landscape - hamilton · the objective of any landscape design shall: a) maximise long term benefit...

Section 7 Landscape

7 LANDSCAPE

CONTENTS 7 LANDSCAPE ............................................................................................................................................ I

7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 7-1 7.1.1 Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 7-1 7.1.2 Reserves and Land Protection Covenants.................................................................... 7-1

7.2 Design ........................................................................................................................................ 7-1 7.2.1 Design Principles and Requirements ............................................................................ 7-1 7.2.2 Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) ........................................ 7-2 7.2.3 Landscape Plans ........................................................................................................... 7-2 7.2.4 Access ........................................................................................................................... 7-3 7.2.5 Fencing .......................................................................................................................... 7-4 7.2.6 Lighting .......................................................................................................................... 7-5 7.2.7 Signs .............................................................................................................................. 7-5 7.2.8 Structure and Furniture ................................................................................................. 7-5 7.2.9 General Species Design Selection, Layout and Sourcing ............................................ 7-6 7.2.10 Streetscape ................................................................................................................... 7-6 7.2.11 Planting........................................................................................................................ 7-10

7.3 Construction and Maintenance ................................................................................................ 7-11 7.3.1 Protecting Existing Vegetation and Trees ................................................................... 7-11 7.3.2 Protecting Newly Planted Areas in Work Sites ........................................................... 7-12 7.3.3 Reserves Specimen Tree Location ............................................................................. 7-13 7.3.4 Site Preparation ........................................................................................................... 7-13 7.3.5 Excavation and Bedding of Planting Areas ................................................................. 7-13 7.3.6 Soil and Fertility ........................................................................................................... 7-13 7.3.7 Soil Laboratory Testing ............................................................................................... 7-14 7.3.8 Soil Composition ......................................................................................................... 7-15 7.3.9 Tree Pits ...................................................................................................................... 7-15 7.3.10 Grassing, Sowing and Turfing ..................................................................................... 7-16 7.3.11 Establishment of Sown Areas ..................................................................................... 7-17 7.3.12 Street Tree Planting .................................................................................................... 7-19 7.3.13 Irrigation and Fertilising ............................................................................................... 7-20 7.3.14 Quality Control ............................................................................................................. 7-21 7.3.15 Weed and Litter Control .............................................................................................. 7-22 7.3.16 Mulching ...................................................................................................................... 7-23 7.3.17 Staking, Fencing and Protection ................................................................................. 7-24 7.3.18 Pruning ........................................................................................................................ 7-25

7.4 Defects and Liability ................................................................................................................. 7-26 7.4.1 Works clearance Inspection ........................................................................................ 7-26 7.4.2 Defects Liability Period Final Inspection ..................................................................... 7-26 7.4.3 Street Trees Defects Liability Period ........................................................................... 7-26 7.4.4 General Planting Defects Liability Period .................................................................... 7-26 7.4.5 Fencing and Landscape Structure Defects Liability Maintenance .............................. 7-27 7.4.6 Grassing and Turf Defects Liability Period .................................................................. 7-28

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Drawings ................................................................................................................................................................ 7-33 Appendix B Plant Number Calculator .................................................................................................................................. 7-34 Appendix C Forms ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7-36

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LIST OF TABLES Table 7-1: CPTED Principles ..................................................................................................................................................... 7-2 Table 7-2: Fencing Types ........................................................................................................................................................... 7-4 Table 7-3: Infill Areas ................................................................................................................................................................... 7-8 Table 7-4: Design Criteria for Roundabouts ......................................................................................................................... 7-9 Table 7-5: Planting Definitions ................................................................................................................................................ 7-10 Table 7-6: Minimum Excavation Distances ......................................................................................................................... 7-12 Table 7-7: Acceptable Soil Parameters ................................................................................................................................ 7-14 Table 7-8: Tree Pits Design Criteria ...................................................................................................................................... 7-16 Table 7-9: Tree Root Barriers .................................................................................................................................................. 7-20 Table 7-10: Livestock Fencing Standards ........................................................................................................................... 7-25 Table 7-11: Length of Defects Period Summary ............................................................................................................... 7-28 Table 7-12: Minimum General Landscape Maintenance Schedule during Defects Liability Period ................. 7-29 Table 7-13: Minimum On-going General Landscape Maintenance Schedule ......................................................... 7-30 Table 7-14: Drawing Register .................................................................................................................................................. 7-33 Table 7-15: Forms and Checklists ......................................................................................................................................... 7-36

Section 7 Landscape

7.1 Introduction

The landscape section sets out requirements for the design and construction of landscaping and planting for land development and subdivision.

For landscape areas requiring planting and vegetation in wetlands, dry detention basins, swales, filter strips and rain gardens refer to the Stormwater Section.

7.1.1 Objectives Landscape design has application throughout the subdivision and development process. As such, it should be considered in the early stages of a development and at this initial concept stage it is important to establish objectives for overall landscape design involving the appropriate professionals to assess the natural systems, vegetation, and landscape features.

The objective of any landscape design shall:

a) Maximise long term benefit

b) Minimise on-going maintenance works

c) Protect, maintain and restore existing natural ecosystems, vegetation, and landscape features

d) Respond to the surrounding landscape character and context including cultural and heritage (including waahi tapu), ecological and geological elements

e) Contribute to ecological and habitat biodiversity

f) Provide amenity open space, “buffer areas”, open space connections and access to watercourses

g) Enhance and strengthen existing character and intended future character

h) Promote integrated neighbourhoods

i) Use species that will quickly establish and form a weed suppressing canopy

j) Provide a coherent design

k) Protect and enhance existing vegetation

l) Ensure public safety

7.1.2 Reserves and Land Protection Covenants Layout plans, the location of reserves and land protection covenants should be discussed with the Council prior to the lodgement of finalised plans.

7.2 Design

7.2.1 Design Principles and Requirements Landscaping and planting should be designed to respond to the overall environmental context of an area such as vegetation and water bodies, cultural and heritage elements, local road geometry stormwater and reserve design, and utilities placement. Planting may include specimen trees, edible gardens, rain gardens, swales, and other amenity garden features.

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Infrastructural services should be planned at the same time as the landscape design so that tree and garden planting location does not compromise the integrity and efficient operation of services. lf particular landscape conditions or objectives are required for a subdivision or development then these will need to be taken into account prior to undertaking detailed engineering design.

7.2.2 Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) All landscape design, irrespective of location shall ensure that CPTED principles are applied. This is detailed further in the relevant District Plan. The basic principles are:

Table 7-1: CPTED Principles

Territoriality The physical design is used to promote a sense of ownership, respect, responsibility and community well-being.

Natural Surveillance All areas throughout the site that are publicly accessible can be seen from other parts of the site so that people can see and be seen. Likewise, ensuring there are no visually closed entrapment areas.

Access Control The site has well-defined routes, spaces and entrances that provide for convenient movement without compromising security.

Space Management The site has an appropriate use of space, is well-cared for, attractive and has vandal resistant facilities and buildings.

Activity Support The site promotes positive human activity that is appropriate to the location.

This includes ensuring:

• Adequate visibility for road and path users

• Adequate sight lines exist for people within parks and reserves

• Adequate separation between pedestrians and parking areas

• Obstructions to pedestrians and cyclists are avoided

• The development of entrapment areas is avoided

7.2.3 Landscape Plans Refer to the relevant District Plan for specific Site Plan and Landscape Plan requirements. In conjunction with these requirements, accompanying information to be included for approval by Council includes:

a) A Statement of Design Intent and Design Objectives

b) A Plant Schedule, detailing proposed plant species (botanical and common names), the centres/spacing’s, and plant grades and quantities

c) Existing Tree and Vegetation Plan

d) Technical Specifications for landscape implementation if these deviate from this ITS. If these are not provided, Council assumes the developer shall abide by the ITS and shall be assessed accordingly


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e) A Landscape Maintenance Schedule that will be applied during the defects and liability period

7.2.4 Access Connecting existing reserves, accessways and open spaces provide routes and return loops for recreational use, encourages sustainable transport choices by allowing for continuous off-road journeys and can contribute to creating larger open space areas. These can provide more direct routes to destinations than vehicular routes and encourage a more healthy access alternative.

Consideration should be given to how the development will link to the surrounding landscape including existing areas of open space, and to other public areas, such as schools, town centres, community facilities or public transport routes. Neighbourhood Parks should be accessible to all surrounding neighbourhoods and communities.

7.2.4.1 Pedestrian/Cycle Access

Generally paths in reserves and on accessways to reserves are required to be three metres wide to allow for shared use by pedestrians and cyclists and should be straight and direct according to pedestrian desire lines, in order to provide long lines of sight and reduce the potential for entrapment.

Ensure there is a clear space buffer on either side of paths of at least one metre between the height of 500mm to 2.4m to ensure adequate visibility for pedestrians and cyclists. Furniture should be set back at least 1m from paths, whilst still providing for connectivity and access for people with disabilities (such as wheel chair and mobility scooter users), and any plant species should be selected so that future growth will not encroach into the clear space buffer. Groundcovers may be planted within the clear space buffer, at a minimum of 400mm setback from the path edge, as long as the mature height is no more than 500mm and the plant(s) do not encroach over the path edge.

Pedestrian/cycle accessways should have an easy gradient (maximum 1:12 where practicable) and avoid steps where possible to allow for cycle and mobility vehicle use. Where steps are required then a half-round open concrete channel should be formed adjacent the steps to assist cycle movement.

Consider the location of the path and plantings on reserve accessways to ensure the path receives maximum sunlight hours in winter and that any planting avoids the ability to create damp and cold pathway conditions, which could in turn lead to firsting and ice.

Path and track construction standards shall be considered in conjunction with the standards set within the Transportation Section to enable vehicle access for maintenance purposes.

For further information in relation to pedestrian and cycle access, please refer to the relevant District Plan and Transport Section.

7.2.4.2 Vehicle Access

Generally vehicle access will be installed by the applicant prior to the vesting of the reserve. Vehicle access points are required for vehicles to undertake mowing, rubbish collection, maintenance and for emergency vehicles. Vehicle access points must be wide enough to allow for heavy machinery (minimum 4m). Vehicle crossings must comply with the Transportation Section.


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Access roadways and off-street parking may be required for reserves such as sports parks, amenity parks, horticultural parks, the starting point of walking tracks and neighbourhood parks receiving high-use or serving a regional function. Consult with Council to see if parking areas and access roadways are required. The design and construction of roadways, parking areas and vehicle crossings must comply with the Transportation Section.

7.2.4.3 Vehicle Barriers (to prevent vehicular access)

Generally vehicle barriers will be installed by the applicant prior to vesting of the reserve. Barriers between reserves and the road are generally not encouraged. Where possible planting and landscaping should be used as the means of deterring unauthorised vehicles.

Where vehicle barriers are required to control unauthorised vehicles, this may be in the form of a standard non-mountable kerb, a physical vehicle barrier or bollards. Vehicle barriers should meet the following objectives:

a) Prevent vehicles from accessing reserve land

b) Continue to allow pedestrian and cycle access

c) Be of a design that ensures consistency with other reserve structures and furniture

d) Does not adversely affect the visual amenity of the area

e) Does not greatly increase maintenance requirements

f) Able to withstand or discourage vandalism pressure

g) Where bollards are required a HCC standard wooden bollard and chain fence shall be constructed on road frontages to reserves (other than entrances) unless approved otherwise by Council

h) Bollards should be placed to allow for easy mowing and maintenance and either be on a mowing square (350 x 350mm) or incorporate a mowing strip and should be spaced either 2m apart or 3m apart with a connecting chain

7.2.5 Fencing Refer to the relevant District Plan and Council’s Fencing Policy 2008.

7.2.5.1 Standard Types of Fences

Fencing may be up to 2.5 metres high; however any fence over this height will require a building consent from Council.

Table 7-2: Fencing Types

Standard Paling Fence

A paling fence at least 1.0m high, posts 100 x 75mm and placed not more than 2.75m apart. There should be two rails (three if the fence is higher than 1.0m), with sawn timber palings placed upright and well nailed to both rails, with a gap of no more than 40mm between palings. All rails and palings should be tanalised and the posts ground treated.

Close Boarded Fence

The same sizes and wood treatment as the paling fence but with the boards butted closely

Seven Wire Fence A seven-wire fence, properly strained, the wire to be 12.5 H.T. galvanised or similar. The posts are to be concrete or treated timber placed no more than 4m apart, and the battens or droppers should be of treated timber, metal or plastic, evenly spaced, and at least three between posts. The top wire is to be at least 1000mm from ground level, and no barbed


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wire is to be used

Mesh Fence As for the seven wire fence, but without battens and all wires except the top, middle and bottom ones replaced by 75mm galvanised chain link mesh fixed to the wires at every second mesh row

Livestock Fence Refer Section 7.3.17.3

If the fence is to be painted, brunswick green colour shall be used.

For further information in relation to fencing types and requirements, contact Council.

7.2.6 Lighting Refer to the relevant District Plan and Transportation Section.

7.2.7 Signs Signs will be installed by Council following vesting of the reserve.

7.2.8 Structure and Furniture Provision of any structure or furniture is to be discussed with Council prior to design.

7.2.8.1 Play Equipment (refer to Council’s Playground Policy)

Play equipment may be installed by the developer or by Council following vesting of the reserve. The Council’s objective is to provide interesting playgrounds that meet the needs of the local community. Any equipment and surfacing installed shall comply with NZS 5828:2004, In addition all the equipment and surfacing shall meet the requirements of required building or resource consents. All play space design shall be approved by Council prior to installation.

7.2.8.2 Landscape Structures

Landscaping structures include (but are not limited to) sculptures, walls, fences, screens, bollards, tree cages and grates, entranceways, and posts. The materials should be robust to suit their purpose and ideally reflect the local character. Durability and maintenance requirements shall be considered.

Structures shall not:

a) Inappropriately limit safe sight lines

b) Be a hazard to pedestrians, people with disabilities, cyclists, or vehicle traffic

Entranceway wall structures shall be located fully on private land. Any other immovable landscape structure (for example boulders) shall be located to prevent obstructing access to underground services.

Structures shall be designed to safely withstand appropriate loadings. Structures not exempt under the Building Act shall only be constructed on receipt of a building consent.

All retaining walls, including those not requiring a building consent, should be constructed to resist lateral earth pressures, including those from any surcharge loading that may be present and which should be located wholly within private land.

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7.2.9 General Species Design Selection, Layout and Sourcing 7.2.9.1 General Species Selection

In selecting species for planting, the overall composition, level of maintenance, longevity, and the need to comply with the Council’s planting policies are to be taken into account. The Council maintains a register of suitable species for local conditions.

The following matters shall be considered:

a) Suitability of eco-sourced native plants for re-vegetation planting of the ecological region to protect the local biodiversity

b) Suitability to environmental conditions, for example climate, ground moisture, wind, and shade

c) Tolerance to high foot traffic use where appropriate

d) Pest and disease resistance

e) Invasive or pest species recognised under the National Pest Plant Accord (refer to http://www.biosecurity.govt.nzlnppa)

f) Non-suckering habit

g) Final height, form, longevity, and potential impact upon neighbouring properties, structures and infrastructure

h) Maintenance requirements

i) Safety such as toxicity of leaves, flowers, seeds, and bark in areas likely to be used by young children, along with impairments to pedestrians

j) Plant species on the road should be selected to avoid interfering with sight lines inconsistent with the target operating speed and provide minimal leaf fall in autumn

7.2.10 Streetscape Landscaping within a road reserve is otherwise known as streetscaping. This applies to all proposed road reserve landscape design or works in any part of the Transportation Corridor (in respect to both existing and proposed roads, including any subdivision or where required as a condition of subdivision consent). This section applies to all public road landscape works. For more detailed information, refer to Council’s online publication ‘Hamilton City Road Reserve Planting Strategy’, January 2007 and all amendments thereafter (RRPS).

Landscaped traffic control devices, such as splitter islands, round abouts etc. should only be installed when necessary for traffic management purposes

Refer Transportation Section for information regarding sight distances.

For transportation corridors where speeds are greater than 50km/hr, landscape design is to take into account potential for errant vehicles to strike objects and landscape which increases the likelihood of crash severity. Frangibility of proposed trees and features is to be considered.

7.2.10.1 Visibility Splay Requirements

Driver sight distances need to relate to traffic function and vehicle speeds, and as such tree planting should not be placed in the visibility splay. The achievement of Austroads Criterion Visibility 3 is therefore desirable, although the minimum acceptable design will be Criterion 1 and 2 using LV Distances (being the minimum distance from limit lines to view point), which is 5.0m for Local Roads and 9.0m for Collector, Industrial and Arterial Roads.


Section 7 Landscape

No trees are to be planted within the Austroads SISD or RSD visibility splays. Any trees planted within the CSD visibility splays must be clear pruned to 2.5m above ground level.

In front of low intersection sign boards, planting shall be designed to be not more than 300mm high at maturity or these areas are to be paved to ensure compliance with visibility splay requirements.

Within all SISD and RSD visibility splays, planting shall be designed to be no more than 450mm high at maturity (excluding flowers).

7.2.10.2 Traffic-Calming and Shared Space Environments

All traffic calming and shared space initiatives must be approved by Council.

Traffic Calming

From a traffic-calming perspective, landscaping helps to reduce vehicular speed by reducing the perceived openness of streets, signals where an area is not intended to be traversed or moved through, and indicate where traffic-calming initiatives have been implemented.

When landscape planting is used in this context, vegetation is intended to visually block, reduce or impair motorist’s line of sight, either along the carriageway berms or within the carriageway. The mature height of the vegetation will therefore be according to the traffic engineering specifications instead of normal carriageway landscape specifications.

Other considerations include.

a) Ensuring there will be sufficient drainage (and water) for new landscaped traffic calming devices to be installed in existing carriageways

b) Ensuring that existing infrastructure (such as underground piping, cabling, Aqua Cells etc) will not be compromised by the plant roots

c) Maintenance requirements (including the establishment of traffic management plans)

d) Landscape replacement costs should a traffic calming device be traversed by a motorist

e) Proximity to other services such as lighting columns and utilities

f) Signage, bus stop and pedestrian crossing (formal and informal) visibility

g) CPTED principles, especially passive surveillance

h) Using the appropriate plant species for the traffic engineering, ecological, sense of place and amenity requirements

Types of traffic-calming devices that may be landscaped (planted and paved) are:

• Kerb extensions

• Centre Island

• Chicane

• Threshold

• Median Strip

• Roundabout

• Splitter Island

• Street Closure (partial, half, full)


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• Textured Pavement

• Berms

Shared Space Environments

Landscaping in shared space environments is intended to reduce speed, through measures such as reducing forward visibility and introducing a horizontal deflection to create a meandering route through the space. This is especially useful in long straight streets; however, pedestrian and motorist visibility should not be reduced to impair safety for either.

7.2.10.3 Minimum Design Requirements

Species are to be selected as per the Road Reserve Planting Strategy, with the exception of those plants listed as Problematic Plant Species and held by Council in a document.

A service-free corridor for landscaping purposes, of a minimum 1100mm wide shall be located within the berm on both sides of the road.

Unless otherwise stated by the relevant District Plan, street trees are to be planted at an equivalent rate of one tree per residential property although groups of trees may be approved where the kerb line and location of services allow for local features. Alternative tree planting areas shall be provided where streets are narrow or such a corridor cannot be provided. Alternative areas are equivalent to 1.0m2 per metre of street length with any one area having a minimum site area of 12.0m2.

Areas protecting existing trees may be accepted as contributing to dedicated tree planting areas.

Typically, tree planting locations should conform to those shown on Drawing D7.2.

Design of streets may include kerb extensions for intersections and speed controls which allow non-standard tree planting where utilities are not a problem and visibility requirements are designed to incorporate planting as a means of slowing traffic.

Traffic Islands and Berms

Only traffic islands, splitters and median strips with open infill areas of more than 6.0m2 shall be planted. This applies to each infill area, not the whole island/strip. The width of the planted area is not to be less than 1000mm, internal kerb to internal kerb. Tapered or curved areas should be squared off and paved or concreted when the infill width is less than 1000mm. Infill areas less than 6.0m2 must have a hardscape application such as paving or concrete that is consistent with the streetscape amenity. However, infill areas less than 6.0m2 may be planted if they serve a specific traffic engineering purpose (such as traffic calming) these will require Council approval.

Table 7-3: Infill Areas

Per Infill Area Surface Application

Infill Area less than 6m2 Hard Surface

Infill Area more than 6m2 Landscaping

Internal Kerb to Kerb Width less than 1000mm Hard Surface

Internal Kerb to Kerb Width more than 1000mm Landscaping

Specific Purpose (less than 6m2 and less than 1000mm internal width)

To be assessed


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Ensure that plants are designed to

a) Form a solid mass planting that will grow to the back of kerb, but not beyond into the carriageway, with a minimum setback of 300mm (depending on species selection).

b) Maintain sightlines to road signs

Roundabouts Ensure that plants are designed to

a) Form a solid mass planting that will grow to the back of kerb, but not beyond into the carriageway, with a minimum setback of 200mm (depending on species selection)

b) Maintain sightlines to road signs

Table 7-4: Design Criteria for Roundabouts

Design Criteria

Visibility Splay Austroads Criterion 2 Areas

Groundcovers and bedding should not exceed 300mm in height although these may vary depending on road grades and levels

Visibility Splay Austroads Criterion 3 Areas

Groundcovers and bedding should not exceed 400mm in height although these may vary depending on road grades and levels

Roundabouts: More than 12m Diameter

These roundabouts are to have at least 65 % of the internal area planted with approved intersection plant species while ensuring that visibility splays, frangibility requirements and utility services remain uncompromised. Include one centralised tree at Council’s approval. In alignment with the RRPS tree framework, the centre shall be planted with taller approved shrub and tree species to aid in slowing traffic and act as a visual nodal reference

Roundabouts: Between 6-12m Diameter

These roundabouts may be planted with up to 50% of the internal area in-filled with low groundcovers or shrubs, otherwise they are to have a Council-approved hardscape application such as paving, concrete, concrete embedded with rocks One centralised tree shall be installed subject to Council approval

Roundabouts: Less than 6m Diameter

These roundabouts are to have a Council-approved hardscape application such as paving, concrete, concrete embedded with rocks

Street Tree Layout

Unless otherwise stated all street trees are to be centrally located within all road berms. All trees are to be planted a minimum of:

a) 3.0m from any driveway

b) 8.0m from any light stand

c) 20.0m from any intersection


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d) 5.0m from any bus stop or school speed sign

e) Or any other location that causes a safety concern

For Street Tree Clearances, Refer Drawing D7.2.

All service locations shown on the planting plans are to be used as an indicative guide only. All services shall be located on site and any damage repaired or mitigated.

7.2.10.4 Tree Pits

Refer to Drawings D7.4, D7.5 and D7.6 for tree pits that are installed within existing carriageways. Carriageway tree pits require additional design consideration such as frangibility, tree root intrusion into base material, the possibility of the tree drowning in a confined root space – or obtaining insufficient water. Optimum species would be those with a ball root system or those which have a deep rooting habit with minimum surface roots. Species will be site specific according to conditions and soil type. Consult with Council prior to installation.

7.2.11 Planting 7.2.11.1 Planting Definitions

The following definitions are applicable when implementing and maintaining landscape planting.

Table 7-5: Planting Definitions

Status Definition

Established Plants are established when the following attributes are present

Are healthy and free of pests, disease, spray and weed-trimmer damage

Are grown to the approximate species mature height

Have obtained a shape and form generally consistent with the species type

Are producing seeds/propagating naturally

Establishing Plants are establishing when the following attributes are present

Are healthy and free of pests, disease, spray and weed-trimmer damage

Are growing generally consistent with the species type shape and form

Failed Plants have failed when they have one or more of the following is present or has occurred

Stunted growth (up to five years post installation). This requires further investigation to determine the cause and who or what is responsible

Been more than 25% irreparably damaged by pests and/or disease and/or weed cover suppression

Been severely spray damaged

Been ring barked or severely damaged by a weed-trimmer or manual tool

Died

Installed Installed plants are those that have been planted correctly and intentionally according to the planting plan


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7.2.11.2 Problematic Plant Species

A number of plant species are not to be planted in the city’s parks, reserves or road reserves unless approved in writing by Council. A list of these species is held by Council and can be provided for up on request.

7.3 Construction and Maintenance

There are minimum construction and maintenance standards and recommended procedures to be followed to ensure that all landscaping is to an acceptable standard prior to final inspection and release of the bond( if a bond is required).

It is the Developer’s responsibility to ensure that the landscaping meets these required standards at the termination of the maintenance period. The developer is responsible (and may be bonded) for the routine maintenance and replacement of the planting including dead wooding, weed control, mulching, replacing dead trees, shrubs, and plants, and watering for a defined period from the time of acceptance of as-built landscape plans by the Council or issue of a section 224 completion certificate under the Resource Management Act.

7.3.1 Protecting Existing Vegetation and Trees All existing vegetation and trees to be retained during works shall be cordoned off to protect the root zone and vegetation prior to the commencement of construction and the cordon shall remain in place until completion of construction.

The minimum protection for existing trees in a work site is to be achieved by erecting temporary fencing in a circle with a radius equal to the maximum crown extension of the tree (drip line) or a 4m radius from the trunk – whichever is greatest. This area is the tree protection zone. A suitably qualified HCC staff member shall be used to determine the protected area and supervise construction. At no time shall anything be deposited in the root zones of protected vegetation and trees.

7.3.1.1 Existing Tree and Vegetation Plan

An existing tree and vegetation plan with construction methodology is required when works are to be undertaken in proximity to existing vegetation that is to be retained. The plan is to be approved by Council prior to earthworks commencing. The plan is to include the following details

a) The location of existing trees to be retained post-works

b) The tree protection zone around each tree to be retained, which is determined by either the tree canopy drip-line or a 2.0m radius from the trunk (whichever is greatest)

c) The position and design of temporary protective fencing or other methods of protection

d) The type of arboriculture maintenance required

e) The methods of protection of the tree and root zone where construction is to occur near the root zone and tree canopy

f) The maintenance required for the long-term health and stability of the tree or vegetation

Site works are unable to commence within a 10m proximity of existing trees or vegetation drip line(s) until this Plan has been approved by Council.


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7.3.1.2 Above Ground Works

When any machinery is working in close proximity to established trees, adequate protection measures must be taken to avoid accidental contact with the tree that may adversely affect the health and value of the tree.

Where possible heavy equipment will be kept outside the Tree Protection Zone.

Where pruning is required to maintain clearance between a utility service and a tree trunk or branch, the pruning operation must be carried out by a qualified person trained in arboriculture or that directed by the Council.

Pruning or removal of branches or roots 50mm in diameter or more may only be carried out in consultation with the Council.

7.3.1.3 Below Ground Works

All tree roots that need to be severed and are between 10mm and 50mm are to be neatly cut with a saw or other suitable pruning equipment. Roots larger than 25mm in diameter should be retained in an undamaged state and protected whenever possible. Exposed roots and cut roots must be protected from drying winds and frost with damp sacking or similar material if not backfilled immediately. When there is a need for an open cut trench near trees, hand excavation should be used. Under no circumstances may a digger be used to sever tree roots within the Tree Protection Zone.

lf installation is required under existing trees and vegetation then trenchless technology should be considered. If this is not practicable, advice from a qualified arborist is required to minimise damage to the vegetation.

Table 7-6: Minimum Excavation Distances

Tree Trunk Diameter Minimum Excavation Distance from Edge of Trunk

50-100mm 300mm from trunk or drip line which ever is the greatest

100mm 500mm away from trunk or drip line which ever is the greatest

200mm 1m away from trunk or drip line which ever is the greatest





500mm+ To be assessed by Council

Note that these distances do not apply to historic/protected or notable trees

No works are to commence within 30m of historic/protected or notable trees without written notification to Council and their written approval given. A suitably qualified HCC staff member may be required to monitor all works in or around these trees. This will be evaluated on an individual case basis.

7.3.2 Protecting Newly Planted Areas in Work Sites Newly planted areas shall be protected from any possible damage from site works and onsite storage of plant and material, and any other damage.


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If necessary, to ensure protection for the duration of the site works, 1 metre (minimum) high boundaries are to be erected around new, and single, trees and shrubs.

Similarly, during planting, existing structures, turf, other planting, or irrigation system shall be protected by appropriate means from possible damage. All damage to existing utilities, structures, planting and irrigation systems shall be repaired.

7.3.3 Reserves Specimen Tree Location All reserve plantings shall be marked out on site prior to planting works commencing.

7.3.4 Site Preparation All irrigation and drainage works, utilities installation, signs or landscape structures shall be completely installed prior to planting. Saw cutting of existing seal where required shall be undertaken between 250mm to 300mm from the back of the kerb. The cut line shall be parallel to the kerb line wherever possible. Small radius curves shall be cut using a series of short incisions to approximate as best as possible to the curve arc.

7.3.5 Excavation and Bedding of Planting Areas Excavation shall be carried out where necessary to achieve either of the following required soil profiles where depths indicated are post consolidation.

7.3.5.1 Landscape Planting

Refer to Drawing D7.1 Figures 1 and 2.

7.3.5.2 Annual Bedding Planting

Refer to Drawing D7.1 Figure 3.

All waste material shall be removed from site.

The exposed subgrade shall be trimmed and levelled so that no part of the subgrade shall be above the required depth of cut.

7.3.6 Soil and Fertility Topsoil, both imported and existing on site, shall be a loam soil of good quality, free draining, free of perennial weeds and debris and capable of sustaining the required plant growth. All topsoil shall be inspected at its source and shall not be placed without Council’s consent.

Stockpiles of imported or site topsoil to be used in planting areas shall be left to grow vegetation and sprayed to eliminate perennial weeds prior to their seeding and prior to the soil’s use. A knock-down systemic herbicide without long term residues shall be used (refer to section 7.3.15 Weed and Litter Control). Treated soil shall not be placed without Council’s consent.

If, after placing the topsoil and prior to any final cultivation, there is evidence of vegetation growth, the surface shall again be sprayed with a knock-down systemic herbicide. Areas so treated shall not be planted for at least two weeks.

All new planting areas on existing topsoil shall be deep ripped to a minimum of 300mm prior to planting.


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Heavily compacted soils shall be deep ripped to 600mm. If in Council’s opinion, at time of planting, the soil has consolidated to a density unsuitable for planting out, re-cultivation of the soil to a depth of 150mm shall be undertaken.

All new planting areas shall be filled with topsoil or excavated (as appropriate), to be 100mm below adjacent paving, kerbs or lawns after cultivation and reasonable consolidation.

Prior to planting, all planting areas shall be cleaned of rubbish, stones, unwanted vegetation and other debris.

At planting, all planting areas shall have a minimum uniform soil moisture level of greater than 50% to 200mm depth.

7.3.7 Soil Laboratory Testing At the Council’s discretion, proposed topsoil shall require nutrient laboratory testing when:

• Large specimen trees are to be planted; and/or, • At least 2,500 or more shrubs and/or trees are to be planted into a site.

When there are less than 2,500 shrubs and/or trees to be installed, testing will be at Council’s discretion.

Planting shall not proceed without Council soil test approval. Council reserves the right to:

• View the topsoil at its source; and/or

• Request further topsoil sample testing; and/or

• Undertake further topsoil sample testing

7.3.7.1 Prior to Considering Topsoil Approval

The laboratory results and a plan indicating sample site locations shall be provided to Council prior to planting. Where sample results are beyond acceptable parameters, the topsoil shall be modified to ensure that it aligns within these parameters or another conforming topsoil source shall be identified to be used for planting. Soils with a high pH level may require Extractable Aluminium testing.

7.3.7.2 Soil Sampling Protocol

Soil samples shall be taken as per the Hills Laboratories Soil Testing Pastoral Farm methodology or Reams soil testing methodology. The minimum number of sample sites depends on the following criteria.

a) If the topsoil has already been installed on site or existing topsoil is being used for planting, a minimum of 10 soil samples shall be taken throughout the site

b) If the topsoil has yet to be installed then a minimum of five soil samples shall be taken at its source and approved by Council. Verification is required that the tested topsoil is installed on the site

Table 7-7: Acceptable Soil Parameters

Hills Methodology Reams Methodology

Soil Component Parameters Unit Parameters Unit

pH 5.8 - 6.3 6.2 – 6.4

Phosphorus 30 - 80 ug/mL 100 – 200 kg/ha


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Hills Methodology Reams Methodology

Soil Component Parameters Unit Parameters Unit

Potassium 0.5 - 1.0 me/100g 100 – 200 kg/ha

Calcium 6 - 12 me/100g 2000 - 5000 kg/ha

Magnesium 1 - 3 me/100g 280 - 800 kg/ha

Sodium 0.5 me/100g - (Not tested)

CEC 12 – 25 me/100g Varies according to soil

type

Base Saturation 50 – 85 % TDN kg/ha

Volume Weight 0.60 - 1.00 g/mL Varies according to soil

type

Available Nitrogen 150 - 250 kg/ha 40 – 80 kg/ha (NO3, N)

Organic Matter 7 - 17 % 30 – 40 %

Total Nitrogen 0.2 – 0.5 % 40 – 80 kg/ha (NH4, N)

ORP - 25 – 28

Paramagnetism - 300 – 1200

Ca:Mg - 7:1

P:K - 1:1

7.3.8 Soil Composition The subgrade of the proposed planting area shall be firm but free draining. If required by Council the subgrade strata shall be made permeable by the insertion of vertical holes to permeable layers, by scarifying of the surface to ensure free draining through the underlying material, or by undercutting the existing subgrade to a greater depth than specified. In this case, the unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced by imported pit sand to top of subgrade level.

In areas of new planting, base soil (either 2nd grade topsoil or pit sand) shall be placed evenly over the prepared subgrade and consolidated to a depth of 150mm. The sand/soil shall be free of debris and perennial weeds. No sand/soil shall be placed without Council’s prior consent.

In all sites, except natural gully systems, where the slope gradient is steeper than 1:3 (one metre high by three metres long), it is preferable that the embankment is either scarified or grooved on an angle to a depth of 200mm, from the top of the bank to the base. This assists topsoil adhesion and prevents separation of the top 150mm topsoil from the base material due to gravity and/or glazed/planning of base material.

Should site conditions, such as gradient or compaction, prevent scarifying, the embankment sub-base shall be benched to develop an adequate topsoil profile. The horizontal benching depth is dependent on the slope gradient.

7.3.9 Tree Pits Saw-cutting of existing seal where required shall be undertaken between 250mm to 300mm from the back of the kerb. The design and measurements must be approved by Council prior to


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works commencing. The cut line shall be parallel the kerb lines wherever possible. All cut-outs are to be square and to be a minimum 1.0m x 1.0m dimension.

Refer to Drawing, 8.4 and 8.5 for tree pit details

Planting holes shall be excavated, according to the following specification.

Table 7-8: Tree Pits Design Criteria

Tree Type Tree Grade Pit Shape Pit Depth

Street Trees PB95 1.0m x 1.0m square 1000mm

Park/Reserve Tree PB95 2.0m diameter 1000mm

Park/Reserve Tree PB150 2.5m diameter 1000mm

The base of the planting hole shall be forked to a minimum depth of 200mm and any stones over 50mm diameter or poor quality subsoil shall be removed from the hole.

The sides of the planting hole shall also be loosened by forking to 150mm minimum, and the surrounding ground to two times the root ball diameter shall be ‘forked’ over to reduce compaction.

Where topsoil is unsuitable for backfilling, imported or modified top soil for backfilling shall be used. The imported topsoil shall be a free draining loam of a quality and subject to inspection by Council prior to placement.

Modified backfill soil shall consist of a homogenous mixture of the following.

a) Parts by volume of good quality, friable topsoil from the site or imported

b) Three parts by volume of approved compost e.g. that produced from the Hamilton Organic Recycling Centre

c) Two parts by volume of coarse river sand

7.3.10 Grassing, Sowing and Turfing This section covers the preparation and sowing of any new grassed areas or those requiring reinstatement, or turfing of such areas. It includes berms, lawns and embankments.

7.3.10.1 Preparation for Sowing or Turfing

Grassing and fertilising shall be carried out over all existing grassed areas disturbed by contract activity and other specified areas which may require reinstatement. In existing grassed areas, excessive compaction of the subsoil shall be relieved by subsoiling or similar as required, to achieve satisfactory long term growing conditions.

All topsoil removed to permit contract works to be carried out shall be stockpiled for reuse.

All new grass areas shall be built on subgrades prepared to a CBR of not less than five and no greater than seven. A minimum 75mm layer of clean, friable peat loam or sandy loam topsoil, free of all perennial weeds, stones and rubbish shall be placed on the subgrade. If the subgrade has been backfilled with sand or if the existing subgrade material is of a sandy nature then the 75mm topsoil shall be of a heavier silt loam.

The topsoil shall be lightly compacted or consolidated, and may be laid proud of adjoining features (such as kerb and channel, path, crossings etc.) by not more than 25mm to allow for settlement, provided that it does not cause water to pond on any footpath or vehicle crossing


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area. All finish levels shall be those specified on the plans or to a 2-2.5% slope. New areas shall be neatly contoured into adjoining grassed areas. The top 25mm of topsoil shall have a loose tilth. No soil shall be cultivated or handled when the moisture content is at a level where soil structure damage will result.

Perennial weeds shall be sprayed with Glyphosate plus ‘Versatil’, if clover, thistles (and such) are a problem, according to manufacturer's instructions and at least 14 days before cultivation. All stones, rubbish and other foreign materials shall be removed from the areas to be grassed, and the whole area rotary hoed to a depth of 150mm or such lesser depth of topsoil as may be approved by Council.

7.3.10.2 Grass Sowing

With the exception of the New Zealand Browntop component, all seed shall be certified and less than 12 months old at the time of sowing. Ryegrass component to be certified as having greater than 80% live endophyte content. Council may prohibit the use of seed which has deteriorated because of wetting, fertiliser-burning, and other reasons at their discretion.

The seed mixture shall be NZ Browntop 50 kg/ha and High Endophyte Turf Rye 200 kg/ha.

On large areas, the seed shall be ‘check’ sown in at least two directions, to ensure an even spread, and covered by brush harrowing. The surface shall then be rolled with a suitable flat roller.

On small areas, grass seed shall be evenly applied to the prepared surface and raked thoroughly into the soil so that little seed remains exposed.

7.3.11 Establishment of Sown Areas Newly established grass shall be protected from damage by pedestrian and vehicular traffic until such time as the grass growth has reached a self-sustaining state.

The grassed areas shall be watered as required, to achieve an efficient germination of the seed and maintain satisfactory growth throughout the maintenance period. Watering shall commence when root zone moisture is depleted to 50% and shall ensure full re-wetting of the root zone to 200mm depth.

During the establishment, the newly grassed areas shall be maintained as follows.

a) Upon the grass reaching 100mm in height, it shall be cut to 50mm high

b) For subsequent mowings, the mowing frequency shall be governed by growth rate. Minimum grass height to be 20mm - maximum grass height to be 30mm

c) The turf shall be maintained free of all broadleaf weeds

d) Areas where there has been a poor strike of grass shall be either re-cultivated and re-sown or undersown

e) Upon completion of mowing, all grass clippings shall be collected and removed from all sown grass areas except non kerb and channelled berms. All clippings shall be removed from adjacent hard surfaces

7.3.11.1 Turf

The turf shall be of good quality, free of weeds and pests and with an even thickness of approximately 20mm x 450mm wide and of a consistent length. The constituent grasses of the turf should include Browntop and Fescue, i.e. ‘Readylawn’ or similar approved by Council. The


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turf should be sufficiently fibrous for turves to hold together when handled but excess fibre or thatch is undesirable.

Turf should be packed to avoid drying out in transit. In hot weather it shall be sprayed with water and covered with hessian. Turf shall be delivered to the site within 24 hours of lifting and shall be off-loaded by hand unless arranged on pallets for mechanical handling. Any turf permitted to dry out shall be rejected when, in the opinion of Council, its survival after placement is doubtful. All turf should be layed immediately after delivery to site. Where this is not possible, the turves shall be unloaded and stacked on clear ground to a maximum height of one metre and suitably protected.

No turf shall be laid in exceptionally hot dry weather, or in exceptionally wet or frosty soil or weather conditions. Turf shall not be laid until the topsoiling has been satisfactorily completed by being brought to an even tilth and firmness.

Turf shall be handled carefully to ensure minimum breakage and prevent soil dropping from the roots. The turf shall be laid from planks working over turves previously laid.

The turves must be thoroughly watered until the turf mat and top 50mm of soil is wet. After allowing a ‘soaking in’ period the turves shall be lightly and evenly firmed with a wooden tamper to ensure the underside of the turf mat and the wet soil surface are thoroughly bonded.

The finished level of the turf shall conform to the levels indicated. Where the turf meets paths the finished mowing strip level shall be 12mm above the path. Any inequalities in finished levels owing to variation in turf thickness or uneven consolidation of soil shall be adjusted by raking and/or packing fine soil under the turf, not by topdressing the lawn surface.

During the establishment the turf shall be maintained as follows.

a) Prevent any pedestrian traffic until grass is well established and uniformly covered with a strong sward of grass

b) Apply lawn fertiliser e.g. ‘Readylawn Food’, at a rate according to manufacturer's instructions, at monthly intervals during the growing season

c) Remove weeds and replace soil if necessary

d) Water regularly: The turf shall not be allowed to dry out for at least three weeks after laying, then it shall be watered normally. 'Normal' watering shall commence when the root zone moisture is depleted to 50% and shall ensure full re-wetting of the root zone to 200mm depth. In summer this will require watering at least daily. Watering shall normally be carried out prior to 7am and shall not be done in hot sunny conditions

e) Initial mowing shall be carried out when first growth is apparent, with blades set no lower than two-thirds of the height of the grass. Use roll-type mower for first cuts. Grass shall be in a reasonably dry condition. All clippings shall be collected and removed from site. All clippings shall also be removed from adjacent hard surfaces

f) Edges of all turf areas adjoining cultivated gardens, borders, hand paving, sealed surfaces or landscape structures shall be trimmed to the edge or controlled by herbicide to within 25mm of flat surfaces or 50mm of vertical structures. Grass shall not be allowed to encroach over flat paved or sealed surfaces by more than 25mm

g) Areas of turf where there has been a poor establishment shall be relaid


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7.3.12 Street Tree Planting 7.3.12.1 Timing

All specimen tree planting shall be undertaken between May and September , especially deciduous stock. Evergreen stock may be planted outside this period at Council’s discretion, but will be subject to additional maintenance requirements.

All trees shall be planted on the day of delivery to the site.

Council shall be provided with not less than five days notice of dates upon which planting will commence.

7.3.12.2 Transit from Nursery

Street trees shall be well ‘hardened–off’ prior to supply.

All street trees are to be thoroughly watered prior to dispatch from the nursery and are to be thoroughly watered-in after planting.

All trees are shall be transported in covered trailers from the nursery to the planting site.

All roots must be covered during transit and adequately stored to prevent desiccation or damage.

7.3.12.3 Layout

Plants shall be planted in the locations shown on the planting plans and in accordance with these specifications. Unless otherwise indicated on the planting plans all plants shall be planted centrally within the road berm.

7.3.12.4 Installation

All plants and their roots shall be maintained in a moist environment, protected from adverse conditions such as drying winds, frost or water logging.

Planting shall not be undertaken in waterlogged soil or holes that are full or part full with water. If the water table is high and water cannot be dispersed from the hole, Council shall be consulted to determine if works can continue.

All plant containers or wrapping and if necessary any root bound roots shall be removed prior to planting.

Leaves and branches shall be pruned to assist plant establishment if necessary. Generally, the nursery soil level is clearly identifiable on the main stem of the plant and replanting shall be equal to or not exceed 10mm above this level.

The hole shall first be backfilled with consolidated soil or soil mix, mounding the soil in the centre to aid even spread of the roots in 150mm layers.

The plants shall be placed in the hole ensuring that the final soil level is equal to or not exceeding 10mm above the nursery soil level and at an appropriate depth to ensure sustained growth.

The street tree shall have tree root barriers installed where required, irrigated (when applicable), fertilised, mulched and staked as specified in this Section.

7.3.12.5 Tree Root Barriers

Root barriers shall be installed prior to tree planting. The location of root barriers shall be as specified and centred around the plant stem (refer to Drawing D7.2).


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Each fabric/HDPE-based root barrier shall be a minimum 2000m length and be impermeable to penetration by roots according to the following minimum specifications:

Table 7-9: Tree Root Barriers

Weight Thickness Tensile Strength Puncture Resistance Width (Depth)

750g/m2 1.0mm 15 kN/m 300N 300mm

Pre-cast root barriers with appropriate drainage systems may be permissible with written approval from Council.

The top of the root barrier shall be level with the surrounding surfaces (that is, not protruding above the surface).

Where the root barrier is not self-supporting, it shall be held upright by vertically driven 50x25mm H4 treated 900mm long stakes at 500mm centres along the outer face of the root barrier.

7.3.12.6 Street Tree Mulching

All street trees must have a minimum 1.0m diameter mulching circle from the tree trunk.

Where required in small berms the entire berm from footpath to curb line shall be mulched and squared off for easy maintenance. Park/reserve tree planting will require a minimum mulching circle of 2.0m in diameter from the tree trunk.

Mulch shall be well rotted organic tree mulch. Mulch shall be free of foreign debris such as rocks and plastic.

Mulch shall be applied to a depth of no more than 150mm after planting. The final settled depth shall be no more than 120mm and no less than 100mm. Ensure that mulch is welled to a depth of 25mm around the tree trunk.

7.3.13 Irrigation and Fertilising 7.3.13.1 Irrigation

During installation and establishment, the soil in all planting areas moisture shall be retained to ensure active plant growth throughout the growing season (September – May). To achieve a high level of site presentation or in areas of annual bedding display planting, irrigation systems may be required to achieve this.

Where an irrigation system is required to be installed, ‘Toro’ brand or a similar approved brand shall be used. The system shall be capable of providing a minimum soil moisture level of 50% to 200mm depth, throughout the planted areas or within the dripline of trees specified. It shall be capable of fully re-wetting the root zone to 200mm depth when the irrigation is applied; and shall be fully automated to operate between 1:00am and 6:00am when moisture levels drop below 50%.

7.3.13.2 Passive Street Tree Irrigation

When surrounded by hard surfaces or as specified, a street tree shall have a 1900mm long section of perforated Novaflow pipe inserted into the tree pit. The Novaflow is to run down one side of the tree pit, under the intended rootball and up the opposite side of the tree pit to be level with the ground surface. The other end is to extend above the intended mulch layer by 20mm. Both ends of the pipe should be capped. Underground irrigation systems can be used instead of manually watering.


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7.3.13.3 Fertilising

Generally, some form of fertiliser shall be applied to planting. For shrubs and trees, all fertiliser shall be well mixed with the backfilled soil. For bedding or groundcover all fertiliser shall be well mixed with the site topsoil prior to planting. Fertilisers shall be either an approved pelletised natural or organic fertiliser or an approved synthetic fertiliser.

An exception to these approved pelletised natural and organic fertilisers or approved synthetic fertillisers is for the Proteaceous species and ferns which should on no account be fertilised with Phosphate (P) containing fertilisers.

Street Trees

All specimen tree plantings shall have two year slow release fertiliser tablets installed at the time of planting. This shall be implemented using eight minimum 10g tablets inserted in the base of the planting pit, prior to planting, 100mm below the root ball to stimulate root growth. All fertiliser tablets shall have a balanced NPK.

Grass Sowing and Turf

All fertilisers shall be delivered to the site immediately before they are required for spreading and shall be thoroughly mixed on the site. Council may prohibit the use of any fertilisers which have deteriorated because of interaction, wetting, etc. Fertilisers shall be lightly harrowed into the topsoil, 2-3 days prior to seed sowing, at the following rates at 200kg/ha.

• 30% Potassic Superphosphate 150 kg/ha (15g/m2) • Sulphate of Ammonia 50 kg/ha ( 5g/m2)

This shall be followed one month after sowing, with an application of:

• Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP) 100 kg/ha.

7.3.14 Quality Control 7.3.14.1 Plant Grades, Species and Quality

General Plant Grades

All plants shall be supplied true to the species and grades specified on the approved landscape plans. All street trees, unless specified otherwise, shall be of a minimum grade of 2.0m high with a 30mm calliper. Other tree grades shall be supplied as follows:

a) 1.5m-2.5m specimens shall have a calliper of 30-50mm

b) 2.5m-3.5m specimens shall have a calliper of 50-70mm

c) 3.5m-5.0m specimens shall have a calliper of 70-100mm

All other stock shall be of minimum RT or PB 3 grade for groundcover and PB 5 grade for shrubs.

General Plant Species and Quality

a) All plants are to be high quality specimens for their grade and to be well rooted relative to container size

b) No substitution of species or grade shall be made without the written approval of Council. If species or grades specified are unobtainable, Council may approve alternatives. Smaller grades may require an increased planting density and numbers


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c) All plant material supplied shall be clearly labelled stating the plant's Latin name and the supplier's name, (one label per plant group planted). These labels and nursery stakes shall be removed on completion of planting

d) Council shall be provided with not less than five working days notice of dates upon which plants are to be delivered on site, so that arrangements can be made for quality inspection and confirmation of identification of plant material

e) Plants shall be well branched, symmetrical and of typical habit for the species. All plants shall be nursery stock of good form, healthy and vigorous with strong fibrous root systems and free of all pests and diseases

f) All trees shall be supplied with the central leader intact - no pruning of the central leader shall have taken place. All torn or damaged roots shall be pruned before dispatch. All stock shall be well rooted but not rootbound. Open ground stock shall be well-wrenched

g) All root balls and containers shall be free of all weeds. Plants shall be well 'hardened -off' prior to supply

h) All plants and their roots shall be maintained in a moist environment, protected from adverse conditions such as drying winds, frost or water logging. All roots must be covered during transit and storage to prevent desiccation or damage

7.3.14.2 Street Tree Grades, Species and Form

All street trees, unless specified otherwise, shall be of a minimum grade of PB 95 and be first grade nursery specimens. No substitution of species or grade shall be made without the written approval of Council.

Trees shall be well branched, symmetrical and of typical habit for the species. All plants shall be nursery stock of good form, healthy and vigorous with strong fibrous root systems and free of all pests and diseases.

All trees shall be supplied with the central leader intact, whereby no pruning of the central leader shall have taken place. All torn or damaged roots shall be pruned before dispatch.

All stock shall be well rooted but not root bound. All root balls and containers shall be free of all weeds.

7.3.15 Weed and Litter Control 7.3.15.1 Litter Control

The planting area shall be kept clear of all rubbish, including domestic and building materials.

7.3.15.2 Chemical Applications for Weed and Pest Control

All chemical application on planted areas shall be carried out by qualified, trained personnel and according to the Growsafe Code of Practice for Safe Use Pesticides and Herbicides; NZS 8409 ‘The Agrichemical Users Code of Practice’, the Hamilton City Council Herbicide Policy, and any manufacturers’ directions.

All spraying operations shall be carried out in windless, dry conditions, when rain is not imminent for at least 12 hours and at times which minimise possible hazards or disruption to the public, animals or other beneficial fauna. Care shall be taken to prevent spray drifting onto non-target areas or plants and comply with notification requirements as required by the proposed Waikato Regional Plan.


Section 7 Landscape

Herbicides may be used to control weeds or excess grass growth over structures, surfaces or into planting areas. Approved herbicides are:

• Glyphosate with Codacide oil or Pulse Penetrant for general use • Glyphosate + ‘Versatil’ for persistent perennial weeds • Tordon Brushkiller or Escort for spot spraying of woody weeds only

All use of any other herbicides shall be first approved by Council.

All trees in grassed areas shall have a weed release spot spray applied between four and six months after planting. General weed control shall be carried out whenever necessary to maintain the planting weed-free.

Chemical weed control in planting areas shall be kept within the edge of the planting beds, within a maximum of 500mm of tree trunks, within 50mm of the edge of any undefined mulch surface, and within 50mm of any posts or the base of any landscape structures.

7.3.16 Mulching Unless otherwise approved by Council, all new planting areas shall be mulched. All care shall be taken in placing the mulch so as to protect the plants and any irrigation system, ensuring that no plant canopy is covered by mulch post-installation. All damage to the plants or irrigation system shall be rectified.

7.3.16.1 Site Specific Mulch Applications

Flat Site Mulch

On sites flatter than a 1:2 grade (1.0m high by 3.0m metres long), bark mulch shall be spread evenly to a depth of 100mm over the planted area, creating an inverted cone hollow around each plant stem with a maximum 25mm depth around plant stems. The mulch shall be supplied as scheduled, clean and free of soil, sawdust and wood preservatives, and a sample shall be provided to Council for approval prior to spread.

• Coarse untreated shredded pine bark should have an average diameter of 50mm and with no pieces longer than 100mm. Coarse bark is appropriate to most locations

• Fine untreated shredded pine bark should have no pieces longer than 40mm and be evenly graded. Fine bark may be specified by Council in commercial areas, or for other specified locations

• Aged woodchip or arbour mulch may be used at the Council's discretion

Steep Site Mulch

On slopes steeper than 1:2, mulching for weed control shall consist of a Council approved matting with the following criteria.

a) The matting consists of:

i. A single layer of biodegradable mulching fabric or material without synthetic geonet or synthetic geotextile content; with

ii. At least 1000gsm density composed of approximately four to five inch long coir fibres; and

b) Has preferably a 100 percent rubber-based binder to hold the fibres together

c) It shall be installed according to manufacturer's instructions prior to planting, ensuring that the mulch will not uplift due to inundation or wildlife exposure (from, for example, Pukeko)


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d) The mulching fabric shall have a minimum 24 month life expectancy and be fully biodegraded into soil within six years. It should be walkable on by maintenance crew, without damage to the fabric, within the first 6-12 months of installation

A simple test to ascertain whether the mulching fabric is viable is to hold a sample to the sky. It should be mostly opaque. This density inhibits weed seeds trapped under the mulching fabric from sprouting, provides good moisture retention and assists with batter erosion control.

At Council’s discretion, mat rounds may be used instead of matting. These shall be a minimum 500mm diameter and have the same characteristics as the mulch fabric. Each round shall have 8 pins: 4 pins equidistant near the outer edge and 4 pins around the plant stem.

On steep slopes with erosion issues that are receiving planting, biodegradable netting with no geotextile or geonet content shall be used at Council’s discretion. The netting will have an expected lifespan of at least 36 months. This may be placed on top of the mulch matting and shall be installed according to manufacturer’s instructions. The netting is not intended to suppress weeds and should be used in conjunction with mulch matting or rounds.

7.3.17 Staking, Fencing and Protection 7.3.17.1 Specimen and Street Trees

Newly planted specimen trees shall be staked with 2 no. 50 x 50 x 1.8m rough sawn Pine H4 treated stakes with at least one third of their length (600mm) in the ground and at least 1.0m exposed minimum, or as specified on the plan with the approval of Council. Two flexible ties per stake shall be attached. Ties shall be tensioned to avoid chafing of the tree against the stakes but with enough play for the tree to move in the wind. All ties shall be fixed to the stakes.

Ties shall be of a type approved by Council prior to tying. Ties are to be fixed to the outer stake face with a minimum of four staples in a square pattern.

At Council’s discretion, Park/Reserve trees may require 3-4 stakes depending on the size of tree and canopy size.

All staking shall be parallel with the road kerb.

All stakes shall be inserted to avoid hitting the root ball. Stakes shall be at least 400mm away from the tree trunk and no more than 500mm away.

7.3.17.2 Non-Street Tree Staking

Unless otherwise approved by Council:

a) All shrub species shall be planted at 1.3l to 5l grades

b) All tree species shall be planted at greater than 2.5l grades

c) All non-street trees shall be staked with a single 1.2m minimum long 22-25mm diameter dead bamboo stake, positioned outside the rootball, driven into the ground to at least a 400mm depth. The stake is to be fastened 2/3rd up the plant stem/trunk with an interlocking tree tie (Treelock) or a Council-approved alternative

If the tree tie is not biodegradable:

• The tie shall be adjusted periodically so that the stem/trunk does not become damage or the stem/trunk grows over the tie.

• The tie shall be removed at a time designated during the design phase of the landscape planting.


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Some nursery-supplied plants are provided with a stake attached, usually directly against the main stem. This stake is to be removed and replaced according to this specification.

7.3.17.3 Livestock Fencing

Where required livestock fencing shall be provided. At road frontages, no hot wires shall be used unless they are attached at 300mm inside a physical barrier.

The stockproof fence shall be a durable fence which achieves the required purpose of preventing access of all livestock to the site under development. At road frontages the fence shall meet the following minimum standards:

Table 7-10: Livestock Fencing Standards

Component Type Size and Placing Strainers No.1 2.4m long with stay Angles No.1 2.1m long with stays (if required) at fence line Stays No.2 2.4m long Posts No.2 1.8m long Basttens 50 x 40 Equidistant placing, 0.8m maximum spacing Wire High Tensile Wire 8 wires

The wires shall be facing the roadside with posts and battens behind.

Strainers shall be set to lean away from the angle of the fence to some extent or at worst be vertical upon completion of the tensioned fence.

In poor soil conditions or variable topography, longer posts, longer strainers and more substantial footings and stays shall be used where necessary to achieve a stable fence.

7.3.18 Pruning Pruning should be carried out in accordance with acceptable modern aboricultural and horticultural practices.

On-going pruning during the defects and liability period shall concentrate on producing good plant form, ground coverage, removal of spent flowers, healthy growth, preventing plants smothering other planting, keeping access ways clear of growth and maintaining visibility.

Trees shall be pruned up to provide good visibility for vehicles and pedestrians at all times. (Long term, trees should comply with District Plan sightline requirements).

Shrubs shall be pruned down to 450mm height maximum, for good visibility at intersection and other visibility splays.

Pruning of shrubs and groundcovers shall use techniques which maintain the natural form and habit of the plants. Pruning shall avoid ‘hedging’ techniques which create strong visual lines and detract from the natural texture and form of the plants. Groundcover plants shall be pruned by undercutting at the edges.

Planting designed as hedges shall be clipped only after Spring or Autumn growth flushes.

Hedges grown for flowers shall be clipped only after completion of flowering. Hedge trimming shall be carried out in a way that will promote even growth to the specified height and width.

All prunings shall be removed from the planted areas and the site so that the site is left in a clean and tidy condition.


Section 7 Landscape

7.4 Defects and Liability

Works to be carried out under the defects and liability period include routine maintenance of the landscape planting works i.e. weeding, mulching, watering and replacement of plants. Monthly reports on maintenance work shall be supplied to Council throughout the defects and liability period (please refer to form F7.2 of this document).

Council may periodically check the site to ensure that maintenance requirements are being met. Should any defects be identified, the defects shall be remedied or mitigated within one month.

7.4.1 Works clearance Inspection After completing all proposed works Council shall be provided notice at least seven working days prior to the proposed commencement of the defects liability period and shall be available for a joint pre-defects liability period inspection.

7.4.2 Defects Liability Period Final Inspection At the end of the defects liability period Council shall be provided notice at least seven working days prior to the proposed commencement of Council acceptance of the asset and its on-going maintenance.

The General Planting Defects Requirements apply to all planting, except where Street Trees and Grass Turf have been planted.

7.4.3 Street Trees Defects Liability Period The planting defects liability period shall be 12 months from works clearance and acceptance of the landscape planting works by Council or upon release of any implementation bond held for uncompleted landscaping. Refer to Table 7-10 for a summary.

When planting is undertaken outside of the period outlined in Section 7.4.3 the defects liability period shall be extended for an additional six months.

If planting is completed outside the stated planting timeframes additional watering will be required at Council’s discretion.

A copy of the as-built plan recording any variation from the approved landscape planting plans shall be provided to Council.

7.4.4 General Planting Defects Liability Period The planting defects liability period shall be 12 months from works clearance upon release of any implementation bond held for uncompleted landscaping. If planting is carried out between October 1 and April 1, the Defects Liability period shall be extended for an additional 6 months. Refer to Table 7-10 for a summary.

During and at the end of the defects liability period, the following minimum standards are required.

a) All topsoiled areas prior to planting and mulching shall be weed-free

b) All planted areas shall be kept weed-free


Section 7 Landscape

c) All planted areas including street trees shall be mulched with clean weed matting, fibre or loose fill mulch

d) All trees and other planting shall be vigorous and healthy, free of disease and free of dead growth or dead flowers

e) If planting is to take place during drier, summer months, provision of temporary on-site irrigation should be discussed with Coucnil

f) Planting is becoming well established. Any plants failing during this period shall be replaced to the specification, to ensure adequate establishment of the planting

g) Plant growth shall be trimmed to the extent and height required for any visibility splays

h) All tree stakes and ties shall be intact and correctly installed

Table 7-12 for further maintenance objectives, methodology and frequency requirements.

During the defects period, regular checks of plants that have been staked shall be carried out. When plant stakes are damaged, leaning over, have broken ties or have been removed without Council’s consent, the plant shall be staked again as per specifications.

Should the stakes no longer be providing adequate support for a plant, on approval from Council, the stakes shall be removed and disposed without damaging the plant.

At the end of the defects liability period, the planting area may have no more than one 100mm x100mm weed per 5m2. Furthermore, no perennial grass weeds will be accepted.

7.4.4.1 Replacement Planting

All replacement plants that have been installed due to plant failure shall have successfully established for at least three months prior to the final defects check otherwise the defects period will be extend by at least three months. Council reserves the right to request replacement records that preferably include dated digital photographic evidence to verify installation dates.

Should more than 25% of the originally installed planting fail during the defects period, the plants shall be replaced and the defects period for the whole planting area shall extend by a minimum six months.

7.4.5 Fencing and Landscape Structure Defects Liability Maintenance During and at the end of the defects liability period the following minimum standards shall be maintained

a) All permanent or temporary landscape structures shall be structurally sound, safe, functional or operational and in a presentable finished form

b) Paint work and other finishes shall be maintained in a clean and presentable finished form. Bolts and other fixtures shall be maintained sound and without loose parts or rough edges

c) All structures shall be free of litter, graffiti, grime, weeds and plant growth or any other foreign matter

d) Borders, footing edges or paving shall be maintained so that no more than 25mm of grass or other vegetation is allowed to encroach. Vertical elements without mowing edges shall have vegetation maintained clear of the structure by no less than 25mm and no more than 75mm


Section 7 Landscape

7.4.6 Grassing and Turf Defects Liability Period After initial establishment, during and at the end of the defects liability period, the following minimum standards shall be maintained:

a) All kerb and channelled verges shall have grass growth no more than 50mm high, non-kerb-and-channelled verges shall have grass growth no more than 200mm high and banks shall have grass growth not more than 250mm high.

b) The sward shall be maintained in a healthy, weed-and-disease free state without bare patches

c) Trees and other plantings shall be protected from damage by maintenance or mowing operations and if damaged shall be reinstated within one week of the damage occurring

d) Maintenance and mowing operations shall be carried out at times which minimise disruption to the public

e) Maintenance and mowing operations shall be carried out only in conditions with equipment that ensures maintenance of good soil structure, minimum deformation of ground surfaces and on-going establishment of the grass sward

f) Litter shall be removed prior to commencing maintenance or mowing operations. Highly visible shredded litter shall be removed following maintenance and mowing

g) Grass clippings, when not required to be collected during mowing, shall be spread evenly over the sward

Table 7-11: Length of Defects Period Summary

Installation Period Landscape Type Defects Period Length (Months)

General Planting

Street Tree / Specimen Tree

Grass and Turf

Structure

1 April to 30 September 6 12 6 6

1 October to 31 March + 6 + 6 +6 6

Replacement Planting – Less than 25% Mortality

+ 3 + 3 N/A N/A

Replacement Planting – More than 25% Mortality

+ 6 + 6 N/A N/A


Section 7 Landscape

Table 7-12: Minimum General Landscape Maintenance Schedule during Defects Liability Period

Defects Liability Period Maintenance

Regime Frequency Term Season

Compliance Inspections – Council

Assess that site(s) is being maintained as per specification

Three months maximum; or as required

Defects duration All

Compliance Inspections – Developer / Contractor

Check for problem weeds, failed plants, pest damage, pruning and replacement needs Ensure mulch application correct depth / coverage / placement

Monthly Defects duration All

Fertiliser (in planting areas)

Pellets: 'Nitrophoska Blue' at 100g/m2 on shrub planted areas or 100g/tree Foliar Feed: On Council approval, apply approved liquid foliar feed

Pellets: Once only at start of second growing season or after replacement planting Foliar feed: Once two weeks prior to end of defects and liability period

As applicable Spring preferably

Mulching Arbour and Bark: Maintained at 100mm depth with 25mm depth around stem with inverted hollow cone. Mulch travel not evident outside planting area Matting: Check and ensure pins and matting installed correctly, fabric is intact, weed-free between plants Matting Rounds: Check and ensure pins and matting installed correctly, fabric is intact

Arbour and Bark: Replace / top up once after planting (if required) Matting and Rounds: Replace / repair fabric and pins (as required)

Arbour and Bark: No more than two months before end of Defects Matting and Rounds: Periodically throughout Defects

Apr-Oct preferably


Section 7 Landscape

Defects Liability Period Maintenance

Regime Frequency Term Season

Plant Replacement Replace according to allocated planting scheme Plant Schedule species and centre(s)

As determined by Compliance Inspections

Up to three months before end of defects and liability period

Winter-Spring

Rubbish Remove to waste domestic and builders rubbish from planted areas

Monthly Defects duration All

Staking Damaged ties and stakes (inc those leaning over) are to be replaced and reinstalled, inc stakes on lean. Replant plant if on lean ensuring roots not exposed

As required. Two month inspection rotation


Weed Control Manual removal of weeds or 'knock-down' herbicide. No spraying near waterways

Monthly


Table 7-13: Minimum On-going General Landscape Maintenance Schedule

Post-Defects / On-going Maintenance

Regime* Frequency Term Timeframe

Compliance Inspections – Council

Assess that site(s) is being maintained as per specification

• Six months • Annual

• Up to 10 years post-defects certificate

• 10+ years post-defect certificate

• Mar-Sept • Mar-Apr

Compliance Inspections - Developer / Contractor

• Check for problem weeds, failed plants, pest damage, pruning and replacement needs.

• Ensure mulch application correct

• Three months • Six months

• Up to 10 years post-defects certificate

• 10+ years post-defects certificate

• Mar-Sept • Mar-Sept

preferably


Section 7 Landscape



depth / coverage / placement

Fertiliser (in planting areas)

Apply approved fertilizer As determined by Compliance Inspections – Council

As required Sept-Oct preferably

Mulching • Arbour and Bark: Maintained at 100mm depth with 25mm depth around stem with inverted hollow cone. Mulch travel not evident outside planting area

• Matting: Ensure pins installed correctly, fabric is intact; replace as required. Ensure weed-free between plants

Determined by Compliance Inspections.

• Arbour: Annually, as required

• Bark: Bi-annually, as required

• Matting: 3 months

Arbour and Bark: • Within Planting Area • Until there is sufficient

established canopy to prevent weeds

• Planting Area Edge** • Duration of planting scheme Matting: Up to 18 months post-initial installation

Apr-Oct preferably

Plant Pruning Limb or trim only where necessary to maintain visibility to site or growth of other species. Maintenance of full ground cover is essential. Prune large specimen trees according to good arboricultural practice, maintaining their natural form. No trees to be topped.

Periodically as required by Compliance Inspections

Duration of planting scheme Spring/Autumn

Plant Removal (for CPTED sightlines, reduce overcrowding, replacements)

Complete removal without damage to surrounding vegetation and infrastructure

Periodically as determined by Compliance Inspections and/or implementation programme

Duration of planting scheme Autumn

Plant Replacement Replace according to planting scheme Plant Schedule species or in alignment with the design intent of the planting

Periodically as determined by Compliance Inspections – Council

As required Winter


Section 7 Landscape



scheme and/or resource consent conditions.

Rubbish Remove to waste domestic and builders rubbish from planted areas

Three months Duration of planting scheme All

Staking • Inspect and adjust stake ties according to calliper growth rates

• Cut ties and remove ties and stakes once plant no longer requires support

Six months until all stakes removed

Up to threef years post-defects certificate

All

Weed Control • Inspect for weeds • Manual removal of weeds or 'knock-

down' herbicide. No spraying near waterways

Within Planting Area • Three months • Six months • Annually Planting Area Edge** • Three months

Within Planting Area • <5 years post-defects

certificate • 5-10 years post-defects

certificate • 10+ years post-defects

certificate Planting Area Edge** • Three months

All

** The ‘Planting Area Edge’ is the visible ground planting bed outside of the established vegetative canopy cover.


Appendix A Drawings

Table 7-14: Drawing Register

Drawing No Title

D7.1 Landscape Bedding

D7.2 Street Tree Planting Clearances

D7.3 Tree Pits Within Carriageway

D7.4 Street Tree Root Barrier

D7.5 Tree Pits within Carriageway Pavements

D7.6 Kerbside Tree Pit


Appendix B Plant Number Calculator


Plant Number Calculator To calculate plants required for level sites, determine the plant centre required:

Formula: Planting Area X Level Site

Example: Plants to be planted at 300mm centres in a Planting Area of 10m2 on a Level Site Planting Area (10m2) X Level Site (11.11) = 111 plants required

To calculate plants required on sloped sites, determine the plant centre required:

Formula: (Plant Area X Level Site) X Slope gradient

Example: Plants to be planted at 300mm centres in a Planting Area of 10m2 on a Slope 1:1 (1 horizontal to 1 vertical)

(Planting Area (10m2) X Level Site (11.11)) X Slope multiplier (1.41) = 157 plants required

Plant Centres

(mm) Minimum Area Applicable (m2)

Multipliers Level Site Slope 1:1 Slope 1:2 Slope 1:3 Slope 1:4

250 0.10 16.00 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 300 0.15 11.11 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 400 0.25 6.25 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 500 0.25 4.00 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 600 0.50 2.75 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 700 0.75 2.05 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 750 0.75 1.78 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 800 1.00 1.56 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 900 1.00 1.23 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025

1000 1.00 1.00 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 1100 1.25 0.83 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 1200 1.50 0.69 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 1300 1.75 0.59 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 1400 2.00 0.51 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 1500 2.50 0.44 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 1600 2.75 0.39 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 1700 3.00 0.35 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 1800 3.25 0.31 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 1900 3.75 0.28 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 2000 4.00 0.25 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 2100 4.50 0.23 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 2200 4.75 0.22 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 2300 5.50 0.19 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 2400 6.00 0.17 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 2500 6.25 0.16 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 2600 6.75 0.15 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 2700 7.25 0.14 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 2800 7.75 0.13 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 2900 8.35 0.12 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025 3000 9.25 0.11 1.41 1.12 1.05 1.025


Appendix C Forms

Table 7-15: Forms and Checklists

Number Title F7.1 Street Trees and Gardens Pre Defects liability Period

Inspection F7.2 Street Trees and Gardens Final Inspection


Appendix C Last Updated: 18 October 2013

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