landfill gas collection, flaring and gas utilisation

Environmental Industries Sector Unit

Landfill gas Collection, flaring and gas Utilisation

Zaneta WhitworthBusiness Development Manager CDM & JI Projects

5 – 9 February 2007

EISU Seminar Mission to India

Biogas Technology Ltd


UK Market Conditions for Landfill Gas Control & Utilization• Landfill Site License requirements

• Compliance lead

• Renewable Energy

• EU Landfill Directive


UK Methane Emissions

1990

Total of 4,925 thousand tonnes

2004

Total of 2,461 thousand tonnes

Coal Mines, 234

Landfill, 944Agriculture, 893

Gas leakage, 231

Other, 159Coal Mines, 870

Landfill, 2,367

griculture, 1,023

Gas leakage, 379

Other, 286


Why Bother utilising Landfill Gas?

• Methane from waste is a huge source of atmospheric methane throughout the world and in the UK it is the largest contributor.

• Methane venting to the atmosphere is 21 times more harmful to the environment than CO2 emissions.

• Control of landfill gas increases safety and helps to reduce odours for those people living in and around the vicinity of a landfill site.

• Methane is a valuable fuel source


Using Landfill Gas


Alternative for biogas utilisation


High Temperature Flare systems being installed at UK Landfill


BALANCING LANDFILL GAS COLLECTION SYSTEM


Biogas Generation(assessment of gas generated)

• The calculation of the amount of gas produced in a landfill site is NOT and exact science and can be influenced by many factors:

– The input of waste per annum and the percentage mix– The surface area and depth of waste.– How the site is lined and capped.– The amount of moisture and leachate handling.– The method of site filling and operation.


Biogas Production

• Rule of thumb calculations

• 1 tonne of highly organic waste will produce at least 6m3 of gas

• 1MW generator requires 600 m3/hour

Nether Dallachy Landfill SiteEstimated Landfill Gas Output

0

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1,000

1,200

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Land

fill G

as (M

3 /h)

Gas Yield - Low Gas Yield - High 300kW 400kW 1150kW 1450kW


1030kW & 300kW Generators


The UK Incentive to Encourage Renewable Energy

– In the UK there is a commitment to try and achieve 10% of its Power Production from Renewable Sources by 2010 increasing year on year to 15% by 2015 (with a desire to go beyond that figure).

– In the UK this is done by creating Renewable Obligation Certificates (ROC’s) or “Green Certificates” through legislation in 2002.

– In January 2006 it was around 4.8%


• NATURAL POWER LTD - Leadercompany in power generation from landfill gas– More than 100 MW of installed

capacity on landfill worldwide– Largest independent generator

in the UK– Experience in developing

countries• Assembly of our own equipment

– Caterpillar, Perkins– 1 MW, 300 KW (connected to

grid)– 70+ KW for small-scale

generation


CDM & JI PROJECTS

DEFINITIONS:

• CDM & JI are ‘flexible mechanisms’ under the Kyoto Protocol. They promote development of projects which reduce emissions of Greenhouse gases, compared to what would have happened in their absence.

• CERs ( Certified Emissions Reductions – Carbon Credits) are created as a result, allowing emissions reductions achieved in one country to be bought by other countries struggling to meet their own targets.


A few interesting facts…

As of January 2007

• 489 registered projects – only 32are Landfill gas projects

• CER-s have been issued in 142projects - only 6 are landfill gas projects


For the project to happen…


Key elements

• Obtaining finance• Technical advisory (e.g. feasibility study)• Design, construction, operation and maintenance of the

biogas collection system, of the flare and the utilisation system• Project development under the CDM

– Project justification, baseline, studies, public consultation, national approval, registration with the UN

• Trading of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs)


Traditional way Integral wayWaste operator

Consultants

Banks & Lawyers

Insurance company

Local Authorities

Generating company

Regulators

Carbon credit brokers

District network operators

Waste operator

ADVANTAGES:•integral solution for the whole project development•Simplicity•Implementation efficiency

•Requires only one decision•Quickness•no risk for the operator

Development models for CDM projects

Integral project developer


0

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35000

40000

45000

50000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023

Land

fill G

as (M

3 /h) a

t 50%

Met

hane

Gas Yield - Low Gas Yield - High Generator Demand - 10MW Generator Demand 20MW Generator Demand 25MW

DAILY FIELD DATA REPORT

DAILY FLARE DATA REPORT

DAILY LFG MANAGEMENT REPORT

LSMp Fix unit

TC

AT70

Modem

CONTINIOUS DIAL-UP FLARE DATA REPORT

www.biogas.gasdata.netONLINE PROTECTED DATA

CH4 %

TmpC

F (LFG)Nm3/h

TmpC

F (LFG)Nm3/h

LMSxi-G2

Site, Technician

Date/time stamp

Weather

Comments

LMSxi-G2

CH4 %

CH4 %

Successful Verification of CERS

Data gathering of Landfills around the world

Gas curve and cost estimation using FELGA Model

Negotiation under CDM/JI Structure

Design and installation of fieldwork and flare


ABOUT US…


Thank you for your attention

www.biogas.co.ukTel: 00 44 (0)1487 831701

Fax: 00 44 (0)1487 830962

Email: [email protected]

www.natural-power.co.ukTel: 00 44 (0)161 745 7450

Fax: 00 44 (0)161 745 3250

Email: [email protected]

landfill gas collection, flaring and gas utilisation

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