lecture guide 4thqtr study of asia

8/10/2019 Lecture Guide 4thqtr study of asia

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O.B. Montessori Center, Inc.

HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

School Year 2012-2013

FOURTH QUARTER LECTURE GUIDE

SOCIAL STUDIES II A STUDY OF ASIA

PLACE AND ENVIRONMENT / GEOGRAPHY

Map of Southeast Asia:


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Page 2 Social Studies II

4THQuarter Lecture Notes

S.Y. 2012-2013

Countries C!it"O##i$i"

Ln%u%eMin Re"i%ion

For& o#

Go'ern&ent

Min"n( Sout)est Asi * known as southern lands by the Chinese

1. M!an"ar #Bur"aYan$oon %

&an$oonBur"ese Bu''hist Militar!

2. Ca"(o'ia )hno" )enh *h"er +heraa'a

Bu''his"

Constitutional

Monarch!

3. aos ientiane ao Bu''hist Co""unist State

/. +hailan' Ban$o +hai+heraa'a

Bu''his"

Constitutional

Monarch!

. ietna" anoi ietna"eseMaha!anaBu''his"

Socialist&epu(lic

Is"n( Sout)est Asi

Countries C!it"O##i$i"

Ln%u%eMin Re"i%ion

For& o#

Go'ern&ent

1. Mala!sia *uala u"pur Bahasa Mala!sia Isla"

e'eral

ConstitutionalMonarch!

2. BruneiBan'ar SeriBe$a4an

Mala! Isla"ConstitutionalSultanate

3. Sin$apore Sin$apore Chinese ol &eli$ions 5nitar! &epu(lic

/. In'onesia 6aartaBahasaIn'onesia

Isla" &epu(lic

. )hilippines Manila ilipino &o"an Catholic &epu(lic

7. 8ast +i"or 9ili+etu" an'

)ortu$uese&o"an Catholic

)arlia"entar!

9e"ocrac!

T)e S)!e o# t)e Ln(

#lo(al Mosaic, 2/; < 27=

O+,e$ti'e: Geograp! as co"tri#uted to te i$$e"se cultural di%ersit! o& Souteast 'sia.

P"$e n( en'iron&ent-

Mainlan' Southeast Asia: M!an"ar #Bur"a, Ca"(o'ia, aos, +hailan', ietna"

Islan' Southeast Asia: Mala!sia, Brunei, Sin$apore, In'onesia, )hilippines, 8ast +i"or

Archipela$os or chains of islan's across thousan's of "iles of ocean an' locate' in the &in$ ofire, a line of olcano aroun' the )acific Ocean.


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S.Y. 2012-2013

To!o%r!).

Southeast Asia has a lan' area of al"ost 2.>3 "illion s?uare ilo"eters.

Insular portion of Southeast Asia: )hilippines, Mala!sia, In'onesia, Brunei an' Sin$apore 1.

GRO2ING NATIONALISM

1;00s, Eationalist "oe"ents too root throu$hout S8A.

1;0, nationalist hopes sur$e' (ecause 6apan (eat &ussia in the &usso-6apanese ar.

1;30s, ho4eer, 6apan con?uere' "uch of China an' threatene' S8A@ (! II, 6apan

oerran "ost of S8A fro" In'ochina to the )hilippines. At first, S8A nationalists 4elco"e' the 6apanese (ut 6apanese torture' an' ille' those 4ho

oppose their presence. Eationalist 4ho oppose' 8uropeans no4 oppose' the 6apanese.

Allies supporte' re(els a$ainst the 6apanese an' (! 1;/, "an! S8A 4ere 4ell-ar"e'

$uerilla fi$hters.

THE ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE

After the 'efeat of 6apan, 8uropean po4ers planne' to return to S8A.

Pe$e#u" trnsitions

6ul! /, 1;/7, the 5S $ae the )hilippines its in'epen'ence.

After the 4ar, British 4ent (ac to Bur"a

Aun% Sn, Bur"as "ain political part! lea'er calle' for i""e'iate in'epen'ence@ Bur"a

4on its in'epen'ence in 1;/=.

Con#"i$t in M".

1;>, Mala!a $aine' in'epen'ence fro" Britain.

Beca"e M".siin 1;73 4hen it Doine' Sin$apore, Sa(ah an' Sara4a.


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S.Y. 2012-2013

Mala!sia face' ethnic pro(le"s: Mala!s #0K population "ostl! far"ers an' fisher"en@

Chinese an' In'ians 'o"inate' (usinesses an' profession L ethnic unrest.

In(onesi n( In(o$)in

After II, 9utch returne' to fin' Su0rnoha' 'eclare' In'onesias in'epen'ence@ an'

the 9utch $ae up In'onesia ecept est Irian, 4estern half of Ee4 uinea. But in 1;/;, Suarno (eca"e )resi'ent an' re$aine' est Irian.

rench sou$ht to re$ain colonies in In'ochina an' $rante' li"ite' in'epen'ence to aos.

CHALLENGES FOR THE NE2 NATIONS

Ee4 nations face' challen$es@ the! ha' little eperience 4ith self-$oernance an' lea'ers

ha' to unif! 'ierse $roups for a co""on $oal. Man! face' seere econo"ic pro(le"s.

ur& +e$o&e M.n&r

Bur"a ha' trou(le unif!in$ 4ith ethnic $roups #*aren an' Sha fi$htin$.

)ro(le" of 'eelopin$ econo"! < Bur"a ntion"ithparallel te"poraril!.

N%o Din) Die&rule' South ietna"@ non-co""unist.


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S.Y. 2012-2013

Suppose' election to unif! ietna" (ut people "erel! "oe' to the area 4here the! feel

politicall! co"forta(le. Eorth ietna": o li"ite' press an' 4on peasant (! $iin$ the" lan'.

South ietna": fi$htin$ of arious $roups@ co""unists in the South, calle' iet Con$, 4ere

an un'er$roun' "oe"ent.

9ie" lost popularit! an' 4as assassinate' in 1;73.

A&eri$n In'o"'e&ent

5S too a "ore actie role, sen'in$ "ilitar! a'isers to South ietna" (ecause of the

increasin$ nu"(er of iet Con$s. Eorth ietna" sent troops ia aos an' Ca"(o'ia 4hich are calle' Ho Chi Minh +rail.

Gu"# o# Ton0in Reso"ution

1;7/, t4o 5S patrol ships clai"e' to hae (een attace' (! Eorth ietna"ese at the ulf of

+onin. ulf of +onin &esolution < $ae )resi'ent !n'on 6ohnson po4er to tae all necessar!

steps inclu'in$ the use of force to help South ietna". 6ohnson sent co"(at forces to South ietna" (ut faile'@ Soiet 5nion an' China supporte'

iet Con$s (! $iin$ ar"s.

2r S!re(s

A"erican forces sprea' to aos an' Ca"(o'ia (ecause 5S (o"(e' the o Chi Minh +rail.

Bo"(in$ of aos increase' support for the co""unist aotians, the )athet ao.

Bo"(in$ of (ases in Ca"(o'ia increase' support for the local co""unist $uerillas, the

*h"er &ou$e.

A S"o3 return to Pe$e: 1;>0 < ietna" is in 4ar for 30 !ears.

En( o# A&eri$n In'o"'e&ent

ietna" 4ar spare' protests an' anti4ar 'e"onstrations in the 5S.

Eion in 1;7;, starte' to 4ith'ra4 A"erican forces.

Vietn& Reunite(

1;> < Si%on, the capital of South ietna", 4as surroun'e' an' the $oern"ent

surren'ere'.

Sai$on 4as rena"e' o Chi Minh Cit!.

Co""unists too oer priate (usinesses an' far"lan's.

Years of 4ar left ietna"s econo"! in sha"(les.

oern"ent control an' (an (! the 5S fro" tra'in$ ept forei$ners fro" inestin$.

1;;/, 5S lifte' the tra'e (an an' in the "i'-1;;0s, econo"! sur$e'.

E##e$ts o# t)e 2r

i$htin$ ille' "illions of people an' 'estro!e' infrastructures.

5S use' che"icals "ain$ the soil unusa(le.

ot Peo!"e- refu$ees 4ho use' (oast to escape political an' econo"ic con'itions.

C)!ter =>- C)n%in% Asi

Unit ?- Con#"i$ts Disru!t Sout)est Asi in orl' istor! (! )err! pp. >>1 < >>>.

An$ient 1in%(o&s +e$o&e $o"oni" !ossessions

*h"er an' +hai peoples 'eelope' as earl! as 7thto 10thA9.

asco 'e a"a foun' a 4a! aroun' Africa to S8A "ain$ 8uropean rials for colonies.

Sia" si$ne' tra'e treaties 4ith 8n$lan' an' rance to aoi' (ein$ coloniGe'.

1=73, Eapoleon IIIs troops "a'e Ca"(o'ia a rench protectorate.

Britain (ou$ht Sin$apore@ Bur"a un'er British also an' )hilippines un'er A"erica.


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S.Y. 2012-2013

T)e Unite( Sttes sen(s troo!s

S8A+O #Southeast Asian +reat! Or$aniGation 4as set up (! the 5S to ple'$e ai' a$ainst

a$$ression in the re$ion.

5S a''e' a'isers to South ietna".

T)e Co&&unists "un$) &,or o##ensi'e +et Offensie: 6anuar! 1;7= ietcon$s an' iet"inhs attace' cities in the South.

5S starte' to ?uestion 4hether the 4ar in ietna" can (e 4on.

Unite( Sttes #or$es s"o3". "e'e Vietn&

)eace tals (e$an in )aris in 1;7=.

Eion of the 5S 4ith're4 forces in 1;7;.

1;>3, all 5S troops left ietna".

Nort) Vietn& t0es $ontro"

ar continue' for t4o "ore !ears (ut 4ithout 5S support, Sai$on 4as capture' an' 4as

later rena"e' as o Chi Minh Cit!. South ietna" 4as Hre-e'ucate' into the co""unist para'i$" an' non-co""unists left

ietna" ia the H(oat people.

C&+o(i +e$o&es t)e Co&&unist ntion o# 1&!u$)e

Ca"(o'ia, in'epen'ent since 1;3, un'er the lea'ership of Eoro'o" Sihanou.

5S (o"(e' air (ases of the iet Minhs in Ca"(o'ia an' the 5S supporte' Lon No", a stron$

anti-co""unist. *h"er &ou$e < co""unist $roup in Ca"(o'ia oerthre4 on Eol un'er Po" Potan'

rena"e' it *a"puchea.

)ol )ots rei$n 4as one of the "ost (rutal in the 20 thcentur!@ people 4ere in'octrinate' at

the han's of fanatic reolutionaries. Mass eecutions 4ere co""on.

Aroun' a "illion 'ie' an' "illions "ore 'ie' 'ue to staration.

Vietn& in'(es 1&!u$)e

)ol )ot 'i' not $o 4ell 4ith ietna" an' so ietna"ese troops ina'e' *a"puchea.

1;>;, )ol )ot 4as oerthro4n an' replace' (! Hen% S&rin.

Ciil 4ar follo4e' an' ietna"ese Co""unists fou$ht a$ainst (acers of )ol )ot, )rince

Sihanou an' Son Snn.

Co&&unists t0e $ontro" in Los aos (eca"e in'epen'ent in 1;/ (ut ciil 4ar a"on$ pro-estern forces, neutralists an'

the Pt)et Lo#co""unists. Souanna )hou"a, neutralists lea'er in the earl! 1;70s, (ut 'i' not en' the fi$htin$.

)athet ao too oer the countr! in 1;> an' ietna"ese co""unists helpe' epel anti-

co""unists. ell to 'o classes left aos an' "illions of people fle' (ecause of poor econo"ic con'itions

an' lac of in'ii'ual free'o".

T)i"n( tries to &intin !e$e 3it) its nei%)+ors

)ro-estern in outloo an' allo4e' 5S troops to set up (ases 4ithin its territor!.

+hailan' 4as surroun'e' (! Co""unist countries (ut the! esta(lishe' $oo' relations 4ith

aos an' Ca"(o'ia an' sou$ht to protect itself fro" nei$h(orin$ countries "e''lin$ in itsinternal affairs.

ietna"s inasion of *a"puchea inun'ate' +hailan' 4ith refu$ees there(! (ein$ accuse'

(! the ietna"ese of helpin$ its )ol )ot an' *h"er &ou$e. +hailan' helpe' anti-co""unist re(els in *a"puchea.


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S.Y. 2012-2013

Dis"o$tion $ontinues in Sout)est Asi

Man! fle' their ho"es in aos, *a"puchea an' ietna".

)ro(a(l! 1. "illion people fle' their ho"es in (oats either to (e rescue' or to 'ie at sea.

THE STRUGGLE OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN LIERATION MOVEMENTS

Asin Histor. n( Ci'i"i


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Page 1+ Social Studies II


S.Y. 2012-2013

Eationalis" pro"pte' the British to proi'e (etter serices to the Bur"ese.

Stu'ents on the 5niersit! of &an$oon proteste' to hae autono"! in 9ec. 1, 1;20.

Sa!a San, for"er pon$!i #"on an' CBA "e"(er, le' a "assacre of $oern"ent officials

'e"an'in$ a return to the "onarch!@ he 4as arreste', trie' an' eecute' (! the British

Po"iti$" Prties in ur& 1. +hain #Master )art! < fro" 9oh(a"a Asia!one #e Bur"ans Association is a is

protest of stu'ent fro" the 5niersit! of &an$oon@ Hthain is use' to e"phasiGe the! 4ere

e?ual to British. 2. Sin!etha #)oor Mens )art! < Ba Ma4, Sa!a Sans la4!er, foun'e' the part! an' allie'

4ith the +hain )art!. 3. M!ochit #)atriotic )art! < lea'er: 5 Sa4, 4as appointe' as )ri"e Minister an' sou$ht

lan' refor" an' others an' ase' Britain to $rant 9o"inion Status to Bur"a (ut 4as arreste'

for treason. +hains helpe' the 6apanese 'urin$ I (ut 4as "altreate' after4ar's an' so after II,

Bur"a 4on its in'epen'ence.

Aun$ San foun'e' the Anti-ascists )eoples ree'o" ea$ue #A) 4hich sou$ht to asBur"as in'epen'ence.

8lections in April 1;/>, A) 4on "aDorit! seats in the constitutional asse"(l! an' 5 Eu

4as ase' to hea' the $oern"ent. 5 Eu, 6a4aharlala Eehru of In'ia, Suarno of In'onesia an' )res. 6osip BroG +ito of

Yu$oslaia esta(lishe' the Non*A"i%ne( Mo'e&entthat refuse' alliance 4ith the 5S or the5SS&.

VIETNAM

ietna" resiste' forei$n influences an' 4ere in conflict 4ith ietna" "onarch! until rance

ina'e' it in 1==3 un'er the pretense that their "issionaries 4ere arreste' an' sent to prison. ietna"ese nationalist lea'ers: 9e +ha" < H+i$er of Yen +re@ peasants also supporte' the

Coun$ 9e #Man'arin scholar class

Coun$ 9e 'ii'e' into three: 1 unite 4ith rench@ 2 'isappear an' 3 en$a$e rance in

co"(at ia cuuc ?uoc #ethnic salation to (rin$ (ac "onarch! in ietna". )han Boi Chau an' )han +hau +rinh rallie' the people that restoration of "onarch! 4as not

enou$h (ut to 'e"ocratiGe ietna". Eationalists foun'e' the iet Ea" Juoc 9an 9an$ #EJ99: principle patterne' after

*uo"intan$ < nationalis", 'e"ocrac! an' peoples lielihoo'.

Ho C)i Min)

N%u.en A" Quo$a..a. o Chi Minh (eliee' in Maris" as influence' (! the Octo(er&ussian &eolution.

Born in a Man'arin fa"il!, 4ore' as coo an' ca(in (o! in a "erchant ship an' as a

pa"phleteer in rance 'istri(utin$ leftist 4ritin$s.

ent to ersailles Conference asin$ for ietna"s in'epen'ence.

e foun'e' the Trn) Nienor Vietn&ese Re'o"utionr. Le%uein 1;2 an' (! 1;30, he

ha' 1,00 part! "e"(ers an' 100,000 allie' peasants or$aniGations.

EJ99 4as encoura$e' to fi$ht a$ainst rench (ut EJ99 4as easil! crushe'.

Co""unists foun'e' the Viet Min)or the lea$ue for ietna"s In'epen'ence in 1;/1.


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S.Y. 2012-2013

INDONESIA

9utch 8ast In'ia Co"pan! controlle' In'onesias tra'e an' "aDor ports (ecause of spices,

coffee an' in'i$o.

9utch harsh policies an' eploitation le' nationalists to li(erate the countr!.

;' 2rs(! 6aanese Prin$e Di!one%orotoo place fro" 1=2 to 1;30.

u(i Oto&o Hi%) En(e'or< first nationalist or$aniGation esta(lishe' in 1;0=@ "ainl! acultural rather than political or$aniGation.

Sre0t Is"& @Is"&i$ Union aka SIB< first anti-9utch nationalist "oe"ent "ainl! fro"

(ati "erchants.

SI sou$ht to i"proe peoples lies an' consi'ere' capitalis" Heil an' e"(o'ie' the

gotong rohongor In'onesian $roup spirit. 9utch 4ere initiall! conciliator! to SI an' esta(lishe' Vo"0sr(#)eoples Council to offer

a'ice to the 9utch $oern"ent (ut later (eca"e t!rannical after seeral co""unist

insurrections. S"all $roups insi'e SI@ one of 4hich is the In(ies So$i" De&o$rti$ A$tion @ISDAB(!

enri Sneeliet, a 9utch co""unist, also inclu'es Se"aun an' +an Malaa.

Se"aun (roe fro" SI an' foun'e' Prti 1o&unis In(onesi @Co&&unist Prt. o#

In(onesiBan' (eca"e a stron$ an' influential political or$aniGation. 9utch easil! oerpo4ere' these uprisin$s.

Su0rno

8n$ineer an' stu'ent lea'er at the Ban$un$ +echnical 5niersit!.

oun'e' In(onesin Ntion"ist Prt. @Prti Nsion" In(onesi: or PNIBto$ether 4ith

9Dipto *usu"e!. Sou$ht to unite all nationalist "oe"ents un'er one u"(rella or$aniGarion.

&efor"s for Bahasa In'onesia as lan$ua$e an' In'onesia &a!a as national anthe".

)EI lace' support an' the $oern"ent arreste' Suarno. Moha""e' atta, Sultan SDahir an' Suarno set up )artai In'onesia (ut the! 4ere soon

eile'. Eationalist "oe"ents 'i' not succee' (ecause of lac of support fro" "asses.

In'onesian nationalis" (eca"e prealent onl! after 1;/2 4hen the 6apanese occupie'

In'onesia an' allo4e' lea'ers lie Suarno to co"e (ac.

6apanese or'er Suarno to hea' the Center o# Peo!"es Po3er4hich $ae hi" the chance to

influence "asses. 6apanese ha' este' interests in 6apans resources an' In'onesians (eca"e "ore a$itate'

oer 6apans harsh treat"ent of the In'onesians. Au$. 1>, 1;/ 4hen the Allie' forces 4on, Suarno an' atta 'eclare' an in'epen'ent

&epu(lic of In'onesia (ut the 9utch 'i' not reco$niGe this. 1;/;, 9utch $ae In'onesia its soerei$nt! ecept est Irian #no4 Irian 6a!a.

SOCIAL ORGANI7ATION / GOVERNMENT

Countr. For& o# Go'ern&ent

1. M!an"ar #Bur"a Militar!

2. Ca"(o'ia Constitutional Monarch!

3. aos Co""unist State

/. +hailan' Constitutional Monarch!. ietna" Socialist &epu(lic

7. Mala!sia e'eral Constitutional Monarch!

>. Brunei Constitutional Sultanate

=. Sin$apore 5nitar! &epu(lic

;. In'onesia &epu(lic

10. )hilippines &epu(lic


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T)e Green Re'o"ution

+his inoles the use of ne4 see's, fertiliGers, pestici'es, an' irri$ation to increase harests.

)hilippines < 'eelope' a ne4 in' of hi$h-!iel' rice see'.

Most far"ers use' this ne4 see' (ut the! nee'e' to (orro4 "one! to (u! pestici'e an'

fertiliGers (ut the! earne' enou$h to repa! 'e(ts.

Un#oreseen E##e$ts

reen reolution helpe' foo' pro'uction (ut it has upset tra'itional patterns of rural life.

ar"ers are no4 rel!in$ heail! on tractors an' pai' la(orers.

Issue also of risin$ cost of fertiliGer an' if the! cannot repa! 'e(ts, the! sell their lan's.

Co""ercial fertiliGers an' pestici'es also 'a"a$e the eniron"ent.

Ur+ni, 4ere to accelerate

econo"ic $ro4th an' pro"ote re$ional peace an' sta(ilit!.

9urin$ the late 1;=0s an' earl! 1;;0s, AS8AE pla!e' an i"portant role in "e'iatin$ theciil 4ar in Ca"(o'ia. In 6anuar! 1;;2 AS8AE "e"(ers a$ree' to esta(lish a free-tra'earea an' to cut tariffs on nona$ricultural $oo's oer a 1-!ear perio' (e$innin$ in 1;;3.

o4eer, 'ifferent re$ulations an' tariffs a"on$ "e"(er countries hae "a'e that tas

'ifficult. 8en so, AS8AE hope' to achiee econo"ic inte$ration (! 201.

lecture guide 4thqtr study of asia

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