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A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools

November 2014 CRITERIONPLANNERS

C RRI

ETNOI



A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools

De nition

The World of Rating Tools

Tool Families

Family Heritage

Primary Topics

Providers

Launch Timeline

Tool Dimensions

Continuum of Use Cases

User Orientation of Select North American Tools

Tools Survey

International Standards

Bibliography

1

2

3

4

5

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7

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20

21

Contents



A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools 1

urban sustainability rating tool

The built environment beyondindividual buildings, fromneighborhood increments

up to entire cities, and theirprincipal components.

Delivering wholistic orincremental well-being within

the biosphere’s capacity tosustain it for generations.

An assessment that includes aquantitative element.

A stand-alone procedureo ered publicly to national orinternational markets, now or

by 2015.

Defnition



2 A Global Survey of Urban Sustainability Rating Tools

GRI Const & Real Estate

International

Aqua for Neighborhoods

Brazil

Green Star Communities

South Africa

Pearl Community for Estidama

United Arab Emirates

Green Townships

India

GSAS for Parks

GSAS for Districts

Qatar

GSAS for Railways

IS Rating Tool

Green Star Communities

Australia

Neighborhood Sustainability Framework

New Zealand

MOHURD Eco-Garden City

MEP Eco-City

China

BERDE for Clustered Development

Philippines

GBI Townships

Malaysia

CASBEE for Heat Islands

CASBEE for Cities

CASBEE for Urban Area + Bldgs

Japan

CASBEE for Urban Development

Green Mark for Infrastructure

Green Mark for Districts

Green Mark for Parks

Singapore

EnviroDevelopment

NDRC Low-Carbon City

BEAM Plus Neighborhood Dev. (HK)

HQE for Urban Planning & Dev

France

BREEAM Communities

Austria, The Netherlands, Norway,Spain, Sweden

CEEQUAL

BREEAM Communities

One Planet Communities

United Kingdom

C it ie s P la nn ed N ei gh bo rh oo ds E xi st in g N ei gh bo rh oo ds A ll N ei gh bo rh oo ds

Transportation & InfrastructureLandscapes & Parks Special Purposes

Tool Families

BREEAM Communities

Germany

DGNB for Business Districts

DGNB for Industrial Locations

DGNB for Urban Districts

LEED for Neighborhood Dev

Canada

2030 Districts

TOD Standard

Greenroads

INVEST

Living Community Challenge

Livability Index

SITES

Local Energy Scoring Tool

STARS - AASHED

Envision

BRT Standard

WalkScore

Density-VMT Calculator

H+T Affordability Index

2

Cooperative Sanctuary

Coastal Resilience Index

Comp Plans for Sustaining Places

Enterprise Communities

Green Land Development

STAR Community

Climate Positive Development

Sustainable Communities

LEED for Neighborhood Dev

Signature

TBL Tool

United States

SEED

PEER

BE ST in Highways

The World of Rating Tools

22 countries and 59 tools




0 5 10 15 20 25

Special Purposes

Transportation & Infrastructure

Landscapes & Parks

All Neighborhoods

Existing Neighborhoods

Planned Neighborhoods

Cities

Tools

Tool Families

Based on geographic scale and topical focus




UrbanSustainabilityRating Tools

Family Heritage

GreenBuildingRating

Systems

UrbanIndicators

SustainabilityAppraisal




Frequency of rating category titles in 59 surveyed tools.

Primary Topics




Providers

Government Agencies 24%

Green Building Organizations 26%

Educational Institutions 4%

Housing/Environmental Groups 12%

Urban Planning Groups 10%

Organizations Dedicatedto Specific Tools

16%

Civil Engineering Groups 8%




2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

CEEQUAL

China EcoCity

China EcoGarden

Enterprise

Green Neigh.

CASBEE

EnviroDev

LEED-ND WalkScore BREEAM

China LC

EcoDist.

GSAS

AASHE STARS

Envision

Green Twnshp

Greenroads

H+THQE

N.Z. NSF

Pearl

SITES

DGNB

GBI Twnshp

2030 Dist

BRT Std

GLD

GreenStar

STAR Comm

Aqua

BERDE

GRI-G4

TOD Std

APA-CPSP

LCC

AARP L.I.

Launch Timeline

Also: Cooperative Sanctuary, 1991; Signature, 199 3




Tool Dimensions

Scope & Scale• Topical scope• Physical scale• Minimum elements

Usefulness• Value proposition• E ciency: e ort vs. bene t

Standards Conformity• Tool development• Rating criteria• Tool maintenance

Maturity & Impact

• Years operating• Ratings performed• Tool versions• National or intl. market• Market uptake• Empirical results

Costs to Use

• Time• Fees• Documentation• Process

Tool Administration

• Business model• Tool delivery method• Sta ng/support infrastructure• Languages• Ancillary services (training,

credential)

Rating Procedure

• Responsible party• Transparency• Veri cation• Local adaptability• Monitoring/re-certi cation

Rating Criteria

• Creation process• Technical rigor• Scoring & weighting• Trade-o reconciliation• Mandatory vs. optional• Prescriptive vs. performance• Criteria maintenance

Users

• Households• Businesses• Neighborhood organizations• Designers• Developers• Local government• Disadvantaged groups




Continuum of Use Cases

Walk Score EcoDistricts Green Townships LEED-ND Green Star One Planete.g.

Online, simplescore, no record,

no cost

Downloadableframework for

local adaptation,self-assessment,

no cost

Single transactionplans review,simple rating

system with fee

Single transactionplans review,

complex ratingsystem with fee

Multipletransaction

plans review andperiodic re-exam

with fees

Multi-yearimmersion,

complex ratingsystem, ongoing

costs




User Orientation of Select North American Tools

Tools

Users

B u s i n e s s e s

H o u s e

h o

l d s

D i s a d v a n

t a g e

d

G r o u p s

N e

i g h b o r h o o

d

O r g a n

i z a

t i o n s

D e s i g n e r s

D e v e l o p e r s

L o c a

l

G o v e r n m e n

t

Walk Score • • • • • •EDA TBL Tool • • • • •EcoDistricts • • • • •Enterprise • • • • •

AARP Livability Index • • • • •H+T A ordabilityIndex • • • •LEED-ND • • •SITES • • •Envision • • •Living CommunityChallenge • • •




Tools Providers Websites Rating Categories

Tools for Cities

CASBEE for Cities Institute for BldgEnvironment & EnergyConservation, Japan

http://www.ibec.or.jp/ CASBEE/english/

Nature conservation, local environmentalquality, resource recycling, carbon dioxideabsorption, living environment, socialservices, social vitality, industrial vitality,

nancial vitality, carbon dioxide trading

Comprehensive Plansfor Sustaining Places

American Planning Assn, US https://www.planning.org/sustainingplaces/ compplanstandards/

Livable built environment, harmony withnature, resilient economy, interwoven equity,healthy community, responsible regionalism

Eco-City Ministry of EnvironmentalProtection, China

N/A Construction plan, independentenvironmental agencies, energy savings,environmental quality, ecological construction

Eco-Garden City Ministry of Housing &Urban-Rural Development,China

N/A Comprehensiveness, green space, culturaland natural landscapes, urban livingenvironment, community participation,exemplary policy implementation

Low-Carbon City National Development &Reform Commission, China

N/A Integration of climate protection, greendevelopment, industrial GHG emissions,GHG emission database, low-carbonlifestyles

STAR Community STAR Communities, US http://www.starcommunities.org/

Built environment, climate & energy, economy& jobs, education arts & community, equity& empowerment, health & safety, naturalsystems, innovation & process

SustainableCommunities

Audubon International, US(available internationally,and for ExistingNeighborhoods)

http://www.auduboninternational.org/ sustainable-communities-program

Agriculture, economic development &tourism, education, environment, governance,housing, open space & land-use, planningzoning building & development, population,public safety & emergency management,recreation, resource use, volunteerism & civic

engagement, transportation

Tools Survey





Tools for Planned Neighborhoods

Aqua for Neighborhoods Vanzolini Foundation, Brazil(with Certivea/France -HQE)

http://vanzolini.org.br/ conteudo-aqua.asp?cod_site=104&id_menu=760

Territory and local context, density, mobilityand accessibility, heritage, landscapeand identity, adaptability and evolutionarypotential, water, energy and climate, suppliesand equipment urban, residues, ecosystemsand biodiversity, natural and technologicalrisks, health, economy, functions and plurality,environments and public spaces, insertionand training, attractiveness, economicdynamics and structures of local training

BEAM PlusNeighborhood

Hong Kong Green BuildingCouncil (China)(tentative launch 2015)

https://www.hkgbc.org.hk/upload/9.BEAMPlus/BEAM-Plus-Neighbourhood_Info-Sheet.pdf

Community, site, material, energy aspects,water, outdoor environmental quality,innovations

BERDE for ClusteredResidentialDevelopment

Philippine Green BldgCouncil

http://philgbc.net/berde/ berde-nc/1.1.0/BERDE-NC-CRD-v110.pdf

Management, land-use and ecology, water,energy, transportation, indoor environmentalquality, materials, emissions, waste, heritageconservation, innovation

BREEAM Communities BRE Trust, Austria,Germany, The Netherlands,Norway, Spain, Sweden,United Kingdom

http://www.breeam.org/ page.jsp?id=372

Governance, social & economic, well-being,resources & energy, land-use & ecology,transport & movement, innovation

CASBEE for Urban Area+ Bldgs

Institute for BldgEnvironment & EnergyConservation, Japan


Natural environment, area servicefunctions, contribution to community,microclimate impact, social infrastructure,environmental management

CASBEE for UrbanDevelopment



Natural environment, area servicefunctions, contribution to community,microclimate impact, social infrastructure,environmental management

Tools Survey






Climate PositiveDevelopment

C40 Cities, US http://www.c40.org/ networks/climate_positive_development

Thermal & electrical energy use, waste,transportation

DGNB for BusinessDistricts

German SustainableBuilding Council

http://www.dgnb-system.de/en/schemes/scheme-overview

Only available in German

DGNB for IndustrialLocations


http://www.dgnb-system.de/en/schemes/scheme-overview

Only available in German

DGNB for UrbanDistricts


http://www.dgnb-system.de/en/schemes/scheme-overview/neubau_stadtquartiere.php

Land-use, life-cycle-costs, social &commercial infrastructure, quality of public-transport infrastructure, participation

Enterprise Green

Communities

Enterprise Green

Communities

http://www.

enterprisecommunity.com/solutions-and-innovation/enterprise-green-communities

Integrative design, location & neighborhood

fabric, site improvements, water conservation,energy e ciency, materials bene cial to theenvironment, healthy living environment,operations & maintenance

EnviroDevelopment Urban DevelopmentInstitute of Australia

http://www.envirodevelopment.com/ default.asp

Ecosystems, waste, energy, materials, water,community




Tools Survey



HQE for Urban Planning& Development

HQE Association, France(Cerway outside France)

http://assohqe.org.hqe/ spip.php?rubrique11http://www.certivea.fr/nos-certi cations/ certi cations-pour-territoires-durables

Territory and local context, density, mobilityand accessibility, heritage landscape andidentity, adaptability and evolutionarypotential, water, energy and climate, suppliesand equipment urban, residues, ecosystemsand biodiversity, natural and technologicalrisks, health, economy, funtions and plurality,environments and public spaces, insertionand training, attractiveness, economicdynamics and structures of local training

GBI Township Tool Green Bldg Index, Malaysia http://.greenbuildingindex.org/ Resources/GBI%20Tools/ GBI%20Township%20Tool%20V1.0%20Pilot%20Final.pdf

Climate, energy, water, environment & ecology, community planning & development,transportation & development, buildings &resources, business & innovation

Global Sustainability Assessment System for

Districts

Gulf Organization forResearch & Dev, Qatar

Districts criteria areproprietary; general

guidance at http://www.gord.qa/uploads/pdf/ GSAS%20Technical%20Guide%20V2.1.pdf

Urban connectivity, site, energy, water,materials, outdoor environment, cultural and

economic value, management and operations

Green LandDevelopment

Home Innovation ResearchLabs, US

http://www.homeinnovation.com/ services/certi cation/ green_homes/land_development_certi cation

Site design and development, lot selection,project team and mission, innovativepractices






Green Mark forDistricts

Bldg & Construction Authority, Singapore

http://www.bca.gov.sg/ GreenMark/others/GM_District_V2.pdf

Energy e ciency, water management,materials & waste management,environmental planning, green buildings &transport, community & innovation

Green Star Communities Green Bldg Council of Australia (also South AfricaGBC)

http://www.gbca.org.au/ green-star/green-star-communities/

Livability, economic prosperity, environment,design, governance, innovation

Green Townships Indian GBC, India http://igbc.in/site/ igbc/testigbc.

jsp?desc=267002&event=267001

Site selection & planning, land-use planning,transportation planning, infrastructureresource management, innovation in design &technology

LEED for NeighborhoodDevelopment

US Green Bldg Council, US(available internationally)

http://www.usgbc.org/resources/ leed-neighborhood-development-v2009-current-version

Smart location & linkage, neighborhoodpattern & design, green infrastructure &buildings, innovation & design process

LEED for NeighborhoodDevelopment - Canada

Canada Green Bldg Council http://www.cagbc.org/ AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home&template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=8789

Smart location & linkage, neighborhoodpattern & design, green infrastructure &buildings, innovation & design process






One Planet Communities BioRegional, UK (alsoCanada)

http://www.oneplanetcommunities.org/

Zero carbon, zero waste, sustainabletransport, sustainable materials, local &sustainable food, sustainable water, land-use& wildlife, culture & heritage, equity & localeconomy, health & happiness

Pearl Community forEstidama

Abu Dhabi Urban PlanningCouncil, United ArabEmirates

http://estidama.upc.gov.ae/pearl-rating-system-v10/pearl-

community-rating-system.aspx?lang=en-US

Integrated design process, natural systems,livable communities, precious water,resourceful energy, stewarding materials,

innovating practice

Signature Audubon International, US(available internationally)

http://www.auduboninternational.org/ signature

Siting, planning & design, construction, long-term management

Tools for Existing Neighborhoods

2030 Districts Architecture 2030, US http://www.2030districts.org/

Energy, water, transportation, emissions

Livability Index American Assn of RetiredPersons, US

http://www.aarp.org/ content/dam/aarp/ research/public_policy_institute/liv_com/2014/ livability-index-project-

AARP-ppi-liv-com.pdf

Housing, environment, neighborhood,transportation, health, civic engagement,equity & opportunity, recreation & culture

Tools Survey





Tools for All Neighborhoods

NeighborhoodSustainabilityFramework

Beacon Pathway, NZ http://www.beaconpathway.co.nz/ neighbourhoods/article/ the_neighbourhood_sustainability_framework

Neighborhood satisfaction, minimized costs,maximized biophysical health, appropriateresource use & climate protection, e ectivegovernance & civic life, functional exibility

Living CommunityChallenge

International Living FutureInstitute, US

http://living-future.org/lcc Limits to growth, urban agriculture, habitatexchange, human powered living, netpositive water, net positive energy, civilized

environment, healthy neighborhood design,biophilic environment, resilient communityconnections, living materials plan, embodiedcarbon footprint, net positive waste, humanscale + humane places, universal accessto nature & place, universal access tocommunity services, equitable investment,

just organizations, beauty + spirit, inspiration+ education

Tools for Landscapes & Parks

Cooperative Sanctuary Audubon International, US(available internationally) http://www.auduboninternational.org/ acsp

Outreach & education, resource management,water quality and conservation, wildlife &habitat management

Global Sustainability Assessment System forParks


http://www.gord.qa/ uploads/pdf/GSAS%20Technical%20Guide%20V2.1.pdf ( general guidance )

Unavailable





Tools for Landscapes & Parks

Green Mark for ExistingParks; for New Parks


http://www.bca.gov.sg/GreenMark/others/ GM_NewParks_v1.pdf ;http://www.bca.gov.sg/ GreenMark/others/GM_ExistingParks_v1.pdf

Waste & material minimization, watere ciency, energy e ciency, parkmanagement, conservation & heritage,innovation

SITES (Sustainable SITESInitiative)

Univ of Texas at Austin/USBotanic Garden/ASLA, US

http://www.sustainablesites.org/

Site selection, pre-design assessment &planning, site design - water, site design - soil

& vegetation, site design - materials selection,site design - human health & well-being,construction, operations & maintenance,

Tools for Transportation & Infrastructure

BE 2ST-in-Highways University of Wisconsin, US http://rmrc.wisc.edu/ be2st-in-highways/

Life cycle cost, energy, recycling, hazardouswaste, water, noise, social carbon cost

BRT Standard Institute for Transportation &Development Policy, US

https://go.itdp.org/display/live/

The+BRT+Standard

Service planning, infrastructure, stations,communications, access and integration

CEEQUAL Institution of Civil Engineers,UK (available internationally)

http://www.ceequal.com/ methodology.html

Contract strategy & management, people &communities, land-use & landscape, historicenvironment, ecology & biodiversity, water,physical resource use & management,transportation, e ects on neighbors, relationswith local community & stakeholders

Density-VMT Calculator ICLEI Local Governmentsfor Sustainability, US

http://www.icleiusa.org/ library/documents/8-Density-VMT%20

Calculator%20(2).xls/view

Building density, vehicle miles traveled

Tools Survey






Envision Institute for SustainableInfrastructure, US

http://www.sustainableinfrastructure.org/rating/index.cfm

Project pathway contribution, projectstrategy and management, communitiesand e ciencies, land-use and restoration,landscapes, ecology and biodiversity, waterresources and environment, energy andcarbon, resource management, transportation

Global Sustainability Assessment System for

Railways


http://www.gord.qa/ uploads/pdf/GSAS%20Technical%20Guide%20V2.1.pdf ( general guidance )

Unavailable

Green Mark forInfrastructure


http://www.bca.gov.sg/ GreenMark/others/GM_Infra_V1.pdf

Landscape ecology & land e ciency,energy, renewable energy, water, projectmanagement, waste management &environmental protection, innovation

Greenroads Greenroads Foundation, US https://www.greenroads.org/

Project requirements, environment & water,access & equity, construction activities,materials & resources, pavement technologies

INVEST U.S. Dept of Transportation,Federal Hwy Administration,US

https://www.sustainablehighways.org/

Integrated planning, economic developmentand land-use, linking asset managementand planning, stormwater, recycle materials,construction waste management, pavementmanagement system, road weathermanagement program

IS Rating Tool Infrastructure SustainabilityCouncil of Australia

http://www.isca.org.au/is-rating-scheme/is-overview/is-rating-tool

Transport, water, communications, energy

PEER Perfect Power Institute, US http:// perfectpowerinstitute.org/ apply-peer

Enabling customer action; operationale ciency; reliability, power quality, andsafety; energy e ciency & environment






TOD Standard Institute for Transportation &Development Policy, US

https://go.itdp.org/ display/live/ About+the+TOD+Standard

Walk, cycle, connect, transit, mix, densify,compact, shift

Walk Score Walk Score, US http://www.walkscore.com/

Walk, bike, transit

Tools for Special Purposes

CASBEE for HeatIslands



Only available in Japanese

Coastal Resilience Index Southern Climate ImpactsPlanning Program, NOAA,and Sea Grant, US

http://www.southernclimate.org/ documents/resources/ Coastal_Resilience_Index_Sea_Grant.pdf

Critical infrastructure & facilities,transportation, community plans, mitigations,business plans, social systems

Global Reporting

Initiative - Construction& Real Estate Sector

Global Reporting Initiative,

international (TheNetherlands)

https://www.

globalreporting.org/ resourcelibrary/GRI-G4-Construction-and-Real-Estate-Sector-Disclosures.pdf

Economy, environment, labor practices,

human rights, society, product responsibility

H+T Afordability Index Center for NeighborhoodTechnology, US

http://htaindex.cnt.org/ Housing costs, transportation costs

Tools Survey





Tools for Special Purposes

Local Energy E ciencySelf-Scoring Tool

American Council for anEnergy E cient Economy,US

http://www.aceee.org/ local-policy/scoring-tool

Local government operations, community-wide initiatives, building policies, energy &water utilities, transportation

SEED Design Corps, US http:///www.seednetwork.org/certi cation

Social, economic, environmental

STARS - Sustainability

Tracking Assessment &Rating System

Assn for Advancement of

Sustainability in HigherEducation, US

https://stars.aashe.org/ Academics, engagement, operations,

planning and administration, innovation

Triple Bottom Line Tool US Economic Development Administration

http://www.tbltool.org/ Quality jobs, sound investment, industry eco-e ciency, green design & construction, greenoperations, place-making & accessibility,environmental health, governance




Standards Administrators Websites Scope

Humanitarian Charter andMinimum Standards inHumanitarian Response

The Sphere Project http://www.sphereproject.org/ Water supply, sanitation andhygiene promotion, foodsecurity, nutrition and aid,shelter, settlement and non-food items, health services

International Standard 17065- Requirements for Bodies

Certifying Products, Processes& Services

International StandardsOrganization

http://www.iso.orgobp/ ui/#iso:std:46568:en

General, structural, resource,process, management

International Standard37120 - Sustainable Dev ofCommunities - Indicators forCity Services & Quality of Life(also see 37101, 37150)

International StandardsOrganization

http://www.iso.org/iso/37120_brie ng_note.pdf

Economy, education, energy,environment recreation,safety, shelter, solid waste,telecommunications,innovation, nance, re,emergency response,governance, health,transportation, urban planning,wastewater, water, sanitation

Sustainability Assessment& Measurement Principles(Bellagio STAMP)

International Institute forSustainable Development,Organization for EconomicCooperation & Development

http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2009/ brochure_bellagiostamp.pdf

Guiding vision, essentialconsiderations, adequatescope, framework andindicators, transparency,e ective communication, broadparticipation, continuity andcapacity

International Standards

International standards relevant to the rating of urban sustainability




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