knowledge vs politics - anui2s.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/plenary-talk_young.pdf · knowledge...
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Knowledge vs Politics: How Research can Contribute
to Better Policy John Young,
Research and Policy in Development Programme Overseas Development Institute, London
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Knowledge vs Politics: How Research can Contribute
Better to Policy John Young,
Research and Policy in Development Programme Overseas Development Institute, London
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RAPID
Power, Politics and evidence use
Evidence production and communication
Knowledge intermediaries and interactions
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Identify the problem
Commission research
Analyse the results
Choose the best option
Establish the policy
Evaluation
Implement the policy
1. Policy processes are complex...
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Identify the policy you want to implement
Commission research
Massage the results
Media campaign
Establish the policy
Avoid evaluation
Implement the policy
1. Policy processes are complex...
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Monitoring and Evaluation
Agenda Setting Decision
Making
Policy Implementation
Policy Formulation
1. Policy processes are complex...
Researchers
Donors Cabinet
Parliament
Ministries
Private Sector
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1. Policy processes are complex...
“The whole life of policy is a chaos of purposes and accidents. It is not at all a matter of the rational implementation of the so-called decisions through selected strategies”
Clay & Schaffer (1984), Room for Manoeuvre: An Exploration of Public Policy in Agricultural and Rural Development, Heineman Educational Books, London
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2. Research plays a minor role
Kate Bird et al, Fracture Points in Social Policies for Chronic Poverty Reduction, ODI WP242, 2004 (http://www.odi.org.uk/publications/working_papers/wp242.pdf)
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2. Research plays a minor role
Vincent Cable – Lib. Democrat MP & Secretary
of State for Business Innovation & Skills
Policy makers practically incapable of using scientific evidence because of the 5 Ss:
Does Evidence Matter Meeting Series, ODI, London 2004
• Speed • Superficiality • Spin • Secrecy • Scientific Ignorance
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2. Research plays a minor role
ScientificEvidence
Experience & Expertise
Judgement
Resources
Values and Policy
Context
Habits & Tradition
Lobbyists & Pressure Groups
Pragmatics & Contingencies
Source: Phil Davies Impact to Insight Meeting, ODI, 2005
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2. Research plays a minor role
Source: Phil Davies Impact to Insight Meeting, ODI, 2005
• ‘Scientific’ (Context free)
• Proven empirically
• Theoretically driven
• As long as it takes
• Caveats and qualifications
Researchers
• Colloquial (Contextual)
• Anything that seems reasonable
• Policy relevant
• Timely
• Clear Message
Policy Makers
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3. But research can have huge impact
“The results of household disease surveys informed processes of health service reform which contributed to a 43 and 46 per cent reduction in infant mortality between 2000 and 2003 in two districts in rural Tanzania.”
TEHIP Project, Tanzania: www.idrc.ca/tehip
The Tanzania Integrated Health Improvement Project
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4. A holistic approach
The political context – political and economic structures and processes, culture, institutional pressures, incremental vs radical change etc.
The evidence – credibility, the degree it challenges received wisdom, research approaches and methodology, simplicity of the message, how it is packaged etc
External Influences Socio-economic and cultural influences, donor policies etc
The links between policy and research communities – networks, relationships, power, competing discourses, trust, knowledge etc.
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4. A holistic approach
External Influences
political context
evidence links
Politics and Policymaking
Media, Advocacy, Networking Research,
learning & thinking
Scientific information exchange & validation
Policy analysis, & research
Campaigning, Lobbying
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5. Be a policy entrepreneur
Researcher
Storyteller Networker
Fixer Engineer
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6. Do things differently
• focus more on policy • establish different incentives • establish different systems • spend more on communications • engage with different actors • produce different products • be ready to seize unexpected
policy opportunities and move very fast
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RAPID Outcome Mapping Approach
Identify interesting case studies
Collaborative research with local stakeholders
Identify key policy objectives / messages
Engage with key policy actors
Do the initial research
Help implement change
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RAPID Outcome Mapping Approach
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Transdisciplinarity
From: Lessons from deliberative public engagement work. Ajoy Datta ODI WP 338 2011
Policymakers
Practitioners
Communities
Rese
arch
ers
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Earthquakes without frontiers
Bam 2003; 30,000 killed out of 100,000 population
Vision
Comprehensive knowledge of the hazards and their context
Appropriate and effective pathways to resilience
A global partnership of people and organisations that can help
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EwF in China
What’s been done so far: • Mapping faults by CEA • Learning from the 2005
Sichuan EQ by China Social Work Research Centre
• Visit and meetings in Xi’an • Meeting in Beijing • Establishment of team and
country-coordinator • Mapping of faults
What will be done: • Recruit local researcher • Comparison of response in
2005 and 2013 by CEA • More mapping of faults
and SS research. • ‘Writeshop’ to gather
existing knowledge • Stakeholder meetings • Establishment of EQ
research centre
http://ewf.earth.ox.ac.uk
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Indonesia Knowledge Sector Initiative
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Indonesia Knowledge Sector Initiative
http://www.ausaid.gov.au /countries/eastasia/indonesia/Pages/initiative-knowledge-sector.aspx