laptop time! click on your hard drive click on documents create new folder “biology” color...
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Laptop Time!Laptop Time!
Click on your hard drive Click on documents Create new folder “Biology” Color label it Open biology folder and create these folders:
Notes Handouts Vocab Homework Labs
Click on your hard drive Click on documents Create new folder “Biology” Color label it Open biology folder and create these folders:
Notes Handouts Vocab Homework Labs
Go to my website: http://www.os4e.com/pvcsd/pvhs/
jzupan Download chemistry notes Save in “biology” --->“notes”
Go to my website: http://www.os4e.com/pvcsd/pvhs/
jzupan Download chemistry notes Save in “biology” --->“notes”
Do NowDo Now
1. Take out Organic Chemistry Vocab
2. What is a saccharride?
1. Take out Organic Chemistry Vocab
2. What is a saccharride?
Organic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry
Study of elements and compounds and their reactions with each other
Study of elements and compounds and their reactions with each other
Atom Basic building block
of matter 3 parts Nucleus
Center of an atom Composed of two
particles
Atom Basic building block
of matter 3 parts Nucleus
Center of an atom Composed of two
particles
1. Protons Positive particles
in nucleus Atomic #
2. Neutrons Particles in
nucleus No charge
3. Electrons Negatively
charged Circle around
nucleus
1. Protons Positive particles
in nucleus Atomic #
2. Neutrons Particles in
nucleus No charge
3. Electrons Negatively
charged Circle around
nucleus
Electron Orbitals 1st orbital
2 electrons
2nd orbital8 electrons
3rd orbital8 electrons
Element A substance made up of only 1 kind of
atom
Electron Orbitals 1st orbital
2 electrons
2nd orbital8 electrons
3rd orbital8 electrons
Element A substance made up of only 1 kind of
atom
http://www.webelements.com/
Atomic Number # of protons in an
atom
Atomic Number # of protons in an
atom
C6
12.01
Mass Number # of protons and
neutrons in an atom
Mass Number # of protons and
neutrons in an atom Isotope
An atom with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
Isotope An atom with the
same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
IsotopesIsotopes
Example: Carbon-12, Carbon- 13, and Carbon- 14
C-14 unstable = breaks down = radioactive Used in medicine & research:
Cells use isotopes like any other atom Radioactivity acts as marker for pathways
atoms take in body
Example: Carbon-12, Carbon- 13, and Carbon- 14
C-14 unstable = breaks down = radioactive Used in medicine & research:
Cells use isotopes like any other atom Radioactivity acts as marker for pathways
atoms take in body
Radioactive DecayRadioactive Decay
Rate of decay of an isotope Also called its half-life Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,600 years
Rate of decay of an isotope Also called its half-life Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,600 years
IsotopesIsotopes
1. What is the atomic number for Carbon?2. How many protons does Calcium (Ca)
have?3. How many electrons does Ca have?4. How many electrons fit into the 1st
orbital5. What is an isotope?
1. What is the atomic number for Carbon?2. How many protons does Calcium (Ca)
have?3. How many electrons does Ca have?4. How many electrons fit into the 1st
orbital5. What is an isotope?
Do Now (use your notes)Do Now (use your notes)
IonsIons
An atom that carries an unequal number of protons to electrons
Cation A net positive charge
Anion A net negative charge
An atom that carries an unequal number of protons to electrons
Cation A net positive charge
Anion A net negative charge
Practice QuestionPractice Question1. How many
neutrons does this element have?
2. How many protons?
3. How many electrons?
1. How many neutrons does this element have?
2. How many protons?
3. How many electrons?
F 9
19.00
10
9
9
BondsBonds Elements will fill orbitals to
become stable Carbon needs 4 bonds to be stable
Hydrogen needs 1 bond
Oxygen needs 2 bonds
Elements will fill orbitals to become stable
Carbon needs 4 bonds to be stable
Hydrogen needs 1 bond
Oxygen needs 2 bonds
MoleculesMolecules
Two or more like atoms bonded together Examples: N2, O2
Two or more like atoms bonded together Examples: N2, O2
CompoundsCompounds Two or more different atoms bonded
together Example: Octane, C8H18
Two or more different atoms bonded together Example: Octane, C8H18
How are these spiders able to walk on water?
How are these spiders able to walk on water?
Hydrogen BondsHydrogen Bonds
Weak bonds between water molecules that can be easily broken.
Weak bonds between water molecules that can be easily broken.
Hydrogen Bonds in WaterHydrogen Bonds in Water
http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/hydrogenbonds.html
http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/hydrogenbonds.html
Surface TensionSurface Tension
Penny labPenny lab1. Make your hypothesis on which will
get more drops; regular or soapy water.
2. How many drops can you get with water?
3. How many drops can you get with soapy water?
4. Answer all analysis questions
1. Make your hypothesis on which will get more drops; regular or soapy water.
2. How many drops can you get with water?
3. How many drops can you get with soapy water?
4. Answer all analysis questions
Do NowDo Now1. What is the difference
between a cation and anion?
Make these stable compounds.
2. CO2
3. COH4
1. What is the difference between a cation and anion?
Make these stable compounds.
2. CO2
3. COH4
Characteristics of WaterCharacteristics of Water Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Adhesion Attraction between 2
molecules of different substances
This is also known as capillary action
Cohesion Attraction between
molecules of the same substance
Adhesion Attraction between 2
molecules of different substances
This is also known as capillary action
Dissolving PropertiesDissolving Properties Water is slightly charged = POLAR
This allows it to dissolve other substances
Universal Solvent
Water is slightly charged = POLAR This allows it to dissolve other
substances Universal Solvent
Other Characteristics of Water
Other Characteristics of Water
Less Dense as a solid than a liquid High specific heat High heat of vaporization
Less Dense as a solid than a liquid High specific heat High heat of vaporization
Do NowDo Now1. A cell is shown under high power below.
What is the length of the cell?1. 100 um2. 500 um3. 1000 um4. 2000 um
1. A cell is shown under high power below. What is the length of the cell?
1. 100 um2. 500 um3. 1000 um4. 2000 um
2mm
Cell
AcidAcid A compound that will give off
hydrogen ions(H+) when put in water
Has a H in its chemical formula Ex: HCl H2SO4
A compound that will give off hydrogen ions(H+) when put in water
Has a H in its chemical formula Ex: HCl H2SO4
BaseBase
A compound that will give off hydroxide ions (OH-) when put in water
Has OH in the chemical formula Ex: NaOH
A compound that will give off hydroxide ions (OH-) when put in water
Has OH in the chemical formula Ex: NaOH
pHpH A way to tell if a substance is an
acid or a base Range is 1-14 concentration of hydrogen ions = 1
x 10-x moles/liter A change from pH 5 to pH 6 = A decrease 10x Logarithmic measurement
A way to tell if a substance is an acid or a base
Range is 1-14 concentration of hydrogen ions = 1
x 10-x moles/liter A change from pH 5 to pH 6 = A decrease 10x Logarithmic measurement
Do NowDo NowHow much weaker is the
acid if it goes from a pH of 2.5 to a pH of 3.5?
How much stronger is the base if it goes from a pH of 6 to a pH of 8?
How much weaker is the acid if it goes from a pH of 2.5 to a pH of 3.5?
How much stronger is the base if it goes from a pH of 6 to a pH of 8?
The pH ScaleThe pH Scale
Acids have a pH between and . A strong acid would have a pH of . A weak acid would have a pH of .
Bases have a pH between and . A strong base would have a pH of . A weak base would have a pH of .
Acids have a pH between and . A strong acid would have a pH of . A weak acid would have a pH of .
Bases have a pH between and . A strong base would have a pH of . A weak base would have a pH of .
1 6
16
8 14148
IndicatorsIndicators
Phenolphthalein Changes to pink in presence of
Bromothymol Blue Changes to yellow in the presence of
Universal Indicator Changes to a different color for each
pH
Phenolphthalein Changes to pink in presence of
Bromothymol Blue Changes to yellow in the presence of
Universal Indicator Changes to a different color for each
pH
Bases
Acids
PhenolphthaleinPhenolphthalein
Bromothymol BlueBromothymol Blue
Universal IndicatorUniversal Indicator
BuffersBuffers
http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/buffer12.swf
http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/chemistry/essentialchemistry/flash/buffer12.swf
Buffers: substances that resist changes in pH by accepting and donating H+ ions
Example:
1. A buffer solution of carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) is present in the human blood stream to maintain a pH between 7.35 and 7.45
Do NowDo Now Copy this chart on the back of your pH
lab Copy this chart on the back of your pH
labSolution
Do you think it will be an
acid or a base?
Phen BTB UI pH
Tap Water
Bleach
Milk
Fish Water
Milk of Magnesia
Ammonia
pH Indicator TestspH Indicator Tests
http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/ks3/science/acids/
http://www.bgfl.org/bgfl/custom/resources_ftp/client_ftp/ks3/science/acids/
Grab a bingo sheet and fill in all the boxes any way you
wish
Grab a bingo sheet and fill in all the boxes any way you
wish1. Acid2. Adhesion3. Amino Acids4. Base5. Buffer6. Carbohydrate7. Catalyst8. Cohesion9. Denaturation10.Dehydration Synthesis11.Dependent Variable12.Enzymes
1. Acid2. Adhesion3. Amino Acids4. Base5. Buffer6. Carbohydrate7. Catalyst8. Cohesion9. Denaturation10.Dehydration Synthesis11.Dependent Variable12.Enzymes
13.13. HomeostasisHomeostasis14.14. Hydrogen BondHydrogen Bond15.15. HydrolysisHydrolysis16.16. Independent VariableIndependent Variable17.17. InorganicInorganic18.18. LipidsLipids19.19. MetabolismMetabolism20.20. OrganicOrganic21.21. PolypeptidePolypeptide22.22. ProteinsProteins23.23. SaccharrideSaccharride24.24. SubstrateSubstrate