lecture 3: interactions · 4-2 what shapes an ecosystem? slide 15 of 39 copyright pearson prentice...
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Lecture 3: Interactions
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Biotic factors = biological influences on organisms within an ecosystem
What are some biotic factors?
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Abiotic factors = Physical/nonliving, factors that shape ecosystems
What are some abiotic factors?
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Biotic and Abiotic Factors
How do biotic and abiotic factors influence an ecosystem?
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Biotic and abiotic factors determine the:
• survival and growth • productivity of the ecosystem
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Habitat = The area where an organism lives
• includes both biotic and abiotic factors
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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The Niche
The Niche
Niche = How an organism lives in its habitat
Including:
• Temperature range • Place in the food web
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Community Interactions
What interactions occur within communities?
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Community Interactions
1. Competition
When organisms attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time.
What is an ecological resource?
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Community Interactions
Are the warblers competing?
Yellow-Rumped Warbler
Bay-Breasted Warbler Fe
edin
g he
ight
(m)
0
6
12
18
Cape May Warbler
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Community Interactions
2. Predation
-one organism captures and feeds on another organism.
• Predator = The organism that does the killing and eating • Prey = food organism
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Community Interactions
3. Symbiosis
-relationship where two species live closely together
There are 3 types
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Community Interactions
a. Mutualism: both species benefit from the relationship.
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Community Interactions
b. Commensalism: one member of the association benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
4-2 What Shapes an Ecosystem?
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Community Interactions
c. Parasitism: one organism lives on or inside another organism and harms it.