land at bedminster parade bedminster …...including bedminster library (still in use) and the...

LAND AT BEDMINSTER PARADE BEDMINSTER

BRISTOL

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION

JUNE 2003

For

PG ENTERPRISES LIMITED

CA REPORT: 03064

LAND AT BEDMINSTER PARADE BEDMINSTER

BRISTOL

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION

CA PROJECT: 1433 CA REPORT: 03064

Author: Jonathan Hart

Approved:

Signed:

Mark Collard

…………………………………………………………….

Issue: 01 Date: 5th June 2003

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

© Cotswold Archaeology

Headquarters Building, Kemble Business Park, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ Tel. 01285 771022 Fax. 01285 771033 E-mail: [email protected]

Land At Bedminster Parade, Bedminster, Bristol: Archaeological Evaluation

1


CONTENTS

SUMMARY........................................................................................................................3

1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................ 4

The site ................................................................................................................ 4

Archaeological background.................................................................................. 4

Archaeological objectives .................................................................................... 5

Methodology ........................................................................................................ 5

2. RESULTS................................................................................................................... 6

Trench 1 (figure 3) ............................................................................................... 6

Trench 2 (Figure 4) .............................................................................................. 6

Trench 3 (figure 5) ............................................................................................... 7

Trench 4 (figure 6) ............................................................................................... 7

The Finds ............................................................................................................. 7

3. DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................. 8

Introduction .......................................................................................................... 8

Conclusions ......................................................................................................... 8

4. CA PROJECT TEAM.................................................................................................. 9

5. REFERENCES........................................................................................................... 9

APPENDIX 1: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS...................................................................... 10

APPENDIX 4: LEVELS OF PRINCIPAL DEPOSITS AND STRUCTURES...................... 15

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 Site Location Plan


2


Figure 2 Trench Location Plan

Figure 3 Trench 1 Plan and Section





3


SUMMARY

Site Name: Land at Bedminster Parade

Location: Bedminster, Bristol

NGR: ST 5882 7188

Type: Evaluation

Date: 12-23 May 2003

Location of Archive: Bristol City Museum

Site Code: BPB 03

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in May 2003 at the

request of PG Enterprises Limited on land at Bedminster Parade, Bedminster, Bristol. In

compliance with an approved project design, a total of 4 trenches were excavated across the

development area.

A similar sequence of deposits was identified throughout the evaluation. Alluvial deposits at

the base were sealed by imported make-up layers which were probably associated with the

construction of a series of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century walls. These were in turn

sealed by nineteenth- and twentieth-century make-up layers associated with the extant

buildings and open areas on site.


4


1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In May 2003 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation

for PG Enterprises Limited at Land at Bedminster Parade, Bedminster, Bristol

(centred on NGR: ST 5882 7188; Fig. 1). The evaluation was undertaken to

accompany a planning application for a mixed-use redevelopment of the site.

1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a detailed project specification

produced by CA (2003) and approved by the Local Planning Authority acting on the

advice of Mr RH Jones, Bristol City Archaeologist. The fieldwork also followed the

Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation issued by the Institute of

Field Archaeologists (1999). It was monitored by Bob Jones, including site visits on

the 16th and 21st of May 2003.

The site

1.3 The site is approximately 0.4ha in area and contains a number of standing buildings,

including Bedminster Library (still in use) and the former Bedminster Police Station,

as well as areas of open space. The site is located in an urban area bounded by

dwellings to the north, Bedminster Parade to the east, Regent Road to the south and

New Charlotte Street to the west (Fig. 2). It lies at approximately 8.5m AOD.

Archaeological background

1.4 A detailed archaeological desk-based assessment of the site was carried out by CA

(CA 2002) and should be consulted for a full developmental history of the site. to

summarise, the site lies within an area of possible medieval settlement extending

along what is now Bedminster Parade out of the Redcliffe suburb of Bristol into

Somerset, crossing the Brightbow Bridge over the Malago Brook close to the south

of the site. Little is known about the character or extent of this medieval settlement

and physical evidence for the early post-medieval period has also been sparse.

Ashmead’s plan of 1828 shows a central lane between two linear property rows

crossing the northern part of the site and this may indicate a back lane to post-

medieval or earlier properties fronting onto the main street frontage (now Bedminster

Parade) to the east, with further plots extending to the west. The southern part of the


5


site is depicted as containing a more piecemeal arrangement of properties. All the

buildings depicted on the 1828 plan were demolished between the 1830’s and early

1850’s and a Temperence Hall, chapel and the first Bedminster police station were

constructed along Bedminster parade. Subsequently, terraced housing was built

along New Charlotte Street, the police station was rebuilt on a larger scale and

between 1903 and 1914 Bedminster Library was built on the southern part of the

site.

Archaeological objectives

1.5 The objectives of the evaluation were to establish the character, quality, date,

significance and extent of any archaeological remains or deposits surviving within

the site. This information will assist the Local Planning Authority in making an

informed judgement on the likely impact upon the archaeological resource by the

proposed development.

Methodology

1.5 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of 4 trenches ranging from 7.5m to 28.5m in

length and from 1.5m to 2.5m in width.

1.7 All trenches were excavated using a mechanical excavator equipped with a

toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant

archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon.

All trenches were then hand cleaned and recorded in accordance with the CA

Technical Manual 1: Excavation Recording Manual (1996).

1.8 All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with the CA Technical Manual

3: Treatment of Finds Immediately After Excavation (1995).

1.9 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their

offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the site archive

(including artefacts) will be deposited with Bristol City Museum.


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2. RESULTS

2.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of

the recorded contexts and finds are to be found in Appendices 1 and 2 respectively.

Details of the relative heights of the principal deposits and features expressed as

metres above Ordnance Datum (m AOD) appear in Appendix 3.

Trench 1 (figure 3)

2.3 The earliest encountered deposit was alluvium 154/158, exposed in two machine-

dug sondages, sealed by a weathered alluvium which had been cut by feature 155,

the fill of which contained a clay tobacco pipe stem. This was overlain by a series of

make-up deposits from which nineteenth-century and earlier finds were recovered

and the uppermost of which, 146 and 150, were seen to butt a number of masonry

walls. A small pit 125, and cut 134, had been cut into the uppermost dumped layers.

2.4 The walls exposed within the trench were on a different alignment to that of the

extant standing buildings and consisted of faced limestone stone walls with rubble

cores all of which were bonded with yellowish lime mortar. Wall 145 formed the

westernmost extent of the exposed walls and was butted by wall 144 which defined

a rectangular cellar space, the inner faces of which were washed with lime plaster.

Although the relationship of these walls to wall 138/139 was not apparent within the

trench, their alignments and construction suggest that they were all roughly

contemporary. Some stones within wall 139 showed traces of soft pinkish mortar,

but it was evident that this was clinging to re-used stones rather than relating to an

in situ earlier build. Mortar layers 136 and 137 appeared to be associated with the

walls and may indicate a construction level or floor underlay. Several robbing

events had been directed at walls 138/139. In addition, pits 121 and 123 had

apparently been dug up against the western (?external) face of wall 145.

2.5 The remaining deposits consisted of nineteenth- and twentieth-century make-up

deposits and services, a buried flagstone surface 102 and the extant tarmac surface

101.

Trench 2 (Figure 4)


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2.6 The earliest encountered deposits were clay alluvium 204 and weathered alluvium

203 which were similar to those identified in trench 1. These were sealed by a series

of post-medieval dumped layers from which post-medieval finds were recovered and

which, beyond the confines of the trench, were covered by deposits associated with

the standing remains of nineteenth-century terraced dwellings.

Trench 3 (figure 5)

2.7 This trench contained a similar sequence to that exposed in trench 1 starting with a

layer of probable clay alluvium 318 covered by garden soil 319. This was sealed by

a series of make-up deposits the uppermost of which were 305 and 317 and from

two of which nineteenth-century finds were recovered. These had been cut into by

construction cuts for masonry walls 304 and 311 the former of which was bonded

with a hard grey mortar and the latter of which was unbonded.

2.8 The remaining deposits consisted of nineteenth- and twentieth-century dumped

layers and services, sealed by the extant car park tarmac 301.

Trench 4 (figure 6)

2.9 The earliest encountered deposits consisted of a sequence of make-up layers the

latest of which, 418, contained post-medieval finds and was cut by the construction

cuts for masonry walls 409/411 and 413. These were bonded by a hard grey mortar

and probably defined an entrance. They were flanked by two similar and parallel

walls 407 and 414 the full widths of which were not apparent within the confines of

the trench. An insubstantial clay and mortar surface 415 was present across much

of the trench and appeared to be associated with the construction of the walls.

2.10 The remaining deposits consisted of nineteenth- and twentieth-century make-up

layers and services, sealed by the extant tarmac 401.

The Finds

2.6 All recovered finds dated to the post-medieval and modern periods. The earliest

finds dated to the seventeenth or eighteenth centuries but were residual within later

contexts. Make-up layer 422 contained wasters and sprues relating to the

manufacture of mid to late nineteenth-century chinaware. However, this material


8


was imported to the site and no indication of its provenance was apparent. A finds

report is available as Appendix 4.

3. DISCUSSION

Introduction

3.1 Three of the four trenches contained masonry walls dating in trench 1 to the

eighteenth century, in trench 3 to the twentieth century and in trench 4 to the

nineteenth century. Although no occupation surfaces were identified, the cellar in

trench 1 was not fully excavated and may contain preserved flooring, and walls 138

and 413 in trenches 1 and 4 respectively stepped out at what may have been the

level of a removed floor.

3.2 The walls in trench 1 were not exposed to their full depth but since they do not

appear on the 1828 plan and were butted by, and therefore earlier than, layers from

which nineteenth-century pottery was recovered, a pre-1828 date is likely. This

accords with the mortar used to bond the walls which is typical of eighteenth-century

mortars seen elsewhere in Bristol such as at Broadquay (CA *****). The alignment of

these walls may be significant, differing as it does from the present structural

alignments, in that it may be a relic of the medieval tenement plots.

3.3 The walls in trench 3 all post-dated deposits from which nineteenth-century finds

were recovered. Given this and the insubstantial nature of the walls, it is likely that

they belonged to external features such as garden walls or outbuildings associated

with dwellings indicated on the 1st edition Ordnance Survey plan of 1883.

3.4 The walls in trench 4 also post-dated layers from which nineteenth-century finds

were recovered and are likely to relate to the Free Library marked on the 1st edition

Ordnance Survey plan of 1883.

Conclusions

3.5 The evaluation has been successful in identifying eighteenth- and nineteenth-

century structural remains, physical evidence for which has been sparse in

Bedminster previous to this work. Although no earlier deposits were exposed, the


9


alignment of the identified walls, differing as it does from that of the current street

frontages and building plots, may be a relic of the alignments of medieval building

plots.

4. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Jon Hart, assisted by Joss Davis and Mike Rowe. The report

was written by Jon Hart, assisted by Joss Davis. The illustrations were prepared by Pete

Moore. The archive has been compiled by Jon Hart, and prepared for deposition by Ed

McSloy. The project was managed for CA by Mark Collard.

5. REFERENCES

CA 2002 Land at Bedminster Parade, Bedminster, Bristol: Archaeological Desk-Based

Assessment and Building Assessment. CA typescript report 02102

CA 2003 Land at Bedminster Parade, Bedminster, Bristol: Written Scheme of Investigation

for an Archaeological Evaluation.


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APPENDIX 1: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench 1 Context Description 101 Tarmac and make-up: extant car park / yard. Tarmac 0.05m in depth, Make-up 0.15m thick. 102 Slab surface: limestone flags c0.6m x 0.6m x 0.08m (l x w x d) on black ashy bedding layer 0.04m thick 103 Levelling deposits: crushed cement and brick 0.15m thick, grey/brown clay silt with rubble fragments

0.4m thick, and crushed mortar with brick fragments 0.12m thick. 104 Construction cut for culvert 105 105 Limestone walled and capped culvert 106 Limestone and brick walled manhole 107 Backfill of 104: limestone fragments in a grey-brown sandy silt matrix. 108 Backfill of 104: mid brown clay silt . 109 Possible surface: black crushed cinder layer, 0.16m thick. 110 Construction cut for culvert 111. 111 Brick walled, slate capped culvert. Bricks handmade, reused, and unbonded. 112 Backfill of 110: mid brown sandy silt with crushed CBM, mortar and stone fragments 114 Construction cut for culvert 115. 115 Brick and stone walled culvert with limestone capping. Bricks handmade. 116 Backfill of 114: black ashy silt 117 Construction cut for culvert 118. 118 Brick walled, slate capped culvert. 119 Cut of pit. Oval in plan, unexcavated. 120 Backfill of pit: black ashy silt with CBM fragments. 121 Cut of pit. Oval in plan, unexcavated. 122 Fill of pit: mid brown silty clay containing articulated bones of small animal, possibly a cat. 123 Cut of pit. Oval in plan, unexcavated. 124 Fill of pit: balck ashy silt with CBM fragments. 125 Cut of pit. Oval in plan, unexcavated. 126 Fill of pit: mid brown silty clay containing articulated bones of small animal possibly a cat. 127 Cut of robber trench. Unexcavated. 128 Fill of robber trench: mid grey-brown clay silt with crushed mortar, mortar lumps and limestone

fragments. 129 Cut of robber trench. Excavated as a machine-dug sondage 130 Fill of robber trench: mid grey-brown clay silt with crushed mortar, mortar lumps and limestone

fragments. 131 Cut of robber trench. Unexcavated. 132 Fill of robber trench: mid grey-brown clay silt with crushed mortar, mortar lumps and limestone

fragments 133 Backfill of ?cellar; mid grey-brown clay silt with stone, CBM and pottery fragments. 134 Ditch running NW-SE, possibly a cultivation trench. Unexcavated but depth exposed in machine

sondage. 135 Fill of cultivation trench 134: brown-black ashy silt. 136 Crushed yellow lime mortar layer possibly at construction level of wall 138. Unexcavated. 137 Crushed yellow lime mortar layer possibly floor make-up. Unexcavated 138 Limestone wall footings: up to 5 courses with yellow lime mortar. Limewash on northern face. Not

excavated to full depth. 0.5m wide with 0.05m step out at ?floor level. 139 Limestone wall footings: roughly faced, with rubble core. Bonded with yellow lime mortar, with pinkish

mortar adhering to some stones. Only upper course exposed. 0.62m wide. 140 Make-up layer butting wall 139: mid grey-brown silty clay. Unexcavated. 141 Make-up layer butting wall 139: mid brown silty clay. Unexcavated. 142 Crushed yellow mortar layer, possibly a construction level. Unexcavated. 143 Brick walled, limestone capped culvert, bonded with grey mortar. 144 Limestone ?cellar wall with return butting wall 145 to form a rectangular room with the southern limit

defined by the likely continuation of wall 138/139. Roughly faced with rubble core. Bonded with yellow mortar. Limewash on inner face. Not excavated to full depth but at least 0.44m in height. 0.63m wide.

145 Limestone wall footings: roughly faced with rubble core. Bonded with yellow lime mortar. Not excavated to full depth but at least 0.5m in height. 0.64m wide.

146 Possible yard/lane surface or underlay to surface butting wall 145: dark greyish brown silty clay. 0.14m thick.

147 Make-up layer: mid greyish brown silty clay. 0.13m thick.


11


148 Make-up layer: mid red brown silty clay. 0.1m thick. 149 Make-up layer: angular ?limestone fragments within a grey brown silty clay matrix. 0.3m thick. 150 Garden soil: dark grey-black sandy silt. 0.3m thick. 151 Make-up layer: mid grey brown silty clay. 0.3m thick. 152 Make-up layer: mid red brown clay silt with ?limestone fragments. 0.25m thick. 153 Weathered alluvium: mid grey brown silty clay. 0.15m thick. 154 Alluvium: mid grey-green clay. Not excavated to full depth. 155 Pit. Sub-rectangular in plan. Unexcavated. 156 Fill of pit. Only visible during machining. 157 Make-up layer: mid red brown silty clay. 0.75m thick. 158 Alluvium, same as 154. Trench 2 Context Description 201 Make-up layers: crushed mortar, dark brown silty clay with CBM fragments, Black silty clay with CBM

fragments. 1.20m in total thickness. 202 Make-up layer: greyish-brown mudstone within a grey-brown silty clay matrix. 0.50m thick. 203 Weathered alluvium: dark brown silty clay. 0.1m thick. 204 Alluvium: dark brown silty clay. Unexcavated. Trench 3 Context Description 301 Tarmac and make-up. 0.35m thick. 302 Make-up layers: several layers assigned a single number, all with CBM fragments. 0.88m thick. 303 Make-up layer: mid brown silty clay with yellow and red clay lumps. 0.13m thick. 304 Limestone wall footings: 4 courses, unfaced, bonded by hard grey mortar. Occasional hand-made

bricks included in build. Full depth exposed: 0.18m high x 0.46m wide. 305 Make-up layer: mid brown clay silt. 0.08m thick. 306 Make-up layer: redeposited red sandstone in a red sand matrix. 0.28m thick. 307 Make-up layer: mid brown clay silt. 0.3m thick. 308 Make-up layer: light green grey silty clay. Unexcavated. 309 Brick wall seen only in end section of trench and mostly obscured by cement mortar. Appeared to be

modern red brick with cement bonding. 0.42m high. 310 Construction cut for wall. 311 Limestone wall footings: unworked, unbonded and unfaced. 0.5m wide x 0.42m high. 312 Service trench. 313 Ceramic drainage pipe and backfill of cut. 314 Make-up layer: light grey silty clay. Not fully excavated but at least 0.22m thick. 315 Make-up layer: CBM, crushed mortar and limestone fragments in black ashy silt matrix. 0.4m thick. 316 Make-up layer: crushed CBM fragments and mortar flecks in mid grey brown clay silt matrix. 0.28m

thick. 317 Make-up layer: crushed yellow mortar. 0.07m thick. 318 Probable alluvium: mid green grey silty clay. Unexcavated. 319 Possible garden soil: dark green grey silty clay. 0.1m thick. 320 Make-up layer: dark blue grey silty clay. 0.68m thick. Trench 4 Context Description 401 Tarmac surface and grey road-stone make-up. 0.2m thick. 402 Make-up layer: mid grey brown sandy silt with crushed mortar, mortar lumps, CBM and stone

fragments. 0.1m thick 403 Service trench. 404 Ceramic foul/drainage pipe and cut backfill. 405 Service trench. 406 Ceramic foul/drainage downpipe and cut backfill. 407 Limestone wall footings: roughly squared blocks, unfaced with some handmade red brick fragments

and halves in build. Bonded by hard grey mortar with charcoal flecks and slag lumps. 0.15m wide


12


(but possibly truncated by service trench 403) x 0.6m high. 408 Construction cut for wall footings 409. Unexcavated. 409 Limestone wall footings forming a squared plinth onto which the eastern end of wall 411 was built:

roughly squared blocks, unfaced. Bonded by hard grey mortar. Not excavated to full depth but at least 0.48m high. 0.76m wide.

410 Backfill of 408: mid grey-brown silty clay. Unexcavated. 411 Limestone wall footings the eastern end of which was built onto footing plinth 409: roughly squared

blocks with occasional brick fragments, similar mortar to that of 407. 0.32m wide x 0.25m high. 412 Construction cut for wall 413. 413 Limestone wall footings: roughly squared blocks, roughly faced with rubble core. Bonded with hard

grey mortar. Stepped out at base. 0.73m wide at base, 0.6m wide for main build x 0.88m in total height.

414 Limestone wall footings: roughly squared blocks with occasional handmade half red bricks in build, same bonding as 407. O.5m high. Full width not exposed within trench.

415 Possible construction surface seen throughout most of the trench: compact and level, but thin, layer of mid brown silty clay with crushed mortar flecks. 0.04m thick.

416 Ditch or trench aligned E-W. 1.4m wide x 0.5m deep. 417 Fill of 416, dark greyish brown silty clay with mortar and occasional brick and stone fragments 418 Make-up layer: crushed light pinkish white mortar with mortar lumps and frequent limestone

fragments and occasional brick fragments. Not fully excavated but at least 0.2m thick 419 Make-up layer: dark brown silty clay with mortar and rubble. not fully excavated but at least 0.8m

thick 420 Make-up layer: mid orange brown silty clay. 0.50m thick. 421 Make-up layer: mid brown silt. 0.19m thick. 422 Make-up layer: black ash and clinker with fragments of ceramic drain pipe and whiteware pot wasters

and sprue. 0.47m thick.


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APPENDIX 2: THE FINDS by Ed McSloy The artefactual assemblage consists of small quantities of pottery, glass, clay tobacco pipe and ceramic building material all of later post-medieval and modern date. Of interest is a small quantity of material associated with pottery manufacture of likely mid or late nineteenth century date from context 422. Much of the remaining material has been discarded (see concordance, below). The earliest material consists of 4 sherds of glazed red earthenware of probable Somerset manufacture, which probably date to the seventeenth or eighteenth centuries. Small quantities of clay tobacco pipe, flat roof tile and pantile may also be of this date. However most or all of the earlier material is residual in contexts datable to the nineteenth or twentieth centuries. Modern pottery consists of plain white or blue transfer print decorated chinaware and stoneware containers. Clay tobacco pipe bowls are plain spurred types of probable nineteenth century date. Non-ceramic material is restricted to a few fragments of post-medieval or modern bottle glass and a bone flat brush (from context 103) – this with some bristles remaining. The material from 422 includes chinaware sherds with transfer-printed floral and faux Chinese designs. Also present are small bar-like fragments of china clay, of lozenge, 6-pointed star or triangular section, some of which are glazed and feature splashes of blue colouring. These items presumably represent spacer bars/sprues used in the firing process. Concordance of finds 103 7 sherds of modern pottery (234g): English stoneware, white china (discarded) 2 clay pipe bowl fragments (15g): plain, 1 spurred (discarded) bone brush: flat form, with longitudinal grooves and green copper alloy staining to back Spot date C19th 108 1 fragment clay pipe stem (4g). (discarded) 1 fragment post-medieval bottle glass (4g) (discarded) 1 fragment flat roof tile (27g) (discarded) Spot date: post-medieval/modern 133 6 sherds post-medieval and modern pottery: glazed red earthenware, English stoneware, white china

(discarded) 1 fragment animal bone (3g) (discarded) 1 oyster shell (discarded) blast furnace slag (187g) (discarded) Spot date C19th-C20th 135 1 sherd modern pottery (4g): white china (discarded) 1 fragment clay pipe stem (3g) (discarded) Spot date C19th+ 136 1 fragment post-medieval vessel glass (101g): C18? Wine/spirits bottle Spot date: post-medieval 146 1 sherd modern pottery (10g): white china, transfer print decorated (discarded) Spot date C19th+ 149 2 sherds modern pottery (17g): white china; English stoneware (discarded) 1 fragment clay pipe bowl (6g): plain spurred type, prob. LC18-C19 Spot date: modern 156 1 fragment clay pipe stem (1g) (discarded) Spot date: post-medieval/modern 157 3 sherds modern pottery (65g): white china; English stoneware (discarded) Spot date: C19-C20 201 26 sherds of modern pottery (533g): white china, stoneware containers (1 for ?vinegar inscribed

‘Ringwood’) (discarded) 1 fragment vessel glass (2g) (discarded) Spot date: C19-eC20


14


202 1 sherd post-medieval (8g): Somerset glazed red earthenware 1 fragment pantile (81g) Spot date: post-medieval+ 203 1 sherd post-medieval/modern pottery (28g): earthenware ?sugar refining ware 1 fragment tile (25g). Spot date: post-medieval/modern 306 2 fragments pantile (407g) Spot date: post-medieval/modern 308 1 sherd post-medieval pottery (8g): glazed red earthenware – shallow dish form 3 sherds modern pottery (88g): white china; English stoneware (discarded) 4 fragments clay pipe stem (8g) 1 fragment modern brick (78g) Spot date: C19-C20 315 1 modern bottle (446g) (discarded) Spot date: C19-eC20 418 3 fragments of brick (236g) (discarded) Spot date: post-medieval/modern 421 2 fragments of brick or tile (26g) (discarded) 1 sherd modern pottery (2g): white china (discarded) Spot date: C19-C20 422 4 sherds of modern pottery (179g): brown stoneware and transfer-decorated china sherds, unglazed. 4 china clay kiln sprue fragments (17g): lozenge or star-shaped section miscellaneous ironworking slag (25g) Spot date: C19


15


APPENDIX 4: LEVELS OF PRINCIPAL DEPOSITS AND STRUCTURES

Levels are expressed as metres below current ground level and as metres above Ordnance Datum, calculated using the benchmark located at New Charlotte Street (8.8m AOD).

Trench 1 Trench 2 Trench 3 Trench 4 Current ground level 0.00m

(8.69m) 0.00m

(8.80m) 0.00m

(8.66m) 0.00m

(8.70m) Top of highest wall 0.25m

(8.30m) N/A N/A

0.48m (8.21m)

0.30m (8.38m)

Limit of excavation 2.30m (6.39m)

2.35m (6.45m)

2.02m (6.64m)

2.05m (6.65m)

Upper figures are depth below present ground level, lower figures in parentheses are metres AOD. All represent the highest values exposed.


16


Figure 1 Site Location Plan


17


Figure 2 Trench Location Plan


18




19




20




21



588

719

ST

120119

131

132

132120

N

Reproduced from the 2002 Ordnance Survey 1:1250 map with the permission ofOrdnance Survey on behalf of The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office, Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeological Trust AL50196A c

0 50m

Section(see Fig. 4)

Site Evaluation trench

Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing excavated features

Trench 1

Trench 2

Trench 4

Trench 3

101

102

103109

147

146148

149

108

culvert107

145124146

112

culvert111

104

103110

make-up137

drain115

114

144

103

101

103

128 150127

8.0mAOD

NW SE

157

158

make-up137

make-up136

120119

131

132

132

120

149

culvert107

158

105103

149

149104

124

146 145

123

122

121

make-up137

culvert111

make-up137

make-up136

142

141

143

139

131

126pit

125

150

138

103

102

154

ditch135

128

150

112

manhole116

114

144

cellar133

132 drain 118

132

134

N

Fig. 3 Trench 1; plan and section (1:100)

0 10m

alluvium

wall

robber trench

Plan

Section

Section

level of alluvium in sondage

202

204

weatheredalluvium 203

2018.0mAOD

Fig. 4 Trench 2; section (1:50)

SW NE

0 3m

alluvium

301

302

303305

306307

308

313312

302

316

306

314

317

315

306

320

319

318

311

309310

pre-walldumping

8.0mAOD

SW NE304

318

309306314313

312

304

308302

Fig. 5 Trench 3; plan and section (1:50)

Plan

Section

Section

0 5m

alluvium

wall

N

402

421

404

403421

422

418

8.0mAOD

401

drain406

402

420

415

417

413

constructioncut 412cut

416

401

413

415

418

404407

415

401

402

406417

415

416

414

417

402402

411

409

402 sondage419

410

408

403

415

wall

0 5m

Fig.6 Trench 4; plan and section (1:50)

N S

Plan

Section

Section

415

N

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