libraries & publishing industry

Libraries of the present and the future opportunities & challenges for the publishing industry

By

Buddhi Prakash Chauhan

Library Director

O. P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat

9/29/2011 Publicon 2011 FICCI New Delhi 1

Agenda

Role of the Libraries and their present status in India

Libraries of the future, and

Challenges and opportunities for the publishing industry in the Libraries sector


Role of Libraries and their status in India


Libraries and Publishing

The Knowledge Cycle

Source:

http://www.novell.com/connectionmagazine/2009/01/img/kablink1.jpg





Libraries and Publishing Industry

Relationship Beyond Trade

Both are important players in the Knowledge Industry, and have complimentary roles in “Knowledge Life Cycle”

Inter-dependent relationship


Role of Libraries in the Knowledge Society

Disseminate knowledge as widely as possible;

Serve as a major vehicle to facilitate creation of new knowledge;

Facilitate optimal use of knowledge by all sectors, such as

government, industry, rural sector and civil society;

Ensure that people from all sectors and all parts of the country

have easy access to knowledge relevant to their needs, in their

own language

(National Knowledge Commission Working Group on Libraries )


Libraries: Types and domains

Institutional Libraries

Exist to fulfill parent organization’s objectives

Academic Libraries: Universities, Colleges, School

Special Libraries

research, corporate, government, legislature libraries

Specialized collections, targeted user group, restricted access

Public Libraries

Accessible to general public- irrespective of profession, age, gender, class and income

Usually funded from public funds / cress or philanthropic initiatives

Generalized Collection with wider scope

Specialized local material

Personal Collections

Different library sectors are in various stages of development


Status of Institutional Libraries

Generally institutional libraries are reasonably developed in terms of collection, due to

Assured funding

Regulatory mechanism to ensure their existence and continuations

Operational requirement

Academic Libraries: Rapidly expanding educational sector with large investment

> 700 university institutions, 20000 colleges, about 1crore students and 4.5 lakh teachers

MHRD and UGC actively engaged in development of Libraries in HE institutions

Accrediatation process includes Libraries

Libraries in UG colleges, privately run institutions, polytechnic colleges, and schools not up to the mark

Research Libraries: ICAR, CSIR, DRDO, independent RTOs, corporate research, media organizations

Networking efforts: INFLIBNET, DELNET, MANLIBNET etc.

Library Consortia


Libraries: Some Challenges 1. Funding

2. Reading Habit, Utilization of Resources and promotion of Libraries

3. Obsolescence

4. Non availability of advanced reading material in local langauge

5. Adaptation of technology

6. Standards of collection development and financial planning, and service quality

7. Skills up gradation of library staff, professionalism in services

8. Monitoring and accreditation of Library schools

9. Absence of authentic source/service for bibliographic data for Indian contents

10.High prices of foreign publications

11. Library networks to be strengthened


National Knowledge Commission Working Group on Libraries

Qualitative and quantitative guidelines for Collection Development

General Guidelines

1. All libraries must maintain a well-rounded core collection, including reference material to satisfy the regular needs of its user community. These may be supplemented through networks, e-resources, etc, to achieve better qualitative and quantitative standards.

2. Library collections are dynamic resources and there should be, therefore, constant renewal of materials to ensure that the collection remains relevant to the user communities.

3. Except in the case of national repositories, weeding out should be a regular process. Each library should evolve a weeding out policy, approved by the competent authority.

4. The criteria for categorizing libraries in government and public libraries and grading of librarians should be reviewed keeping in mind factors such as size of collection, immediacy index4, users, services and access to electronic resources.


NKC Working Group on Libraries

Public library collections

1. The size and nature of the collection should reflect the population and local

requirements.

2. Locally relevant language material should be available.

3. Book purchase should be a continuous process and at least 10% of the book

collection should be less than five years old.

4. At least 60% of the library’s budget should be spent on collection development.

Academic Library Collections

1. In general, the library collection of academic institutions should take into account

the number of disciplines offered, the level of the courses, the number of students

and faculty and the research activities of the parent organization.

2. At least 6 – 10% of the total institutional budget should be utilized for collection

development on a recurring basis.

3. For a new college / university or a course, a one-time budget may be provided for setting up the basic collection.


Public Libraries in India

Brief History

1906 Imperial Library in Calcutta (National Library in 1948)

1910 Baroda State Public Libraries Network

1951 Delhi Public Library

1972 Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation

To stimulate the library movement in India by enabling the various state and central libraries to carry out their functions more effectively.

To ensure that more libraries are set up in all districts , which are enabled to service a chain of libraries in the rural areas.

Needs of children and people with special needs are given attention,


Status of Public Libraries National Library at Calcutta

Public Libraries- a State Subject

18 States have enacted library legislation, but it has not made any significant difference, due to lack of planning and programmes and low priority

All states have a state central libraries and states who have a Library legislations have district level libraries

Some states like Kerala & West Bengal have public library networks with reaches up to village level (libraries ob boat, mobile library service)

Libraries as part of cultural diplomacy, mainly in matros:

British Council Libraries network, American Resource Centres, Max Muller, Alliance Francois etc.

Some other significant public library services

Delhi Public Library, Connemara Public Library, Anna Centenary Library, Khuda Baksh Public Library,

Public Libraries run by NGOs and philanthropic organizations


Status of Public Libraris

For 90% of the population and 75% of area, public libraries are out of bound

General perception that libraries are meant for highly educated people

No outreach programmes or efforts to promote libraries

Poor, outdated, poor quality collection, unrelated to local needs

No mechanism and skills to assess the needs of the local community

Very low enrolment, low renewal rates

Often isolated from other libraries in the region or country

Very little use of the technology

Poor Physical environment, with most public libraries run from rented poorly maintained premises.

Very restricted working hours

Very few libraries have separate children sections (Collection, staff)


Potential for improvement in Public Library Services

Large educated population working as practitioners, in small industries, freelance, in urban, semi-urban and rural areas, but without access to good libraries

About 50% illitrates, neo-literates and school drop outs who are deprived of formal education. Public libraries can play important role in their intellectual development.

(Overall Literacy (7 yrs+) 74%, Female 65.4% Rural 68.91%, Graduate 6.7%, primary 25.8%, middle 26.2%, secondary 20.8%)

To support and sustain the outcome of national initiatives in primary education, adult education, distance education and informal learning

To synergize with National Knowledge Commission’s effort to establish information kiosk (knowledge Centre) in each village, and other rural development schemes of skill development and employment

To strengthen the democratic political processes and quality of life through awareness of rights, public policies,


Role & Purpose of Public Libraries: The UNESCO Manifesto

Creating and strengthening reading habits in children from any early age

Supporting both individual and self conduct education as well as formal education at all levels

Providing opportunities for personal creative development

Stimulating the imagination and creativity of children and young people

Promoting awareness of cultural heritage, appreciation of the arts, scientific achievements and innovations

Providing access to cultural expressions of all performing arts.

Fostering inter-cultural dialogue and favouring cultural diversity

Supporting the oral tradition

Ensuring access for citizens to all sorts of community information

Providing adequate information services to local enterprises, associations and interest groups

Facilitating the development of information and computer literacy skills

Supporting and participating in literacy activities and programmes for all age groups and initiating such activities if necessary 9/29/2011 Publicon 2011 FICCI New Delhi 16

Libraries of the Future Trends in Higher Education and their impact on

Libraries and Publishing Industry


Acknowledgments

1. ACRL 2009 Strategic Thinking Guide for Academic Librarians in the New Economy

2. Academic Libraries of the Future: Back Ground papers, By Curtis cartwright consulting ltd on behalf of British Library, UK, JISC, RLUK, SCONEL


Factors that will guide the future of libraries

Technology

Hardware: Digital Convergence

Server Space: Cloud Computing

Software: MS dominance will be challenged

Operating System: large and very broad in their functionality. Chrome (designed for internet and cloud computing).

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Software as a Service, (SaaS) based on small components, instead of monolithic architecture

Formats: Non text and number data, open standards, semantics

Speed and bandwidth: Continue to be faster and cheaper

Economy: Globalization, Knowledge economy, income level

Trends in Educational

Regulatory -IPR


Future trends in higher education

The advent of cloud computing, signals a move away from locally supported services. Library use of computing resources will also tend to move away from physically stored on-site capacities to the networked “cloud.”

The expanding capabilities of mobile or “smart” devices, such as

phones and other handheld devices, are increasing student

expectations for services. Some colleges and universities are

already creating courses to be delivered on cell phones

Prices for mobile devices and ultraportable laptops are dropping.

As more students purchase these devices, there will be less

reliance on the fields of computers typically found in information

commons.



The growth of e-learning, distributed learning, and blended learning will increase the demand for technology resources.

Significant increases in non-traditional student enrollment.

Demand on bandwidth capacity has reached a new high as a result of video and audio downloading and uploading by students and faculty, as well as by other resource-intensive applications. All participants in the academic enterprise are becoming more active consumers of bandwidth.

Vendors of Web-based products for libraries are beginning to market their products directly to students and faculty

Institutional repositories (IR) and other data and information resources need to be developed and expanded. According to ARL, “repository services are moving beyond pre-print and post-print dissemination to include a wide range of content types, clients, and service needs


Increased use and expectation of distributed or diffused content, in addition to opportunities to create and share content. Increased use of syndication (such as RSS feeds), social networking, and the shift to interactivity on the Internet. Technologies will not only afford and facilitate interaction between students but between students and faculty or staff on (or off) campus.

Open source use is growing, while new tools for managing network security are being created. The resulting conflict will impede decision making on campus and possibly restrict the use of some emerging programs and tools



Future Thinking for Academic Libraries 2025 ACRL

Scenario Space

26 possible scenarios

Parameters:

• Probability

• Impact

• Speed of Development , and

• Threat or opportunity


Libraries 2025: High Impact High Probability Scenarios

5. Breaking the textbook monopoly

Affordable textbooks. Faculty members, have embraced online open educational resources (OER), and create and share openly their course materials, modules, streaming videos, tests, software, and other tools, inviting student contributions.

6. Bridging the scholar/practitioner divide

Open peer-review becomes the norm for many fields, speeding up application of discoveries. Online publications, by scholarly societies in partnership with trade organizations and professional associations, are open access. They support robust community-based dialogue on articles as soon as they are accepted via traditional editorial procedures. Scholars and practitioners alike discuss the findings, how the theory would apply in practice, and suggest additional research needed.



7. Community over consumerism

The simple living movement is not only a lifestyle choice, but also an economic necessity.

Contributing to community is now seen as more valuable than making money.

Colleges and universities adopt triple bottom-line accounting to consider financial, human, and environmental costs of their operations as well as contributions to society in these three areas.

Students embrace distance education as a way to reduce carbon footprint – attending in-person events a few times a year.



10. Everyone is a "non-traditional" student

The interwoven nature of work/life/school is accepted in higher education as life spans increase and students are unable to fund tuition in one lump. Co-op education is widely embraced and faculty increasingly value students' life experience. Knowing what the workforce wants, students are active in designing their own learning outcomes, and the personalized curricula becomes the norm. Faculty evaluate students on demonstrations of learning – such as policy documents, marketing plans, or online tutorials – rather than old measures based on “seat time” and “credit hours.”

12. Increasing threat of cyber-war, cybercrime, and cyber-terrorism

College/university and library IT systems are the targets of hackers, criminals, and rogue states, disrupting operations for days and weeks at a time. Campus IT professionals seek to protect student records/financial data while at the same time divulging personal viewing habits in compliance with new government regulations. Librarians struggle to maintain patron privacy and face increasing scrutiny and criticism as they seek to preserve online intellectual freedom in this climate



15. Meet the new freshman class

Children are completely fluent in digital media. For those who cant afford, the digital divide become more prominent, “Remedial” computer and information literacy classes are now de rigueur.

21. Right here with me

Students “talk” through homework with their handheld devices, which issue alerts when passing a bookstore with material they need to cite. Scanning the title page, this information is instantly embedded in proper citation style with an added endnote. Checking in on location-based services, students locate study team members and hold impromptu meetings without the need for study rooms. Their devices have whiteboards and can share notes with absent members.



22. Scholarship stultifies

The systems that reward faculty members continue to favor conventionally published research. At the same time, standard dissemination channels – especially the university press – implode. While many academic libraries actively host and support online journals, monographs, and other digital scholarly products, their stature is not great; collegial culture continues to value tradition over anything perceived as risky.

25 This class brought to you by…

At for profit institutions, education is disaggregated and very competitive. Students no longer graduate from one school, but pick and choose like at a progressive dinner party. Schools increasingly specialize by offering online courses that cater to particular professional groups. Certificate courses explode and are sponsored by vendors of products to particular professions.


Impact on Libraries and Publishing of the future

Libraries Funding: supplement with income

generation

Collection: Primarily Digital

Costs: negotiate customised content and align with quantum of use, consortium, national bodies as centre for distrubution

Physical Infrastructure

User Groups: Globalized, Matured, Paying, extended

Diminishing categorization of Libraries

The way people will have access to libraries

Operations & services: web based

Business model: free basic services, paid premium services

Librarians role and skills

IPR

Publishing Strategic Partnerships:

Collaborate/compete with “new publishers”

Institutions as publishers

Production: Customized, Low volumes, fast, distributed

Contents: Digital, translations, distributed, versioning, talking books, Indian contents, quality, editorial processes

Distribution: digital products, print products, shorter supply chain, pay as you use,

Pricing

IPR


Redefining Libraries and Publishing

The old model of comprehensive onsite collections was decomposing

The rapidity with which digitisation is occurring is in order of magnitude faster than the current generation of librarians and scholars can fathom. Although the British Library’s 2020 report predicted that by 2020 some 90% of UK publications will be born digital, librarians continue to operate in a largely bricks, mortar, and paper world.

More interconnected libraries, with central coordination, collaborating in enabling content discovery and manipulation.

Both formal and informal means of scholarly communication and information dissemination will be of importance for library users.

The principal mode of access and delivery will be digital, but the cult of the object will remain strong for a subset of scholars and for the general public.

The trend toward aggregation will continue among publishers and information vendors. In recognition of the importance of the access to the information they provide to an informed citizenry and to achieve maximum economic leverage, there will be more national site licenses for subscriptions to current and retrospective content.



E-journals, e-books, databases, and digital and audio content will be acquired at the national level for the research community and for the public, with the result that much less local collection building of published literature will take place.

A few research libraries and national brokerages will develop and maintain the collection building policies and plans.

90% of monographs predicted to be available digitally in 2020, both publishers and libraries will reallocate the funds currently dedicated to the processing and maintenance of multiple copies to the support of national site licenses.

General Vision of the Libraries: Size v/s Service, Access V/S Ownership, Just in time V/S Just In Case



There will be global and national centres of excellence with subject specialists identifying fugitive material and grey literature in particular disciplinary or interdisciplinary domains. Using the power of the web, these specialists will serve a wide population of users and will guide an army of volunteers who contribute their knowledge in augmenting the connections and enriching description. The Library’s role will be strong in creating pathways to the collective information that will facilitate different types of enquiry (Search and discovery); in ensuring that the content persists over time (preservation); and in educating people in how to find, manipulate, and create information (education).

Intellectual property rights will continue to be critical in the knowledge economy. In order to ensure that their users have access to the broadest spectrum of information content, librarians will need to be well informed, well organised, and strong advocates on behalf of copyright and IP legislation that balances author rights with those of a democratic, creative society.

Informal communication will come from social networking sites, interactive forums, and other sources. The availability of open access information will increase, but it will not supplant commercial publishing. Instead it will lead to the fragmentation of the information landscape. The benefits of open access will accrue to the independent scholars and lesser developed countries and will as a result have a larger benefit to society, but in the coming decade, open access repositories will be a complication rather than an advantage for research libraries as they will require additional resources to manage and integrate with other types of information.


Beyond Trade: Role of Publishing Industry in development of libraries

Triple Bottom Line Accounting

Commercial, Environment, Social Responsibility

Development of schools and rural libraries

Promote reading habit

Affordable publications

Long term investment

Recent examples: NDTV My School Campaign, Room To Read


Thank You


libraries & publishing industry

Documents