kenneth cram - occupancy sensors
TRANSCRIPT
Organised by
Author/presenter
Kenneth Cram
Occupancy SensorsThe Promise, The Delivery, The Cost
� Although use of occupancy sensors to control lighting is well established elsewhere, it is not in South Africa
� The Promise - A sensor technology overview
� The Delivery - A detailed case study
� The Cost - Cost and ROI information
Abstract
� Electricity crisis predicted > 10 yrs ago
� Crisis upon us - time for action is now
� Low costs for electricity = little reason to conserve
� Gov’t & Eskom - long term plan to increase supply
� Years to implement
� Does not diminish need to conserve now
When someone else’s lights go off it is Eskom’s problem, when your lights go off it quickly becomes your problem!
Introduction
Bank City – Sunday Night
Nedcor – Voter’s Day
RMB – Sunday Night
Nestlé – Sunday Night
Werkmans – Sunday Night
DiData – Sunday Night
� Motion sensors have existed for many years
� Passive infrared (PIR) has evolved dramatically in recent years
� Two new technologies developed
� Ultra sensitive microphonics technology
� High frequency ultrasonic wave reflection
� Technology combinations
History
� Effective Detection of Human Presence� Modern PIR - fine finger movement� Microphonics - “hear” human noise� Ultrasonics - detect through walls
The Promise
Occupancy detection has come a long way from the days of jumping up and down and waving your arms in front of a “security passive” to get the sensor to activate
� Detects heat
� More switching zones = greater sensitivity
� “Security passives”
� 1 PIR, 3 – 6 switching zones, 1200
� Unsuited to lighting control
� Advanced PIR sensors
� 3 PIR, >1400 switching zones, 360°
� Designed for lighting control
� Fine finger movement up to 3-4 metres
� Larger movements up to 40 metres
The Technology - PIR
Speakers should try to limit themselves 24 slides
� Do not forget to bring a copy of your presentation with you on the day!!!
� It is preferable that speakers bring their own note-books
� Please do not number your slides
Typical PIR Locations
� Detects sound rather than heat� Microphonics and PIR - Dual technology� Filter out background noise� Pick up human noise only� Detection range varies depending upon ceiling, wall and floor materials and ambient noise levels.
� Line of sight to activate PIR� Can “hear” around corners or where there is obstructed line of sight
� PIR/microphonics dual technology sensors are highly immune to false triggering
The Technology – Microphonics
Typical Microphonics Location
� Transmits high frequency sound waves that strike any object in their path and reflect back to the sensor
� Motion disrupts pattern of reflected waves -activates the sensor
� Ultrasound waves inaudible - high frequencies
� Moderate sensitivity – moderate range� Ultrasonic/PIR - dual technology� Some false triggering
The Technology – Ultrasonic
� Dimension Data in Bryanston - The Campus.
� 17 buildings
� 86,000 m2 office
� 113,000 m2 car park
� Cricket pitch/athletic field/outdoor concert venue in the centre,9 hole pitch and putt golf course and a helipad on the perimeter
� One of the most modern and efficient office facilities in South Africa, < 5 years old
� Total Projected Savings over 10 years:
� R 22,285,009
The Delivery – Case Study
� Total buildings 3
� Total watts of switchable lighting 154,644� Total sensors required 507� Average watts controlled per sensor 305� Saving percentage projected 67%� Eskom Demand Side Management (DSM)� M&V – 20%, 30 days baseline & sensors
The Delivery – Case Study
� Consumption results
� Baseline March 2005
� Baseline 600,995 kwh
� Sensors July/August 2005
� Sensors 87,333 kwh
� Savings 513,662 kwh
� % Savings 85.5 %
The Delivery – Case Study
� Demand results
� Evening Peak Demand Reduction
� Weekday 43%
� Saturday 88%
� Sunday 86%
� Total Savings over 10 years
� R 22,285,009
The Delivery – Case Study
� Environmental/Social impact� Saved kwh kwh 513,662
� Support 1,027 low income families� Water saved l 652,351
� Support 429 people� Coal usage kg 251,694� Ash produced kg 68,122� S02 emissions kg 3,883� NOx emissions kg 1,824� C02 emissions kg 457,159
� Remove 2,167 cars from our roads� Every Month!
Environmental and Social Impact
� Total cost: R1,089,870
� Total sensors: 507
� ROI: 36 months
The Cost – Case Study
� Occupancy sensor-based lighting control system at Dimension Data Campus facility in Bryanston:
� Functions as promised
� M&V’d savings
� Cost effective
� ROI of 36 months, > 12 years on lease
� Positive environmental and social benefits
� Long-term savings as electricity costs rise
Conclusion