and whatever art medium you prefer OR use a computer program.

3. Create a map of an imaginary continent in either the Atlantic Ocean or Pacific Ocean. We suggest you use the following: Scale, Longitude & Latitude Lines, Compass Rose, Map Legend.

4. If you used a computer program, email your map in JPG, PNG, or PDF format to:

rkeul@usm.maine.edu.5. If you did not use a computer

program to make your map, please put your name and age on the back and mail it to:

Osher Map Library Attn: Renee Keul P.O. Box 9301 Portland, ME 04104

*If you are mailing your original map, we recommend you make a photocopy for

yourself.

Deadline: 4/15/14

Richard and William Mount, from The English Pilot, 1716

Illustration Detail from J. F. W. Des Barres, ‘A View of Portsmouth in Piscataqua River,’ 1781

www.OsherMaps.Org/educatiOn-K12 314 Forest Avenue, Portland

Evans, a draftsman and a surveyor, had previously made a more restricted map ~ Map of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, And the Three Delaware Counties (Philadelphia, 1749) ~ which had included the results of his 1743 expedition, along with the botanist John Bartram and the Indian agent Conrad Weiser to the chief settlement of the Iroquois at Onondaga in what is today upstate New York (Bartram, Evans, and Weiser 1973, 7-10). In 1755, Evans drew on other maps and sources ~ such as maps of Connecticut and upper New York that he received from Thomas Pownall, then governor of New Jersey, to whom he dedicated the map to Pownall (Gipson 1939, 63) ~ to delineate Iroquois territory more precisely. In addition to mapping the chief settlements of the seven nations ~ Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, Senecas, Tuscaroras, and the Sississogies ~ Evans indicated their deer and beaver hunting grounds.

Evans’ map is remarkable for his indication of significant economic resources, such as coal, petroleum, and lead deposits, information about which Evans probably took from frontiersman, Indians, and other traders (Ethyl Corp. 1955, 15-17). The word “petroleum” is found at the sites of present day Franklin and Oil City, Pennsylvania. This is the earliest known mapping of petroleum and coal resources in the country. Evans also indicated the place where “elephant bones” (i.e., bones of mastodons or mammoths) had been found in the early part of the eighteenth century along the Ohio River (present day Big Bone Lick State Park, Kentucky). By including this economic and natural-historical information, Evans reinforced the British claim to know and control the interior.

Further Reading: Brückner, Martin. 2008. “The Material Map: Lewis Evans and Cartographic Consumer Culture, 1750-1775.” Common-Place 8, no. 3.Gipson, Lawrence Henry. 1939. Lewis Evans. Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania. [OML reference E199 .E965]Ethyl Corporation. 1955. Lewis Evans and His Historic Map of 1755: First Known Document to Show Oil at the Industry’s Birthplace. New York. [OML MO-1955-79]Bartram, John, Lewis Evans, and Conrad Weiser. 1973. A Journey from Pennsylvania to Onondaga in 1743. Barre, Mass.: Imprint Society.Klinefelter, Walter. 1971. “Lewis Evans and His Maps.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society ns 61, no. 7. [OML reference oversize E162 .K6 1971]

CARTOGRAPHY CORNER: K-12 EDUCATION OUTREACH NEWSLETTER

FEatUrEd map commEntary Mapping the Iroquois and the Disputed Ohio Valley in 1755

Jamie McFaul, December 2013

The map titled A General Map of the Middle British Colonies in America (Philadelphia, 1755) was drawn by Lewis Evans and printed from a copper plate engraved by James Turner. The map’s coverage extends from Montreal, New France in the northeast; south as far as Suffolk, Virginia; and westward into the Ohio River valley, a region disputed between Britain and France. The further Ohio country is depicted in the inset at upper-left. This map was often accompanied by Evan’s first “geographical … and mechanical essay,” entitled An Analysis of a General Map of the Middle British Colonies (Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin, 1755) (reproduced by Gipson 1939, 141-76). Evans’ map offers a glimpse of colonial America on the very eve of the French and Indian War (1755-1759; a.k.a. Seven Years’ War, 1756-1763).Lewis Evans, Map of the Middle British Colonies (OS-1755-11).

Additional map commentaries online at oshermaps.org

www.OsherMaps.Org/educatiOn-K12 314 Forest Avenue, Portland

OSHER MAP LIBRARY AND SMITH CENTER FOR CARTOGRAPHIC EDUCATION

The University of Southern Maine does not discriminate on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, sexual orientation, including transgender status and gender expression, national origin, citizenship status, age, disability, genetic information or veterans status in employment, education, and all other programs and activities. The following person has been disignated to handle inquires regarding non-discrimination policies: Director of Equity & Compliance, 209 Deering Avenue, Portland, 207-780-5510

OML’s Outreach team is also available to visit classrooms. All of our lessons can be transported and presented at schools, clubs, after-school programs, and camps in southern Maine.

For more information about our lessons, please visit www.oshermaps.org/education-k12 or contact us at rkeul@usm.maine.edu. Below is a list of our lesson themes with a brief description:

We love having classes come visit us! Field trips typically include a presentation and activity using OML’s materials, a viewing of the current exhibition, and a tour of the Smith Globe Collection. We recommend a group size of 10 to 60, with 1 chaperone for every 12 students. We also recommend allotting one and a half to two hours for a field trip at OML, so students have plenty of time to see everything.

Classroom visits and field trips are both free of charge!

Travel & Transportation, K-2Shows how different modes of transportation changed maps and history. The students will complete a small

coloring activity about two young tourists in 1900.ME Social Studies Standards: C1, E1

Introduction to Maps, K-2Uses both old and new maps to illustrate the different ways people can use and make maps. After a short presentation, students will complete Tino’s Map Book, in which they will

make their own maps of familiar areas.ME Social Studies Standards: D1

Travel & Tourism, 3-5Shows how the development of tourism and different modes of transportation changed maps and history. It starts with tourism in Europe and ends with tourism in Maine. The activity that accompanies this is a map of the United States, which the students complete by coloring in the states they have visited according to how they got there. A 1930’s board

game, “Streamlined Train Game” is also available.ME Social Studies Standards: C1, E1

Maine State History, 3-8Shows maps of Maine made in the 1800s and early 1900s to illustrate how the state was settled and developed. The first activity to follow the presentation is a booklet that features early maps of Maine, which students use to answer questions about Maine’s history. Students may use the completed booklet to help them answer trivia questions in the Touring Maine Board Game.

ME Social Studies Standards: C1, C2, D2, E1

The Early Years of the United States, 5-8Beginning with maps made at the time of the America Revolution, this lesson traces the expansion of the United States, including its westward expansion, until immediately before the Civil War. The presentation is followed by group activity in which students must piece together and compare two maps of the U.S., one made in 1816 and one

made in 1866. ME Social Studies Standards: C1, D1, E1

Colonial New England, 5-12Includes a discussion of the rival powers competing for land in present-day New England and some consequences of that competition. Using a French, British, Dutch, and American maps, this lesson asks the following questions: Why did these countries want land in New England? Who benefited and who was harmed through the European

colonization of New England?ME Social Studies Standards: C1, C2, D2, E1, E2

Cartography & the Renaissance, 6-12Compares maps made in the Middle Ages to maps made during the Renaissance to illustrate the widespread alterations in European thought. The activity to follow the presentation features fictional journal entries from major mapmakers through history. Students must match the

mapmakers with their cartographic creations.ME Social Studies Standards: D1, E1

Westward Expansion, 9-12

This lesson explores the events of the United States’ westward expansion, including encroachment on Native American lands, major land purchases, mass migrations such as the Oregon Trail and California Gold Rush. The presentation is followed by a group board game on North

American exploration.ME Social Studies Standards: C1, D1, E1, E2

Grim Side of Thematic Mapping, 9-12Examines various kinds of thematic maps from the 19th century, including fire insurance maps, disease mpas, and war maps. This lesson asks several questions: Why were these maps produced? How have they been used? What conditions in the 19th century manufactured demand for these maps? This lesson includes a group activity in which students must work together

to identify how a disease is being spread in a fictional town.ME Social Studies Standards: C1, D1, E1

Portland History, 3-5Uses maps of Portland to illustrate important events and milestones in Portland’s history, including the Revolutionary War and the Great Fire of 1866. It is followed up by an activity booklet that uses additional maps of

Portland.ME Social Studies Standards: C1, D1, E1

Medieval Maps and Monsters, 3-5Uses maps made during the Middle Ages and Renaissance to show the sea monsters and monstrous peoples that explorers expected to find in distant parts of the earth. Includes the Sea Monster Handbook, an activity booklet featuring an image search and space for students to create their own sea monsters, and Dangers of Exploration, a game in which students must find a path to the

Far East while avoiding entities that medieval seafarers feared.ME Social Studies Standards: C1, D1, E1

Projections & Globemaking, 3-8Tells the story of the ways the surface of the earth has been depicted throughout history, and how maps came to be the way they are today. The presentation is followed up by a creative globe-making activity that reinforces the difficulties mapmakers face when projecting the 3-dimensional earth on a flat surface. An additional activity using the Dymaxion

Map-Globe of Buckminster Fuller is also available.ME Social Studies Standards: D1, E1

Colonization of South America, 6-12Examines European maps of South America and the Caribbean for illustrations of colonial ambitions. By observing the differing views of South America between nations and time periods, students will better understand the events of the continent’s colonization and some its

consequences: war, exploration, and enslavement.ME Social Studies Standards: C1, D2, E1, E2

Colonial Worldview, 9-12Uses European maps from before the American Revolution to show how Europeans saw the world and its inhabitants. By highlighting images of people, symbols, resources and tools, this lesson asks the following questions: Why did Europeans think colonialism was morally justifiable? Why did they want to colonize? How were they able to colonize

so many parts of the world?ME Social Studies Standards: C1, C2, D2, E1, E2