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Language Obsolescence and Revitalization: The Case of the Channel Islands Mari Jones University of Cambridge [email protected]

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Page 1: Language Obsolescence and Revitalization: The Case of the .... Jones-Lyon... · Language Obsolescence and Revitalization: The Case of the Channel Islands Mari Jones University of

Language Obsolescence andRevitalization: The Case of

the Channel IslandsMari Jones

University of [email protected]

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Charles Joret

• Des Caractères et de l’extension du patoisnormand (1883)

• Ligne Joret• /k/ + /a/ > /k/ - ; /k/ + front vowel > - /s/

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français Jèrriais Guernésia i s Serquiais chat, vache [ ]

k , v k k kat (V), v k

k t v k

Cent, cinq [s]

k, ek

, o , e, j

, t , e, ej

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‘Internal’ Linguistic Variation’

• Jersey (east - west)

• Guernsey (north -south)

• /ko/ (C,V) - /kaw/ (F,P) (fr. chaud)

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Speakers

JERSEY• 1989: 5,720 (6.9%)• 2001: 2,874 (2%)

GUERNSEY• 2001: 1,327 (2.2%)

• SARK: c. 20

• ALDERNEY: 0

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History (1)

• 1204 - King John “Lackland” loses the duchyof Normandy to the French (King PhilippeAuguste)

• The archipelago continues its politicalallegiance to England

• English garrisons in Jersey and GuernseyContact with English (especially in St. Helier

and in St. Peter Port)

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History (2)

• Tourism• Finance IndustryImmigration from the United Kingdom

• 1940: Occupation by the Germans (5years)

Evacuation

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Sark

• 1835: English-speaking miners arrive(tin)

• Tourism

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Borrowings (1)

• Bike (vélo) [English: ‘bike’] (J)• Boutchet (seau) [Eng.: ‘bucket’] (J)• Dgêle (tempête) [Eng.: ‘gale’] (J)• Alouaïr (permettre) [Eng.: ‘allow’] (G)• Châtcher (secouer) [Eng.: ‘shake’] (G)• Djaine (bande) [Eng.: ‘gang’] (G)• (tricoter) [Eng.: ‘to knit’] (S)

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Borrowings (2)

Jersey• Ticl’ye (bouilloire) (< ‘tea-kettle’)cf. G. caudjère

Sark• (crible) (<‘screen/riddle’)cf. J. cribl’ye

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‘With’

Auve (J), Dauve (G), [ov] (S)• Counnis-tu chutte belle garce dauve l’s bllus

iaers? (G) (‘Connais-tu cette belle fille auxyeux bleus?’)

Atout (J), atou (G) [atu] (S)• J’ai copaï lé pôin atou lé couté (‘J’ai coupé le

pain avec le couteau’)Acanté (J)• Je m’en vais acanté lyi (‘Je vais avec elle’)

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Calques

• J’fallais aller en cours (J)• La langue va (G)• [par le sɛ tu tɛ fini] (S)

• I sont bein supportés (J)• Not desnaïr fut attendu par 230

persaonnes (G)

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Language Planning (1)

• L’Assembllaïed’Guernesiais

• L’Assembléed’Jèrriais

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Language Planning (2)• La Société Jersiaise

(1873)(Section de laLangue Jèrriaise -1995))

• La SociétéGuernesiaise (1882)

• Le Congès des ParlersNormands et Jèrriais(1996)

• Don Balleine Trust(Jersey) (1943)

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Language Planning (3)

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Codification (1)

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Codification (2)

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Codification (3)

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Literature

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Sark

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Teaching

• Evening classes: 1967 (Jersey), c. 1980(Guernsey)

• Primary school since 1999 (Jersey), 2004(Guernsey)

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Corpus Planning• lé compiuter, lé printeu• lé software, l’email• brantchi (cf. brancher); clavi (cf. clavier);

distchette (cf. disquette)• internet; modem; scanneu• boîte de dialogue; disque dur• ithangnie; la page dé siez-mé• èrchelle (cf. flèche à défiler); déchergi (cf.

télécharger)

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Welsh Language initiativesoutside the school

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Eisteddfod (cultural festival)

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Standardisation

• St. Ouen sub-dialect(St. Ouennais)

• 'In many ways ...has asserted itselfas the standard formof Jèrriais'

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Table after K. George (1986): ThePronunciation and Spelling of Revived Cornish

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Mèrcie bein des fais

A la perchôine!