listening in formal academic contexts

8/9/2019 Listening in Formal Academic Contexts

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Listening inListening inFormal/Formal/

AcademicAcademic

ContextsContexts


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DIFFERENT PURPOSES INDIFFERENT PURPOSES IN

LISTENINGLISTENING

Listening for enjoyment-easiest of all(music, TV, radio) re!uires littlemental in"ol"ement

Listening for information- re!uiresmore concentration ex#ected toretain info$

listening for information as %ell asanaly&ing and e"aluating it

listening %it' attention to details t'at

gi"e you clues to t'e s#eaers


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LecturersLecturers

presentation orpresentation orlecturing styleslecturing styles

eading 0tyle

Con"ersational 0tyle

'etorical 0tyle


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Other lecturingOther lecturing

stylesstyles

memorisationread aloudtec'ni!ues

c'al and tal

gi"e and tal

re#ort and discuss

rote learning


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Cues to indicate important ideasCues to indicate important ideas

Cues to indicateCues to indicate

important ideasimportant ideas

use of relati"eclauses or ot'er

su##ortingclauses

stress, intonation,

#auses

logical

connectors,num+er, andot'er #'rases

"ocal underlining

1se of macro andmicros marers


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Segmentati

on

Tempora

l

Causal Contrast Emphasis

2ell At t'atmoment

0o 3ot' 4f course

4 And T'en 3ut 5ou can

seeno% After t'is 3ecause 4nly 5ou see

And For t'emoment

6n "ie% oft'at

4n t'eot'er'and

Actually

ig't 7"entually

T'erefore 8o%e"er 4+"iously

All rig't T'en As a result 1n+elie"a+ly

conse!uently As youno%


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7xam#les of 9icros

2'at 6m going to tal a+out today issomet'ing t'at you #ro+a+ly already no% $$$

2'at :'ad; 'a##ened :t'en/after t'at; %as

:t'at; $$$ 2ell see t'at $$$

T'at/T'is is %'y $$$

To +egin %it' $$$

Anot'er interesting de"elo#ment %as t'at$$$

T'is/t'at %as 'o%$$$


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listen to t'e o#ening #art of a tal

listening to 'o% t'e s#eaer lins'er ideas toget'er

listen for ey %ords in t'e se!uenceof ideas (frstly, in addition)

listen to t'e conclusion, %'ic' %illrestate t'e main #oints in t'e same%ay as t'e introduction

LISTENING FORSEUENCE IN IDE!S

LISTENING FOR SPECIFIC L!NGU!GE


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T'ere are cues suc' as %ords,#'rases %'ic' can 'el# you

determine t'e di


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Facts

Facts are o+jecti"e (i$e$, t'ey can +e#ro"en)

Facts include statistical data,re#orts of o+ser"ation andexam#les of actual e"ents and

'a##enings

Facts used #'rases suc' as =6n fact,according to>, as a matter of fact?


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Opinions

o#inions are su+jecti"e (i$e$,t'ey ex#ress a #reference or

+ias4#inions used #'rases suc'

as =I believe, in my opinion,in my view, I think?


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6ntonation refers to t'e use ofmelody and t'e rise and fall oft'e "oice %'en s#eaing$

T'ere are t%o ty#es

Falling intonation ising intonation

LISTENING FOR "E!NINGFRO"

INTON!TION


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Falling Intonation

1sually used %it'#ositi"e statementsand

declarati"e sentences8ig'er in #itc' and slig't fall

in intonation


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used in ans%ers

commands

certain ty#es of !uestions

seeing information

seeing agreement

seeing +et%een c'oices

Falling

Intonation


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6 am #laying foot+all

5ou are standing u#

T'ey are running


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@a"id #lays t'e #iano

6 'o#e you can come

tomorro%2e"e forgotten t'e mil


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Rising Intonation

Accom#anying statementsex#ressing dou+ts, or yes/no

!uestionsising tone indicate

#oliteness and uncertainty


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seeing forassurance

orinformation

5es/Bo uestions

re!uest forre#etition

Rising

Intonation

Rising

Intonation


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listening to lectures or#resentations re!uires one to

get t'e main ideas andsu##orting details

demands ones concentration

and t'e a+ility to tae noteso"er a lengt'y #eriod$

LISTENING TO T!#E NOTESLISTENING TO T!#E NOTES


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Lectures are full of contain

incom#lete sentences, #auses,and "er+al Dllers, organisationalcues, r'etorical !uestions,

deDnitions, conclusions andinferences made$


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sounds or %ords t'at are s#oento Dll u# ga#s in utterances

1'$$$5ou no%$$$

8mm$$$

6 mean$$$

6ts lie$$$

$er%al Fillers$er%al Fillers


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Cues %'ic' are gi"en to 'el# t'elistener understand t'e order,se!uence, or relations'i# of t'e

information in t'e lectureT'e to#ic is

First of all

T'en, 6n conclusion

To reca#

To go +ac o"er

Organisational CuesOrganisational Cues


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A !uestion to %'ic' no ans%er isex#ected, often used for r'etorical e

listening in formal academic contexts

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