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Contents

Welcome to Focus on Grammar v

Scope and Sequence xii

P A R T I Present and Past: Review and Expansion

UNIT 1 Simple Present and Present Progressive 2

UNIT 2 Simple Past and Past Progressive 13

UNIT 3 Simple Past, Present Perfect, and Present Perfect Progressive 26

UNIT 4 Past Perfect and Past Perfect Progressive 38

From Grammar to Writing 55

P A R T I I Future: Review and Expansion

UNIT 5 Future and Future Progressive 60

UNIT 6 Future Perfect and Future Perfect Progressive 79

From Grammar to Writing 96

P A R T I I I Negative Questions, Tag Questions, Additions and Responses

UNIT 7 Negative Yes / No Questions and Tag Questions 100

UNIT 8 So, Too, Neither, Not either, and But 119

From Grammar to Writing 135

P A R T I V Gerunds and Infinitives

UNIT 9 Gerunds and Infinitives: Review and Expansion 138

UNIT 10 Make, Have, Let, Help, and Get 156

From Grammar to Writing 168

P A R T V Phrasal Verbs

UNIT 11 Phrasal Verbs: Review 172

UNIT 12 Phrasal Verbs: Separable and Inseparable 186

From Grammar to Writing 200

P A R T V I Adjective Clauses

UNIT 13 Adjective Clauses with Subject Relative Pronouns 206

UNIT 14 Adjective Clauses with Object Relative Pronouns or When and Where 221

From Grammar to Writing 237

P A R T V I I Modals: Review and Expansion

UNIT 15 Modals and Similar Expressions: Review 240

UNIT 16 Advisability in the Past 257

UNIT 17 Speculations and Conclusions About the Past 271

From Grammar to Writing 286

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P A R T V I I I The Passive

UNIT 18 The Passive: Overview 290

UNIT 19 The Passive with Modals and Similar Expressions 308

UNIT 20 The Passive Causative 323

From Grammar to Writing 337

P A R T I X Conditionals

UNIT 21 Present Real Conditionals 340

UNIT 22 Future Real Conditionals 356

UNIT 23 Present and Future Unreal Conditionals 369

UNIT 24 Past Unreal Conditionals 384

From Grammar to Writing 399

P A R T I X Indirect Speech and Embedded Questions

UNIT 25 Direct and Indirect Speech 402

UNIT 26 Indirect Speech: Tense Changes 417

UNIT 27 Indirect Instructions, Commands, Requests, and Invitations 432

UNIT 28 Indirect Questions 445

UNIT 29 Embedded Questions 461

From Grammar to Writing 478

Appendices A-1

Glossary of Grammar Terms G-1

Unit Review Answer Key UR-1

Index i-1

iv Contents

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