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2015 Lake System

Health Water Quality

Monitoring Program

Year End Report

February 2016

Prepared by

The District Municipality of Muskoka

Planning and Economic Development

Department

With Technical Support from the

Dorset Environmental Science Centre,

Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change

2015 Lake System Health Water Quality Monitoring Program

Year End Report

2

Table of Contents

Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 4

Muskoka Water Strategy .................................................................................................................................. 4

Lake System Health ........................................................................................................................................... 4

Summary of Lake System Health Monitoring Activities .............................................................................. 5

Partners ................................................................................................................................................................ 6

1) Program Partners ................................................................................................................................. 6

2) Volunteer Participants ........................................................................................................................ 6

Monitoring Staff.................................................................................................................................................. 7

Lake System Health Monitoring Program Components ............................................................................ 7

1) Spring phosphorus sampling and other chemical parameters ................................................ 10

a) Sampling method ..................................................................................................................... 11

b) Spring phosphorus results ......................................................................................................... 11

c) Other chemical parameters ................................................................................................... 11

2) Secchi depth measurements .......................................................................................................... 14


b) Secchi depth measurement results ....................................................................................... 14

3) Temperature and dissolved oxygen measurements .................................................................. 16


b) Temperature and dissolved oxygen measurement results ............................................... 16

4) Shoreline land use survey ................................................................................................................. 19

a) Survey method .......................................................................................................................... 19

b) Shoreline land use survey results ............................................................................................ 19

5) Love Your Lake Program .................................................................................................................. 22

a) Survey method .......................................................................................................................... 22

b) Shoreline Renaturalization Program ...................................................................................... 23

6) Biological Monitoring Program........................................................................................................ 23

a) Benthic macro-invertebrate sampling method .................................................................. 23

b) Benthic macro-invertebrate sampling results ...................................................................... 23

c) Terrestrial forest plot monitoring method .............................................................................. 24

d) Terrestrial forest plot monitoring results ................................................................................. 24

e) Education programs ................................................................................................................. 24

Over Threshold Classification ........................................................................................................................ 26

Water Quality Model Review ........................................................................................................................ 27


Year End Report

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Appendices

Appendix 1

Table of 2015 phosphorus sampling and Secchi depth measurement results ............................... 28

Appendix 2

Trophic state of lakes ................................................................................................................................. 30

Appendix 3

Lake survey deck sheet ............................................................................................................................. 32

Appendix 4

Lakes with completed shoreline land use surveys ............................................................................... 34

Appendix 5

Table of 2015 chemical data ................................................................................................................... 37


Year End Report

4

Introduction

With its extensive forests, its 8,000 waterbodies, and more than 13,500 kilometres of rugged

shoreline, Muskoka attracts almost two million visitors each year. Muskoka is a world-class tourist

destination with a large component of the population being seasonal residents with cottages on

its many lakes and rivers.

Continued prosperity in Muskoka depends upon maintaining the natural environment and

clean, healthy water that draws people here. For this reason, the District Municipality of Muskoka

has an interest in the water quality of all the lakes and rivers within its jurisdiction.

In conjunction with the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change, Muskoka has

undertaken a water quality monitoring program since 1980. In total, 193 sites on 164 lakes are

monitored on a rotational basis. These data are collected to support development policy and

represent one of the best municipal water quality data sets in Canada.

Muskoka Water Strategy

In January 2003, The District Municipality of Muskoka expanded its recreational water quality

program and developed the Muskoka Water Strategy. The Strategy is a framework of integrated

and strategic initiatives to protect Muskoka’s water resources. Muskoka spearheads the Strategy

with the support of the Muskoka Watershed Council and with involvement from a wide variety of

organizations, agencies and stakeholders.

The Strategy consists of four broad components:

1. Lake System Health, including lake and watershed monitoring, volunteer–based benthic

monitoring, and stewardship and outreach programs;

2. Communication and community involvement, including the Muskoka Water Web site

(www.muskokawaterweb.ca);

3. The Muskoka Watershed Council, which includes initiatives such as the Muskoka

Watershed Report Card and Best Practices program (www.muskokawatershed.org); and

4. Broader Water Initiatives, such as the Canadian Water Network project and watershed

inventories.

The Strategy emphasizes the development of relationships and the sharing of resources with

other organizations as well as greater community involvement. As the strategy evolves, it will

address new water issues or concerns respecting Muskoka’s water resources and will provide a

structure for future water initiatives.

Lake System Health

Lake System Health is a broad approach to protecting waterbodies that includes recreational

water quality monitoring, enhanced development policy, and a strong stewardship program.

The goal of the Lake System Health Program is to protect lake ecosystems and the social and

economic values they provide. Managing shoreline development without substantially

damaging the natural environment, habitat and trophic status of the waterbody or other

waterbodies within the same watershed is the initial and primary factor in achieving lake health

and sustainable development.

http://www.muskokawaterweb.ca/

http://www.muskokawatershed.org/


Year End Report

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Summary of Lake System Health Monitoring Activities

A key component of the Lake System Health Program is good water quality. Water quality has

been monitored by the District Municipality of Muskoka in conjunction with the Ministry of the

Environment and Climate Change for over 30 years and has produced very good long-term

data records for many key lakes.

The monitoring program is a field-based program that monitors 193 sites on 164 lakes on a

rotational basis. The purpose of the monitoring program is to establish a long-term record of key

water quality parameters so that trends in water quality and lake system health can be

identified and appropriate management decisions can be made to protect lake water quality.

In collaboration with the Dorset Environmental Science Centre (DESC), Secchi depth (a measure

of clarity) and phosphorus concentrations are taken as part of the Provincial Lake Partner

Program. DESC also tests for other parameters, such as pH, conductivity, alkalinity, calcium, and

nitrogen, so that a more complete understanding of lake chemistry can be achieved. While in

the field, Water Quality Technicians also record dissolved oxygen and temperature profiles.

In 2002, a shoreline land use survey was initiated with sixty-eight lakes, bays and river segments

surveyed to date. These surveys document all built structures, the overall condition of the

shoreline and general land-use adjacent to the lake. This information is available to lake

associations, Area Municipalities and other interested parties for planning purposes. In 2013, the

Love Your Lake shoreline assessment protocol was implemented, which is an action-oriented

program that provides resources and training to local organizations. The goal of Love Your Lake

is to deliver engaging and effective programs to help landowners protect and restore their

shorelines.

In 2003 a Biological Monitoring Program was developed for lake associations interested in

becoming more involved in lake monitoring and broader lake planning. Each year, summer staff

are available to train lake residents to undertake volunteer monitoring programs that are based

on standard protocols such as PlantWatch, FrogWatch, forest health and benthic

analysis. Ongoing support is provided to meet the needs of individual associations.

The objective of the biological monitoring program is to develop a network of monitoring

partners to collect a broad range of chemical and biological data, physical lake attributes and

shoreline development data that are in a useful form and can be made accessible to

individuals, associations, businesses and government agencies.

This report is a snapshot in time and contains a summary of the data collected during the 2015

monitoring season. Water quality parameters, such as phosphorus and dissolved oxygen, vary

throughout the year, as well as from year to year. In order to fully understand changes in

environmental quality on a particular lake, it is important to track the long-term trends for that

lake.

Data sheets for individual lakes that track change over time are available on the Muskoka Water

Web (www.muskokawaterweb.ca), by emailing [email protected], or by calling

(705) 646-0111. The 2015 Lake System Health Water Quality Monitoring Program Data Report

contains data sheets for all the lakes monitored in 2015 and can be downloaded from The

District Municipality of Muskoka’s website at www.muskoka.on.ca. Refer to Figure 5 for an

example of a 2015 Lake Data Sheet.


mailto:[email protected]

http://www.muskoka.on.ca/


Year End Report

6

Partners

1) Program Partners

The District Municipality of Muskoka leads and is responsible for the Lake System Health Water

Quality Monitoring Program. Additional funding and extensive technical support is received

from the Water Monitoring Section of the Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch of

the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change at the Dorset Environmental Science

Centre.

The District Municipality of Muskoka has entered into an agreement with the Township of

Seguin to monitor two additional sites on Lake Joseph and one on Lake Rosseau in order to

gain a complete picture of the water quality on these two lakes, which cross municipal

boundaries. Muskoka has also coordinated sampling in the Georgian Bay area with the

Severn Sound Environmental Association to avoid duplication of effort and to make more

effective use of resources.

2) Volunteer Participants

The following associations and organizations participated in the 2015 Lake System Health

Program:

Ontario Stewardship Rangers

Bigwind Lake Cottagers’ Assoc.

Clear Lake Property Owners Assoc.

Leonard Lake Stakeholders’ Assoc.

Menominee Lake Cottagers’ Assoc.

Chub Lake Property Owners’ Assoc.

Lake Waseosa Ratepayers’ Assoc.

Trillium Lakelands District School Board

Patterson’s Bay Assoc.

Muldrew Lake Cottagers’ Assoc.

Bella & Rebecca Lakes Cottagers’

Assoc.

South Muskoka Lake Community Assoc.

Leech Lake Cottagers’ Assoc.

Ada Lake Resident

Tawingo College

Montessori School of Huntsville

Loon & Turtle Lake Cottage Assoc.

Ril Lake Assoc.

Buck Lake Assoc.

Peninsula Lake Assoc.

Pine Lake Ratepayers’ Assoc.

Walker & Pell Lakes Assoc.

Kahshe Lake Ratepayers’ Assoc.

Lake of Bays Association

Gull and Silver Lakes Residents’ Assoc.

Muskoka Family Focus

Muskoka Fathering Coalition

Fox Lake Assoc.

Otter Lake Assoc.

Portage Bay Water Quality Steering Ctte

Skeleton Lake Cottagers Org.

Lake Vernon Assoc.

Georgian Bay Biosphere Reserve

Lake of Bays Heritage Foundation

Township of Lake of Bays

Fairy Lake Assoc.


Year End Report

7

Monitoring Staff

Under the direction of the Director of Environmental and Watershed Programs, two post-

secondary students were hired as Water Quality Technicians for a four-month contract,

beginning in April and ending in August.

The Water Quality Technicians collected water samples for phosphorus testing and analysis of

base chemical parameters, measured Secchi depths, and recorded temperature and dissolved

oxygen concentrations. The technicians were also responsible for conducting shoreline land use

surveys and assisting with the Love Your Lake program.

A Biological Monitoring Technician was hired for a four-month contract beginning in April and

ending in August. Activities undertaken by this staff member included:

Providing volunteer training, primarily on benthic and terrestrial monitoring protocols.

Providing ongoing support and technical information to volunteers and associations

during the monitoring season.

Bringing the data together and developing a reporting structure for individuals and

associations.

The Watershed Planning Technician is responsible for supervising summer students, managing all

of the monitoring data, and developing watershed and lake specific data reports for public

distribution.

Lake System Health Monitoring Program Components

The fieldwork for the 2015 Lake System Health Water Quality Monitoring Program began in late

April and concluded in August. Components of the program included:

Spring phosphorus sampling conducted in May;

Water sample collection for base chemical parameters in May;

Secchi depth measurements collected in May and August;

Temperature and dissolved oxygen readings collected in May and August;

Shoreline land use surveys conducted in June and July; and

Benthic macro-invertebrate sampling and forest health monitoring from May to August.

Table 1 identifies the lakes sampled in 2015, their location, and the program carried out.


Year End Report

8

Table 1: Sites monitored in 2015.

Lake Lake

Number Municipality

Quaternary

Watershed

Parameter

Monitored

Ada 15-1 ML Lake Rosseau Shore/Bug

Atkins 140-1 BR N. Muskoka River Chem

Barron's 225-1 GB Severn River Chem/Shore

Bass 239-1 GR Kahshe River Chem/Shore

Bastedo 248-1 ML Gibson River Chem

Bearpaw 276-1 GR Severn River Chem

Bigwind 413-1 BR S. Muskoka River Chem/Bug/Tree

Bing (Rock) 7327-1 HT Little East River Chem

Black 441-1 ML Lake Muskoka Chem

Brandy 562-1 ML Lake Muskoka Chem

Brooks 590-1 LOB Oxtongue River Chem

Bruce 604-2 ML Lake Rosseau Chem/Shore

Buck 617-1 HT Mary Lake Bug

Camel 702-1 ML Dee River Chem

Chub 7061-1 HT Mary Lake Bug

Clear 884-2 BR Upper Black River Chem

Clear (Torrance) 5419-1 ML Lake Muskoka Bug

Cornall 988-1 GR Severn River Chem

Dark 6913-1 ML Lake Muskoka Chem

Deer 1140-1 GR Lake Muskoka Chem

Devine 1173-1 HT N. Muskoka River Chem

Fairy 1420 HT Mary Lake LYL

Fawn (Deer) 1440-1 BR N. Muskoka River Chem

Flatrock 7243-1 GB Moon River Chem

Fox 1550-1 HT Mary Lake Bug

Galla 1607-1 GB Moon River Chem

Gibson - North 1644-2 GB Gibson River Chem

Gibson - South 1644-1 GB Gibson River Chem

Grindstone 1777-1 LOB U. Black River Chem

Gull 1791-2 GR Lake Muskoka Chem/Bug

Gullwing 1798-1 ML Lake Muskoka Chem

Halfway 6914-1 BR N. Muskoka River Chem

Heney 1942-1 LOB S. Muskoka River Chem

Hesner’s (Everness) 1953-1 ML Moon River Chem

Hoc Roc River – GR Lake Muskoka Bug

Jevins 2155-1 GR Severn River Chem

Kahshe - Grant’s Bay 2217-2 GR Kahshe River Chem/Shore

Kahshe - Main 2217-5 GR Kahshe River Chem/Shore/Bug

Lake of Bays - Dwight Bay 2469-2 LOB Lake of Bays Chem/LYL

Lake of Bays - Haystack Bay 2469-5 LOB Lake of Bays Chem/LYL

Lake of Bays - Rat Bay 2469-9 LOB Lake of Bays Chem/LYL

Lake of Bays - South Muskoka River Bay 2469-11 LOB Lake of Bays Chem/LYL/Bug

Lake of Bays - South Portage Bay 2469-8 LOB Lake of Bays Chem/LYL

Lake of Bays - Ten Mile Bay 2469-10 LOB Lake of Bays Chem/LYL

Lake of Bays - Trading Bay 2469-6 LOB Lake of Bays Chem/LYL


Year End Report

9

Lake Lake

Number Municipality

Quaternary

Watershed

Parameter

Monitored

Leech 2529-1 BR S. Muskoka River Bug

Leonard 2540-3 ML Lake Muskoka Chem/LYL/Bug

Little Go-Home Bay 7064-30 GB Severn River Chem

Longline 6509-1 LOB Lake of Bays Chem

Loon 2807-2 GR Severn River Bug

Mainhood 6916-1 ML Dee River Chem

Margaret (Clear) 2995-1 LOB Upper Black River Chem

Mary 3032-3 HT Mary Lake Chem

Menominee 3181-3 LOB Lake of Bays Chem/Shore/Bug

Morrison 3331-1 GR Severn River Chem

Muskoka River – BR Lake Muskoka Shore

Myers (Butterfly) 3408-1 GB Moon River Chem

Nine Mile 3469-1 ML Gibson River Chem

North Bay 7064-18 GB Severn River LYL

North Muldrew 4074-1 GR Severn River Chem

Otter 6916-1 HT Mary Lake Shore/Bug

Oudaze 4202-1 HT Big East River Chem

Oxbow 4213-2 LOB Oxtongue River Chem

Oxtongue River – LOB Oxtongue River Tree

Paint (St. Mary) 5145-4 LOB Lake of Bays Chem

Pell 6683-1 LOB Lake of Bays Chem

Peninsula 4309 LOB Mary Lake LYL/Bug

Perch (Fish) 4316-1 HT Little East River Chem

Pigeon 4365-1 GR Lake Muskoka Chem

Pine 4379-1 BR S. Muskoka River Chem/Shore

Pine 4378-1 GR Lake Muskoka Bug

Prospect 4468-1 BR Kahshe River Chem

Rebecca 4567-2 LOB Big East River Bug

Ril 4627-2 LOB S. Muskoka River Bug

Riley 4628-1 GR Lower Black River Chem

Rose 4696-1 HT Mary Lake Chem

Rosseau - Brackenrig Bay 2476-12 ML Lake Rosseau Chem

Rosseau - East Portage Bay 2476-11 ML Lake Rosseau Chem/Bug

Rosseau - Main 2476-13 ML Lake Rosseau Chem

Rosseau - North 2476-14 SE Lake Rosseau Chem

Rosseau - Skeleton Bay 2476-10 ML Lake Rosseau Chem

Shoe 4934-2 LOB Lake of Bays Chem

Siding 7326-1 HT Mary Lake Chem

Silver 4951-2 GR Lake Muskoka Chem

Silver 4952-1 ML Lake Muskoka Chem

Six Mile - Cedar Nook Bay 4978-1 GB Severn River Chem

Six Mile - Main 4978-4 GB Severn River Chem

Six Mile - Provincial Park Bay 4978-5 GB Severn River Chem

Skeleton 4982-2 ML Skeleton River Bug

Solitaire 5037-1 LOB Big East River Chem

South Bay 5058-17 GB Severn River Shore/LYL


Year End Report

10

Lake Lake

Number Municipality

Quaternary

Watershed

Parameter

Monitored

South Muldrew 5075-1 GR Severn River Chem/Bug

Sunny 5244-1 GR Kahshe River Chem

Tadenac Bay 7064-19 GB Moon River Chem

Tadenac 5289-1 GB Moon River Chem

Tasso 5303-5 LOB Big East River Chem

Thinn (Reay) 6925-1 BR/GR Lake Muskoka Chem

Three Mile 5362 ML Dee River Shore

Turtle 5485-1 GR Severn River Chem

Vernon - Main 6455-7 HT Mary Lake Bug/Tree

Walker 5710-2 LOB Mary Lake Bug

Waseosa 5741-1 HT Little East River Chem/Bug

Webster 7074-1 GB Gibson River Chem

Wildcat 6928-1 LOB S. Muskoka River Chem

Wolfkin 5954-1 LOB Lake of Bays Chem

Wood 5961-1 BR S. Muskoka River Chem

BR (Bracebridge) GB (Georgian Bay) GR (Gravenhurst) HT (Huntsville) LOB (Lake of Bays) ML (Muskoka Lakes) SE (Seguin)

Chem - Spring Phosphorus & Other Chemical Parameters Bug - Benthic Macroinvertebrate Monitoring

Shore - Shoreline Land Use Survey LYL - Love Your Lake Shoreline Assessment Tree - Forest Health Monitoring

1) Spring phosphorus sampling and other chemical parameters

Phosphorus is the nutrient that controls the growth of algae in most Ontario lakes. For this

reason, an increase in phosphorus in a lake increases the potential for algal blooms. Algal

blooms detract from recreational water quality and, in some cases, affect the habitat of

coldwater fish species such as Lake trout.

Phosphorus samples are collected in the spring during a period called “spring turnover”.

Studies have shown that for lakes on the Precambrian Shield, total phosphorus long-term

means derived using spring turnover data and whole lake means are not significantly

different.1 In some cases, a sample may be taken after a lake has thermally stratified (see

section 3b) but before biological activity has altered the phosphorus concentration in each

layer. Studies conducted at the Dorset Environmental Science Centre demonstrate that

phosphorus samples taken in April (during turnover), May (late turnover-early stratification)

and early June (weakly stratified) are not significantly different.2

By sampling spring phosphorus each year it is possible to detect a change in the nutrient

status of a lake. Several years of data must be collected before it is possible to determine

normal phosphorus levels and between-year differences. It is only at that point that trends in

phosphorus can be identified.

Phosphorus is a natural substance required by all living organisms. It enters a lake naturally

through sediment and precipitation, which cannot be controlled by human activities.

Human inputs of phosphorus to Muskoka’s recreational lakes are primarily through septic

1 Clark, Bev J. , Paterson, Andrew M. , Jeziorski, Adam and Kelsey, Susan (2010). 'Assessing variability in total phosphorus

measurements in Ontario lakes', Lake and Reservoir Management, 26: 1, 63 - 72, First published on: 24 March 2010 (iFirst) 2 ibid.


Year End Report

11

system seepage and surface runoff from sources such as lawn fertilizer runoff and agricultural

runoff. Planning policy targets these activities to reduce human phosphorus inputs. Municipal

wastewater will also add phosphorus to a waterbody. However, Muskoka sewage treatment

plants all have tertiary treatment with phosphorus reduction technology.

Sampling for spring phosphorus and other chemical parameters in 2015 was conducted from

May to early June. A total of 84 sites were sampled on 70 lakes.

Figure 1 identifies the 70 lakes that were sampled for spring phosphorus, Secchi depth,

temperature, dissolved oxygen and other chemical parameters in 2015.

a) Sampling method

A composite water sample for spring phosphorus was taken to the Secchi depth

measurement. Two samples were taken for each lake and these readings were

averaged.

b) Spring phosphorus results

Figure 2 summarizes the 2015 spring phosphorus results.

Lakes with phosphorus concentrations below 10 micrograms per litre (g/L) are

considered oligotrophic or unenriched. Those with a phosphorus concentration falling

between 11 and 20 g/L are termed mesotrophic or moderately enriched, while lakes

with a phosphorus concentration exceeding 20 g/L are called eutrophic and are

considered enriched. Refer to Appendix 2 for general characteristics of oligotrophic,

mesotrophic, and eutrophic lakes.

As recommended in the 2008 report Review of Long-Term Water Quality Data for the

Lake System Health Program prepared by Gartner Lee Limited, spring phosphorus results

were analyzed for bad splits and outliers. A bad split occurs when a greater than 25%

variance is found between duplicate samples taken at each site. Where a bad split is

found, the higher value is generally discarded. The average spring phosphorus data was

then analyzed to determine the validity of the 2015 measurement in the long term data

series for each lake using the methods outlined in the above report. Data points

determined to be outliers were excluded from the calculation of a lake’s 10-year

average.

c) Other chemical parameters

Water samples collected in the spring are analyzed for a variety of parameters, including

pH, alkalinity, conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, calcium, chloride, colour, sodium,

nitrogen, and sulphate. Collection of these data provides information on the chemical

characteristics of the lake and can highlight changes in water chemistry. Table 2 gives a

definition of each parameter and Appendix 5 contains the chemical data for each lake

sampled in 2015.

39

8

21

2235

35

6060

9

51

14

2

118

117

10

9

2

10

23

11

3

592

6

20

6

6

50

37

4215

16

37

4

44

46

11

13

19

18

41

49

36

17

11

1

2

31

3

45

35

47

24

4

141

3

30

13

13

169

4

118

27

25

2629

7

28

169

7

400

32

5

33

3448

38

400

12

11

10

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Brooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks LkBrooks Lk

Oxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow LkOxbow Lk

Solitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire LkSolitaire Lk

Longline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline LkLongline Lk

Pell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell LkPell Lk

Wildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat LkWildcat Lk

Pine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine LkPine Lk

Menominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee LkMenominee Lk

Heney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney LkHeney Lk

Prospect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect LkProspect Lk

Bing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing LkBing Lk

Devine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine LkDevine Lk

Fawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn LkFawn Lk

Atkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins LkAtkins Lk

Thinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn LkThinn Lk

Siding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding LkSiding Lk

Wolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin LkWolfkin Lk

Shoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe LkShoe Lk

Margaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret LkMargaret Lk

Grindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone LkGrindstone Lk

Rose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose LkRose Lk

Mainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood LkMainhood Lk

Camel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel LkCamel Lk

Leonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard LkLeonard Lk

Bearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw LkBearpaw Lk

Silver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver LkSilver Lk

Black LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack LkBlack Lk

Bruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce LkBruce Lk

Webster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster LkWebster Lk

Flatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock LkFlatrock Lk Brandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy LkBrandy Lk

Waseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa LkWaseosa Lk

Perch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkPerch LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze LkOudaze Lk

Tasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso LkTasso Lk

Mary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary LkMary Lk

Wood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood LkWood Lk

Jevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins LkJevins Lk

Turtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle LkTurtle Lk

North Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew LkNorth Muldrew Lk

Pigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon LkPigeon Lk

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Bastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo LkBastedo Lk

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Gibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson LkGibson Lk

Hesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners LkHesners Lk

Gullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing LkGullwing Lk

Deer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer LkDeer Lk

Morrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison LkMorrison Lk

Kahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe LkKahshe Lk

Riley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley LkRiley Lk

Nine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile LkNine Mile Lk

Myers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers LkMyers Lk

Paint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint LkPaint Lk

Little Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home BayLittle Go Home Bay

Gull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew Lk

Bass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass Lk

Tadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac BayTadenac Bay

Six Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile LkSix Mile Lk

The information contained herein may be erroneous, inaccurate or misleading. The parties compiling and/or disclosing the information make no warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy of any or all of the information contained herein.

Any party relying on this information does so at their own risk and shall not, under any circumstances, make any claim against anyone on the grounds that the information was erroneous, inaccurate or misleading.

The Ontario Road Network Database is the property of the Government of Ontarioand is used under licence from the Government of Ontario.

Produced by the District of Muskoka under licence fromOntario Ministry of Natural Resources, Copyright (c) Queens Printer 2016.INCLUDES MATERIAL © 2016 OF THE QUEEN’S PRINTER FOR ONTARIO. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

This road network information has been generated or adapted from Ontario RoadNetwork Database, a database built from source data provided by the Municipalitiesof Ontario to the Government of Ontario under licence.

\\muskoka.local\dm\ped\WATER\WATQUAL\Monitoring Program\Report Maps\2015\MONITORED LAKES 2015 Chemical 11x17.WOR

FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1FIGURE 1

LAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMLAKE SYSTEM HEALTH PROGRAMMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICALMONITORED LAKES ‐ CHEMICAL

2015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015

Chemical


Year End Report

13

Table 2: Chemical water quality parameters monitored in 2015.

Water Quality

Parameter What Is It Why Measure It Recommended Limit

Alkalinity

(mg/L)

A measure of a lake’s “buffering capacity” or its

ability to neutralize acids. Alkalinity comes from

rocks and soils, salts, plant activities, and industrial

wastewater discharges.

It is a measure of a lake’s sensitivity

to acid inputs, such as rainfall or

snowmelt.

Values of 20-200 mg/L are

common in freshwater systems;

lakes below 10 mg/L are

susceptible to acidification.

Calcium

(mg/L)

The most commonly found substance in water,

normally from bedrock leaching and effluent

discharge. An important element for aquatic life

and for pH buffering in lakes. It is the main

component causing water hardness.

High amounts can cause algae

problems and water hardness. Low

amounts can cause corrosion,

water softness, and affect species

diversity.

Water is considered hard at

levels above 120 mg/L and soft

below 60 mg/L. Muskoka,

being on the Canadian Shield,

has extremely soft water.

Chloride

(mg/L)

A salt compound that results from the combination

of chlorine gas and a metal. Small amounts are

required for normal cell functions in plant and

animal life. Sources include rock, agricultural

runoff, industrial wastewater and sewage

treatment effluent.

Chloride ion (Cl-) in lake water is

considered an indicator of human

activity.

High levels (>250 mg/L) affect

fish and aquatic communities.

Colour

(TCU)

A shade or tint imparted to water that is often

caused by organic materials created when

vegetation decays. Lakes with high DOC tend to

have more colour.

Dissolved mineral matter, such as

iron and manganese, may also

produce colour.

Aesthetic objective in drinking

water is 5 TCU. Lakes naturally

range from 0-300 TCU.

Conductivity

(S/cm)

The ability of water to pass an electric current. It

indicates the physical presence of dissolved salts

(ions) in the water, such as chloride, sulphate,

phosphate, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron and

aluminium. Pure water has low conductivity.

The higher the conductivity, the

more dissolved solids are in the

water. Conductivity increases with

increasing temperature.

Natural waters tend to be

between 50-1500 S/cm.

Dissolved

Organic

Carbon (DOC)

(mg/L)

The most abundant element found in all organisms.

In aquatic environments, organic carbon is

produced by plant photosynthesis and bacterial

growth. Leaching of humic substances and

decomposition of plants and animals are other

natural sources.

Water high in DOC tends to be

more tea-coloured. In addition to

natural sources, human-related

sources of DOC include

agricultural runoff and municipal

and industrial effluents.


water is 5 mg/L. Values above

7 mg/L are considered high for

recreational use.

Sodium

(mg/L)

A highly soluble metal found everywhere in the

water environment. Major sources include road

salt, agricultural runoff, geological formations and

water softeners.

High levels can cause algae

problems and can be toxic to

aquatic life.


water is 200 mg/L. Levels over

20 mg/L may affect people on

sodium-reduced diets.

Nitrate (NO3)

(g/L)

Nitrate is the primary form of nitrogen used by

plants as a nutrient to stimulate growth.

Elevated levels may indicate

pollution from sewage or

agricultural runoff and can lead to

increased algal growth and

eutrophication.

Natural levels in surface water

are typically less than 1 mg/L

(1000 g/L). Drinking water

objective is a maximum of 10

mg/L.

Total Kjeldahl

Nitrogen (TKN)

(g/L)

A measure of both ammonia and organic forms of

nitrogen. Major sources include sewage treatment

plant effluent, agricultural runoff and

development.

Excessive amounts contribute to

eutrophication of lakes creating

algal blooms that can negatively

impact aquatic life.

Lakes with high TKN values and

high TP values may be prone

to excessive algae growth.

pH

A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration in

water, on a scale of 1 to 14 with 7 being neutral.

The lower the pH of water, the more acidic it is.

Extreme changes in pH impair the reproduction of

aquatic life and species diversity.

The distribution of aquatic

organisms and the toxicity of some

common pollutants are strongly

affected by pH.

Provincial water quality

objective is between 6.5 and

8.5. pH values below 5 and

above 9 are harmful to

organisms.

Sulphate

(mg/L)

Sulphate is natural in many minerals but is often

derived from acidic deposition (acid rain). High

amounts that exceed the buffering capacity of a

lake can reduce the pH.

High levels can reduce the pH in a

lake by increasing the acidity

levels.

Drinking water standard is 500

mg/L.


Year End Report

14

2) Secchi depth measurements

Secchi depth is a measurement of water clarity. In Muskoka, the major determinant of water

clarity may be either natural colour, determined by dissolved organic carbon (DOC)

content, or an increase in nutrient input from the surrounding watershed.

A lake may naturally be a brown colour due to high levels of DOC that come from the

wetlands in a watershed. DOC colours lakes brown and reduces water clarity, but is not an

indication of nutrient enrichment. Examples of lakes with naturally high DOC content include

Brandy Lake and Fawn Lake.

Water clarity can also decrease as nutrients from the surrounding watershed enter and

enrich the lake, resulting in high levels of suspended sediments or algal growth.

Water clarity can change weekly or yearly as a result of weather, length of winter ice cover,

shoreline development, natural seasonal trends or other impacts. However, when the

primary determinant of water clarity is a function of nutrient enrichment, a long-term trend

that indicates a reduction in water clarity is an indication of reduced water quality.

a) Sampling method

Secchi depth readings were taken once in May and once in August for each lake.

Readings were obtained over the deepest part of the lake by lowering the Secchi disc

into the water until it disappeared (value A). The disc was then raised until it reappeared

(value B). The average of the two values is the Secchi depth reading [(A+B) 2].

b) Secchi depth measurement results

Figure 3 summarizes the Secchi depth measurements for 2015.

In general, where a lake is not coloured by DOC, the higher the Secchi depth reading,

the clearer the lake and the less nutrients it contains. Lakes with Secchi depth

measurements over five metres are considered oligotrophic or unenriched. Those with a

Secchi depth measurement between three and five metres are termed mesotrophic or

moderately enriched, while lakes with a Secchi depth measurement below three metres

are called eutrophic and are considered enriched. Refer to Appendix 2 for general

characteristics of oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic lakes.

In some instances in shallow lakes, Secchi depth measurements may be limited by the

depth of the lake, resulting in a low Secchi depth reading even though the lake is low in

DOC and otherwise clear.

In Georgian Bay, where Zebra mussels and Quagga mussels feed on the phytoplankton,

nutrients are transferred from deeper water to the shoreline area resulting in a high

density of shoreline aquatic vegetation and high Secchi depth readings in deeper water.

In this situation, Secchi depth readings do not provide a true indication of the trophic

status of the water body.

2015 Lake System Health Water Quality Monitoring Program Year End Report

15


16

3) Temperature and dissolved oxygen measurements Temperature is a measure of the intensity of heat stored in a volume of water. Temperature patterns affect the solubility of many chemical compounds and influences the effects of pollution on aquatic life. Dissolved oxygen is a measure of the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water. Adequate concentrations of dissolved oxygen are necessary for the survival of fish and other aquatic organisms. Dissolved oxygen concentration is an indicator of a lake’s ability to support

aquatic life. Dissolved oxygen levels above 5 milligrams per litre (mg/L) are considered optimal for most aquatic organisms. Most fish cannot survive if levels fall below 3 mg/L. For coldwater species, such as Lake trout, a minimum of 6 mg/L is needed, along with a temperature below 10 C. Lakes with dissolved oxygen readings below 0.5 mg/L are considered anoxic.

a) Sampling method Temperature and dissolved oxygen readings were taken once in May and once in August for each lake. Readings were taken with a dissolved oxygen metre (YSI ProODO Optical DO Meter) with the first reading at 0.5 metres from the surface, the second at 1 metre, and continuing down in one-metre increments to a depth of 10 metres. Readings were then taken in two metre increments to within one metre of the bottom. Values were recorded on the Lake Survey Deck Sheet (Appendix 3).

b) Temperature and dissolved oxygen measurement results The combination of thermal stratification and biological activity causes characteristic patterns in water chemistry. In the summer, deep lakes stratify with warm water on top and cold water below. Because cold water is more dense than warm water, these two layers do not mix and atmospheric oxygen cannot reach the bottom layer. In general, the dissolved oxygen concentration in the epilimnion (top layer of water in a lake) remains high throughout the summer because of photosynthesis, which produces oxygen, and diffusion of oxygen from the atmosphere. Conditions in the hypolimnion (the bottom layer of water in a lake) vary with trophic status (see Appendix 2 for characteristics of trophic levels). In these deep regions of the lake, dissolved oxygen declines during the summer because organisms continue to consume oxygen. In some lakes, the bottom layer may eventually become anoxic (totally devoid of oxygen). Lakes that are less than nine meters deep are generally too shallow to stratify and remain mixed all year. Smaller lakes that are less than twenty meters deep, like Mainhood Lake, tend to go anoxic at the bottom of the lake naturally at the end of the summer because the hypolimnion is not large enough to store


17

the oxygen required to support a full season of natural processes. The plant and animal life in these lakes have adapted to this annual variation in available oxygen. In oligotrophic lakes, low plant growth and increased water clarity allows deeper light penetration. Algae are able to grow deeper in the water column and less oxygen is consumed by decomposition.

Figure 4: Typical temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles for eutrophic and oligotrophic lakes throughout the year (adapted from Figure 8-1 in Wetzel, R.G. 1975. Limnology. W.B. Saunders Company).

The following is an example of temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles for one lake monitored in 2015. Temperature and dissolved oxygen profiles for each lake monitored in 2015 are available on the Muskoka Water Web at www.muskokawaterweb.ca or in the 2015 Lake System Health Monitoring Program Data Report.

Lake of Bays – South Portage Bay



18 18

It is evident from the profiles on the previous page that there is ample dissolved oxygen in May with about 11 mg/L. The temperature is around 5 C throughout the water column. By August, the water temperature at the surface has risen to 23 C and drops sharply to 4 C at a depth of approximately 8 meters. This is called the thermocline. At the thermocline, dissolved oxygen concentration increases slightly with the decrease in temperature because cold water holds more oxygen than warm water. Below the thermocline, oxygen is approximately 9 mg/L, making this lake a healthy lake for coldwater fish species such as Lake trout.

Figure 5: Example of a 2015 Lake Data Sheet.


Year End Report

19

4) Shoreline land use survey

The shoreline land use survey was started in the summer of 2002 to collect data on shoreline

vegetation, shoreline structures and the first 20 meters of land around a water body. All of

the information gathered will contribute to the growing database of the lakes in Muskoka.

See Appendix 4 for a list of waterbodies with completed shoreline land use surveys. In 2015,

six (6) lakes were surveyed and five (5) waterbodies originally surveyed between 2003 and

2006 were resurveyed.

a) Survey method

Six lakes were surveyed and five waterbodies were resurveyed in 2015 (see Table 1 and

Figure 7). Field data were collected and entered into a database and graphically

mapped using MapInfo Professional.

b) Shoreline land use survey results

Figure 6 is an example of a completed shoreline land use survey map.

Table 3 is a summary of the results of the land use survey for one of the lakes surveyed in

2015. Summaries for these areas are available in the 2015 Lake System Health Water

Quality Monitoring Program Data Report. Completed maps are available from the

Muskoka Water Web site at www.muskokawaterweb.ca.

Table 3: Summary of land use survey data for Otter Lake in Huntsville.

Shoreline Backlot Structures

Type Length

(m) Percent Type

Area

(m2) Percent Type Count

Mixed Forest 854.30 25.79 Mixed Forest 55,425.54 57.00 Crib Dock 4

Rock 427.06 12.89 Thinned Forest 13,050.45 13.42 Floating Dock 14

Shrub 1,504.68 45.43 Overgrowth 4,927.38 5.07 Pole Dock 15

Wetland 212.23 6.41 Rock Barren 297.71 0.31 Deck 1

Man-made Beach 91.58 2.76 Wetland 153.17 0.16 Shed 1

Stone Wall 18.35 0.55 Buffered Lawn 13,094.20 13.47

Unbuffered Lawn 204.11 6.16 Unbuffered Lawn 10,287.17 10.58

Total 3,312.31 100.00 Total 97,235.62 100.00

Natural 2,998.27 90.52 Natural 55,876.42 57.46

Altered 314.04 9.48 Altered 41,359.20 42.54 Total 35



20 20

Figure 6: Shoreline survey map for Otter Lake in Huntsville.

39

8

21

2235

35

6060

9

51

14

2

118

117

10

9

2

10

23

11

3

592

6

20

6

6

50

37

4215

16

37

4

44

46

11

13

19

18

41

49

36

17

11

1

2

31

3

45

35

47

24

4

141

3

30

13

13

169

4

118

27

25

2629

7

28

169

7

400

32

5

33

3448

38

400

12

11

10

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Rebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca LkRebecca Lk

Gull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkGull LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew LkSouth Muldrew Lk

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Oxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue RiverOxtongue River

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Muskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka RiverMuskoka River

Bass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass LkBass Lk

South BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth BaySouth Bay

The information contained herein may be erroneous, inaccurate or misleading. The parties compiling and/or disclosing the information make no warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy of any or all of the information contained herein.

Any party relying on this information does so at their own risk and shall not, under any circumstances, make any claim against anyone on the grounds that the information was erroneous, inaccurate or misleading.

The Ontario Road Network Database is the property of the Government of Ontarioand is used under licence from the Government of Ontario.

Produced by the District of Muskoka under licence fromOntario Ministry of Natural Resources, Copyright (c) Queens Printer 2016.INCLUDES MATERIAL © 2016 OF THE QUEEN’S PRINTER FOR ONTARIO. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

This road network information has been generated or adapted from Ontario RoadNetwork Database, a database built from source data provided by the Municipalitiesof Ontario to the Government of Ontario under licence.

P:\WATER\WATQUAL\Monitoring Program\2015\Report Maps\MONITORED LAKES 2015 Other 11x17.WOR

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2015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015201520152015

Love Your Lake

Shoreline

Terrestrial

Benthic


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5) Love Your Lake Program

Love Your Lake (LYL) is a program developed by Watersheds Canada (WC) and the Canadian Wildlife Federation (CWF) being carried out in several areas of Ontario, including Muskoka. Each of the areas has a local delivery agent to oversee the program, with resources, training, expertise and some funding given by WC and CWF. In Muskoka, the delivery agent is the Muskoka Watershed Council with the assistance of The District Municipality of Muskoka through the Lake System Health program. Lake assessments are conducted with the assistance of the local lake association and other community volunteers. The core of the LYL program is an evaluation of the shoreline quality of every property on a lake followed by outreach to landowners with a personalized property report and information package as well as suggested actions for shoreline enhancement.

a) Survey method Completing the properties on Lake of Bays was the focus of the Love Your Lake program in 2015, as identified in Table 1 and Figure 7. In total, 1,150 properties on Lake of Bays were assessed in 2015 by a Shoreline Technician using a standard evaluation protocol. The information was input into the LYL database and was used to generate custom property reports for each landowner and an overall shoreline status report for the lake. The Lake of Bays Association was the community partner involved in carrying out the 2015 Love Your Lake program.

In addition to shoreline assessments being conducted on Lake of Bays, lake level reports were completed for Leonard, Peninsula and Fairy Lakes, which were assessed in 2013. The lake level report presents the data collected per property into a lake-wide summary on shoreline classifications, building setbacks, development (including structures and docks), retaining walls, erosion, aquatic cover, aquatic substrate, other shoreline observations, slope, lawns, and buffers. The report is intended to be a resource for the lake association and community to use as a source of baseline shoreline data to compare future shoreline data to over time.


23

b) Shoreline Renaturalization Program A subsidized shoreline renaturalization program was carried out as part of the Love Your Lake Program through funding from Fisheries and Oceans Canada’s Recreational Fisheries

Conservation Partnerships Program. The program was carried out on individual waterfront properties in order to reduce the negative impacts on fish habitat from runoff, erosion, vegetation removal, and nutrient loading. Three properties on Lake of Bays were renaturalized in 2015.

6) Biological Monitoring Program

In 2003 Muskoka’s existing monitoring program was enhanced with a volunteer biological monitoring program. The Biological Monitoring Technician provided training for lake volunteers and developed a program of ongoing support to meet the needs of individual associations. The 2015 biological monitoring program focused on the Ontario Benthos Biomonitoring Network (OBBN) benthic monitoring protocol and the canopy-tree stratum biodiversity monitoring protocol originally developed for the Ecological Monitoring and Assessment Network (EMAN), which supplement existing lake monitoring and shoreline land use data.

a) Benthic macro-invertebrate sampling method The benthic macro-invertebrate sampling protocol required the collection and classification of macro-invertebrates from a variety of developed and undeveloped sites of the near shore environment. The program follows the standard protocol for benthic analysis developed by the Ontario Benthos Biomonitoring Network (OBBN), spearheaded by the Ministry of the Environment through the Dorset Environmental Science Centre. The Kick and Sweep method was used to collect samples and the Teaspoon method was the sub-sampling method used to collect organisms from within the sample.

b) Benthic macro-invertebrate sampling results In 2015, benthic sampling occurred at 27 sites on 24 lakes and 1 river across Muskoka. See Table 1 for a list and Figure 7 for a map of the areas involved in the 2015 benthic macro-invertebrate sampling program. Aquatic Invertebrate Data Sheets for each site sampled in 2015 are available in the 2015 Lake System Health Water Quality Monitoring Program Data Report. They can also be accessed on the Muskoka Water Web site at www.muskokawaterweb.ca. Figure 8 is an example of an Aquatic Invertebrate Data Sheet.



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c) Terrestrial forest plot monitoring method

Terrestrial forest plots require the establishment of a 20-metre by 20-metre permanent

plot. All the trees are then identified, tagged and classified according to health.

Monitoring is done every five years within the plot. Various other aspects of forest health

can also be monitored within the standard plot, including decay rates, tree

regeneration, lichen diversity, and salamander occurrence.

Terrestrial forest plots were established and monitored based on the canopy-tree stratum

biodiversity monitoring protocol developed by EMAN.

d) Terrestrial forest plot monitoring results

In 2015, one plot that was established in 2004 was remeasured on Burnt Island in Bigwind

Lake and two new plots were established, one at Marsh’s Falls on the Oxtongue River

and the other on Lake Vernon. See Table 1 for a list and Figure 7 for a map of the

locations of the 2015 terrestrial forest plots.

e) Education programs

Hands-on workshops and presentations to youth are an increasingly important

component of the Biological Monitoring Program. The two most requested programs are

the “What is a Watershed” presentation featuring a functioning table-top watershed

model (provided in cooperation with the Muskoka Watershed Council) that

demonstrates the components of a watershed and how our actions affect the functions

of a healthy watershed; and the “Bugs in the Mud” presentation, which allows

participants to learn about why benthic macroinvertebrates are monitored, how to

identify the critters found in Muskoka’s lakes, and provides the opportunity to process a

water sample themselves.

One or both of these programs were presented to almost 700 youths at several venues

throughout the year, including:

TLDSB school groups

Private school groups

Montessori school groups

Community groups

Muskoka Family Focus events


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Figure 8: Example of an Aquatic Invertebrate Data Sheet.


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Over Threshold Classification

The District Municipality of Muskoka classifies lakes based on their sensitivity to phosphorus inputs

as an indicator of lake health. Lakes in Muskoka are some of the cleanest and best recreational

lakes in Canada. In order to preserve our good water quality, Muskoka has taken a very

conservative approach to development around our lakes.

An acceptable threshold for phosphorus has been determined for each lake in Muskoka, as

detailed in the report entitled Recreational Water Quality Management in Muskoka – Technical

Review of the Water Quality Model, 2005 prepared by Gartner Lee Limited. The threshold level of

a lake is 50% above the predicted background or undeveloped TP concentration. This threshold

is restrictive because Muskoka believes that action taken when small changes have been

identified will protect our good water quality in the future. This threshold value, when compared

to measurements of current water quality, serves as an indicator of lake enrichment and the

sensitivity of the lake to phosphorus loading.

There are two criteria that must be examined to determine if a lake has exceeded its

acceptable threshold for phosphorus. If a lake meets both of these criteria, then it is considered

to be Over Threshold:

1. Total phosphorus concentration, as estimated by the Muskoka Water Quality Model,

exceeds the “Background + 50%” threshold; and

2. Long-term measured total phosphorus concentration, as determined by Muskoka’s Lake

System Health Monitoring Program, also exceeds the “Background + 50%” threshold

value.

Where a lake is considered over threshold, restrictive planning policy will be implemented as

detailed in the Official Plan of the Muskoka District Area and the District of Muskoka will work with

the Area Municipality, Lake Ratepayer associations and other interested parties to prepare and

implement a Remedial Action Program (RAP) for the lake. The District Municipality of Muskoka

will provide technical support and data when a RAP is initiated.

A lake that is Over Threshold will be de-listed only after the 10-year long-term average of total

phosphorus is less than the threshold established for the lake and there have been three

consecutive phosphorus measurements below its threshold value. In the event that a 10-year

review of the model is underway, lakes will not be listed as being Over Threshold nor delisted as

no longer being Over Threshold until the model review is complete.

Lakes may approach or exceed their threshold value for phosphorus loading for a variety of

reasons, both from human sources and from changes in the natural system. Human sources of

phosphorus are attributed to such activities as:

Nutrient loading from septic systems;

Use of phosphorus-based cleaning supplies; and

Loss of native shoreline vegetation, especially the diverse forest environment that has

traditionally ringed many of our lakes. As lawns replace trees, fertilizer runoff, stormwater

and soil erosion wash higher loads of phosphorus into our lakes.


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Some significant recent changes in the natural system have been attributed to climate change.

It is unclear at this time what long-term impact climate change will have on our lakes and rivers,

although scientists are indicating that they are beginning to see a significant ‘climate signal’ in a

variety of recent lake attributes including recreational lake water quality.

Planning policy can only directly address increases in human produced phosphorus.

Development policy adopted by the District of Muskoka and the Area Municipalities is a

conservative approach to development that will strengthen our natural systems and may buffer

climate change impacts. Several recent studies confirm that protecting, maintaining and

enhancing the health and diversity of ecosystems is essential to long-term sustainability of

watersheds that will be stressed by the changing climate.

Currently there are thirty-six (36) lakes or bays that are considered Over Threshold, or have a

higher concentration of phosphorus than is considered healthy for that particular lake. Because

of the stringent standards established by the District of Muskoka, twenty-nine (29) of the lakes

identified as being Over Threshold have a phosphorus concentration of less than 10 µg/L and

are considered oligotrophic, meaning they are clear and have good water quality. These high

standards have been established because the objective of Muskoka’s Lake System Health

Program is to maintain our excellent water quality and the natural variation in phosphorus

concentration in lakes over time.

The District of Muskoka will continue to monitor these lakes and work with Area Municipalities

and Lake Ratepayer associations to address lake-specific issues. In particular, the District of

Muskoka will:

1) Implement restrictive development policy for new lot creation and redevelopment of

property, as outlined in the Muskoka Official Plan;

2) Undertake shoreline land use surveys;

3) Prepare limits to growth assessments;

4) Provide stewardship advice in conjunction with the Muskoka Watershed Council;

5) Continue to monitor and report on water quality; and

6) Consult with the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change on water quality issues.

Water Quality Model Review

A review of the Recreational Water Quality Model is currently underway and is expected to be

completed in early 2016. This review is expected to address recent changes in the existing

provincial approach and the related scientific background to the model since its last update

was completed in 2005.


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Appendix 1

Table of 2015 phosphorus sampling and Secchi depth measurement results


Year End Report

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2015 phosphorus sampling and Secchi depth measurement results

Lake Name Ave TP

(µg/L)

Ave Secchi

(m) Lake Name

Ave TP

(µg/L)

Ave Secchi

(m)

Atkins 7.8 2.4

Margaret 5.3 6.5

Barrons 13.9 2.1

Mary 8.1 3.0

Bass (GR) 23.1 1.9

Menominee 8.7 1.9

Bastedo 5.4 4.6

Morrison 7.2 2.8

Bearpaw 11.7 1.4

Myers 6.8 3.1

Bigwind 5.3 4.8

Nine Mile 10.3 1.8

Bing 6.6 3.6

North Muldrew 8.0 2.5

Black 16.9 1.5

Oudaze 11.9 2.0

Brandy 19.3 1.0

Oxbow 6.4 3.4

Brooks 8.1 3.8

Paint 8.3 3.3

Bruce 9.1 3.1

Pell 10.3 2.1

Camel 8.3 2.8

Perch 9.6 1.5

Clear (BR) 4.4 5.3

Pigeon 7.1 3.8

Cornall 9.6 2.5

Pine (BR) 6.3 3.3

Dark 8.0 3.0

Prospect 7.3 3.0

Deer 6.4 6.8

Riley 15.5 2.3

Devine 11.9 2.1

Rose 15.8 1.6

Fawn 14.9 1.4

Rosseau - Brackenrig Bay 7.9 3.0

Flatrock 6.1 2.8

Rosseau - East Portage Bay 5.6 4.3

Galla 5.4 3.3

Rosseau - Main 3.7 5.8

Gibson - North 10.1 2.4

Rosseau - North 5.1 4.3

Gibson - South 11.8 2.3

Rosseau - Skeleton Bay 5.4 3.8

Grindstone 11.5 3.6

Shoe 5.7 4.8

Gull 5.1 3.8

Siding 13.0 1.1

Gullwing 12.6 2.4

Silver (GR) 8.1 2.6

Halfway 9.5 2.0

Silver (ML) 11.0 4.3

Heney 4.0 4.6

Six Mile - Cedar Nook Bay 8.3 4.1

Hesner's 7.3 2.5

Six Mile - Main 8.0 4.0

Jevins 14.0 1.9

Six Mile - Provincial Park Bay 7.1 3.8

Kahshe - Grant's Bay 11.4 2.8

Solitaire 4.0 6.9

Kahshe - Main 11.5 2.8

South Muldrew 7.2 2.8

Leonard 6.3 3.1

Sunny 5.4 3.5

Little Go-Home Bay 8.3 5.6

Tadenac 5.6 3.3

LOB - Dwight Bay 6.8 3.9

Tadenac Bay 6.3 3.5

LOB - Haystack Bay 4.1 5.8

Tasso 4.5 4.4

LOB - Rat Bay 6.9 3.8

Thinn 11.3 2.8

LOB - South Muskoka River Bay 3.5 5.6

Turtle 7.1 3.6

LOB - South Portage Bay 4.6 4.4

Waseosa 8.7 2.4

LOB - Ten Mile Bay 4.3 4.5

Webster 17.5 1.5

LOB - Trading Bay 3.8 5.8

Wildcat 4.8 3.0

Longline 4.9 4.8

Wolfkin 5.4 4.5

Mainhood 15.2 3.3

Wood 7.1 3.0

BR (Bracebridge) GR (Gravenhurst) ML (Muskoka Lakes)


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Appendix 2

Trophic state of lakes


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Trophic state of lakes

The trophic state of a lake is one method of classifying lakes by water quality. There are three

broad categories of trophic states: Oligotrophic, Mesotrophic, and Eutrophic. Lakes are

categorized based on their nutrient levels and water clarity.

Lakes naturally age, with oligotrophic lakes gradually changing to mesotrophic and then

eutrophic lakes over geologic time. Allowing nutrients into the lakes through agriculture,

fertilizers, street runoff, effluent discharge, and storm drains can speed up this process.

Trophic Level

Phosphorus

Concentration

(g/L)

Secchi Disc

Measurement

(m)

Characteristics

Oligotrophic <10 >5

Are generally clear, deep, and free of

weeds and large algae blooms

Are low in nutrients, have low primary

production, and do not support large fish

populations

May support Lake trout

Watershed usually contains few wetlands

Mesotrophic 11 - 20 3 - 4.9

Have more nutrients and production than

an oligotrophic lake, but not as much as a

eutrophic lake

Have some aquatic vegetation and

wetland areas that support a wide variety

of wildlife

Are able to support a wide variety of fish,

e.g. bass

Eutrophic >21 <2.9

Are the most productive lakes and tend to

be shallow

Normally have larger areas of aquatic

vegetation

Generally have large wetland areas in their

watersheds

May be subject to algae blooms

Support large fish populations, with rough

fish being common

Are susceptible to oxygen depletion in the

hypolimnion


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Appendix 3

Lake survey deck sheet


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2015 Lake Survey Deck Sheet

Lake: _______________________________________ Date: _______________________

Municipality: ________________________________ Time: _______________________

Weather: Sunny Cloudy Raining Windy Temp: ___

Sample Number: ____ Secchi Depth: ____ _____________ ___

Secchi Colour: Brown Green Composite Depth: ________________

Depth Temp DO Depth Temp DO

0.5 26

1 28

2 30

3 32

4 34

5 36

6 38

7 40

8 42

9 44

10 46

12 48

14 50

16 52

18 54

20 56

22 58

24 60

Technicians: ___________________________ Equipment: YSI ProODO Other

Notes: i.e.: Directions, Access, or any problems encountered…

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________


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Appendix 4

Lakes with completed shoreline land use surveys


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Lakes with completed shoreline land use surveys

Waterbody Municipality Year

Ada Lake Muskoka Lakes 2015

Barron’s Lake Georgian Bay 2015

Bass Lake Gravenhurst 2015

Baxter Lake Georgian Bay 2006

Bella Lake Lake of Bays 2002, Updated 2013

Bird Lake Bracebridge 2007

Brandy Lake Muskoka Lakes 2002, Updated 2013

Brooks Lake Lake of Bays 2011

Bruce Lake Muskoka Lakes 2005, Updated 2015

Cardwell Lake Muskoka Lakes 2012

Clear Lake Bracebridge 2012

Clear Lake Muskoka Lakes 2010

Clearwater Lake Gravenhurst 2007

Clearwater Lake Huntsville 2007

Dark Lake Muskoka Lakes 2007

Dotty Lake Lake of Bays 2012

Flatrock Lake Georgian Bay 2011

Fox Lake Huntsville 2003, Updated 2013

Go Home Lake Georgian Bay 2007

Grindstone Lake Lake of Bays 2012

Gull Lake Gravenhurst 2006

High Lake Muskoka Lakes 2011

Lake Joseph Muskoka Lakes 2007/2008/2009

Joseph River Muskoka Lakes 2010

Kahshe Lake Gravenhurst 2015

Leech Lake Bracebridge 2006

Leonard Lake Muskoka Lakes 2006

Little Long (Rutter) Lake Muskoka Lakes 2010

Long (Bala) Lake Muskoka Lakes 2006

Long’s (Utterson) Lake Huntsville 2006

Longline Lake Lake of Bays 2007

Loon Lake Gravenhurst 2004, Updated 2014

Mary Lake Huntsville 2008


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Waterbody Municipality Year

McKay Lake Bracebridge 2006

Medora Lake Muskoka Lakes 2010

Lake Menominee Lake of Bays 2015

Mirror Lake Muskoka Lakes 2011

Moon River – Bala Reach Muskoka Lakes 2009

Muldrew Lake (North & South) Gravenhurst 2003, Updated 2014

Lake Muskoka – Muskoka Bay Gravenhurst 2007

Muskoka River (confluence to mouth) Bracebridge 2003, Updated 2015

Myers (Butterfly) Lake Georgian Bay 2011

Nutt Lake Muskoka Lakes 2006

Otter Lake Huntsville 2015

Paint (St. Mary) Lake Lake of Bays 2005

Pell Lake Lake of Bays 2006

Pine Lake Bracebridge 2005, Updated 2015

Prospect Lake Bracebridge 2012

Rebecca Lake Lake of Bays 2002, Updated 2014

Ril Lake Lake of Bays 2004, Updated 2014

Riley Lake Gravenhurst 2002, Updated 2014

Lake Rosseau – Brackenrig Bay Muskoka Lakes 2007

Lake Rosseau – East Portage Bay Muskoka Lakes 2011

Silver Lake Muskoka Lakes 2006

Six Mile Lake Georgian Bay 2005, Updated 2014

Skeleton Lake Muskoka Lakes/Huntsville 2012

South Bay Georgian Bay 2003, Updated 2015

Spring Lake Bracebridge 2006

Stewart Lake Muskoka Lakes 2010

Sunny Lake Gravenhurst 2012

Three Mile Lake Muskoka Lakes 2004, Updated 2006, 2015

Tooke Lake Lake of Bays 2006

Turtle Lake Gravenhurst 2004, Updated 2014

Twelve Mile Bay Georgian Bay 2004, Updated 2014

Lake Vernon Huntsville 2002, Updated 2012

Walker Lake Lake of Bays 2006

Lake Waseosa Huntsville 2002, Updated 2014

Wood Lake Bracebridge 2006


Year End Report

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Appendix 5

Table of 2015 chemical data


Year End Report

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Table of 2015 chemical data

Lake Name Date Alkalinity Calcium Chloride Colour Conductivity DOC Sodium NO3 TKN

pH Sulphate

(dd/mm/yyyy) mg/L mg/L mg/L TCU µS/cm mg/L mg/L µg/L µg/L mg/L

Atkins 06/05/2015 7.28 3.32 2.52 56.6 35.7 7.6 2.03 108 298 6.68 2.70

Barrons 02/06/2015 27.10 8.86 42.90 60.7 206.0 8.2 24.90 6 459 7.19 1.75

Bass (GR) 14/05/2015 6.70 2.46 2.16 70.5 31.0 6.8 2.20 26 428 6.71 2.65

Bastedo 22/05/2015 7.06 2.62 1.41 17.9 28.7 4.2 1.52 60 280 6.82 2.15

Bearpaw 22/05/2015 6.32 2.72 1.16 100.0 23.9 8.9 1.10 56 378 6.69 1.10

Bigwind 11/05/2015 3.57 1.66 0.48 19.8 21.1 4.0 0.76 68 215 6.60 3.10

Bing 04/05/2015 3.47 1.40 0.30 28.7 17.5 3.7 0.75 102 194 6.47 2.50

Black 12/05/2015 5.72 2.54 6.10 73.7 42.6 7.6 4.93 14 356 6.78 1.30

Brandy 09/05/2015 7.98 2.70 5.01 92.7 42.9 9.3 3.24 8 429 6.85 1.80

Brooks 13/05/2015 7.83 2.80 0.32 16.5 29.3 4.0 0.93 104 270 6.87 3.55

Bruce 07/05/2015 10.80 3.50 2.90 27.0 43.8 4.3 2.53 82 273 7.05 3.10

Camel 08/05/2015 2.45 1.86 0.82 63.9 20.4 8.8 0.94 118 327 6.23 2.25

Clear (BR) 29/04/2015 7.01 2.86 0.64 6.1 26.5 2.3 0.82 74 206 6.73 3.10

Cornall 25/05/2015 11.30 4.04 41.90 62.4 178.0 6.8 22.80 28 437 6.88 1.60

Dark 12/05/2015 8.40 3.52 5.53 23.6 51.5 4.1 4.33 90 277 6.95 3.45

Deer 22/05/2015 4.83 1.54 0.87 9.4 19.7 2.9 0.94 34 229 6.64 1.75

Devine 05/05/2015 2.88 1.46 0.50 58.6 18.0 6.4 0.79 116 269 6.25 2.05

Fawn 05/05/2015 2.45 1.64 0.97 73.5 20.0 7.4 1.04 96 296 6.24 2.10

Flatrock 26/05/2015 6.48 3.12 5.90 27.1 50.7 4.4 4.09 174 227 6.77 3.55

Galla 26/05/2015 5.20 2.00 0.42 35.1 20.7 6.6 0.76 80 314 6.57 2.10

Gibson - North 27/05/2015 6.17 2.44 5.68 59.7 42.9 6.8 3.95 40 344 6.71 1.85

Gibson - South 27/05/2015 6.23 2.08 2.57 64.7 28.9 7.0 2.23 46 364 6.67 1.45

Grindstone 12/05/2015 3.43 2.30 18.10 36.4 84.7 5.6 13.50 24 269 6.52 2.90

Gull 25/05/2015 13.50 5.22 15.50 22.0 93.7 3.8 10.50 52 239 7.00 3.15

Gullwing 12/05/2015 5.52 2.20 3.98 54.8 34.2 6.4 3.32 54 327 6.67 1.45

Halfway 06/05/2015 2.96 2.74 19.80 57.0 91.0 6.7 13.10 102 286 6.25 2.80

Heney 06/05/2015 1.67 1.26 0.94 18.0 17.7 3.7 0.79 78 236 6.10 2.65

Hesner's 12/05/2015 5.59 2.80 3.72 59.1 36.8 7.3 2.98 134 325 6.73 1.95


Year End Report

39


pH Sulphate


Jevins 06/05/2015 16.00 6.76 84.60 76.4 333.0 7.5 50.40 12 356 7.45 2.15

Kahshe - Grant's Bay 14/05/2015 5.64 2.22 1.52 45.4 26.6 6.0 1.63 92 307 6.70 2.10

Kahshe - Main 14/05/2015 5.63 2.12 1.68 46.0 26.5 6.0 1.69 74 310 6.68 1.95

Leonard 09/05/2015 4.42 2.06 4.47 25.1 37.6 5.3 3.03 100 222 6.56 3.10

Little Go-Home Bay 21/05/2015 49.30 16.60 15.90 28.4 167.0 5.1 9.58 92 330 7.65 6.00

LOB - Dwight Bay 01/05/2015 3.49 1.90 2.44 34.2 29.2 4.4 2.31 232 178 6.45 3.05

LOB - Haystack Bay 01/05/2015 5.40 2.36 2.60 14.5 34.5 3.1 2.26 152 151 6.65 3.40

LOB - Rat Bay 01/05/2015 4.44 2.06 2.43 31.7 30.9 4.3 2.40 204 181 6.55 2.55

LOB - South Muskoka River Bay 01/05/2015 4.94 2.24 2.85 17.9 34.9 3.4 2.47 166 137 6.61 3.60

LOB - South Portage Bay 01/05/2015 4.81 2.30 2.45 22.6 32.9 4.0 2.42 182 153 6.60 3.35

LOB - Ten Mile Bay 01/05/2015 5.57 2.28 2.62 17.5 33.6 3.3 2.33 162 141 6.63 3.25

LOB - Trading Bay 01/05/2015 4.73 2.14 2.28 8.8 31.8 3.0 2.13 154 161 6.58 3.30

Longline 20/05/2015 9.81 3.00 1.65 12.9 36.1 2.8 1.29 46 236 6.88 3.60

Mainhood 30/04/2015 4.34 1.72 0.75 49.9 21.0 5.2 1.05 130 258 6.53 1.75

Margaret 20/05/2015 3.58 1.36 0.30 12.0 17.5 2.1 0.56 46 190 6.45 2.70

Mary 30/04/2015 5.49 2.80 5.79 52.4 46.7 5.7 4.36 252 199 6.59 3.35

Menominee 05/05/2015 2.60 2.30 9.51 65.4 52.4 6.8 6.35 116 252 6.21 2.45

Morrison 19/05/2015 9.53 3.54 5.63 51.3 48.1 6.4 3.85 48 357 6.87 2.15

Myers 27/05/2015 5.41 2.62 8.42 38.7 50.4 4.9 4.36 62 294 6.62 1.70

Nine Mile 22/05/2015 3.28 1.62 0.74 81.6 17.6 8.0 0.84 54 360 6.41 0.90

North Muldrew 19/05/2015 9.43 3.62 7.09 56.9 52.3 6.0 4.61 62 306 6.84 1.75

Oudaze 04/05/2015 5.32 2.28 0.92 57.7 26.9 6.6 1.46 136 270 6.66 2.50

Oxbow 13/05/2015 3.49 1.80 0.60 33.9 21.7 5.1 0.99 174 221 6.54 2.75

Paint 15/05/2015 7.41 2.72 3.59 31.7 41.3 4.4 2.90 52 229 6.86 3.55

Pell 20/05/2015 2.74 1.18 1.25 55.4 19.0 5.5 1.20 24 353 6.35 2.00

Perch 04/05/2015 4.95 2.68 6.62 54.7 48.6 5.4 4.66 112 242 6.68 3.35

Pigeon 22/05/2015 4.85 1.60 0.54 17.9 18.2 3.7 0.65 44 233 6.58 1.75

Pine (BR) 28/05/2015 6.54 2.58 0.63 27.4 26.6 4.4 0.99 42 267 6.80 3.15

Prospect 28/05/2015 4.26 2.14 9.22 33.3 53.6 4.8 7.23 46 288 6.55 2.75

Riley 14/05/2015 6.43 2.18 0.47 66.9 22.4 6.9 0.96 70 340 6.69 1.35


Year End Report

40


pH Sulphate


Rose 30/04/2015 0.56 1.00 0.19 72.8 12.5 6.8 0.56 92 287 5.61 1.85

Rosseau - Brackenrig Bay 07/05/2015 8.86 3.44 5.41 21.6 51.8 3.8 4.02 162 189 6.91 3.75

Rosseau - East Portage Bay 07/05/2015 8.08 3.50 5.62 20.3 51.8 3.9 4.12 192 185 6.95 3.70

Rosseau - Main 07/05/2015 7.86 3.36 5.75 16.6 52.4 3.5 4.20 194 157 6.84 3.95

Rosseau - North 07/05/2015 6.85 3.08 5.15 25.9 47.7 4.1 3.86 216 159 6.79 3.85

Rosseau - Skeleton Bay 07/05/2015 6.85 3.32 5.67 20.8 50.6 3.3 4.03 256 144 6.83 3.95

Shoe 15/05/2015 4.69 1.94 1.28 19.7 25.0 3.9 1.06 60 232 6.59 2.65

Siding 30/04/2015 2.08 1.72 8.96 98.7 47.4 8.1 6.60 80 354 6.11 1.85

Silver (GR) 25/05/2015 7.33 2.66 2.30 44.2 31.7 5.6 1.88 20 304 6.85 2.15

Silver (ML) 09/05/2015 19.10 5.80 11.00 9.7 89.0 3.6 7.24 4 355 7.26 3.30

Six Mile - Cedar Nook Bay 21/05/2015 35.50 11.80 9.74 25.8 114.0 5.7 5.55 86 306 7.36 4.75

Six Mile - Main 21/05/2015 36.50 11.80 8.83 36.9 114.0 5.3 5.84 96 296 7.52 4.35

Six Mile - Provincial Park Bay 21/05/2015 44.30 14.20 16.00 30.3 155.0 5.3 9.68 38 314 7.61 5.45

Solitaire 20/05/2015 5.42 2.00 0.53 16.3 23.7 2.3 0.74 64 209 6.74 3.25

South Muldrew 19/05/2015 9.67 3.60 7.32 59.3 53.0 6.5 4.75 78 298 6.81 1.90

Sunny 25/05/2015 6.37 2.22 1.78 27.7 27.3 5.0 1.62 72 262 6.79 1.80

Tadenac 26/05/2015 4.44 1.68 0.38 34.8 20.3 6.3 0.82 72 287 6.67 2.00

Tadenac Bay 26/05/2015 47.40 10.40 3.54 32.5 91.7 5.1 2.64 138 288 7.28 6.05

Tasso 13/05/2015 3.00 1.58 0.34 19.9 19.4 3.5 0.78 194 230 6.46 2.50

Thinn 05/05/2015 8.69 3.20 2.03 46.0 34.1 6.5 1.68 70 286 6.85 2.60

Turtle 19/05/2015 14.30 5.76 26.80 40.0 131.5 5.0 14.70 116 281 6.99 2.75

Waseosa 04/05/2015 5.18 2.30 1.32 50.6 28.3 4.6 1.54 204 194 6.59 3.15

Webster 27/05/2015 13.30 7.26 48.40 83.3 211.0 8.9 25.60 12 447 6.95 4.05

Wildcat 06/05/2015 3.12 1.22 0.52 12.9 17.0 3.2 0.71 42 198 6.63 2.60

Wolfkin 15/05/2015 6.89 3.66 38.00 20.6 163.0 3.6 23.10 150 226 6.79 3.80

Wood 29/04/2015 4.44 2.54 5.36 29.1 40.9 4.0 3.74 122 200 6.62 3.30

BR (Bracebridge) GR (Gravenhurst) ML (Muskoka Lakes)

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