korea [2009 vol. 12 no. 9]

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ISSN:2005-

2162

Opening a communicative spacebetween Korea and the world

The World RememberOld Korean Medicin

Hangeul Brings NewLife to Tribal Tongu

www.korea.

9SEPTEMBE

2009

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4 korea September 2009 September 2009 kore

06 62

SEPTEMBER 20

VOL. 13 / NO

PublisherKim He-beom,

Korean Culture and

Information Service

Chief EditorKo Hye-ryun

Editing & Printing

JoongAng Daily

E-mail

[email protected]

DesignJoongAng Daily

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may beeproduced in any form without permission from Korea

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The articles published in Korea do not necessarily rep-esent the views of the publisher. The publisher is notiable for errors or omissions.

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f you want to receive a free copy of Korea or wish tocancel a subscription, please e-mail us.A downloadable PDF file of Korea and a map and glos-sary with common Korean words appearing in our textare available by clicking on the thumbnail of Korea onhe homepage of www.korea.net.

Cover Photo

The 25-volume Dong-

uibogamrepresents

he height of ancientOriental medicine.

06 Cover Story UNESCO Honors Korean Medicines AncientAmbitions

18 News in Focus Turning a Notorious Debacle into Hope for theFuture

Lee hopes for thaw with North

22 Obituary A man whose name meant democracy

24 Diplomacy Trade Agreement Broadens Horizon for Korea andIndia

26 Global Korea 14 Volunteers Go Abroad to Bolster the HumanFamily

An Electricity Control Tower

Hangeul Brings New Life to Tribal Tongue

32 Green Growth Global Praise for Eco-Korea Panel Discusses Green Policy

UN Honors Green Strategy

35 Culture Korean Wave Goes Literal in Haeundae Haikus Elegant Cousin

A Global Bridge of Words

38Korean Literature

Park Wan-seo: Stripping naked our modernhypocrisy

42 Korean Artist Koreas Ambitious Phantom

44 Science & Tech Technology, Convenience, Culture on theSubway Rails

47 Hidden Champions Dogged Fighter Against Rotten Toothbrushes

48 Sports Taking Down the Champion Fierce Midfielder Is Youngest Korean to

Head to England

Korea Just Misses FIBA Berth

52 Travel The Luxuries of Time57 Korean Food Back to Basics, and Thank Buddha

The Secret to Family Cooking

59 People A Teenage Novelists Voyage A New Shade of Korean Leader

Blazing a Trail in Hollywood

Discovering Musical Joy in the Fields

66 Foreign viewpoints And Korea Transforms Yet Again:Alan Timblick

:11-1110073-00001 6-06

CONTENTS

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Cover Story | Korea, country of chronicl

UNESCO HonorsKorean Medicines

Ancient Ambitions

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Any Korean would be able totell you this much: Dongui-bogam is an old book on dis-eases and cures, and its

author is Heo Jun, a royal doctor duringthe Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910).

But the details may be fuzzy forsome. The book is in fact a 25-volume

encyclopedia written in 1613, a compi-lation of all the Eastern medical prin-

ciples and practices of the time.Still, theres no doubt that,

in Korea at least, Donguibog-am is one of the lucky fewbooks to enjoy high name rec-

ognition even though those whowrote it are long dead, the paper has

discolored and the binding has wornout.And as of July 31, this ancient collection

is no longer exclusively a Korean treasure,with the Korean Cultural Heritage Administra-

tion announcing that UNESCO has added theDonguibogam to its Memory of the World Reg-ister.

There have even been novels and dramasbased on the story of this famous book and itsequally well-known author. A variety of editionsare still available, with explanatory tomes andWeb sites helping keep the encyclopedias legacyalive.

And since 1991, Donguibogam has enjoyedmore than simple name recognition. In that yearthe Korean government designated the bookKoreas National Treasure No. 1,085, endowingthe book, if belatedly, with the official status itdeserves.

The original copy from the 17th century iscurrently under the care of two different organi-

zations: the National Library of Korea and the

Academy of Korean Studies.The content of the book is easy to under-

stand, and sometimes quite specific.One section on internal diseases reads,

When people undergo significant emotionaltrauma, they may experience weakened heart,nausea and anxiety. If those symptoms continuefor a long time, they could develop into amnesia.To cure amnesia, one should prescribe insing-wisadan, which is made of cows gall bladder.

Another chapter, on somatology, suggests anaffordable cure for stiffness of the neck.

Stiffness of the neck, front or back, is oftencaused by humidity in the body. A Chinesequince is effective when you cannot move yourneck due to tensed muscles, it reads.

Discussions of folk remedies also abound inthe volumes. Inducing vomiting is one of theoldest medical practices. Renowned doctorsfrom long ago have used it, along with inducingsweating and diarrhea. For patients in the earlystages of disease, one should induce vomiting.But for patients in advanced stages of disease orfor those who are old, weak and frail, do notinduce vomiting.

Along with the Donguibogam, the UnitedNations Educational, Scientific and CulturalOrganization added 34 pieces of documentaryheritage to its list in the ninth meeting of theUNESCO International Advisory Committee inBridgetown, Barbados, held from July 29 to 31.

The documents honored include AnneFranks diaries from the Netherlands, the MagnaCarta from Britain and the Song of the Nibel-ungs from Germany, a heroic poem from medi-aeval Europe and the basis for the famous oper-atic cycle by Richard Wagner.

UNESCOs Memory of the World Regis-ter seeks to preserve documents and library

collections from around the world. ItsInternational Advisory Committee meetsevery two years to assess nominations.

Other selections on the list include theVienna City Librarys Schubert collection,the manuscripts and correspondence ofHans Christian Andersen from Denmarkand the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. The lat-est additions bring the total registered on the

Memory of the World Register to 193 pieces orcollections from 83 countries.

According to officials at the Korean NationalCommission for UNESCO, UNESCO showedits high regard for the Donguibogam as the com-pilation of all medical philosophies and treat-ments in East Asia at the time, mostly in Chi-na.

Along with the Ministry for Health, Welfareand Family Affairs; the Cultural Heritage Admin-istration, and oriental medicine experts, theKorean National Commission for UNESCO hasworked since 2007 to promote the medical bookfor inclusion on the esteemed list.

The Donguibogam contains informationbroken up into five categories: internal diseases,external diseases and somatology, miscellaneousdiseases in gynecology and pediatrics, medicinaldecoction (extracting chemicals from mostlyplants through boiling) and acupuncture.

Officials at the Korean National Commis-sion for UNESCO also noted that the UN agen-cy praised the Donguibogam for reflecting thestates determination to document the principlesof preventive medicine and establish a publichealth care system, ideas that in 1613 were cen-turies ahead of their time.

Its true: The publication of the Donguibog-am was a state-sponsored project in fact quitea costly and drawn-out one.

It was King Seonjo (1552-1608),Joseons 14th monarch, who orderedHeo Jun (1539-1615) to write thebook. The death of people aroundthe king, including his own chil-dren, to infectious diseases incur-able at the time drove him to pursuesolutions, so Seonjo collected agroup of intellectuals to work forHeo, in what would be todays ver-sion of a government committee ortask force.

According to historical records,their work consumed a great deal oftime, materials and money even bytodays standards.

The compilation alone tookmore than 10 years. Three moreyears were needed to engrave thetext on wood blocks and print it formass distribution. Experts estimatethe work wouldve cost tens of bil-lions of won, or tens of millions ofdollars, in todays money.

Though King Sejong the Great(1397-1450) had introduced aunique Korean writing system,Hangeul, around 1443, Chinesecharacters still dominated Korean academia andliterature, and Heo wrote Donguibogam in thatalphabet, known here as hanmun.

Yet three of the 25 volumes in the Dongui-bogam were translated into Hangul, a processthat experts believe took place in the mid-19thcentury judging from the books grammaticalcharacteristics. In fact, there seems to have beenan effort to translate all 25 parts into Korean, butfor some reason the project was never complet-ed. These three Hangeul tomes are now histori-

cal artifacts in their own right, kept at the Acad-emy of Korean Studies.

But the addition of the Donguibogam to theUNESCO register was not without controversy.

Choi Yeong-ho, an official with the WelfareMinistry who attended the IAC meeting in Bar-bados, said China was watching the processclosely. He even said there was a possibility thatcountry might raise objections about the sources

The Donguibogam not only outlines themost advanced Eastern medicaltechniques of the time, it also showcasesplans for a Korean public health system.

From top, an 18th-

century edition o the

Donguibogam rom

Japan; a 20th century

version rom China,

and a 19th-century

edition in the Korean

langauge

Donguibogam, a

comprehensive medi-

cal book, is made up

o fve categories:

internal diseases,

external diseases and

somatology, other

diseases in gynecol-

ogy and pediatrics,

medicinal decoction

and acupuncture.

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10 korea September 2009 September 2009 korea


Heo Jun is perhaps the most well-knowndoctor in all of Korean history.

The story of his life is dramatic particu-larly the time and energy he expended authoringthe Donguibogam , deemed his biggest achieve-ment. The drama surrounding it has often beenthe inspiration for novels and television shows.(Of course, these adaptations often ratchet upthe conflict for entertainments sake.)

Heo was born in 1539 in Yangcheon County,Gyeonggi Province today Deungchon-dong,western Seoul. His father, Heo Ron, was a mili-tary officer working for the government. Hismother, a concubine known only as Kim, camefrom Yeonggwang, a county in South Jeolla.

During the Joseon Dynasty, children of con-cubines were often ostracized, experiencing dis-crimination in everyday life and seeing theircareer choices sharply limited. Heo Jun wasprobably no exception part of what makes his

life story so appealing to people today.The genealogical records of the Heo family

indicates that Heo Jun passed the state medicalexam in 1574, although its uncertain when andhow he became interested in that field. Heobecame a doctor at the royal court some timeafter. Yu Hee-chun (1513-1577), a prominentscholar of the mid-Joseon era, recommendedHeo to the government, records show.

Along with other royal doctors, Heo was incharge of the health and well-being of KingSeonjo, and it seems he did his job well. In 1592,when the Japanese invaded, beginning the ImjinWar, Seonjo took refuge in Uiju, in todays NorthKorea, Heo stayed right beside the king, caringfor him. In 1596, Heo cured Seonjos son, Gwang-haegun (1608-1623), of some kind of illness. The

Annals of the Joseon Dynasty record that Heo wasrewarded several times for these feats.

Heo had certainly earned the kings trust. In1596, Seonjo ordered Heo to author an extensivecollection of medical books, vowing his full sup-port. But the work was delayed as the Imjin Wardragged on, and all seemed lost when Seonjodied and Heo was exiled as a result.

In the novel Donguibogam , Lee Eun-seongwrites that Heos mentor was a man named YuUi-tae. The part people remember most aboutthis novel is how Yu later gets cancer and makes

Heo conduct an autopsy of his body after death,in what the novel posits as one of Koreas first.

Although this would be quite striking if itwere true, historians say that Yu is a fictitiouscharacter and that the author seems to have usedYu I-tae, also a prominent royal doctor of Joseon,as the inspirati on for him. The actual Yu is knownto have lived some time between the 17th and18th centuries, decades after Heo died.

A Joseon DoctorBraving War andExile

Heo Jun is one o the most renowned

doctors in Korean history.

behind the book, or claim larger ownership ofEastern medical principles and practices.

After all, the Donguibogam was a compila-tion of the traditional medical philosophies andtreatments in all of East Asia at the time, andthese particularly prospered in China. In fact,the Korean encyclopedia used some 80 Chinesemedical books as references.

An official with the Korean National Com-mission for UNESCO also said that most of thework to add the Donguibogam to the UNESCOlist were done in a low-key manner so as to avoidany confrontations with China.

Park Seok-jun, the director of the EasternMedicine Science Research Institute, argues thatalthough Heo Jun did use Chinese medical booksas sources, his work was certainly original tosome extent, and that the prescriptions and

medicinal ingredients weremodified to fit the local climateand the physical constitution ofKoreans.

Also, over the centuries theDonguibogam has been asteady seller in neighboringcountries like China and Japan,republished on numerousoccasions in those countries further testament to its value.

While China and Koreaargued over who could claim tohave originated the techniquesin the book, another contro-

versy erupted around the valid-ity of those techniques them-selves. Oriental and Westernmedicine have conflicted fordecades, of course, and shortlyafter the Donguibogams

inscription to the UNESCOlist, the Korean Medical Asso-ciation released a statementthat the registration did notmean that the world hadacknowledged Oriental medi-cine as scientific. The listingrecognizes the book as part ofKoreas documentary heritage,

not for its scientific value.The association cited the inclusion in the

book of what it calls nonsensical medical prac-tices like becoming invisible, how to seeghosts, and how to change a fetus from a girl toa boy.

Kim Nam-il, an Oriental medicine professorat Kyung Hee University, called for those oddsections to be understood in a cultural contextand not a medical one. He responded that it wasunlikely that Heo actually believed in thosemethods, instead including them in an effort togive hope to desperate patients. Of course, suchan assertion is hard to prove.

Regardless of UNESCOs intentions, the list-ing of the Donguibogam has boosted efforts bythe Korean government and local businesses topromote Koreas traditional medicine.

In 2006, the Korea Institute of Oriental Med-icine set up a committee to commemorate theupcoming 400th anniversary of the Donguibo-gam, and has been working on translating thetext of the ancient medical book into English.

Work on the English translation is about 25percent done. We cannot be sure when it will becompleted, though, said Kim Seung-eon, amember of the committee. We are also uncer-tain as to how we will introduce the English-language Donguibogam to the world whetherin publication, on the Web or in some othermedium. In that sense we have a lot of workahead of us.

Come 2013, when the anniversary arrives,the committee will also host the inaugural Inter-national Oriental Medicine Expo. The NationalLibrary of Korea, meanwhile, says it will hold aspecial exhibition on the Dong-uibogam in Sep-tember along with some academic forums.

UNESCO has accepted seven Korean trea-

sures onto its Memory of the World Register.They include the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty,the Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty, andthe woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana.

The country has the sixth-highest number ofitems on the list in the world, and the most inAsia. Germany has the most items on the registeroverall, followed by Austria and Russia.

By Kim Hyung-eun

Although Heo Jun

used Chinese medical

books as reerence,

he modifed the

prescription and

medicinal ingredients

to beft Koreans

physical constitution

and local climate.

[Joo

ngAngIlbo]

[JoongAngIlbo]

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This manuscript, published in 1446, first pro-mulgated the Korean alphabet, Hangul,devised during the reign of King Sejong(1418-1450), the fourth king of the Joseon

Dynasty (1392-1910), and completed in 1443. It wasinscribed on the Memory of the World Register byUNESCO in 1997.

The name Hangeul, a combination ofhan, mean-ing the Korean people, and geul, meaning letters,was given to the alphabet only in the early 20th cen-tury. The creator, King Sejong, was concerned thatChinese characters, which were widely used by Kore-ans at the time, were too difficult to learn. After all,they were designed to fit Chinese, a language com-pletely different structurally from Korean.

Hunmin jeongeum means proper sounds toinstruct the people. The version in this book consistsof 28 letters, but todays Hangeul has 24. The kinghoped, in creating it, to develop an orthography thatperfectly represented the Korean language.

King Sejong himself wrote a preface clarifying theorigin and purpose of the new alphabet and givingbrief examples and explanations of each of its letters,while he had the scholars at the Jiphyeonjeon, or Hallof Worthies, give detailed explanations and exam-ples.

The exact date of the publication of the Hunmin-jeongum is not clear. But in the annals of King Sejong,it is noted that the book was published in the ninthlunar month of 1446. This date was later converted tothe solar date Oct. 9 and designated Hangeul Day.

Another edition of the Hunminjeongum, whichcontains haerye, or commentaries, published about550 years ago, was long thought to have been lost, buta copy was found by chance in 1940 in an old house in

Andong, North Gyeongsang Province, and is pres-ently kept at the Gansong Art Museum in Seoul. In1958, it was designated a national treasure.

This book consists of two parts. Part one is themain text written by Sejong himself. It contains thepreface and explains the purpose of the new letters. Italso presents the 28 letters 17 consonants and 11

vowels and the way they are combined to make upKorean syllables. Part two, written by the scholars ofthe Jiphyeonjeon, contains the commentaries.

By Limb Jae-un

The Hunminjeongeum Manuscript

Of AncientGods andGovernments

In addition to Donguibogam: Principles and Practice ofEastern Medicine, which was added to UNESCOs Memory ofthe World Register on July 31, there are six other pieces ofKorean heritage honored by the organization. They are: thewood blocks of the Tripitaka Koreana and miscellaneous Bud-dhist scriptures (2007); Uigwe: The Royal Protocols of the JoseonDynasty (2007); the second volume ofBaegun hwasang chorokbuljo jikji simche yojeol or The Anthology of Great BuddhistPriests Zen Teachings (2001); Seungjeongwon Ilgi, or The Dia-ries of the Royal Secretariat (2001); The Annals of the JoseonDynasty (1997); and the manuscript of the Hunmin Chongum(1997).

ProvidedbyCulturalHeritageAdministration

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Seungjeongwon, the Royal Secretariat of the JoseonDynasty (1392-1910), was in charge of not onlyimportant national events but also simple routineceremonies as well. This office was responsible

for keeping the Seungjeongwon Ilgi, the Diaries of theRoyal Secretariat, a detailed record of daily events andofficial court schedules from the Joseon Dynastys firstking, Taejo, to its last, Sunjong. Today 3,243 diaries stillexist, which may seem like a lot but its a small numbercompared to the number that were originally written.

As the most extensive historical records kept at thetime, the diaries from the late 19th century

and the early 20th century pro-vide an invaluable look at

how Western influencefirst found its way into

the Joseon Dynasty.Many of the diaries

were destroyed in war andfire, or deliberately burnedby the Japanese, but some of

these have been restored.The diaries offer a look at

how old Korea collected historical data and stored statesecrets, but also served a different purpose to remindtheir descendants of the importance of preserving Koreashistory. The Seungjeongwon Ilgi, usually written by sixsecretaries and two scribes, is a vivid depiction of an East-ern monarchy, with its politics, policy making, and powerstructure, while at the same time being unique pieces ofdocumentary culture. The size of the Seungjeongwon Ilgiis also unprecedented.

The existence of these diaries is significant becausethey served as the primary source for the Annals of the

Joseon Dynasty, making its value as great or even greater

than that of the Annals themselves. It also makes possiblethe accurate comparison of lunar and solar dates, meaningit even has scientific and statistical value. The books weredesignated National Treasure No. 393 in 1999 and listedon the Memory of the World Register in 2001.

The original Seungjeongwon Ilgi is housed in theGyujanggak Library at Seoul National University, andpublic viewing is not allowed. But 141 photocopies havebeen compiled by the National History CompilationCommittee and are available for public reference.

By Yim Seoung-hye

The Goryeo Daejanggyeong, which meansGoryeo Dynasty Tripitaka, most commonlyknown as the Tripitaka Koreana, is a Koreancollection of Buddhist scriptures that has exist-

ed since the 13th century. UNESCO launched the Mem-ory of the World Program in 1997, calling for the preser-

vation of valuable archival holdings and library collectionsall over the world, and the Tripitaka is undoubtedly one ofKoreas most important.

Tripitaka means Three Baskets, and Daejanggyeongin Korean refers to a collection of Buddhist scriptures. It

was commissioned under the Goryeo Dynasty (A.D. 918-1392) and consists of 81,258 wooden printing blocks. Cur-rently, it can be found at the Haeinsa (Haein Temple)monastery in southwestern Korea.

When Buddhism was first transmitted to East Asiathrough China, its scriptures were translated from variousIndian and Central Asian languages to classical Chinese.Although there were several attempts by numerous coun-tries to inscribe them in wooden printing blocks for dis-tribution, the Tripitaka Koreana remains the only com-plete canon still extant on the mainland of Asia. In addi-

tion to the Tripitaka, there are 5,987 miscellaneous woodblocks that were stored at the Haeinsa monastery and werepresented as supplements to the Tripitaka.

The woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana possessundoubtable cultural value and represent the best avail-able printing and publishing techniques of the period.They are highly valued for their systematically preparedblocks and beautiful inscriptions. The pieces have enduredfor centuries, allowing paper scriptures to be producedfrom them continuously.

Over many generations, the woodblocks of the Tripi-

taka Koreana were used as an outline of Buddhism itself,compiling scriptures, commentaries and history.

These sacred collections have enabled many scholarsto carry out extensive research and make new discover-ies.

Even today, Haein Temple prints copies from thesewoodblocks to distribute them whenever the need arisesfor research or education. Accordingly, Haeinsa hasbecome the main locus for traditional Buddhist educationin Korea, a center for the preservation of knowledge andscholastic research. By Hyon Mi-kyung

Baegun hwasang chorok buljo jikji simche yojeol(Jikji for short) explains the essentials of ZenBuddhism. It was compiled by the priest Bae-gun in the late Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392).

The teachings of great priests were carefully selectedfor this book, to allow anyone to learn the core of Zenteachings. Jikji originally came in two volumes, but thefirst no longer exists. The second is preserved in theNational Library of France. An inscription on the lastpage indicates Jikji was printed in July 1377, about 70 yearsearlier than the Gutenberg Bible in Germany.

While some earlier examples are mentioned in Koreanhistory, Jikji is now the worlds oldest existing book print-ed with movable metal type. Partly for this reason, it wasinscribed on the Memory of the World register in 2001.

Jikji was printed by Baeguns students, Seokchan andDaldam, under the auspices of Myodeok, a nun, atHeungdeok Temple in present-day Cheongju, NorthChungcheong Province. The tome contains historicalbiographies meant to be studied by student monks afterthey had attained the wisdom necessary to understand theessence of Zen, including the Buddhas sayings from his

last moments. Literature is also included, and 145 priestsand monks from India, China and Korea are mentioned.

The key words of the books title, jikji simche, werederived from the famous phrase, Jikji insim gyeonseongseongbul, meaning the attainment of an enlightened stateby direct appeal to the mind. The idea was that when onecomes to see through Zen what the mind is, then one comesto understand that mind to be that of the Buddha.

By Limb Jae-un

Jikji: Teachings of Korean Buddhism

Seungjeongwon Ilgi: The Diaries of the Royal Secretariat

The Goryeo Daejanggyeong

Tripitaka Koreana, which consist o

more than 81,000 wooden printing

blocks, is kept at Haeinsa Monastry.



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During the 500-year Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), Confucian rites and rituals were high-ly regarded. Therefore it was crucial to docu-ment the specific procedures, protocols, for-

malities and requirements needed to conduct importantceremonies such as weddings, funerals, and banquets,along with the details of the construction of royal build-ings and tombs as well as the various other cultural activ-

ities of the royal family.This obsession of the Joseon Dynasty with compiling

records of its accomplishments led to the production ofthe book known as Uigwe, a collection of royal protocolsthat later generations could use as a guide to reproducingofficial ceremonies.

Selected for the UNESCO Memory of the World listin June 2007, Uigwe comprises over 3,895 books uniquelycategorized by time and theme. The collection is current-ly kept at the Institute of Korean Studies in Seoul Nation-al University and the Academy of Korean Studies.

The value of Uigwe has been recognized not onlyamong Koreans but also in the wider world because thecollection made it possible for people to understand thechanges that took place over time in royal ceremonies andallowed for detailed comparisons with other contempora-neous East Asian cultures.

What makes the Uigwe especially valuable is its irre-placeability. Most of the volumes were hand-transcribed

by professionals. Even if the content was the same, eachcopy of the Uigwe is one-of-a-kind. Of course, access tothe originals is strictly limited. In fact, the general publichas never been permitted to see the original Uigwe. Thestack room where the Uigwe is stored is equipped withelaborate anti-theft systems and facilities to prevent dam-age in natural disasters.

But Uigwe has been carefully photographed on micro-film, and the public can enjoy free access to these repro-ductions at their convenience through the Web sites of thecustodian organizations. By Yim Seoung-hye

This collection covers the over 472-year historyof the Joseon Dynasty, from the reign of itsfounder King Taejo from 1392-1398 to thereign of King Choljong from 1849-1863.

The annals comprise a whopping 1,893 volumes, andare believed to cover a longer period than any other col-lection of records regarding a single dynasty in history.The corresponding annals for the Chinese Ming dynasty

record only 260 years and the reigns of 13 emperors, whilethose for the Qing cover 296 years.

The Joseon collection is also one of the most exhaus-tive in the world.

The Great Authentic Annals of Vietnam, recording thehistory of the Nguyen Dynasty (1802-1945), consists of548 books. At 2,964 volumes, the Ming Dynasty annalssurpass the Joseons in number, but each volume is thin-ner, and where the former has 16 million characters, thelatter has 64 million. The Annals of the Great Qing Dynas-ty are composed of 4,404 books and make up the worlds

largest historicaldocument in num-bers of volumes,but it includes thesame content inthree different lan-guages: Manchu-rian, Chinese and

Mongolian. TheJapanese Sandai

Jitsuroku is smallin comparison.

To broaden public access to the annals, the Koreangovernment had them translated into Korean from theoriginal Chinese. After 26 years of effort, the Korean edi-tion was completed in 1993. A CD-ROM version wasmade in 1995, and this work has rapidly popularized theannals in Korea as well as in the broader global scholarlycommunity. By Limb Jae-un

Uigwe: The Royal Protocols of the Joseon Dynasty The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty

The Annals of the Joseon Dynastywas

kept at our libraries in dierent places

or saety reasons. One, pictured above,

was at Mount Odae.



[JoongAngIlbo]

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News in Foc

[NEWSIS]

18 korea September 2009

This aerial view o the Sinsi Island foodgate

and the Saemangeum tidal embankment was

taken Aug. 10 rom a helicopter.

The Lee admin-istration has

plans to trans-form the Sae-mangeum proj-ect, dogged bydelays andbudget over-runs, into aJeolla renais-sance

Turning a Notorious Debacleinto Hope for the Future

The Lee Myung-bak administra-tion has finalized an ambitiousdevelopment plan for the Sae-mangeum reclamation site

along the nations southwestern coast,shifting the direction of land use fromagriculture to a wide range of industrial,ecological and tourist programs with anaim to build a world-class waterfrontcity.

In a meeting hosted by Prime Minis-ter Han Seung-soo on July 23, the gov-ernment adopted a new master plan forthe project, which has been plagued bybudget and environmental problems foryears.

Construction began at Saemangeumin 1991, aimed at building a 33-ki lometer(20.5-mile) embankment to form a tidalflat of 28,300 hectares (69,930 acres) anda reservoir of 11,800 hectares, but the fateof the site was left up in the air after fierc eprotests by environmentalists. Aftermore than four-and-a-half years of courtbattles, the Supreme Court ruled in 2006that the government could continue themulti-trillion-won (multi-billion-dollar)project.

Saemangeum is a development pro-gram on an enormous scale that requires

50-year and 100-year plans, said KwonTae-shin at the Prime Ministers Office.We will begin with building a world-class city and further details will be final-ized before the end of this year by listen-ing to experts at home and abroad andcollecting public opinion.

According to the government, themaster plan includes eight multipurposedevelopment programs, including con-struction of a new city. Although the ini-tial plan called for the use of 70 percentof the 28,300 hectares for farming, the

Lee administration has reduced that amount to justpercent.

The government said 23.8 percent of the Saemageum land, near the center of the site, will be developinto a new world-class city based on the exampleswaterfront cities such as Amsterdam and Venice.

The administration now hopes to finalize a desifor the city, which will be developed as a tourist, intnational business and foreign investment hub, befothe end of this year.

According to the Saemangeum Project Office, thdesigns are currently being considered, and the comption of the new city is scheduled for 2020.

The three alternatives were presented by the Ladministration in July. The first design, tit led Sha-RCity, involves three urban blocs radiating out fromlake at the center, symbolizing Koreas white porceland clean water, the government explained. The thblocks will each have distinct functions.

The second alternative is the Full Moon City. TLee administration said the design was meant to reflSaemangeums transformation, just like the changshape of the moon from a crescent to a shining orb. Touter part of the city will be designed to resemble former shape, while the inner part of the city willbased on the patterns of Koreas traditional windframes. The master plan also looks similar to a semicoductor wafer, one of Koreas key export products.

The third design, Delta City, takes into account existing underwater terrain. With a lower-depth area

be located at the center, this city would look like a g roof islets. A development axis would be created to conect the city to the sea, the government said, in orderstrengthen the connection between the two and fosgrowth.

We will survey experts at home and abroad abtheir opinions on the three design alternatives. We walso hold public discussions and symposiums to collopinions to modify the designs before making a fidecision, the Lee administration said in a prrelease.

With a plan to build a waterfront city, the govement decided that the water quality at the site should

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News in Foc

Top to bottom, the design o the Sha-Ring City, the design

o the Full Moon City and the design o the Delta City

improved. Initially the plan called for ag ricultural water, butnow Lee hopes to produce water suitable for tourism, leisureand residential buildings. The specifics of the water qualityproject will be finalized by the end of this year, the Saeman-geum Project Office said.

The Environmental Ministry will take the lead in ironingout the specifics, accordi ng to the office, in order to ensure theecological preservation of the site.

Under the new blueprint, 3,900 hectares will be used forindustrial facilities while another 2,490 hectares will be usedfor tourism and leisure programs. The administration said5,950 hectares of land will be used for ecological parkland, andscience and research facilities will be built on another 2,300hectares.

The master plan also calls for an international businesshub and the construction of the n ew city. Another 2,030 hect-ares of land will be used for an energy recycling project.

With five key construction projects, the government final-ly hopes to resolve the nations concerns about the slow prog-ress at Saemangeum.

Reclamation of 100 hectares to begin development of thenew city called the Gateway Project is the top priority.The government said it will come up with plans to attractinvestment and begin reclamation as soon as possible.

The second project is the development of multi-purposeland near the tidal embankment. Reclamation of the 200 hect-ares along the embankment will be finished before the end ofthis year, and the government will raise the level of the roadsalong another embankment by 2010 in order to spur develop-ment in the region.

Using a budget of 698.8 billion won ($561 million), thegovernment will finish developing the 200 hectares first as atourist venue, with construction to be completed next year.

Ground will be broken on a 8.77-kilometer bridge linkingthe islands off Gunsan, North Jeolla Province, to Saemange-um will take place this year. The bridge will cost 257.6 billionwon.

The Lee administration also pledged to complete a surveybefore the end of this year to assess the amount of soil neededfor the reclamation project and come up with a financiallyefficient plan.

The fourth of the key tasks will be the construction offlood control embankments, and last, but not least, comes the

preparation of a 10-year plan to improve the Mangyeong andDongjin rivers and begin a water management program start-ing in 2011.

The government said it will prepare a new public affairsstrategy to promote the Saemangeum projec t to the world andattract foreign investment. An international symposium andpromotion of the project in global media are being consid-ered.

The Lee administration pledged that the developmentprogram will be environmentally friendly. Under the nationsstrategy of low-carbon green growth, environmentally friend-ly transportation systems and renewable energy will be usedto build this new city, the government said. By Ser Myo-ja

South Korean President Lee Myung-bak took the 64thanniversary of Koreas liberation from Japanese rule onAug. 15 as an opportunity to urge North Korea to for-sake its nuclear ambitions, proposing the two Koreas

resume nuclear dialogue. He pledged various incentives if theNorth does so.

Nuclear weapons only aggravate the Norths future, insteadof promising the countrys safety, he said in an address at theannual ceremony held at the Sejong Arts Center near Gwangh-wamun, central Seoul. I hope North Korea will find ways toprotect itself and bring prosperity to both the North and theSouth. If North Korea shows such resolution, the South Koreangovernment will proceed with a new peace plan for the KoreanPeninsula.

The president said such a program could involve interna-

tional efforts to help North Koreas economy develop and dra-matically improve living standards.

Lee carefully emphasized, however, that such incentiveswould be offered only if the North stops pursuing a nuclear pro-gram. The presidents remarks came at a time when there havebeen glimmers of hope for improved inter-Korean relations,which had been stalled since nuclear and missile tests by theNorth. Former U.S. President Bill Clinton made a trip to theNorth recently and met with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il ina successful bid to free two U.S. journalists.

President Lee also presented proposals on domestic affairs inthe speech. He said the government plans to reform the electionsystem and administrative programs to root out long-standing

regionalism, referring to the emotional feuds between peofrom the Gyeongsang and Jeolla provinces, and Koreans tedency to favor those who share their geographical origins.

At the root of Koreas unproductive politics is regionalismLee said, Under the c urrent electoral system, you cant get awfrom regionalism. The old administrative districts that wformed more than 100 years ago are intensifying regionalism ahindering effective regional development.

He said that the National Assembly session next month wdiscuss the details, adding that the government intends to exdite reform by giving support to distric ts that decide to consdate.

Lee also emphasized clean politics.I believe the key to making our politics meet world sta

dards is in making them more transparent and productive. I

true that transparency has inc reased in this field throughout years. But we still have a long way to go, he said.

Lee said he was the first Korean presidential candidate eto receive no illegal money from corp orations, ending the vicicycle that had dominated Korean politics, and he again pledgthat he would never take any illegal funds. The president apromised not to tolerate any special favors for his relatives, ato make sure that this pledge is carried out by reinforcing supervisory system.

Special attention will be given to eradicating corruption tinvolves abuses of power and corruptive practices that have beestablished as the norm in certain regions, the president said

By Seo Ji-

President also pledges to end regionalism, corruption in annual speech

Lee hopes for thaw with North

President Lee Myung-

delivered his Liberation D

speech Aug. 15 at the

jong Arts Center in ce

Seoul.[NEWSIS]

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Obitua

[KPPA]

[NEWSIS]

Top, mourners line the procession route as the funeral

cortege of the late former President Kim Dae-jung reaches

Seoul Plaza in front of City Hall in downtown Seoul on Aug.

23, following rites at the national Assembly in Yeouido,

western Seoul. Above, a portrait of the former president

pays tribute to his memory.

building about five minutes before the service began at 2 p.m. Folloing the national anthem and a moment of silence, a personal histof Kim was recited. Then Prime Minister Han Seung-soo, head of committee organizing the funeral, delivered the memorial addres

In his speech, Han called Kim one of the greatest leaders in moern Korean history, recognized both here and in the internatiocommunity.

President Kim dedicated his whole life to realizing democrapeace and the reconciliation of the people, Han said. We shouhonor his last wishes and strive to overcome differences in regioideologies and generations.

In an emotional eulogy, Park Young-sook, a political contemprary of Kims, called the name Kim Dae-jung synonymous wdemocracy and said the former president left a lasting legacy with pursuit of forgiveness and reconciliation.

After the funeral rites and the playing of a video clip looking baon Kims life and career, Lee Hee-ho, the former first lady, stepptoward Kims portrait. She was joined by the other surviving membof the family in laying down flowers.

President Lee Myung-bak and First Lady Kim Yoon-ok were nto pay their respects. Former presidents Chun Doo Hwan and KYoung-sam and the former first lady Kwon Yang-sook, widow of tdeceased former President Roh Moo-hyun, also took their turns hooring Kim Dae-jung.

A childrens choir sang Our Wish, a Korean song about prayfor peaceful reunification of the Koreas. It was a favorite of Kims, aduring the historic summit between him and Kim Jong-il in 20officials from the two Koreas held hands and sang it at dinner.

Kims political contemporaries from South Koreas allies extendtheir condolences on the day of the funeral. Madeleine Albright, wwas the U.S. Secretary of State during Kims tenure, arrived in Kothe evening before the funeral and attended it. Joining Albright wYohei Kono, Japanese foreign minister during the Kim administtion, and Tang Jiaxuan, Chinas foreign minister from 1998 to 2003

Soldiers fired their rifles in a salute to signal the end of the serviand the hearse left the National Assembly and headed for Kims fomer residence in Dongg yo-dong, western Seoul. The choir from KiCatholic parish met the procession as it reached the home.

The hearse then moved through the streets of Gwanghwamun areached the plaza at Seoul City Hall, where hundreds of citizens aDemocratic Party officials had taken part in separate rites to remember Kim. The procession reached its final destination, the SeoNational Cemetery in Dongjak-dong, southern Seoul, at 4:50 p

Kim was buried in a plot near tombs of two other former presidenSyngman Rhee and Park Chung Hee as more rites were conducwith family members and close political aides.

In the days leading up to the funeral, the organizers had said thwould not allow street rites, or noje, so that Kim would be honoreda respectful manner. Lee Hee-ho, the former first lady, also asked a modest ceremony.

On the day of the funeral, the North Korean delegation that hvisited Seoul to pay their respects to Kim had a 30-minute meetwith South Korean President Lee Myung-bak. No details were ndisclosed, with Cheong Wa Dae saying only that the two sides talkof improving relations, but it was the latest sign of a thaw and pehaps a fitting tribute to the deceased president. By Yoo Jee

Asolemn Korea bid farewell to thelate President Kim Dae-jung ina state funeral service on Aug.23, remembering a champion of

democracy and peace.Kim passed away Aug. 18 at age 85 due

to complications from pneumonia. He

served as president from 1998 to 2003. Itwas only the second state funeral in Koreanhistory. Former President Park Chung Heewas accorded the first state service in 1979,when he was assassinated while in office.

The service for Kim took place at theNational Assembly in western Seoul, thesame place where he was sworn in as presi-dent 11 years ago. About 24,000 politicalfigures and friends and relatives of Kimendured the summer heat to pay respects tothe 2000 Nobel Peace Prize winner.

The hearse entered the parliamentary

A man whosename meant

democracyDignitaries come from across Koreaand the world to pay their respectsafter death of President Kim Dae-jung(1924-2009)

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Diploma

Its a historic day today, said KimJong-hoon, Koreas Trade Minis-ter, on Aug. 7 after signing theKorea-India Comprehensive

Economic Partnership Agreement, or CEPA,with his Indian counterpart, Commerce andIndustry Minister Anand Sharma.

Bilateral relations will be further solidified,and the CEPA sends signals to the world thatthe two countries are committed to free trade,he said at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs andTrade building in central Seoul, adding thatKorea will have a chance at access to one-sixthof the global market.

Under the CEPA, which took three years ofnegotiations to finalize, Korea and India willeliminate or cut back tariffs on most goods overthe next 10 years. The pact is similar in essenceto the free trade agreements Korea has signedwith the United States and other trading part-ners, but phases out tariffs more slowly.

The deal is the first of its kind betweenKorea, Asias fourth-largest economy, and amember of the BRICs group of fast-growingdeveloping economies comprised of Brazil,Russia, India and China. The pact is expectedto open the Indian market, with a population of1.2 billion people, to Korean companies. As oflast year, Indias GDP totaled $1.2 trillion, mak-ing it the 12th-biggest economy in the world.

Economic ties between the two countrieshave great potential to grow in the future, Indi-an minister Sharma said, noting that bilateraltrade may double over the next 10 years.

Thats what we will be aiming at, he said.This is just the beginning.

After the accord takes effect in Januarynext year if the National Assembly ratifies it asplanned Korea will phase out or reduce tar-

iffs on 90 percent of Indian goods over 10 years.India will eliminate or cut tariffs on 85 percentof Korean goods within the same p eriod.

Tariffs on Korean auto parts, the nationsbiggest trade item, are to be reduced to as lowas 1 percent over an eight-year period from thecurrent average of 12.5 percent. But both sidesagreed to exclude fish and some agriculturalproducts, including dairy, beef, and pork, fromtariff concessions.

In the service sector, India agreed to openits telecom, accounting, medical and advertis-ing markets to Koran companies, while keeping

mining restricted. Korean lenders will alsoallowed to open branches in India.

Korea will be able to invest in food proceing, textiles, garments, chemicals, metals amachinery, according to the Foreign Miniswhich in the long run will encourage local bunesses to take a chance on the subcontinent

Experts predict that makers of auto compnents, steel and machinery will benefit mfrom the agreement. Korean companies alreaexport in large numbers to India, but furthgrowth has been stymied by high duties.

Korean firms sold $1.13 billion in car pato India as of last year, but 12.5 percent was lto tariffs. Under the agreement, those dutwill decrease to between 1 and 5 percent ovthe next eight years.

[The CEPA] provides strong momentto strengthen economic ties between Indand Korean businesses, said Sohn Kyung-shchairman of the Korea Chamber of Commeand Industry, at a luncheon at the MillenniSeoul Hilton in downtown Seoul after the trapact was signed.

This agreement will provide an institional framework to enhance mutual coopetion in trade and investment and new businopportunities, Sohn said, noting Koreinvestment in India has branched out from manufacturing sector into service industrsuch as retail and financial services.

Many Korean companies such as Poand Hyundai contributed to Indias economgrowth. I hope companies of the two countrinvest more in each other, commented Sharat the luncheon. Sharma made special noteinvestment in technology and agriculture.

The agreement is expected to create mjobs in Korea in such areas as computer ga

design, IT and even yoga, according to a repby Kim Joon-sung, Yonsei Universitys carcenter director.

The report, titled, The Impact of tKorea-India CEPA on the Local Job Markelists the 10 most-promising jobs in light of agreement: computer game designer, film deer, yoga instructor, auto parts maker, researchinternational electronics trader, liquid-crydisplay engineer, IT consultant, medical clicoordinator in charge of customer servioverseas construction bidding broker ainternational food trader. By Lee Eun

Trade Agreement BroadensHorizon for Korea and India

Korean Trade Minister Kim

Jong-hoon, second from

right, and Indias Commerce

and Industry Minister Anand

Sharma sign the trade pact

in Seoul Aug. 7.

If Korea ratifies the Comprehensive Economic Partnership as planned,tariffs between the two nations could fall to 1% on average in 10 years

[YONHAP]

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Global Kor

September 2009 korea

voices, while others fell. But no matterwho won or lost, everyone seemed to behaving a good time.

During snack time, the volunteersserved the Mongolian children Koreanfood such as bulgogi (marinated beef),tteokbokki (sweet and spicy boiled ricecakes) andjapchae (glass noodles mixedwith fresh vegetables and sliced meat).The NGO members later said they felttheir hearts ache as they watched thechildren eating so quickly.

Soon the last day of the trip arrived,and the children at the center wept, ask-ing the volunteers not to leave. Some ofthe kids even ran after the bus the work-ers rode on their way home.

The volunteers also burst into tearsas they waved goodbye to their tempo-rary charges.

But that wasnt the end for this groupof 14 kindhearted Koreans.

When Kim Jeong-hui, 46, and KwonMin-seong, 17, suggested sending booksand other helpful materials to needy

People say it time and again: Tobe a developed country meansmore than to be wealthy. Adeveloped society is one in

which the spirit of giving and sharing isalive and active.

And today many Korean citizensdecide to go abroad to volunteer as agroup.

One of these, with help from Coop-eration and Participation In OverseasNGOs, or COPION, stayed with orphans

iving in a national daycare center on theoutskirts of Ulaanbaatar, the capital ofMongolia, for five days from July 18.

It was made up of 14 members four mother-daughter pairs, one fatherwith his daughter, two sisters and twobrothers all from seven differentordinary families.

COPION is a non-governmentalorganization under the auspices of theKorean Ministry of Foreign Affairs andTrade, which aims to help establish aglobal civil society by regularly dis-

patching Korean youth and senior vol-unteers to developing countries andoffering financial assistance to startlocal NGOs there.

The volunteers took care of andplayed with the orphans.

Because of our busy schedules atschool and work, our family did nothave much time to share common inter-ests, said Ryu Young-sook, 41, a mem-ber of the group. But here my daughterand I are able to open our hearts to oth-

ers and strengthen our bond while pre-paring for the volunteer activities.

The other families in the group alsogrew closer as they worked to assist theabandoned or orphaned children at thecenter. Most of the parents and childrenhad already experienced volunteer workseparately, but it was the first time allhad gathered together to help out.

Whats more, the group memberssaid their familial foundation madethem better able to care for the Mongo-lian children with warm hearts.

On the third day at the center, vol-unteers prepared presents for the 50elementary school kids, putting a yellowT-shirt, colored paper and crayons oneach of the 50 desks in the small woodenclassroom.

When Jo Kyeong, 41, a public offi-cial, and Park Ji-hyun, 24, a companyemployee, called all 50 kids to the class-room, they raced into the room with

joy.The little ones soon became amateur

designers, cutting the colored papersinto shapes, drawing meadows andsheep to attach to their shirts. Someeven drew their favorite soccer playerson their shirts with the crayons.

The children showed off their art-work to their classmates and their Kore-an helpers.

The next day, the volunteers arrangedan outdoor event for the children, divid-ing both the orphans and the volunteersinto teams of two to compete in a three-legged race. Some cheered with loud

14 Volunteers Go Abroad to Bolster the Human Family

A group o Korean volunteers and children rom the center pose or a group photo in a

meadow in ront o a day care center.

children inside Korea, all the membersagreed.

A week after the volunteers cameback to Korea, all 14 gathered again.

Shim Dong-hyun, 49, a companyemployee who went to Mongolia withhis 16-year-old daughter, said he was

impressed that his daughter devoherself even more than he did to tchildren at the center.

It was a turning point remindithe Koreans of the importance of famand what it means to be deprived ofwarm embrace. By Lee Min-y

Children play in a meadow just outside a day

care center on the outskirts o Ulaanbataar July

21, as other children rom the center watch with

a group o Korean volunteers who traveled there

last month.

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Global Kor


work that includes 15 major overseas electrical safe-ty institutions such as the Fdration Internationalepour la Scurit des Usagers de lElectricit, orFISUEL.

In the first half of this year the Korean organiza-tions revenue from overseas busi ness amounted to 2billion won ($1.6 million). Its hoping to raise thatrevenue to 3 billion won by the end of this year.

The Korea Electrical Safety Corp. marks as itslatest achievement the signing of a technology coop-eration agreement on electrical safety July 20 withMongolia, which is one of the worlds 10 mostresource-abundant countries.

Rim forged the agreement with Mongolian Min-ister for Mineral Resources and Energy DashdorjZorigt. It calls on the Korea Electrical Safety Corp.to provide inspections of major public facilities aswell as a wide range of consulting services, includingtraining Mongolian public servants and cooperatingon research into electrical fires.

Through this agreement Koreas advanced tech-nology in electrical safety will be transferred toMongolia, and we expect Korea to have the advan-tage in the Mongolian market once i ts outdated elec-trical facilities are replaced, said Rim at the signingceremony.

We will provide safety checkups so that all Mon-golians enjoy electr icity safely, Rim said. Also Koreawill aggressively adopt positive points from Mongo-lia.

He added that the Korea Electrical Safety Corp.will not hesitate in providing advanced technologiesto ensure electrical safety in any country.

Over three weeks in March, technicians from theKorea Electrical Safety Corp. trained 90 electricitytechnicians from VietNam Electricity on safetyinspections. The Korean company plans to use thatevent to help expand its consulting businesses inSoutheast Asia, which lags in terms of electricalsafety.

The Korea Electrical Safety Corp. also conductedinspections of the expansion of the King Sejong Base

on the South Pole, of the Agbami FPSO drillshipbuilt by Daewoo Shipbuilding and Marine Engineer-ing in Nigeria and of the Sohar Aromatics Project inOman.

The Korean organization not only provides con-sulting services to public companies abroad. It alsoservices private companies. Last month the groupwon a safety testing contract with a petrochemicalplant that is under construction in Qatar jointly withABB Korea.

The contract is worth 700 million won and is thebiggest single safety-related project that the KoreaElectrical Safety Corp. has won. The company will

Rim was proud

to sign an

agreement toprovide

inspections ofMongolias

power system.

perform safety tests over a periodone year.

The aggressive changes at the KoElectrical Safety Corp. were largely tresult of the one-second manament style practiced by the organitions president.

Rim recently published a boabout speedy management, in whhe claims that a company, particulain times of crisis, must act in a spsecond. That means quick manament decisions must be realized a ssecond faster than rivals, all whmaximizing services offered to cutomers.

By Lee Ho-je

Koreas power supply infra-structure has come a longway. It was just few decadesago that most households

had to use candles or oil lamps, buttoday Korea is a fully developed coun-try, with a reliable supply of electricityto homes and offices. Its safety systemshave advanced significantly over theyears as well.

Now the Korea Electrical SafetyCorp. is taking a step further, expand-ing into the global market.

Since Rim In-bae was appointedpresident of the company in October,the organization has begun searchingfor a new growth engine. Tossing awaypast bureaucratic customs, the corpo-ration has gone on the offense, invest-ing in businesses abroad.

It began providing consultationservices to evaluate and check electri-cal safety in locations fr om the MiddleEast to the South Pole.

The electricity safety consultingbusiness is dominated by developed

countries, since the sector is full oflarge-scale projects that require rigor-ous and thorough work. The opportu-nity to provide these services overseascame as the number of internationalorders won by Korean companies hasincreased significantly in recentyears.

Late last year the Korea ElectricalSafety Corp. announced it wouldbecome a world-class control towerfor electrical safety, utilizing its 34years of know-how and a global net-

The Korea Electrical Saety Corp. is providing

saety systems or this oating drill on the

coast o Arica.

An Electricity Control Tower

ProvidedbyTheKoreaElectricalSafetyCorp

Top, Rim In-bae, head o the KESC, right, holds a memorandum o understan

signed with Dashdori Zorigt, minister o minerals and energy o Mongolia. Abo

KESC engineers check electrical systems on an oil prospecting ship o Angola.

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Global Kor


AKorean academic groups long-held ambi-tions are being realized, as a native minorityin a small Indonesian city agrees to adoptHangeul, the Korean alphabet, as its written

language. Some villagers started learning it late lastmonth.

It was the first time that a foreign population haddesignated Hangeul as its official writing system. The

Cia-Cia tribe has its own spoken language, but theabsence of an official alphabet has made it difficult forthem to preserve it, according to the HunminjeongeumSociety.

The society, a private academic group devoted tostudying Hangul, says the minority tribe with a popula-tion of 60,000 in Bau-Bau, the main city on Buton Island,Sulawesi Province, concluded a memorandum ofunderstanding with the society last month to transcribetheir language into Hangeul. The Korean society origi-nally made the offer.

Starting July 21, 40 elementary school studentsbegan learning the Korean alphabet from a textbook

developed by society members for fourhours a week. The textbook deals withthe language and culture of the tribe, itshistory and local folk tales of the island.The book also includes a traditionalKorean fairy tale called The Rabbit.

Bau-Bau plans to begin building aKorean language center in September

and train Korean language teachers tospread Hangeul across neighboringregions. The city government will displayHangul and the Roman alphabet togeth-er on signposts and is considering pub-lishing history books and folktales inHangeul.

Linguists here expressed hope thatthe case will become a stepping stone tospread and promote the Korean alphabetglobally. The Hunmin Jeongeum Societyhad attempted to convince minoritypopulations overseas to transcribe their

language using Hangeul before, but to noavail.

Hunmin jeongeum, made up of fourChinese letters meaning correct soundsto instruct the people, refers to the firstinstruction book on Hangeul, publishedin 1446 by King Sejong the Great. Theking was the creator of Hangeul charac-

ters.Successful adoption of Hangeul

among Bau-Bau residents over the nextfive years will determine whether ourHangeul globalization project can pros-per in other regions in the world, saidKim Ju-won, a society member and aprofessor of linguistics at Seoul NationalUniversity.

According to the Summer Institute ofLinguistics International, there are 6,912languages currently in use, 2,500 of whichlack an alphabet. King Sejong intended

to create a new language to differentiKorean from Chinese.

Writing Chinese characters was csidered difficult for the common peoduring the Joseon Dynasty in that oprivileged aristocrats normally m could read and write fluently. Tmajority of Koreans were effectively il

erate before the invention of Hangeaccording to historians. Organized insyllabic blocks, each consists of twomore of the 24 Hangeul letters, whrepresent 14 consonants and 10 vowThese blocks take on the shape of heach is pronounced, and can be arrangboth horizontally and vertically.

The relatively simple and flexistructure of Hangeul makes the alphaeasy to learn. Thanks in part to this ecient writing system, the illiteracy rateKorea is near zero. By Seo Ji-

Hangeul BringsNew Life to

Tribal TongueAn Indonesian language in dangerof extinction will adopt the Koreanalphabet as its writing system

Let, an Indonesian teacher instructs children in the Korean alphabet, ater it wasadoped as the ofcial written script o the Cia-Cia tribe. Above, students listen to

their teacher reading Hangul rom a textbook, above right, specially created by a

Korean society to promote the script.

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Green Grow

Global Praise for Eco-KoreaCheonggyecheon, four rivers win admiration of New York Times, others

The Lee Myung-bak administrations low-carbongreen growth policies and several related projectsare attracting the attention of foreign media.

The New York Times spotlighted the Cheong-gyecheon restoration project in a July 17 article titled PeelingBack Pavement to Expose Watery Havens. The project wasconducted between 2005 and 2007 under the leadership ofLee, who was the mayor of Seoul at that time.

The project turned the stream, which had been polluted,then paved over and forgotten in the postwar era, once againnto a verdant and refreshing place to stroll and gather.

The restoration of Cheonggyecheon is part of expanding

environmental efforts in cities around the world to daylightrivers and streams by peeling back pavement that was built tobolster commerce and serve automobile traffic decades ago,the article said, pointing out that residents groups and someelected officials in Los Angeles are looking anew at buried orconcrete-lined creeks, inspired partly by Seouls example.

The open watercourses are intended to handle heavy rainbetter than buried sewers and cool off areas overheated bysun-baked asphalt, luring wildlife and pedestrians. Accordingto the article, the stream has achieved many of its goals.

A new analysis by researchers at the University of Califor-nia, Berkeley, found that replacing a highway in Seoul with awalkable greenway caused nearby homes to sell at a premium

after years of going for bargain prices in comparison withoutlying properties, it said.

Efforts to recover urban waterways are nonethelessfraught with challenges, like convincing local business ownerswedded to existing streetscapes that economic benefits cancome from a green makeover, the article said. Yet today the

visitors to the Cheonggyecheons banks include merchantsfrom some of the thousands of nearby shops who were amongthe projects biggest opponents early on.

Le Figaro, a leading French newspaper, wrote in a July 8article about green growth policies that the Korean govern-ment is trying to find opportunities from the current eco-

nomic crisis through its ambitious Green New Deal.Meanwhile El Mundo, the second-largest daily newspaper

in Spain, wrote July 5 that Korea has already shown its abilityand will to tackle challenges through various forest restora-tion projects and Cheonggyecheons recovery. The newspaperalso carried details of a speech by President Lee.

The Asahi Shimbun of Tokyo wrote in a column that ithopes that Korea and Japan will be well-intentioned rivals ingreen growth and in overcoming the economic crisis.

Singapores Strait Times and Russias Rossiiskaya Gazetanewspaper also carried articles about Cheonggyecheon, thefour-river refurbishment project and Koreas green growth

vision in their June issues. By Koh So-young

Cheonggyecheon in central Seoulwas crowded with people who came

there to cool off on a hot summer

Sunday in early August. Several

foreign media including New York

Times carried articles introducingthe stream restoration project as a

representative green policy of Korea

in June and July articles.

Panel Discusses Green Policy

Since President Lee Myung-bakwas sworn into office, he hasemphasized the importance ofthe governments vision for

low-carbon green growth.Green growth refers to sustainable

growth that not only helps reduce green-house gas emissions and pollution, butalso creates new growth engines and

jobs in technology R&D and energy.Government officials describe

green technology as a combination ofIT, communications, biotechnology,nanotechnology and culture, transcend-ing them all.

This trend was even on display at theKorean Political Science AssociationsWorld Congress for Korean Politics andSociety 2009 at COEX in southern Seoulfrom August 20 to 22.

The main theme for the Congresswas Korea at the Crossroads, and over500 local and international experts inpolitical science, public administrationand the other social sciences attended.

A panel titled The Environment,Energy and Green Growth in Koreawas held on Aug. 21 at the congress.

At the panel, Yoo Beom-sik, an offi-cial on the Presidential Committee onGreen Growth, praised the govern-ments green growth policies, whileMatteo Fumagalli, a professor at CentralEuropean University in Budapest, Hun-gary, shared his thesis, Middle Powersand the International System: SouthKoreas Quest for Energy Security andRegional Competition in Central Eur-asia.

Choi Hyun-sun, professor at theUniversity of North Florida, gave his

views on climate change with his thesis,Integrating Green Growth and Eco-nomic Development: Koreas ClimateChange Adaptation as Top-DownApproach. Choi explained how eco-nomic development and an environ-ment-friendly approach can be inte-grated as an economic strategy.

Heike Hermanns, a professor at

Seouls Inha University, also presenhis thesis, titled South Korea: An EaMover in Environmental Policies?

Hermanns thesis read, SomeLees plans focus on projects involvthe construction industry (e.g. nnuclear power plants, river renewprojects), leading critics to surmise tgreen renewal is just a strategy to ovcome the current economic crisis raththan revealing environmental cocerns.

He asserted Korea has been slowembracing international efforts address global climate change, citing fact that though Korean has signed Kyoto Protocol, it is not obliged to greenhouse emissions at present as icategorized as a Non-Annex 1, or devoping, member.

As Korea is not an early movHermanns urged the country to respomore quickly on green issues as a wayboost its international profile.

By Kim M

32 korea Sptember 2009 September 2009 korea

Green Grow

The World Congress for KoreanPolitics and Society 2009, held by the

Korean Political Science Association,

met from August 20 to 22.

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34 korea Sptember 2009

International conference on green industry will come to Seoul in 2010

UN Honors Green Strategy

Koreas green growth strategies have added envi-ronmentalist credentials to the internationalrespect the country gained for its miraculouseconomic growth, and it was honored by the

United Nations for these efforts last month.The United Nations Environment Program has select-

ed Korea as the next venue for an important internationalconference on the environment, the B4E Global Summit.On Aug. 20, Achim Steiner, executive director of the pro-gram and a UN undersecretary general, signed a memo-randum of understanding with Koreas Environment Min-ister Lee Maan-ee finalizing Koreas hosting of the meetingin 2010.

The B4E, or Business for Environment Global Summit,is a gathering of leaders from businesses, governments andcivic groups across theworld to discuss ways tomake industry sustain-able and environment-friendly. The annualconference will be in itsfourth year in 2010, andwill be held in SeoulApril 22-23.

The country is con-sidered as one of theleading proponents ofthe Global Green NewEconomy, making it avery relevant host for

these two UNEP events,

the UNEP wrote in astatement announcingthe decision. Seoul willalso host the ceremonyfor the Champions ofthe Earth Award, whichrecognizes environmen-tal leaders and is heldtogether with the B4ESummit.

Starting late last year,the Lee Myung-bakadministration has

announced a series of measures to support a low-carbon,resource-efficient industrial base including the 50 trillionwon ($40 billion) Green New Deal. These measures werecombined in July as the 107 trillion won Green GrowthNational Strategy along with a pledge that the govern-ment would implement it over the next five years. Thatsum is roughly equivalent to around 2 percent of KoreasGDP over those years, the government said.

In an interview with the JoongAng Daily in May, UNEPexecutive director Steiner applauded Koreas efforts andcalled it an example for the world to follow, a tone he keptin his visit to Seoul last month.

The Republic of Koreas strategy cuts across a wideswath of sustainability challenges from renewable energyand waste to transport, freshwaters and forestry, Steiner

said while participatingin the MOU ceremonywith the environmentministry. The strategy,Steiner added, was avision of green econom-ic growth, underlining anew and dynamic stra-tegic direction and jour-ney that we are delightedand excited to share.

During Steiners visitto Seoul, the UNEP alsoannounced the result ofits examination of theKoreas green growth

policies.The Korean gov-

ernment has presentedits Green Growth Strat-egy as an innovativedevelopment approachinvolving a fundamentalshift in the countrysgrowth paradigm, fromquantitative growth toqualitative growth, theoverview read.

By Moon Gwang-lip

Environment Minister Lee Maan-ee(right) poses with UN Environment Pro-

gram Executive Director Achim Steiner in Seoul.

Directed and written by Youn JK, the film is a smash hit across Asia

Korean Wave Goes Literal inHaeundae

August is the hottest month of the Korean year, andHaeundae, the countrys most famous beach, locat-ed in the southern port city of Busan, is withoutdoubt the most sought-after destination for sum-

mer vacationers. Around 1 million of them show up everyyear.

But this summer another Haeundae was the talk of thetown, with the film of the same name drawing an impressive 10million moviegoers from its release July 22 until Aug. 24.

The film also made headlines in late July when productioncompany CJ Entertainment announced that it would be r eleasedsoon in local theaters across China and other Asian countries,including Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan and Viet-nam. In fact, even before its release at home, Haeundae was

exported to 23 countries around the world through the Euro-pean Film Market at the Berlin film festival and the CannesFilm Market earlier this year.

So what is so special about the movie that it manages toattract local and foreign audiences alike?

Many critics and viewers attribute the films audience appealto its exciting story line, which focuses on how various charac-ters played by seasoned actors such as Sul Kyung-gu, Ha Ji-wonand Park Joong-hoon respond during a tsunami. It also makesuse of eye-catching advanced computer-generated graphics,which accounted for a big part of the movies 13 billion won($10.6 million) budget.

Director Youn JK, who also wrote the film, said he was stay-

ing in his hometown of Busan when he first heard about ttsunamis that hit Southeast Asia in December 2004.

I conjured up a dramatic image of the million or so peowho visit Haeundae Beach on holiday suddenly getting swup in a tsunami, and that initial idea translated into this filmthe director said.

That means that it took almost five years from the iniconception of the idea for the film to its completion. In fawriting the script was as hard as making the computer-genated tsunami itself, the director said. To come up with the rigthree main couples for the film, Youn said he created stories hundreds of potential characters over more than two years.

I wanted to avoid the over-redundant heroism that is oftfound in Hollywood disaster movies, the director said. Rath

through the film I tried to show how important and valuahuman relationships are.

Reportedly it cost about $5 million for Youn to work witHollywood staff on computer-generated special effects to crea tsunami in the movie. Hans Uhlig, who was the CG supersor for Hollywood blockbusters such as The Day after Tomrow and The Perfect Storm, participated in the filmmakiprocess.

Special effects are diffic ult for sure, but theyre worth a tI learned through making Haeundae that nothing in the wois impossible, and I have gained confidence that Korean disasfilms can develop their own s tyle, Youn said.

By Park Sun-yo

Its pandemonium as a massive tsunami slams into the southern port city of Busan in the summer

blockbuster Haeundae.

[NEWSIS]

CultuGreen Growth

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Most Americans arefamiliar with theJapanese poemsknown as haiku. In

fact, it may be the extent of theirknowledge about Asian poetry. Butthis may be a good thing for Korea,too, paving the way for a similargenre from these shores known assijo.

Pronouncedshee-jo, this formsroots can be found inthe Goryeo Dynasty.Though Koreans are

very proud of these

three-line composi-tions that consist of 43to 45 syllables, sijohave been mostlyunknown to thoseoutside the country until now.

May saw the Harvard ManhaeSijo Festival take place at HarvardUniversity in Cambridge, Massachu-setts. Leading it was David McCann,the Korea Foundation professor ofKorean literature at Harvard Univer-sity.

McCann, 64, is a sijo enthusiaston a campaign to popularize them.He first became interested in thepoetry form in 1966, when he cameto Korea as a member of the PeaceCorps after graduating from AmherstCollege. He was teaching English at ahigh school in Andong when hecame upon a book of Korean poetrytranslated in English. Since then

McCann has been studying, teach-ing and translating sijo.

But McCann isnt the first toattempt to bring sijo into a foreignland. In 1992, Larry Gross, a Floridapoet who had found sijo translationsin a poetry book published in India,established a journal called Sijo Westin 1996 with fellow poet CanadianElizabeth St. Jacques.

Like a haiku, a sijo is composedof three lines, but though the formerfollows a strict 5-7-5 syllable rule, the

sijo writer has more space and free-dom for expression, with each linemade up of 14 or 15 syllables. Sijo canalso be written in a string of fourphrases, each with three, four, or fivesyllables. They were originally meantto be sung, and some were written tobe part of a larger work.

Sijo is much more flexible thanhaiku, said HeinzInsu Fenkl in an inter-

view with the BostonGlobe in late June.Fenkl teaches creativewriting and Asian lit-erature at the State

University of NewYork, New Paltz.

If you have 15syllables per line, thatsmuch more than thehaiku. What it allows

for is something haikucant do, which is the formation ofnarrative inside the poem. You canexpress complicated things. At thesame time, they sound very natu-ral.

Last year, Bo-Leaf Books pub-lished a book of English sijo byMcCann titled Urban Temple: Sijo,Twisted & Straight.

It seems McCann and Fenklsefforts are bearing fruit. In April, theSejong Cultural Society, Chicago inthe U.S.A announced a sijo writingcompetition for middle and highschool students. The organization,which was founded in 2004 to pro-mote Korean culture, sent 20,000 fli-

ers to English teachers and principalsin 20 states this year. Last year, it onlysent a quarter that amount.

At Marist School in Atlanta,Georgia, 120 students who studiedsijo in their literature classes submit-ted poems to Sejong.

The sijo was really fun and dif-ferent, said Tracy Kaminer, a teacherat Marist, in an interview with theBoston Globe.

I think sijo is an elegant form ofpoetry. ByLee Hae-joo

The Korea Litera-ture TranslationInstitute hashelped speakers

of many different languages such as English, German,Chinese, French, Japanese,Russian, Dutch, Polish,Rumanian and Vietnamese

enjoy Korean literature.The institutes certified

professional translatorsstrive to communicate bothaccurately and in culturallyappropriate ways the culturaland historical background ofKorea. While working tokeep pace with the latest lit-erary trends, they providematerial for people overseasinterested in Korean litera-ture.

Nobel Prize nominee KoUn tops the list for numberof books translated with 51,including his bestsellers TenThousand Lives andManin-bo, out in 15 foreign lan-guages. Recognized as thegreatest living Korean poet,Ko has produced a moun-tain of poetry over the years,and his new volume, Songs

for Tomorrow: A collectionof poems 19602002 selectswork from his entire career,translated from Korean intoEnglish by Brother Anthonyof Taiz, Young-moo Kim,and Gary Gach.

Another classical Koreanpoet, Jung Geuk-in, has pub-lished his poems in English,increasing Western aware-ness of the classical form ofKorean poetry called the

The Korean Translation Institute brings local literature to world reade

A Global Bridge of Words

ProvidedbyKoreaLiteratureTranslation

Institute

gasa, along with knowledgeof the countrys past and cul-ture. Translators of this book

paid particular attention tothe synchronization betweenthe Korean gasa and theEnglish version, trying tosustain the verbal echoesand rhythmic beats in theoriginal text.

Scale and stairs: SelectedPoems of Heeduk Ra isanother set of poems trans-lated into English. HeedukRa has published five booksof poetry and two of prose,

for which she has receivedmany honors. She teachescreative writing at Chosun

University and is regarded asone of Koreas best poets.Her poems are filled with asense of contrast betweenimage and idea, sound andsense. She tries to create apath from the visible worldto the invisible. Her workportrays the ever-shiftingborder with the unknown.

Also among the mostpopular Korean authorsabroad are Lee Chung Joon,

Hwang Seok-yeong aChoi In-hoon. Portrayinpeculiar side of Korean soety are Yi Mun-yols novwhich have been publishin 16 different languages. these works and more canfound at the Korea LiteratuTranslation Institute.

Thanks to the populaof Korean pop cultureAsia, the institute beliethat it is now time to expathe scope of their work aimprove the current stateliterary translation. Liteture helps readers discovmore about the country oforigin: its people, languand culture. It even playpolitical role, serving amediator between societWith the support of talentranslators, a number excellent Korean textboohave been published many people overseas ware interested in Korean erature.

The driving missionthe Korea Literature Trantion Institution is to provan entrancing experience

foreigners through transtions authored by natspeakers of the target lguage. Also, the translawill usually be a specialisa particular area, such as sentific or political terminogy. This leads to transtions that are comprehenble, relevant, and culturasensitive. You can make order through www. amzon.com By Hyon Mi-Kyu

HaikusElegantCousinKorea scholars ramp

up campaign

to promote sijo

David McCann, a professor at Harvard Uni-

versity, has loved sijo poetry since he was a

Peace Corps volunteer in Korea in 1966.

Clockwise from left: Songs

for Tomorrowis the latest

in a long string of translated

works by Ko Un; the original

author and publication date

of Chunhyang are unknown,

but that hasnt stopped it

from being translated and

read around the world, and

The Landby Park Gyung-ri is

shown here translated into

Chinese.


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Korean Literatu

38 korea June 2009

Although Park Wan-seo, born 1931,did not begin her literary careeruntil she was almost 40, she has sincebecome one of the most prolific and

popular authors in Korea. Since her debut in1970 with The Naked Tree, Park has been show-ered with numerous honors, including the LeeSang Prize for Literature in 198 1 and the KoreanNational Literature Award in 1990.

A storyteller of considerable gifts, Park isnoted for her skillful employment of concretedetails and compelling episodes drawn fromeveryday life, as well as her verbal dexterity andthe natural flow of her narratives, which rendersher works both accessible and engaging.

Park experienced the tragedy of the KoreanWar firsthand. Raised by a strong mother who

was determined to give her the best education,Park entered Seoul National University as a stu-dent of Korean Literature. But the outbreak ofthe war and the death of her older brother cuther education short just a few days after sheentered university, and Park was forced to sup-port her family. The tragedy of families tornapart by the Korean War and the heavy price thewar continues to exact from its survivors iscommemorated in such works as The Naked

Tree, Warm Was the Winter That Year, and WhoAte Up All The Shinga .

Parks works also target the hypocrisy andmaterialism of middle-class Koreans. Identical

Apartments features apartments of the samesize with the same furnishings and decorations symbols of their inhabitants identical lives,intent on gaining material gratification. In AReeling Afternoon, a marriage of conveniencebrings about atrocious results. In these works,individual avarice and snobbery are linked tolarger social concerns the breakdown of age-old values and the dissolution of the familywhich are the byproduct of the rapid industrial-ization of Korea.

Since 1980, Park has shown great interest inthe problems afflicting women in this patriar-

chal society. Perhaps the most notable of herworks focused on feminist issues is The Dream-ing Incubator, which features a woman who isforced to undergo a series of abortions until sheproduces a son. Quite literally, a womans bodybecomes a mere incubator for male progenyin the male-centered Korean society. The waythis objectification of the female body is per-petuated or condoned is given no room for jus-tification in Parks razor-sharp prose.

[JoongAngIlbo]

Major works

The Naked Tree

Namok, 1970)

The Beginning of Days Lived

Sarainneun nareui sijak, 1980)

Mamas Stake

Eommaui malttuk, 1982)

Warm Was the Winter That Year

Geuhae gyeoureun ttatteuthaennae, 1983)

The Woman Standing

Seo inneun yeoja, 1985)

llusionMimang, 1990)

My Beautiful Neighbor

Naui areumdaun iut, 1991)

The Dreaming Incubator

Kkum kkuneun inkyubaeiteo, 1993)

Such a Lonely You

1998)

Source: Korea Literature Translation Institute


Stripping naked our modern hypocrisy

Park Wan-seo

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This entertaining andthought-provoking novelexamines human nature, cor-rupted by money and power,and the place of women in apatriarchal society twotopics that have consistentlyengaged Parks imaginationthroughout her literarycareer.

The protagonist, SimYeong-min is a renownedphysician. His brother-in-law, a son of a wealthy busi-nessman, is dying of cancer,but is himself unaware of thegravity of his condition. Hisfamilys refusal to apprise thepatient of his impending

death is not motivated by anyconcern for his emotionalstate, but by their desire toprevent him from giving awayhis inheritance. As a result,the man dies without havingreceived proper treatment forhis cancer, and his wife, thesister of the protagonist, is leftwithout a penny to her name.The funeral of the dead manturns into a showy display ofthe familys power andwealth.

While the solemnity ofdeath is thus marred by greed,birth is deprived of its sanc-tity and joy by the obsessionwith male offspring which

characterizes a patriarchaltradition. Sims wife, alreadya mother of two beautifuldaughters, believes that herstatus as a wife of a prominentdoctor is not secure until shebears a son. Pregnant onceagain with a daughter, sheundergoes an abortion andwith the help of her obstetri-cian, she finally succeeds ingiving birth to a son. Parksexamination of human rela-tions corrupted by the evils ofcapitalism and patriarchyposes a difficult

korea [2009 vol. 12 no. 9]

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