key issue 4. a: p.420-421 central business district retail services in the cbd retail services with...
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Chapter 12Services
Key Issue 4
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Chapter 12Key Issue 4
A: p.420-421Central Business District
Retail Services in the CBDRetail Services with High Threshold
Retail Services with a High Range
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Services of all types historically cluster in the center of the city. It is often the most visually distinctive area of a city and traditionally the sight of the first settlement. It is compact, but has a large percentage of the shops.
Central Business District
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Three types of retail services concentrate in the center and they are long range shops, high threshold shops, and shops that serve people who work in the center.
Retail Services in the CBD
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Shops with high thresholds are usually in the center of the town
Large department stores are usually clustered across the street from each other
The intersection of these clusters are referred to as the 100% corner
Retail Services with High Threshold
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Usually very specializedCustomers patronize it infrequentlyPrefer central locations
Retail Services with a High Range
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Do you think that the more rural areas will be making the transition to central business districts?
What are some different types of high range shops and why they would prefer that centralized location?
What makes the central business districts so attractive?
Questions
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Chapter 12Key Issue 4
B: p422-423Retail Services & Business Services
High Land Costs in the CBD
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Office Supplies
Dry Cleaning
Clothing
Businesse
s
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Butchers
Supermarkets
Bakeries
CBD’s Outside of North America
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Shops for nearby office workers in CBD b/c# of downtown office workers also
Although total # of sales = stable,
but patterns of demand has changed
In order to increase & revitalize other retailers, they will ban
motorcycles for more pedestrian friendly shopping centers
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Offices are CENTRALLY located to facilitate rapid communication
Central locations = employment of workers from a variety of
neighborhoods
Central locations are ACCESSABLE
Businesses depend on PROXIMITY to professional colleagues
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Many professionals still prefer FACE TO FACE contact
Establishes TRUST based on shared
professional values
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QUESTIONS?
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Chapter 12Key Issue 4
C: p.424Intensive Land Use
SkyscrapersMaria, Jennifer, and Chadai
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Intensive Land UseThe central area in a city uses more space
below and above ground level.“Underground cities” are put underneath
central areas like garages, subways and utility lines.
Underground areas shield pedestrians from motor vehicles and harsh weather conditions
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SkyscrapersHigh-rise structures have become
economically feasible due to demand for space in central city
Gives the city a distinctive and unifying symbol
The first skyscraper was built in Chicago in 1880s
The first skyscrapers had to be modified with artificial lighting, ventilation, central heating and AC.
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SkyscrapersWaste a lot of energy by building skyscrapers
and complaints with skyscrapers may return.D.C. is the only large CBD without
skyscrapers because buildings cannot be higher than the capitol.
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SkyscrapersToo many skyscrapers next to each other
causes traffic build up and prevents sunlight from streaming naturally on streets.
Enacted zoning ordinances to control location and height
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Discussion QuestionsWhat does the typical underground city
include? What are the disadvantages of skyscrapers?When was the first skyscraper built? What
were the changes made to it?
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Chapter 12Key Issue 4
D: p.424-425Declining Manufacturing in the CBD
Lack of Residents in CBDsEuropean CBDs
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Declining Manufacturing in the CBD
Major manufacturing has moved out of the central cities to just outside the city limits.
In Paris jobs decreased from 500,000 to 100,000 in a mere 30 years
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Declining Manufacturing in the CBD (continued)Many major cities have now developed thei
industrial districts into tourist attraction and urban epicenters.
This is especially common in North America, with cities like Toronto, San Francisco, Baltimore, and Boston
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Lack of Residents in CBDs
Many people have been lured out of downtown areas to the suburbs due to more space, less crime, and better living in general.
People were also pushed out of downtown areas due to high rents.
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Lack of Residents in CBDs (continued)
In U.S. cities the population has increased by about 10% due to the construction of new apartment buildings and other residential areas.
Downtown areas appeal to empty nesters.
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European CBDs
Many European cities have limited development to keep historic values
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QuestionsWhy have urban CBDs decreased?What are the pros and cons of a downtown
area?What is the difference between American
cities and European cities and their approach to post urban CBDs?
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Suburbanization Of Businesses
BY Lucas Setra and Sydney Harper
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BusinessesBusinesses have moved to suburbs due to low
land costs and a closer proximity to customers.
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Retail…The key to a successful large shopping mall is
an anchor, such as a large department store or supermarket.
They attract the most business and can keep the mall afloat.
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RetailDowntown sales have stagnated because
suburban residents won’t make such a long journey.
Retailing is now more concentrated in suburban shopping malls.
Larger malls contain department stores and specialty shops that are traditionally reserved for the CBD.
Malls have become centers for activity in suburban areas that lack other types of community facilities.
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FactoriesFactories and warehouses have migrated to
suburban areas due to cheaper land, more space, and better truck access.
The space is needed for all the machinery and equipment that is build over a single level.
Suburban locations allow for truck shipments with good access main highways and no high traffic congestion.
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OfficesOffices that do require face to face contact
have moved to suburbs due to cheaper rent than in the CBD.
For some employees, suburban locations are difficult to work in because they don’t have public transportation.
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QuestionsWhat is the key to a successful shopping
mall?An anchor!Why have factories moved to the suburbs?More space. Cheaper land, and accessibility!Why is it working in an office located in the
suburbs difficult?They lack public transportation!