leyte national high school
TRANSCRIPT
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LEYTE NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
TACLOBAN CITY
S.Y. 2011-2012
______________________________
A CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE OF
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION DURING
RUST FORMATION THROUGH CANDLE
COMBUSTION IN THE GLASS JAR
________________________________
Submitted to:
Researched by:
Gerard S. Cabaluna
IV-Einstein
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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The researcher would like to give his profound thanks to those who assisted him in the
composition of this research. For without your generosity on sharing a moment of your invaluable time
and knowledge, this research wouldn’t have been finished.
To my family, for allotting bits of information they knew and giving corrections to his work to
make the research complete.
To my classmates and friends for their suggestions which contributed in the study become a
success.
And most of all, to the Almighty God, for His constant love, guidance and protection which in
one way or another and in times he didn’t know made this research become complete.
- The Researcher -
STATEMENT OF THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
THE RESEARCH PROBLEMS
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The main problem of the research is to confirm if there is oxygen consumption in the
environment in the rust formation process gradually happening in our environment tested in a small scale
controlled environment experimentation. Specifically, this study attempts to answer the following
questions:
1. Can iron combine with water and oxygen to form rust?
2. Will the corrosion (rusting process) of the iron consume the oxygen within the setup when a
lighted candle was placed, reduces the life of fire which also requires oxygen?
3. Will the setup with an empty glass jar, when a lighted candle was placed inside, burn the
fastest or the same with the other setup?
THE RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the research is to confirm if there is oxygen consumption in the
environment in the rust formation process gradually happening in our environment tested in a small scale
controlled environment experimentation. Specifically, this study attempts to answer the following
research objectives:
1. To show the combination of water and oxygen to form rust.
2. To find out that corrosion of the iron consumes oxygen or not within the setup when a lighted
candle was placed, reduces the life of fire, which also requires oxygen.
3. To identify what setup, when a lighted candle is placed inside, will burn the fastest or the
same with the other setup.
THE HYPOTHESES
Before the experimentation, the researcher formulated hypotheses based on the identified research
questions:
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NULL HYPOTHESES
1. Iron will not combine with water and oxygen to form rust.
2. The corrosion of the iron will not consume oxygen within the setup when a lighted candle
was placed maintaining the same length of life of the fire which also requires oxygen.
3. The setup with an empty glass jar, when a lighted candle was placed inside will burn the
same with the other setup.
ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESES
1. The iron will combine with water and oxygen to form rust.
2. The corrosion of the iron will consume oxygen within the setup when a lighted candle was
placed making the life of the fire which also requires oxygen shorter.
3. The setup with an empty jar, when a lighted candle was placed inside will burn the fastest.
THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INTERVENING VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES
The two glass jars of the same
size labeled “A” and “B”
The presence of a wet steel wool
inside one of the glass jar
The length of the life of the
candle fire with or without the
presence of the corroding iron
(steel wool)
ASSUMPTIONS
The researcher found out some citations about rusting which are presumed to be true about the
research problem which are as follows:
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1. Corrosion, partial or complete wearing away, dissolving, or softening of any substance by
chemical or electrochemical reaction with its environment. The term corrosion
specifically applies to the gradual action of natural agents, such as air or salt water, on
metals.
The most familiar example of corrosion is the rusting of iron, a complex chemical reaction in
which the iron combines with both oxygen and water to form hydrated iron oxide. The term
corrosion specifically applies to the gradual action of natural agents, such as air or salt water, on
metals. ("Corrosion." Microsoft® Student 2008 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft
Corporation, 2007)
2. Corrosion is the natural deterioration of a material as a result of its interaction with its
environment. It is applied mostly to metals and particularly to their reaction with oxygen, or
rusting; all materials however, are subjects to surface deterioration. Generally, the processes are
chemical or electrochemical, although physical and mechanical factors contribute to the
corrosion. (Corrosion, Vol. 5 p. 269, Grolier: Encyclopaedia of Knowledge. Grolier Inc. Danbury,
Canada, 1995)
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
For many years, many of us wonder why what causes the corrosion of the metallic material we have.
Although there are already recent advances in slowing this process the research can help those who still
need information for them to understand this process.
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In some ways, this study can enlighten everyone that the more we are knowledgeable about this
process, the more that we can make the process slow even without the great advances in technology such
as resistant surface coating application to the metals in which we can lengthen the life of our materials
especially the things made up of metals.
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
The study was limited to only two setups which is enough to reduce the environment to a small scale
not completely proportional because there is no presence of the biological and non-biological factors
found in the actual environment.
The setups were to be left for not less than one day for the corrosion within the other setup to start
and for the result to become acceptable.
Each candle was reduced to be one and a half inch (1 1/2 inches) in length because of the size of the
glass jars.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
There are ways of defining the key terms used in this study. These are (1) conceptual and (2)
operational. In this research, the researcher used the conceptual definition to define and characterize the
key terminologies used in this study.
1. Corrosion - destruction by chemical action: a process by which something, especially a metal, is
destroyed progressively by chemical action, as iron is when it rusts.
2. Rust - reddish brown coating on metal: a reddish brown coating of iron oxide on the surface of
iron or steel that forms when the metal is exposed to air and moisture
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
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This experiment looks into the process of rusting. Rust is a compound consisting of oxygen, iron,
and water. Rust forms when iron is exposed to air and water. Unlike combustion, rusting is a slower
process that takes more time. However, both of these reactions need oxygen to proceed.
In this experiment, the steel, which contains iron, combined with the oxygen in the air and water
to form rust. Since the jar where the steel was placed was sealed, any oxygen that was in the jar would
have been used in the rusting process. This is why the candle, once placed inside the jar with the steel,
should burn up for a much shorter time since the oxygen needed for the candle to burn was already used
up in the rusting process. (G.C. Santos, A. Danac. I- Chemistry (Investigatory Chemistry. Rex, First
Edition.2006, p. 505)
METHODOLOGY
MATERIALS
steel wool 2 candles
2 glass jars with lids match
water clay
PROCEDURE
1. Wet the piece of steel wool and place it inside one of the jars.
2. Close the lid tight on both jars and leave them alone for at least one day.
3. Place clay on the bottom of both candles so that they can be fastened onto a surface.
4. Open both jars and remove the piece of steel wool.
5. Place the candles in both jars and light them.
DOCUMENTATION
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ANALYSIS OF DATA
OBSERVATION
SETUP “A” SETUP “B”
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(empty jar) (jar with a steel wool)
Fire lasted for 12.8 seconds Fire lasted only for 2.6 seconds
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The experiment focuses in the process of rusting. setup “B,” the setup with the steel wool
underwent corrosion because a reddish substance was seen in the steel wool. The other setup remained
constant and nothing occurred inside it.
The fire in setup “A” lasted for more than ten (10) seconds because the oxygen content remained
the same and was only used up when the candle was placed inside it and was lit. Setup “B,” on the other
hand, has less oxygen content than the first because a rusting process took place and used up some
oxygen inside the jar making the fire lasted only for less than three (3) seconds.
In the experiment, the steel wool, combined with the oxygen in the air inside it and the water to
form rust using up oxygen. Because fire uses oxygen as a fuel, it quickly used up every oxygen left inside
the jar unlike the other setup.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
CONCLUSION
To form rust, iron combines readily with oxygen and water which adds to the consumption of
oxygen when the candle was lit and remains the reason of the fire lasting only for a short time. It is
confirmed that rusting really utilizes oxygen.
RECOMMENDATIONS
For the experiment to be understood by everyone and to make it even better, a better controlled
environment proportional to the actual one containing biological and non-biological factors to show real –
life rusting process and how it affect our environment and us.
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Deeper research on actual rusting process occurrence is another recommendation for us to see a
corrosion occurring first hand in just a moment. A visualization of it and how it occurs is even better.