Kingdom Diversity

3 Domains

• Domain Archae – contains members of the Kingdom Archaebacteria

• Domain Bacteria – contain members of the Kingdom Eubacteria

• Domain Eukarya – contain members of the Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia

Kingdom Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria

• Prokaryotes• Live in extreme environments– Halophiles – salt– Thermoacidophiles – heat, acidic environments– Methanogens – swamps, intestines of cows

• No layer of peptidoglycan in cell wall• Biochemically more related to eukaryotic

cells.

Kingdom Eubacteria

Kingdom Eubacteria

• Prokaryotes– Three Shapes:– Cocci – round– Baccilli – rods– Spirilla – spirals

• Layer of peptidoglycan• Classified as gram + or gram –• Eubacteria cause most bacterial infections– Strep throat– Lactobacillus (yogurt bacteria)

How Bacteria Get Energy

• Photosynthesis – energy from sunlight• Cellular Respiration – energy from break down

of organic material• Chemosynthesis – energy from chemicals

available in the environment

• Charts pg. 582-583

Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista

• Most diverse kingdom– Eukaryotic– Multicellular and unicellular organisms– Photosynthetic or heterotrophic

• Catch all group of eukaryotic organisms that are not animals, plants or fungus

• Amoebas, paramecium, algae

Kingdom Protista

• Animal like-Protozoa• Plant like-Algae• Fungi like-Slime Molds

How Protists Move

• Pseudopods – “false feet”

• Cilia – short, numerous, hair-like structures

• Flagella – relatively long, whip-like; one or two in number

How Protists Obtain Energy

• Autotrophic – use photosynthesis (green!!!)

• Heterotrophic – engulf and digest their food

How Protists Impact Humans

• Parasitic protists cause some of the world’s most deadly diseases–Malaria–African sleeping sickness

• Many protists are photosynthetic• Beneficial in digestion• Diatomaceous earth-toothpaste, pool

filters, etc.

Kingdom Fungi

Kingdom Fungi

• Saprotrophic – externally break down food and absorb it using a structure called hyphae, heterotrophic• Feed on dead and decaying material• Can cause disease – ring worm, yeast

infections

Kingdom Fungi

• Cell walls contain chitin (polysaccharide)• Mushrooms, truffles, yeast• Grouped by their reproductive

structures

Importance of Fungi to Humans

• Yeast!!!! Bread, and alcoholic beverages• Decomposition – breaking down all

the dead materials

Kingdom Plantae

Kingdom Plantae

• Autotrophic – make their own food through the process of photosynthesis

• Cell walls contain cellulose• Non-motile

• Nonvascular – moss• Vascular Seedless – ferns• Gymnosperms – pine trees• Angiosperms – flowering plants

Importance of Plants to the World

• Primary Producers – the energy source in ecosystems

• Medicines• Removing carbon dioxide from the air and

producing oxygen• Wood for construction• Fibers for clothing

Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia

• Heterotrophic• No cell wall• Motile • Most recent on the evolutionary time line!