law enforcement agencies - new providence school district€¦ · state police agencies. growing...

bullSocial Contract Rules set by society must be enforced to be valid

bullAmerican law enforcement has English rootsbullPosses Organized groups of citizens that enforce the

Social Contract (laws) were commonbullShire Reeve leader of the Shire (county) became the

law enforcer our SHERIFF

THE WILD WEST Federal MARSHALS patrolled the territories Charles Lynch formed posses to find and punish criminals (Lynch Mobs)VIGILANTES Independent law enforcers who operated in the absence of any formal law enforcersToday VIGILANTES have the reputation of taking the law into their own hands even with formal law enforcers available

The most famous vigilante Bernie Goetz the ldquoSubway Vigilanterdquo 1984 NYC Subway

Guardian Angels Citizens organized in NYC to protect the subways (Red berets and jackets)The program spread throughout the country

Minutemen Citizens that patrol our border with Mexico to stop illegal immigration

Arizona Minutemen serve as border vigilanteshttpwwwyoutubecomwatchv=NkXjMvU

y5akampfeature=fvwVideo Vigilantes Citizens that videotape criminal activity to turn over to the policeSuperheroes Seriouslyhellip

542015 5

Majority of US law enforcement are under local or state controlWe do not have a National Police Department like Italy Greece Finland Sweden and IsraelAmericans have typically been fearful of too much federal law enforcement

Local Policing

First municipal police force Boston (1838)The term ldquoCoprdquo means ldquoto capturerdquo Those who captured bad guys were called ldquoCoppersrdquo

542015 7

02000400060008000

100001200014000

Numberof

Agencies

Local PoliceSheriffState PoliceSpecial Police

LOCAL POLICE ARE OUR DOMINATE ENFORCEMENT

AGENCIES

LOCAL POLICE

Early municipal police forces were plagued by corruption

Police were political appointeesgot their jobs from political bosses (PATRONAGE)

Irish cops in NYC = votes for jobsToday police are mostly CIVIL SERVANTS hired by competitive exam

POLICE CORRUPTION

Police Officers were not well paid amp were frequently bribed

Prohibition Cops paid off to ignore ldquoSpeakeasiesrdquo

ldquoThe Third Degreerdquo Police brutally beat suspects to get confessions The Wickersham Report (1920rsquos) National report about POLICE corruption and poor training

Ushered in a new era of police professionalism

IAD Internal Affairs Division ndash Most police departments create an entire division dedicated to assuring proper behaviorCOMMUNITY BOARDS In larger cities community boards are formed to monitor police behaviorTECHNOLOGY Dashboard and Station house cameras guard against any suspect getting the ldquothird degreerdquo

Municipal Police DepartmentsbullMost police departments (almost 90) in the US employ fewer than 50 sworn officersbullCrime makes up only 20 of police activity bull Nuisance calls traffic community relations 80

PatrolPatrol is called the backbone of a PD It is the most time-consuming and resource-intensive task officers undertake

A police officer ldquowalking the beatrdquo

Patrol 60 of police work24 hours a day 365 days year

Most police officers are PATROLMENPatrol duties includebull Responding to all emergencies

Medical Fire Criminal

bull Trying to resolve domestic disputes

bull Patrolling the community looking for crime

Foot Patrol Walking the ldquoBEATrdquo

The practice of having officers patrol their beats (territories) on foot has regained popularity recentlyEffective

1Not been proven to be a significant deterrent to crime

2 has significantly improved relationships between citizens and officers

New York City Police Department is the largest municipal dept in the country36000 Police Officers

Police cars 8839Police boats 11Helicopters 8Horses120Dogs 31 German Shepherds

3 Bloodhounds

SERT Special Emergency Response Team SWAT team NPPDK-9 Working with Police dogsMounted Police Traffic Radar Laser DWI NPPDStolen Car task force NPPDDARE NPPDBike Patrol

The average officer1Two arrests a month2 less than one felony arrest every two months

Investigation The Detective Bureau

After patrolmen respond to a crime call detectives take over and investigateA promotion for a patrolman is to move the rank of DETECTIVE ADVANTAGESbull Plainclothes They do not have to wear uniformsbull Anonymity during work hoursbull Traditional work hours (9-5)bull They have offices and desksbull Prestige The rank of detective usually brings a pay

raise and other benefits

bullStudies estimate that half of all detectives could be replaced without affecting clearance rates

bullResearch shows that most cases are solved because the suspect was positively identified at the scene of the crime

bullResearch shows that as time elapses so does the chance of arrest

How effective are detectives

The Police Sub-CulturebullPolice officers constitute a subculturebullPolice officers call police work being ldquoon the jobrdquobullPolice officers work shifts and often socialize with one anotherbullThe police sub-culture is sometimes called the ldquoBlue Wall of Silencerdquo because it is built upon loyalty and fidelity to other police officers

The Police Sub-CulturePolice extend professional courtesy to other law enforcement agentsbullThe use of UNION CARD (ie PBA CARDS) for friends family of a police officerbullRecognition of other law enforcement agents while conducting traffic stopsbullStrong support for families of slain officers

Police work is in the top 10 in the US as far as stressPolice have higher rates of divorce suicide than most professionsPolice officers have higher heart attack rates than the average citizenPolice officers have a high incidence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder because of experiences on the job

State Police AgenciesGrowing populations as well as the inability of some local sheriffs to control crime led most states to create their own state-wide law enforcement agencies

bull Texas officially created the Rangers in 1835bull Pennsylvania established the first modern

state law enforcement agency in 1905bull By the 1930s almost every state had some

form of state law enforcement agency

542015 25

49 States have a state police departmentHawaii does not 77000 full time employees68 are sworn personnel (actual police officers troopers)

State Law Enforcement TODAY

State Law EnforcementTwo types of State-wide police forces have

evolved

State police model Highway patrol modelExample Texas

Rangers NJSP

Focus Statewide law enforcement

Example California Highway PatrolFocus Highway safety

NEW JERSEY STATE POLICEARE A PARAMILITARY ORGANIZATION

httpwwwstatetroopersdirectorycomMenu

GENERAL POLICE SERVICES In certain small towns the NJSP are the only local police

GENERAL HIGHWAY AND TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENTpatrol of all state highways the investigation of accidents and incidents on those highways

STATEWIDE INVESTIGATION AND INTELLIGENCE SERVICES

EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT which occur beyond the capacity of municipalities and counties to effectively respond

MAINTENANCE OF CRIMINAL RECORDS AND IDENTIFICATION

The actions of a police officer who shootsand kills a suspect who is either fleeingfrom arrest assaulting a victim orattacking the officerPolice prefer to use non-lethal forceTaserExpandable Steel BatonPepper SprayNew Technology still in the testingphase

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THE WILD WEST Federal MARSHALS patrolled the territories Charles Lynch formed posses to find and punish criminals (Lynch Mobs)VIGILANTES Independent law enforcers who operated in the absence of any formal law enforcersToday VIGILANTES have the reputation of taking the law into their own hands even with formal law enforcers available

The most famous vigilante Bernie Goetz the ldquoSubway Vigilanterdquo 1984 NYC Subway





542015 5


Local Policing


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02000400060008000

100001200014000

Numberof

Agencies



AGENCIES

LOCAL POLICE




POLICE CORRUPTION




















3 Bloodhounds

















542015 25




evolved


Rangers NJSP











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542015 5


Local Policing


542015 7

02000400060008000

100001200014000

Numberof

Agencies



AGENCIES

LOCAL POLICE




POLICE CORRUPTION




















3 Bloodhounds

















542015 25




evolved


Rangers NJSP











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542015 7

02000400060008000

100001200014000

Numberof

Agencies



AGENCIES

LOCAL POLICE




POLICE CORRUPTION




















3 Bloodhounds

















542015 25




evolved


Rangers NJSP











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POLICE CORRUPTION




















3 Bloodhounds

















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evolved


Rangers NJSP











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3 Bloodhounds

















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evolved


Rangers NJSP











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evolved


Rangers NJSP











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evolved


Rangers NJSP











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law enforcement agencies - new providence school district€¦ · state police agencies. growing...

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