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Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Respectfully Prepared By: Group One

Grade VIII- Aristotle

(officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia or KSA) is the

largest Arab state in Western Asia by land area (approximately

2,150,000 km2 (830,000 square mi), constituting the bulk of the

Arabian Peninsula) and the second-largest in the Arab

world (after Algeria)

It was founded by Abdul-Aziz bin Saud (known for most of his career

as Ibn Saud) in 1932.

 It is categorized as a high income economy with 19th highest GDP in

the world. Being the world's largest oil exporter is the basis for its

position as one of the 20 most powerful countries in the world

Saudi Arabia

History of Arabic Literature

What we know about the origins of the Arabic literary tradition

comes about because of the revelation of the Qur’an to Muhammad, the

Prophet of Islam, beginning in the late 7th century and the subsequent

process of recording the oral pronouncements in written form. The need

to interpret the resulting text demanded a knowledge of the origins of

the Arabic language and the recording of examples of Arabic that

preceded the revelations. The most significant literary forms of

expression from this pre-Islamic era, known in Arabic as “al-jahiliyyah”

(the period of ignorance), were an elaborate, orally transmitted corpus

of poetry, passed down from one generation to another by bards, and

highly prized within the tribal environment of the Arabian peninsula.

Arabic Literature

Arabic literature is the writing, both prose and poetry, produced by

writers in the Arabic language. The Arabic word used for literature is

"adab", which is derived from a meaning of etiquette, and which implies

politeness, culture and enrichment. Arabic literature emerged in the 5th

century with only fragments of the written language appearing before

then. The Qur'an, widely regarded as the finest piece of literature work

in the Arabic language, would have the greatest lasting effect on Arabic

culture and its literature. Arabic literature flourished during the Islamic

Golden Age, but has remained vibrant to the present day, with poets

and prose-writers across the Arab world achieving increasing success.

PoetryArabic poetry is the earliest form of Arabic literature. It is categorized

into two main types, rhymed or measured, and prose. The rhymed poetry falls

within fifteen different meters collected and explained by al-Farahidi in The

Science of ‘Arud. Al-Akhfash, a student of al-Farahidi, later added one more meter

to make them sixteen. The meters of the rhythmical poetry are known in Arabic

as "seas". The measuring unit of seas is known as "taf‘īlah" and every sea

contains a certain number of taf'ilas which the poet has to observe in every verse

of the poem. The measuring procedure of a poem is very rigorous. Sometimes

adding or removing a consonant or a vowel can shift the bayt from one meter to

another. Also, in rhymed poetry, every bayt has to end with the same rhyme

throughout the poem.Researchers and critics of Arabic poetry usually classify it in

two categories: classical and modern poetry. Classical poetry was written before

the Arabic renaissance . Thus, all poetry that was written in the classical style is

called "classical" or "traditional poetry" since it follows the traditional style and

structure. It is also known as "horizontal poetry" in reference to its horizontal

parallel structure. Modern poetry, on the other hand, deviated from classical

poetry in its content, style, structure, rhyme and topics.

YOU OR THE MOON

By: Mohammed samir Mohammed taysir Alsahhar

When you appear the moon, the stars and the sun disappear.

Your face shines in the dark sky

Like the sun that shines in daylight.

When I looked at the moon,

It was smiling like a beautiful child.

I wondered why the moon is smiling

On the first day of the month.

Suddenly, I saw a face an angel

That was flying between the clouds.

I start smiling like a beauty child who never lies.

It was your face, my beautiful angel.

A face when God has created it,

He created the beauty and love.

A face I always dream about it in my waking and at midnight.

I asked, who is more beautiful, you or the moon?

I heard aloud voice that was coming from the sky.

Your amazing night angel is

The most beautiful on Earth and in the sky.

EXAMPLE

The Fox & the Wolf

“Trust is the glue of friendship.”

Alladin’s Lamp

The Bull and the Donkey

Poems from the literature of the

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

CONNECTION OF TWO HEARTS .By. Najma Saeed

Love is the connection of two hearts.Love is understanding. Love is accommodating.

Like one soul with two opposite bodies.Come, my love, take my hand, we too fast.Inside there is a soul that loves to dance.

Love is the connection of two spirits.Love forgets, love forgives, love never gets old.

Before I opened my heart for you.I fell in love with you.

Your love came into my life.My heart is still crying.

Love is the connections of two souls.I could express my love forever and ever.

True love comes only from the heart.It hurts when you are away.

Now that you have stolen my heart.Love always stays young at heart.

Love is the connection of two hearts.

THE WORLD OF TEARSBy: Fatima Khan TariqTears conquer my eyes 

And start tumbling and fallingLike the snow from innocent heavens

And it stays.....And lasts long longer and so on

Like the winter seasonIn the cold arctic

As if it's the owner Of my small youthful eyes.

This is one season And one condition only

Which my eyes have experiencedIn these long thirteen years

Never has the spring season Or, as people say, the spring seasonCrossed, invaded or ruled my eyes

My eyes nor my soul.

Long lasts my wishTo catch a glimpseOr to experience

Of how it is to be happyTo live happy

And die happy.I wish......

If there was an endA complete end 

To my suffering woe.

The All-high by Karim ArdatiAt the dawn 

 and when the sun is shown i walk on my ownall my pain throwni walk on my own.

dawn: is my teen age like when i was 12 yearssun: knowledge in everything

To discover new phasesof my life that changes

under the control of my fingersI shall make my life into all it's pressures

3-O,world!how humble u are

with your moon and all your starswhen u meet the all high

O world don't crywe're his creatures also you are

even with your moon and your star.O mankind!

don't even tryto match the all-high

 hands and eyesbones and mindsare when you die

ashes left in the dry (land)in the land of the all high

At the end i shall saywe will stay in this or that day

watched all the wayby the one to whom we pray .

Narrative & Essays

As is the case in many world cultural traditions, the origins of what can

be termed “prose writing” in Arabic lie in the realm of bureaucracy and especially

letter-writing (the chancery). The origins of the movement are closely associated

with two phenomena: firstly the translation of works from other cultures (and

especially Persian) into Arabic, beginning in the 7th-8th centuries); and secondly

the emergence of a discipline called in Arabic “adab,” implying correct behavior

and the observance of proper cultural norms.

This community of bureaucrats and scholars provided the creative cultural

context within which a large number of essays and compendia of information

were now composed and compiled—and on a bewildering variety of topics:

manuals for secretaries, information about poets, jurists and Sufis; collections of

poetry and anecdote; and so on.

In the 10th century a scholar from the city of Hamadhan, whose prowess

as a writer earned him the nickname Badi` al-zaman (“wonder of the era,” d.

1008), began to write a series of amusing vignettes (called Maqamat in Arabic) in

which a narrator and rogue tour around the Middle East, poke fun at the foibles of

mankind and produce pastiches of other types of composition. This form of

writing was made yet more elaborate by Al-Hariri (d. 1122), and the tradition was

continued in ensuing centuries and carried into the modern period. One type of

narrative which curiously has not been regarded by Arabs as being part of the

literary tradition is the repertoire of popular tales and sagas, mostly because they

were composed and publicly performed in a level of Arabic language that kept

them outside the exclusive realms of literature (as defined by critics). Part of that

popular tradition is the world-famous collection of tales known in Arabic as Alf

laylah wa-laylah (A Thousand and One Nights) and in the West as The Arabian

Nights. In its original form (probably coming to the Arab world from India and

Persia) it was complete by the 14th century at the latest, but the translation of

the collection into French in the early 18th century led to a huge increase of

interest in the collection among Europeans. Other tales, not originally part of the

collection were added, and—unfortunately for us—the two tales that are most

famous in the West, “Aladdin” and “Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves,” are both

French fakes.

Culture of Saudi Arabia

Music

The music of Saudi Arabia includes both Western and traditional music.

Like many of its Persian Gulf neighbors, khaleeji folk traditions are

popular styles. The most distinguished musician in recent Saudi history

is Tariq Abdulhakeem, who composed hundreds of famous Saudi songs

for himself as well as for other singers. Music, however, is considered

"sinful" by some Muslims. This is based, in part, on certain ahadith

which speak negatively of non-percussion musical instruments and the

idea that music and art are distractions from God.

Sports

Football is the national sport in Saudi Arabia. In recent years, some

Saudi players currently play in Europe. The Saudi Arabian national

football team is governed by the Saudi Arabia Football Federation (SFF).

The national team competed in the FIFA World Cup four times, and the

AFC Asian Cup 12 times. Some sports are prohibited in Saudi Arabia.

That includes sports that involve killing.

Basketball is also popular. The Saudi Arabian national basketball team

won the bronze medal at the 1999 Asian Championship.

Religion

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an Islamic theocratic monarchy in which Islam is

the official religion; the law requires that all Saudi citizens be Muslims. Religious

freedom is non-existent. The Government does not provide legal recognition or

protection for freedom of religion, and it is severely restricted in practice.

Moreover, the public practice of non-Muslim religions is prohibited. The Saudi

Mutaween (Arabic: مطوعين), or Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the

Prevention of Vice (i.e., the religious police), enforces the prohibition on the public

practice of non-Muslim religions.

For this reason, Saudi culture lacks the diversity of religious expression, buildings,

annual festivals and public events that is seen in countries where religious

freedom is permitted.

Tourist Spots

2. Al-Ula

Al-Ula in Saudi Arabia is one of the

most interesting Saudi Arabia Tourist

Attractions. This is an ancient site that

had once had been the hub of trade

and commerce. The Al-Ula in Saudi

Arabia is located somewhere between

Al Madinah and Tabuk in the central

region of Saudi Arabia.

1. Al Masjid al Nabawi

One of the most important symbols

of the Islamic Religion of Saudi

Arabia, Al-Masjid al-Nabawi located in

Madina is considered to be the

world's second holiest mosque. Al-

Masjid al-Nabawi at Saudi Arabia in

Asia was built by the Prophet himself,

and raised up to its present stature,

by later Islamic rulers.

Tourist Spots

4. Jabal al-Lawz

Jabal al-Lawz features among the most

popular Saudi Arabia Tourist Attractions

and the region is famous for its unique

flora and fauna. A bird watchers

paradise and a botanists Eden, the Jabal

al-Lawz in Saudi Arabia is a treat for all.

Put on your trekking gear and roll up

your sleeves as you prepare for the

enchanting expedition of your life.

3. Dumat al Jundal

A seat of the rich Culture of Saudi

Arabia, this mysterious city is

mentioned by the name

"Adamatu" in the Assyrian records.

The present name of the city

means "Dumah of the Stone", after

the name of Dumah, one of the

twelve sons of Ishmael.

Did You Know?

Saudis and Muslims pray 5 times a day:

Fajr (Dawn)

Dhuhr (Midday)

Asr (Afternoon)

Maghrib (Sunset)

Isha'a (Evening)

Did You Know?

Thursdays and Fridays are the official weekend days

here in Saudi Arabia. In other Muslim countries, they

may vary, but still, Friday (called "Al-Juma'a" in Arabic,

meaning "The gathering day") is a sacred day

dedicated to spending time with the family and

attending holy prayers. It's basically the Islamic

counterpart of Christian's Sundays.

شكرا

!لالستماع