ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGY TKG 433

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOLOGYTKG 433TSUNAMI

TSUNAMITsunamiSoo Nah MeeSeismic Sea Wave

TSUNAMIThe breaking wave off Kanagawa / The Great Wave (Kanagawa Oki Nami Ura), a woodblock color print by Katsushika Hokusai, published between 1830-1833

TSUNAMI HISTORICAL MAPThe map above shows the 2,000+ tsunami events that hit the countries located around the "Ring of fire" in know history (since year 1600 BC). The map shows the tsunami location, intensity and size. The color of the circle shows the tsunami intensity and a larger circle indicates a greater event. Its interesting to note that tectonic platesboundaries have generated the most tsunamis

TSUNAMI HISTORICAL MAPFrom the map above, one can see that large destructive tsunamis are rather rare. 13 of these were recorded over a time span of 115 years from 1849 throughout 1964

FAMOUS TSUNAMISMarch 11, 2011: A tsunami that hit east coast of Thoku, Japan, killed more than 18,00 people and damage a Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant December 26, 2004: A massive earthquake off the coast of Sumatra generates tsunami waves that wreck coastlines in 10 countries, killing more than 225,000 people. July 17, 1998: A tsunami strikes the north coast of Papua-New Guinea, killing 2,000 people. August 16, 1976: A tsunami hits the Moro Gulf region of the Philippines, killing 5,000 people. March 28, 1964: The Good Friday earthquake in Alaska creates a tsunami that envelopes the Alaskan coastline. The same tsunami also hits Oregon and California. A total of 132 people die. May 22, 1960: A 35-foot-high tsunami hits Chile, Hawaii, the Philippines, Okinawa and Japan. More than 1,000 people die.

FAMOUS TSUNAMISApril 1, 1946: An Alaskan earthquake generates a tsunami that destroys North Cape Lighthouse and hours later hits Hilo, Hawaii. In total, 164 people were killed. January 31, 1906: An offshore earthquake creates a tsunami that swallows part of Tumaco, Colombia. The death toll is estimated at between 500 and 1,500. December 17, 1896: A tsunami washes away the main boulevard of Santa Barbara, California. No fatalities are recorded. June 15, 1896: The 70-foot-high Sanrikutsunami strikes Japan, killing 26,000 people. August 27, 1883: The eruption of the volcano Krakatau creates a tsunami that sweeps over nearby Java and Sumatra, killing 36,000 people. November 1, 1755: The Great Lisbon earthquake creates a 20-foot-high tsunami that destroys coastal Portugal, Spain and Morocco.

JAPAN TSUNAMI, 11TH MARCH 2011Amazing Facts:March 11, 2011 -At 2:46pm, a 9.0 magnitude earthquake takes place 231 miles northeast of Tokyo, Japan, at a depth of 15.2 miles.The earthquake causes a tsunami with 30 ft waves that damage several nuclear reactors in the area.It is the fourth largest earthquake on record (since 1900) and the largest to hit Japan.Number of people killed:The confirmed death toll is15,890as of February 10, 2015.Other Facts:Japan had 54 nuclear reactors, with two under construction, and 17 power plants, that produced about 30% of Japan's electricity at the time of the earthquake. (IAEA 2011)Material damage from the earthquake and tsunami is estimated at about 25 trillion yen ($300 billion).There are six reactors atTokyo Electric Power Company'sFukushima Daiichi plant, located about 65 km (40 miles) south of Sendai.A microsievert is an internationally recognized unit measuring radiation dosage. People are typically exposed to a total of about 1,000 microsieverts in one year.More than 1,000 aftershocks have hit Japan since the earthquake, the largest a magnitude 7.9

TSUNAMI 26TH of DEC, 2004most powerful earthquake the planet has seen in 40 years (CNN)

TSUNAMIVertical displacement of ocean water, due to :Large Earthquakes (M>9.0)Mass movements (landslide) submarine landslideSubmarine volcanic eruptionMeteorite impacts

TSUNAMITsunamis a Japanese word meaning great wave in harbour ombak besar di pelabuhan

Larger tsunami can cause:coastal floodingerosiondamage to buildings and loss of life in extreme cases

TSUNAMIEarthquake triggered tsunami26 Dec 2004; Sumatera; M = 9.012 countries; 250000 people dead

Landslide triggered tsunamiLituyaGulf, Alaska (1958)Mega TsunamiLandslide 90 million tons of rockCreate tsunami km (500m) heightVolcanic of North Africa (Canary Island) @ La Palma - The mega-hyped tidal wave story, belum terjadi tapi pasti bakal terjadi

EARTHQUAKE TRIGGERED TSUNAMI & PLATE TECTONIC

BUKTI!!

Gravity forces the energy out across the surface of the ocean(think of ripple effect)Energy transfers to water; swell above sea level Tonnes of rock shooting upward with tremendous forceANATOMI OF A NORMAL WAVEThe most important thing to know about waves is that they do not represent the movement of water, but instead show the movement of energy through water.

After 5 Hours2ndwave: After 11 hours of the 1stwaveWATER LEVEL MEASUREMENT

TSUNAMISDeep water: >800 km/hr (easily keep pace with Boeing 747!!!)Wavelengths: >160kms (100 miles)Wave heights : 1-2mGentle slopes; go unnoticed

Shallow water: slowerWaves behind begin to overtake (shoaling)The energy contained in waves is condensed into smaller volume of water; waves increase in height and steepnessHuge breaking wave as a wall of white, foamy water

RESPONS TO TSUNAMI

TSUNAMI WARNING SIGN

TSUNAMI PREDICTION

COMMON WARNING SIGN OF TSUNAMISudden and noticeable recession in water away from the shorelineEarthquake is a natural tsunami warning EG: 10-year-old British School Girl Tilly Smith saved hundreds from death because she could recognize some tsunami warning signs (holiday in Phuket). She had just completed the chapters about earthquakes and tsunamis

My mum didn't realise what was happening on the beach because she wasn't taught about tsunamis when she was younger. She had never even heard the word tsunami and she didn't know how to react. I think it's really important for all kids to know about tsunamis and other type of natural hazards said Tilly Smith.

SURVIVAL TIPSIf you are on a boat in a harbour, either dock it quickly and move to higher ground. You can also take it out to sea as far as possible since tsunamis only cause damage when they move from deeper to more shallow waters.Get away as fast as possible from the coastline and seek higher ground.Be aware that the first wave may not be the largest in a series of waves.If you are near a high-rise building, head for its upper levels to avoid the water.TSUNAMI

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