Legend  Landscape area  National Park 

M=Main F= Focal C= Complementary S= Secondary

LANDSCAPE AREA M _ BULGHERIA MOUNTAIN

Included Geosites

Id_denomination Imp. Id_denomination Imp. Id_denomination Imp. 90_Mingardo canyon M 98_ Thyrrenian deposits

of Palinuro S 106_Lambro and Min-

gardo Rivers S

91_Capo Palinuro -the Fe-nestrella natural arc

M 99_Marine deposits of Camerota

S 107_Conglomerate of Centola

S

92_Capo Palinuro - grotta di Cala fetente

M 100_The Piano- marine abrasion terrace

S 108_Quarry of Chian-cone Mountain

S

93_Cliff of Capo Palinuro F 101_Road to San Gio-vanni a Piro

S 109_Residual cliff of rabbit -Capo Palinuro

S

94_Coastal caves of Ca-merota

F 102_Canyon of Marcel-lino river

S 110_Licusati S

95_Medieval village San Severino

C 103_ Dolomite of Luna Mountain

S 111_Side North of Bulgheria Mountain

S

96_Coast - White Cave to Porto Infreschi

S 104_ Coastal caves of Cala Cefalo

S 112_Side Est of Bul-gheria Mountain

S

97_Fossil dunes of Palinu-ro

S 105_Dolomite of Torre Fenosa

S

INTEREST (1= primary - 2 = secondary) GEOLOGICAL SCIENTIFIC OTHER

Structural Mineralogical Rare (conservation experimentation) 1

Didactical 2

Stratigrafical Hydrogeological 1 Popularization Hikers/trecking Geomorphological 1 Paleontological 2 Rappresentative Archeological 2 Sedimentological Karsic 1 Mondial/European 2 Naturalistic 2

Paleoenviromental 2 Paleobiological National/Local Historical/religious

MAIN GEOSITE 90_Mingardo's canyon 91_Capo Palinuro -the Fenestrella natural arc

92_Capo Palinuro - grotta di Cala fetente Ubication Altitude Accessibility

Nation - ITALY 5 m. s.l. Region - CAMPANIA feet X trackway X

Province - SALERNO Distance car X recreation X

NATIONAL PARK 30 Km. from National Park

office

boat X restaurant X

Municipality - CENTOLA CAMEROTA

other exposition

Fruition

Cartography of Main Geosite

DESCRIPTION

In this landscape area outcrop all the formations of Bulgheria Mountain Unit and Roccagloriosa Unit.

The morphostructure of Bulgheria Mountain is a large fold-fault with vergence towards the north, with

overlapping tectonic of Miocenic sequence.

In general, the 23 individuals geosites surveyed are of stratigraphic, geomorphologic and karstic interest;

for most are the result of epigean and hypogean karst processes. Within this landscape area we identified

three main gesites: the Mingardo canyon, an example of superimposed canyon, short-term geomor-

phological evolution of a coastal alluvial plain and an area of the mouth (Holocene and historical

changes of the mouth and shoreline); the beautiful and spectacular natural suspended arch “ la fine-

strella” and the cave of “Cala fetente” with sulfur springs of Capo Palinuro. These springs are the most

important in Italy, because in the water we find an colloidal organic sulfur continuously produced by

myriads of colonies of living organisms and therefore presumably more biocompatible with human tis-

sue, skin in particular. The acrid foul-smelling fumes could turn it into a wellness center and point of

reference for the therapeutic thermal Cilento.

We can mention coastal geosites that are epigean and hypogean karst processes such as: the coast of

Palinuro, with its cliffs and the famous Blue Cave; the coastal wreck cave of Camerota including Cala of

Cefalo, tied to an ancient shoreline, then filled with continental deposits containing various fossils

(“mammalofaune, malacofauna”). These fossils are indicators of coldest paleoclimatic contexts and

lithic industries Levallois - mousteriane (around 40.000 years ago). The coastal caves of Camerota are

also of great archaeological importance. The Natural Arch of Palinuro and the cliff of the Rabbit exam-

ples of morphological evolution of a coastal carbonate cliff; the “Marcellino” valley, an example of

coastal gorge river; the mouths of Lambro and Mingardo typical embedded meanders and relict fluvial

forms related to an ancient base level, with relative evolution of shoreline following the action of coastal

processes.

The other geosites are stratigraphic and geomorphological, indeed to be found: medieval village of San

Severino, an example of condensed carbonate series connected to a center left; fossil dunes of Palinuro,

last interglacial marine deposits and fossil dunes around 100.000 years ago; tyrrhenian deposits of Palin-

uro; Camerota deposits, Calabrian marine deposits (early Pleistocene, 1.5 millions years ago) with abun-

dant macrofauna (molluscs, echinoderms, bryozoans) and microfauna of climate cold (Hyalinea Baltic

Schr., Cassidulina smooth carinata SILV., Globigerina pachyderm HER). These lands are the only ma-

rine deposits of Pleistocene outcrops in Campania. They are based with stratigraphic contact on the

lacustrine deposits of the Late Pliocene (> 1.5 millions years ago, the only example in southern Italy)

with diagnostic pollen microfauna.

The Luna Mountain and “Torre Fenosa”, outcrops of crystal gray and black dolomite (upper Trias) with

Gervilleia exilis (STOPP), Megalodon sp. Worthen and solitary (BEN). Oldest rocks in the Park territory

of about 300 millions year ago.

Conglomerates of Centola, a powerful alluvial succession of upper Pliocene (about 3 millions years ago);

Quarry Chiancone Mount, an example of stratigraphic passing limestone/chips/flysch; Licusati, fossil

calcilutiti levels rich of Jurassic Ammonites of about 150 millions years ago, (Lytoceras, Hyldoceras, Aalen-

Toarcian), example of limestone basin series in transition facies; level of green marl to Ammonites of the eastern slope

of Bulgheria Mountain; coastal stretch from Cala Bianca to Porto Infreschi, typical coastal morphology of structural

control, with marine terraces; the road to S. Giovanni a Piro, view of marine terraces of Bulgheria Mountain, example

of interaction between tectonics and eustasy; the “Piano”, an ancient terrace by marine abrasion raised of Quaternary

tectonics in the last 2 millions years ago; the northern slope of Bulgheria Mountain, an example of reverse fault side

affected by intense deformation phenomena of gravitational deep.

Geosite 90_Mingardo canyon

Geosite 90_Mingardo canyon—outcrops

Geosite 91_Capo palinuro– the “Fenestrella” natural arc

Geosite 93_ Cliff of Capo Palinuro

Geosite 96_Coast Porto Infeschi Geosite 96_White cave of Porto Infeschi

Geosite 97_Fossil dunes of Palinuro

Geosite 95_Medieval village– San Severino

Geosite 98_Thyrrenian deposits of Palinuro

Geosite 104 Coastal caves of Cala Cefalo

Geosite 104 “Blue cave “

Geosite 106_Molpa of palinuro and natural Arc Geosite 106_Mouth of Mingardo river- evolution of shoreline

Geosite 109_Residual cliff of “Rabbit” Geosite 106_The action of coastal processes.

Geosite 111_Side North of Bulgheria Mountain