Klaus P. Jungmann, Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut, Groningen, NL

Arbeitstreffen „Hadronen und Kerne“, Pommersfelden, 26 September 2001

Standard ModelPrecision Experiment

Fundamental ConstantsRelated Experiments

InterpretationFuture Possibilities

g - 2 i n t h e e a r l y d a y s

* N a f e e t a l . , N a g l e e t a l . ( 1 9 4 7 ) * H F S o f H a n d D d i f f e r s b y 2 * 1 0 - 3 f r o m F e r m i t h e o r y

* B r e i t ( 1 9 4 7 ) * M a y b e : g e 2

* K u s c h , F o l e y ( 1 9 4 7 ) * a t o m i c s p i n p r e c e s s i o n : g e = 2 . 0 0 2 3 8 ( 1 0 )

* A n o l m a l y *

* S c h w i n g e r ( 1 9 9 4 8 ) *

00116.02

2 ea

r e n o r m a l i z a t i o n o f m a s s

22 g

a

M a g n e t i c M o m e n t

* D i r a c : g = 2 f o r s p i n ½ p a r t i c l e s

* B a r y o n O c t e t : g 2 i n n e r s t r u c t u r e

p r o t o n : g p > 2 n e u t r o n : g n 0

* L e p t o n s : g 2 i n t e r a c t i o n w i t h v i r t u a l f i e l d s , e . g . Q E D . . . e l e c t r o n m u o n t a u o n

mc

eg

2

27922

cm

e.

Np

291.12n

cm

e

N

...2

1

2

2 2

3

2

2

aag

a

QED - Contributions:

Weak Interaction Corrections:

a(QED) = 116 584 705.6(2.9) * 10-11 (Kinoshita 2000)

a(weak) = 151(4) * 10-11 (Kutho 1992, Degrassi 1998)

E lectron M agnetic A nom aly

E xperim ent : a e+ = 1 159 652 187 .9 (4 .3 ) 10-12

(D ehm elt e t a l. 1987) a e- = 1 159 652 188 .4 (4 .3 ) 10-12

T heory: a e = 1 159 652 156 .4 (4 .1 )(22 .9 ) 10-12 w ith from Q uan tum H all E ffect

(K inoshita e t a l. 1998) = 0 .5

- 0 .328 478 965 ...

2+1.181 241 456 ...

3-1 .409(38)

4+...+

hadrons,W ,Z

a lterna tively: ( )g

21 = 137 .035 999 93 (52)

2

2

ee

ga

121040.4

QED - Contributions:

Weak Interaction Corrections:

a(QED) = 116 584 705.6(2.9) * 10-11 (Kinoshita 2000)

a(weak) = 151(4) * 10-11 (Kutho 1992, Degrassi 1998)

minor errorin calculations

The new measurement of the muon magnetic anomalyat the Brookhaven National Laboratory aims for0.35 ppm relative accuracy.

Why?

We have in the listing of fundamental physical constants:• electron magnetic anomaly

1.159 652 186 9(41) 10 -3 (0.0035 ppm)• muon magnetic anomaly

1.165 916 02(64) x 10-3 (0.55 ppm)

Sensitivity to heavier objects larger by

(m/me)2 40 000

Hadronic Corrections for g-2

ahadr.,1st order) = 6951(75)10-11 (Davier, 1998)

ahadr., higher order) = -101(6) 10-11 (Krause, 1996)

ahadr., light on light) = -79(15) 10-11 (Hayakawa, 1998)

! !

Situation Spring 2001

Early “Shopping List”

The Muon (g-2) Collaboration

R.M. Carey, W. Earle, E. Efstathiadis, M. Hare, E.S. Hazen, X. Huang, F. Krienen, A. Lam Ng, I. Logashenko, J.P.Miller, J. Paley, O. Rind, B.L. Roberts, L.R. Sulak, A. Trofimov - Boston University

J. Benante, H.N. Brown, G. Bunce, G.T. Danby, M. Grosse-Perdekamp, R. Larsen, Y.Y. Lee, W. Meng, J.L. Mi, W.M. Morse, D. Nikas, C. Özben, C. Pai, R. Prigl, R. Sanders, Y.K. Semertzidis, M. Tanaka, L. Snydstrup, T. Tallerico, D. Von Lintig, D. Warburton - Brookhaven National Laboratory

Y. Orlov - Cornell University

D. Winn - Fairfield University

A. Grossmann, K. Jungmann, G. zu Putlitz - University of Heidelberg

P.T. Debevec, W. Deninger, F. Gray, D.W. Hertzog, C.J.G. Onderwater, C. Polly, S. Sedykh, M. Sossong, D. Urner - University of Illinois

U. Haeberlen - Max Planck Institute fur Med. Forschung, Heidelberg

B. Bousquet, P. Cushman, L. Duong, S. Giron, J. Kindem, I. Kronkvist, R. McNabb, D. Miller, T. Qian, C. Timmermans, D. Zimmerman - University of Minnesota

V.P. Druzhinin, G.V. Fedotovich, B.I. Khazin, N.M. Ryskulov, S. Serednyakov, Yu.M. Shatunov, E. Solodov - Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk

A. Yamamoto - KEK

M. Iwasaki, M. Kawamura - Tokyo Institute of Technology

M.Deile , H. Deng, S.K. Dhawan, F.J.M. Farley, V.W. Hughes, D. Kawall, J. Pretz, S.I. Redin, E. Sichtermann, A. Steinmetz - Yale University

The fixed probes

4 ppm

Proton NMR

Electronics inside the trolley

The NMR-Trolley

17 probes -Proton NMR in water

ElectrostaticQuadrupole Electrodes

NMRTrolley

TrolleyRails

Fixed NMRProbes

TrolleyNMR Probes

Vacuum Vessel

900 000 000 positrons with E > 2GeV in 1999

)]cos(1[

)cos(1)(2)(

0

t

a

t

eA

tAeNtN

Systematic Uncertainties, Results

Magnetic Field

• p,0 spherical probe 0.05 ppm

• p(R,ti) 17 trolley probes 0.22 ppm

• p(R,t) 150 fixed probes 0.15 ppm

• p(R) aging -

• p (RI) inflector fringe field 0.20 ppm

• < p muon distribution 0.12 ppm

total systematic uncertainty p=0.4 ppm

Spin Precession• Pileup 0.13 ppm

• AGS background 0.10 ppm

• Lost muons 0.10 ppm

• Timing Shifts 0.10 ppm

• E field and vertical CBO 0.08 ppm

• Binning and Fitting procedure 0.07 ppm

• Coherent Betatron Oscillations 0.05 ppm

• beam debunching 0.04 ppm

• Gain Instability 0.02 ppm

total systematic uncertainty a,sy = 0.25 ppm

total statistical uncertainty a,st = 1.25 ppm

p/2 = 61 791 256 (25) Hz a/2 = 229 072.8 (0.3) Hz

QEDm

g-2

hadronic contributionweak contributionNew Physics

+e-

HFS, n=1QED correctionsweak contribution

+e-

1S-2S

m

QED corrections

QEDm

QED

, , g

ge

m c2h

a = a m c

e B=

a p

a p

p-

Experiment:

Theory: weakhadronicAAAa

...483624

21

* need for muon ! * hadronic and weak corrections* various experimental sources ofbetter 100ppb>need constants at very moderate * no concern for (g-2) accuracy

* a and B (p) measured in (g-2) experiment <better 0.35 and 0.1 ppm>* c is a defined quantity <“infinite” accuracy>* m () is measured in muonium spectroscopy (hfs) <better 120 ppb> NEW 1999* eis measured in muonium spectroscopy (1s -2s) <better 1.2 ppb> NEW 1999* p in water known >> probe shape dependence << <better 26 ppb>* 3He to p in water >> gas has no shape effect << <better 4.5 ppb> being improved

Muonium Hyperfine Structure

Solenoid

ein

SDetector

MW-Resonator

Yale - Heidelberg - Los Alamos

exp = 4 463 302 765(53) Hz ( 12 ppb)theo = 4 463 302 649(520)(34)(<100) Hz(<120 ppb)

p = 3.183 345 13(39) (120 ppb)

mme = 206.768 273(24) (120 ppb) = 137.036 010 8(5 2) ( 39 ppb)

W. Liu et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 711 (1999)

Muonium 1S-2S Experiment

Laser

Diagnostics

Detection

-.25 R

1S

2S

244 nm

244 nm

Ene

rgy

-R

0

ekin

in

e

Target

Mirror

Heidelberg - Oxford - Rutherford - Sussex - Siberia - Yale

1s-2s = 2455 528 941.0(9.1)(3.7) MHz

1s-2s = 2455 528 935.4(1.4) MHz

m= 206.768 38 (17) me

q= [ -1 -1.1 (2.1) 10-9 ] qe-

exp

theo

V.Meyer et al., Phys.Rev.Lett. 84, 1136 (2000)

2.6 deviation

Possible Explanations for a

• a(exp) and a(latest theory) differ by 42(16) *10-10

• The probability for agreement is < 1%

• Statistical Fluctuation

• Undiscovered Error in Experiment (not recognized systematics)

• Not yet complete standard theory calculation (hadronic contribution)

• New Physics

4 times more data on tape & data for - being taken

Courtesy of W. Kluge, Karlsruhe (Summer 2001)

About 1 year’s data needed

Hadronic Corrections for g-2

ahadr.,1st order) = 6951(75)10-11 (Davier, 1998)

ahadr., higher order) = -101(6) 10-11 (Krause, 1996)

ahadr., light on light) = -79(15) 10-11 (Hayakawa, 1998)

! !

??SIGN ??

Muon Magnetic Anomaly in Super Symmetric Models

approximate rule : aSUSY 1.4 [ (100 GeV/c2) /mg ]2 tan

goal BNL 821: a to 0.4 after: U. Chattopadyay and P. Nath, 1995

• At , m0 vary over

parameter space

• m0 < 1TeV/c2

• no constraints from dark matter • constraint through dark matter

w w

k

~

k k

~

?

1810m

mmr

0

00

K

KK||

K

1 21 02a v ga

|e

ae

a|31 01 .2

a v gg

|e

ge

g|

er

CPTbr e a kb,a μμ I nva r i anc e Lo r e nt zbr e a kH,d,c,b,a μ νμ νμ νμμ

?

L e p t o n M a g n e t i c A n o m a l i e s i n C P T a n d L o r e n t z N o n - I n v a r i a n t M o d e l s

C P T t e s t s

A r e t h e y c o m p a r a b l e - W h i c h o n e i s a p p r o p r i a t e

U s e c o m m o n g r o u n d , e . g . e n e r g i e s

L e p t o n s i n E x t e r n a l M a g n e t i c F i e l d

B l u h m , K o s t e l e c k y , R u s s e l l , P h y s . R e v . D 5 7 , 3 9 3 2 ( 1 9 9 8 )

F o r g - 2 E x p e r i m e n t s :

D e h m e l t , M i t t l e m a n , V a n D y c k , S c h w i n b e r g , h e p - p h / 9 9 0 6 2 6 2

μμ qAii D

0Dμγ5γμνi dνDμγμνi cμνσμνH2

1μγ5γμbμγμamμDμ( i γ

e qua t i on DI RAC v i o l a t i ng Lo r e nt z and CPT ge ne r i c

ψ)

2clm

aΔ ω

lu psp inE

|ld o wnsp inEl

u psp inE|

lr

l34 bl

aωlaωaΔ ω

a v g

ll2

l

cl a

|aa|

cm

ωr

24103. 5μr21101. 2er :: muonel ect r on

Note: Even if there will be a difference between muon g-2 and theory established and unquestioned, it does not carry a tag about the nature of

the difference!

We will need further experiments then to learn more!

Such as:

- searches for rare muon decays

- search for a muon edm

- ..............................

e appearsin composite modelsif a as suggested

Conceptworks alsofor (certain)nuclei;GSI could startright now

Exploit hugemotional electric fields forrelativistic particlesin highmagnetic fields;observe spin rotation

EDM closely related to non standard anomaly in many models!

CERN Neutrino Factory baseline scenario (target muon budget)

4 MW2.2ms/13.3ms

3.3s

(144b of 3ns)

1016p/s

1.21014 s =1.2 1021 yr

0.9 1021 yr

3 1020 eyr3 1020 yr

3 1020 eyr3 1020 yr

1020 eyr1020 yr

(© A. Blondel)

Similar Bright Possibilities at almost any HighPower Proton Facility, e.g.

- ESS - GSI (?) - JHF

Don’t Mi(e)ss It!

Future Possibilities

SPARES

Neutrino Factory @ CERNPossibly Interesting experiments

• High Intensity Low Energy Muon Experiments (targets!)•rare decays e+ e e+ e e+ > Lepton number• muonium - antimuonium conversion > Lepton number • “normal” muon decay > GF

• muon magnetic anomaly > g-2, a• muon edm > d• muon parameters > m, , • muonic atoms > r p , gp

• CF

• Next Generation ISOLDE Experiments• radioactive muonic atoms > rn , rp

• nuclear structure of short lived nucleids > rn , rp

• nuclear structure far off valley of stability > rn , rp

• muon capture

• Neutrino Experiments• long baseline• short baseline• charm Production• NC/CC > mw (10-20 MeV) and sin2qw

eff (2.10-4)

• Kaon Experiments ( >> 15 GeV postaccelerator)K Jungmann 18-Apr-2001

Muon Experiments Possible at a CERN Neutrino Factory -Expected Improvements

K Jungmann 18-Apr-2001

<<<<

Muon Experiments possible at a CERN Neutrino Factory -Required Beam Parameters

K Jungmann 18-Apr-2001