k. winter, k. carden, l. fisher-jeffes, & s.pan
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Towards water sensitive urban settlements – integrating design, planning and management of South Africa’s towns and cities. K. Winter, K. Carden, L. Fisher-Jeffes, & S.Pan Public input into the National Water Resource Strategy October 2012. Urbanisation in SA, 1950 - 2030. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Urban Water Management
Towards water sensitive urban settlements – integrating design, planning and management of South Africa’s towns and cities
K. Winter, K. Carden, L. Fisher-Jeffes, & S.Pan
Public input into the National Water Resource StrategyOctober 2012
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Urbanisation in SA, 1950 - 2030
Source: Haldenwang, 2010
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Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD)
• Multi-disciplined approach to urban water management aimed at managing the urban water cycle in a more sustainable manner so as to improve water security (Wong, 2006).
• Considers the environment in conjunction with infrastructure planning, design and management at the earliest possible stage of any decision-making process (McAlister, 2007).
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Influence of WSUD on the urban water cycle
Source: Hoban & Wong (2006)
USE
Potable water supply and treatment plant
Hot water system
Shower and bathroom taps
Clothes washing
Toilet flushing
Garden irrigation
Built environment
Natural environment
Natural environment
Built environment
Human consumption - kitchen
Discharge
Sewage treatment plant
(STP)
Water treatment plant
REUSE
USE
Potable water supply and treatment plant
Hot water system
Shower and bathroom taps
Clothes washing
Toilet flushing
Garden irrigation
Built environment
Natural environment
Natural environment
Built environment
Human consumption - kitchen
MINIMISE
MINIMISE PROTECT & ENHANCE ENVIRONMENT
Discharge
Stormwater
treatment
Train
Sewage treatment
plant (STP)
All water is an opportunityNot a threat
Discharge
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Descriptive understanding of WSUD
“…mitigating water scarcity, improving water quality, thereby protecting
ecosystems, through the development of water sensitive urban areas (for all) that
are sustainable, resilient and adaptable to change, while simultaneously being a place
where people want to live….”
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Narrative definition
Term Definition
“water sensitive”
A new paradigm that integrates new knowledge with the provision of water services and the protection of aquatic environments in urban areas
“urban areas” …inclusive of residential, commercial or industrial purposes
“for all” Implemented in all developments in an appropriate and ‘fit-for-purpose’ manner
“resilient and adaptable”
Development that is able to withstand disasters and adjust to changes in environment, climate, population and social circumstances.
“a place where people want to live”
Where there is integration of the green and brown agenda - where amenity forms part of the planning and design; where ecosystems services are valued
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Urban Water Management
WSUD principles / strategies
1. Sustainable water supply options• water conservation / demand management• alternative water sources, e.g. rainwater / stormwater
harvesting• aquifer storage
2. Wastewater minimisation• quality improvement• use of treated wastewater / recycled water
3. Stormwater management• SUDs (Sustainable Urban Drainage)• enhancement of amenity and biodiversity
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WSUD transitions framework Cape Town
EthekwiniSource: Brown et al. (2008)
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Green Point Park, Cape Town
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Urban Water Management
Sanitation
Housing
Solid Waste
Water SupplyDrainage
And the ugly.
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WSUD transitions framework
Source: Brown et al. (2008)
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RETRO FIT
Water supply city Sewer City Drained
city
Water Sensitive
city
Un-service high density areas
Apartheid/separate development
Vision
History GoalWhat we need to do now
Develop water sensitive services
The road ahead
Develop water sensitive services
Informal settlements
Formal settlements
Green fields
WSUD in SA: “2 History’s, 1 future”
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The Vision Component
RETRO FITWater
supply communities
Sewered communities
Drained communities
Apartheid/separated communities
History GoalWhat we need to do now
Develop water sensitive services
The road ahead
Informal settlements
Formal settlements
Green fieldsDevelop water sensitive services
Un-serviced, high density communities
Needs
Solutions
Water Supply
Supply Hydraulics
Public Health
Separate Sewers
Need for “cheap” labour
Allow the formation of informal settlements with no services
Civil unrest/demand for equitable services
Adhoc provision of services
Flood Protection
Channelization
Amenity and environmental
protection
Water scarcity, public health
Integrated Urban Water Cycle management (IUWCM), management of point source
Management of diffuse pollution
Limits on natural
resources
Fit for purpose use
of water
Inter-generational
equity
Adaptive, multifunctional infrastructure designed to
emphasise water sensitivity
Water Sensitive
Cities
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Presentation of benefits of WSUD
Stakeholder Area of interest
Politicians Provision of basic services; job creation
City officials Costs / ease of maintenance
Private developers Increased profit / public image
Community groups Job creation; public health / safety
Environmental groups Protection of environment
Individuals Additional costs/ benefits per household
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Acknowledgements
Water Research Commission of South Africa – Contract no. K5/2071: “Water Sensitive Urban Design
(WSUD) or Low Impact Design (LID) for improving water resource protection/conservation and reuse in
urban landscapes”