literary - nplg

literaryjournal

literaturuli Jurnaliliteraturuli Jurnaliliteraturuli Jurnaliliteraturuli Jurnaliliteraturuli Jurnali

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saguramo

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mTavari redaqtoriandro bedukaZe

redaqtorebiivane amirxanaSviliuCa SerazadiSvili

JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli masalebisgamoyeneba redaqciasTan SeuTanxme-blad dauSvebelia

tel.: 551 18 37 [email protected]

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S i n a a r s i

Tanamdevi sulebi

3. mixeil javaxiSvili saqarTvelos sazRvrebi

literaturis istoria

7. lali avaliani cisferyanwelebi

kritika

27. Jaklin siraZe uCveulo postmodernizmi

saidumlo baraTebi

45. ioseb griSaSvilis sayvareli qalebi (moamzada nodar grigoraSvilma)

genealogia

63. maia cercvaZe `biWic kargia da ojaxic kargi aqvs~

Tvalsazrisi

69. dimitri SveliZe. giorgi JuJunaSvili ilia WavWavaZis ucnobi werili

peterburgis gazeTSi

recenzia

80. malxaz ivaniZe Txroba rogorc kulturuli perseveracia

axali Targmanebi

82. vasili rozanovi wignidan `ganmartoebuli~ (Targmna baCana bregvaZem)

90. frensis oto matiseni okeane (Targmnes paata da rostom CxeiZeebma)

100. boris pasternaki werilebi (Targmna salome bedukaZem)

107. andre morua don Juani anu cxovreba baironisa (Targmna daviT kaxaberma)

Tanamdevi sulebi

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saqarTvelos sazRvrebisanam arsebobdnen damoukidebeli da

Zlieri somxeTi, bizantia da trapezun-di (Zveli ponti) saqarTvelo damouki-debeli, Zlieri iyo, radgan misi somxe-Tis karebi daketili iyo. somxeTisa, bi-zantiisa da trapezundis daSlis Sem-deg es karebebic gaiRo, zRudeni moiS-alnen da osmalTa talRebma walekes daCamogvacales naxevari saqarTvelo,xolo meore naxevari danarCensaqarTvelosi imdenad gaivso mravalsaukuneTa ganmavlobaSi samusulmanoqveynebidan momdinare somxebiT, rommaT faqtiurad daimkvidres didi naw-ili aRmosavleT saqarTvelosi da misierTi nawili SeierTes kidevac.

am axlo momavalSi, Tu moulodneliaraferi moxda, unda damkvidrdes daSeiqmnes mokavSireTa wyalobiT, TiTq-mis aTasi wlis winaT daSlili somxeTida TiTqmis xuTi saukunis winaT dan-greuli trapezundi. yoveli SegnebuliqarTvelisTvis somxeTisa da berZnultrapezundis aRdgena udris saqarTve-los aRdgenas da misi damoukideblobisganmtkiceba-damkvidrebas, radgan: 1.saqarTvelos sazRvrebs Camoecleba dametad dasustdeba is Zala _ osmaleTi,romelmac daaqveiTa, daasusta saqar-Tvelo da iqamdis miiyvana, rom man Tvi-Tonve xeli aiRo Tavis suverenobaze daTvisi Tavi da bedi ucxo saxelmwifosgadasca. 2. im dromdis, sanam saqarTve-los mosazRvred osmaleTi eyoleba,

Cveni samSoblo ver moisvenebs, mTelTavis Zala-qonebas samxreTis sazRvre-bis dacvas moandomebs da male imdenaddasustdeba Zalauneburi militarulipolitikiT, rom bolos an osmaleTislukma gaxdeba, an Tavis fizikuri arse-bobis SenarCunebisaTvis isev ruseTsCauvardeba xelSi. 3. somxeTisa da tra-pezundis aRdgenis Semdeg wina aziaSi dakavkasionis samxreTiT damyardeba Zal-Ta daaxlovebiTi swor-wonoba da mSvi-doba.

orasi wlis ganmavlobaSi zemoaRniS-nul teritoriaze gauTavebeli omiswarmoebda CvenisTana sust erebiszurgze ruseTsa da osmaleTs Soris,romelnic erTmaneTs ecilebodnenevropa-aziis karebsa da xids: amier-kavkasias da somxeTis zegans. Tu mokav-Sireebma or saxelmwifos xeli aaRe-bines am kareb-xidze, Zlierni da gamar-jvebulni friad dainteresebulniiqnebian, rom wina aziaSi mSvidobiano-bis dasamyareblad Seqmnan, ganamtkiconda daamkvidron damoukidebeli an nax-evrad damoukidebeli saqarTvelo,somxeTi, trapezundi, azerbeijani, si-ria, palestina, osmaleTi, sparseTi damesopotamia iseT sazRvrebSi da iseTisZalisa, rom aziis am nawilSi damyardesZalTa daaxlovebiT swor-wonaoba.

zemo aRniSnul da sxva mizezTa gamo,romelTa CamoTvla Sors wagviyvanda,saqarTvelom yoveli saSualeba unda

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ixmaros da Tvisi mcire Zala-energia ardazogos, raTa osmaleTis teritori-aze Seiqmnes saqarTvelos mosazRvreori saxelmwifo: somxeTi da trapezun-di.

Tu axali rRveva ar moxda qveynisa,es gegma advilad SeiZleba ganxor-cieldes, radgan amas moiTxovs saxelm-wifo interesebi inglis-safrangeTisa,italiisa da Savi zRvis irgvliv mde-bare saxelmwifoebisa. pirvel sams sax-elmwifos hyavs didZali qveSevrdomimusulmani, romelTa damorCileba damarTva-gamgebloba metad gaadvildebada uzrunveli gaxdeba mxolod imSemTxvevaSi, Tu es qveynebi miswvdebianteritoriulad osmaleTs, e.i. am qvey-nebsa da osmaleTs Sua Seiqmneba axalierTi, ori da sami saqristiano saxelm-wifo _ somxeTi, trapezundi da siria.marTalia, es saxelmwifoni mxolod no-minalurad iqnebian qristianuli dadamoukidebelni, magram arsebiTad amasmniSvneloba ar eqneba. faqtiuradsamive saxelmwifo iqneba romelime ev-ropul saxelmwifos kolonia, dasaxle-buli iseTi erebiT, romelnic erTimxriT, winaaRmdegni iqnebian osmaleTi-sa (somxebi, berZnebi, ebraelebi, arabe-bi da sxva), xolo meore mxriT, mudmiviqiSpobiT urTierT Soris am teritori-aze mesame saxelmwifos gavlena-ba-tonobas gaaadvileben da daamyareben.es mesame saxelmwifo siria-somxeTSi,rogorca Cans, safrangeTi iqneba.

safrangeTma orasi wlis muSaobiTdidi saqme gaikeTa da Zlieri gavlenisZafi gaaba siriidan moyolebuli mosu-li vilaetis gayolebaze urmiis tbisnapirebamdis. am raions igi xmamaRla daaSkarad edaveboda am omis drosac ki in-glissa da ruseTsac, xolo gamarjveb-is Semdeg aRniSnuli ufleba safrange-Tisa ucilobeli Seiqna.

garda amisa, ukanasknel dros cxa-dad sCans somxur gazeTebidanac ki, romsomxebis imedi ufro safrangeTs eyrd-noba, vidre ingliss.

es mosazrebani uflebas gvaZlevenvifiqroT, rom somxeTisa da siriis ba-tonmflobeloba SeiZleba daeTmos sa-

frangeTs, romelic siria-kilikiidansomxeTis zeganze amova da aqedan ecde-ba gavrceldes kavkasiasa da CrdiloeTsparseTze.

aq, somxeTis zeganze, erTmaneTsxvdebian da ejaxebian safrangeTi da in-glisis interesebi. momavlis istoriaganmeorebaa warsulisa da xval somxe-Tis zeganze uciloblad ganmeordebaguSindeli ambebi: nacvlad ruseT-os-maleTisa da osmaleT-germaniisa erT-maneTs Seekrebian inglis-safrangeTi-sa da inglis-osmaleTis interesebi.

inglisisTvis amierkavkasias iseTivemniSvneloba aqvs, rogorc suecis arxs.baTum-baqos gza ingliss xelT ugdebsmTel amierkavkasias, sparseTs da kaspi-is gaRma uSvelebel teritorias. esadgilebi da gzebi, ukve daWerili in-glisis mier, Tavis pirdapiri fasisa damniSvnelobis garda, ifaraven da icaveninglisis mTavar sakveb auzs _ indo-eTs, avRanistans, sparseTs da axladSeZenil mesopotamias, _ romelnicmxolod viwro yeliT _ suecis arxiT_ arian gadabmulni mesopotamiasTan.es garemoeba udides xifaTs uqadis in-gliss, romelic veras gziT xelidanver gauSvebs umTavres nayofs Tavisgamarjvebisas: zemoaRniSnul axalqveynebs da axals baTum-baqos moklegzas, romelnic mravaljer uadvilebsingliss zemoxsenebul qveynebis mar-Tva-gamgeblobas da SenarCunebas. amZiriTad debulebidan istoriulisaucileblobiT gamomdinareobs ingli-sis mxriv gafarToveba da dacva samxre-Tis mxriT baTum-baqos gasavlel kori-dorisa (CrdiloeTis xifaTiT, jer-jerobiT mainc, saTvalavSi ar CaiTvle-ba), romelsac hketavs erTaderTi kare-bi _ uZlieresi cixe yarsi.

es simagre marto kavkasiis karebi kiar aris, aramed mTeli mcire aziisac.igi strategiuli RerZia Savi zRvisa,kaspiisa da xmelTaSua zRvis Soris mde-bare qveynebisa. pirvelad istoriidanmoyolebuli am patara wertilze daiw-yo da dasrulda bedi mraval xalxisa:somxeTisa, saqarTvelosi da osmaleTi-sac. samxedro mecnierebs ucilobel

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WeSmaritebad miaCnia, rom yarsis mflo-bels erTi fexi kavkasiaSi udgas, meoreki osmaleTSi da baton-patronia oriveqveynisa. inglisma, ra Tqma unda, kargadicis fasi da mniSvneloba yarsisa, ami-tom igi arc erTs did saxelmwifos ardauTmobs mas. am mosazrebaTa gamoyarsis raionSi unda daejaxnen erTma-neTs inglis-safrangeTis interesebi,da saqarTvelom am garemoebiT undaisargeblos, gamoiyenos igi Tavis sa-sargeblod da scados damkvidrebadidi saqarTvelosi: mxolod amis Sem-deg mas Seergeba da gamoadgeba samuda-mo neitralitetis Zebna da mopoveba.winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, dRevandelfarglebSi moqceuli saqarTvelo iZu-lebuli iqneba uari sTqvas Tavis nei-tralitetze, rogorc saberZneTi moiq-ca 1861 wels.

siriidan yarsisken mimaval safra-ngeTs inglisi win aRudgeba yarsis sam-xreTiT da Woroxis xeobis saTaveSi.radgan safrangeTi samxreTidan somxe-Tis droSis qveS midis, amitom inglisicZalauneburad saqarTvelos droSasamoefareba da yvelanairad ecdeba, racSeiZleba samxreTisken waswios igi dafrangul somxeTs win dauxvedros in-glisuri saqarTvelo. es mosazrebasabuTs gvaZlevs vifiqroT, rom ingli-si mxars dauWers saqarTvelos saz-Rvrebis gafarTovebas samxreTiT daecdeba am sazRvrebSi moaqcios yarsi,ispirTorTumi da lazistani.

yarsisa, lazistanisa da ispirTor-Tumis SeZena, dacva da SenarCuneba Seg-viZlia mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, TusaqarTvelosa da osmaleTs Soris aSen-da erTi da ori zRude. somxeTi da tra-pezundi. am saxelmwifoebis aRdgena,vimeoreb, saqarTvelos aRdgenas ud-ris, magram saqarTvelosTvis sul erTiar aris Zala da raodenoba im axal er-Teulebisa, romelnic Cveni samSoblosgarSemo ibadebian da moqmedeben. Tuganxorcielda parizSi SemuSavebuligegma frangul somxeTis Seqmnisa (ruse-Tisa da osmaleTis somxeTis gaer-Tianebis), igi did saqarTvelozedac kimeti iqneba samnaxevarjer (somxeTi Se-

icavs 372,000 kilometrs, xolosaqarTvelo 104,000 verss, anu 110,000kilometrs.), saSualo saqarTvelozeTiTqmis xuTjer meti, xolo dRevandelsaqarTveloze eqvsjer meti. igi ar dau-vardeba mTel kavkasias, TiTqmis orjergadaaWarbebs amierkavkasias da erTnax-evarjer _ italias. aseTi didi saxelm-wifos Seqmna daarRvevs wina aziaSi Zal-Ta sworwonobas da daemuqrebasaqarTvelos. amis sawinaaRmdegodsaqarTvelom unda amoiwios da mTeliTavisi Zala-imedi SeuerTos did brit-aneTs, romlis interesi savsebiT eT-anxmeba saqarTvelos interess, ese igi:winaaRmdeg franguli somxeT-asureTi-sa Seimqnas inglisuri didi saqarTveloda trapezundi. xolo am miznis ganxor-cielebisaTvis da ZalTa sworwonobisdasamyareblad saWiroa, rom 1. gadaec-es momaval pontis saxelmwifos trape-zunis vilaieTi garda lazistanisa,romelic saqarTvelos unda SeuerT-des. 2. CamoeWras somxeTs da gadaecessaqarTvelos nawili arzrumis vilaie-Tisa (ispiri da TorTumi). 3. mTeliyarsis olqic unda SeuerTdes saqar-Tvelos. 4. radgan yarsis marTva-gam-geoba da SenarCuneba SeuZlebelia bor-jom-axalcixe-artaanis gziT, amitomsaqarTvelosve unda gadaeces Tbilis-yarsis gza da xidi _ gumbris mazra, _winandeli Sulaveri, _ romelic mra-val saukunis ganmavlobaSi saqar-Tvelos ekuTvnoda. 5. saqarTvelosveunda daubrundes misi istoriulikuTvnileba _ yazaxi da saingilo.

aseT sazRvrebSi moqceuli saqar-Tvelo mainc samjer naklebi iqneba siv-rciT somxeTze da TiTqmis gauTanas-wordeba mas mcxovrebTa raodenobiT:somxeTma rom moaxerxos da gafantulsomexTa umravlesoba moagrovos Tavisteritoriaze, somxebi Seadgenen iq ara-umetes 30-35 proc.-sa, xolo qarTvele-bi did saqarTveloSi mainc Seadgenen 60proc.-mdis, raic male iseT Zalas mis-cems saqarTvelos, rom igi arafriTCamorCeba somxeTs, Tumca somxeTs ter-itoria samjer ufro meti eqneba, vidresaqarTvelos.

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am istoriulsa da udides saqmes, _did saqarTvelos Seqmnas, _ ra Tqmaunda, didi Zala sWiria. mokled movWri:am gegmas saqarTvelo Tavis mcire Za-lebiT ver ganaxorcielebs. arc somxe-Ti, arc siria da arc ponto Tavisi sak-uTari ZalebiT verc Seqmnian da vercSeinarCuneben damoukideblobas. Tana-xmad bunebis kanonisa, sustni ZlierTebRauWebian da maTi daxmarebiT arse-boben, izrdebian da viTardebian.

saqarTvelo msoflio ZalTa gza daxidia, romlis xelSi Casagdebad kidevmravali sisxli daiRvreba da mis zurg-ze mravaljer daejaxebian erTmaneTsdidi saxelmwifoni.

Cveni damoukidebloba nayofia amZalTa kombinaciisa, ronelic CvenTvalwin icvleba. Cveni valia am kombi-naciis mimdinareobas gavyveT da arse-buli pirobebi gamoviyenoT Cveni xalx-

isa da samSoblos sasargeblod.damyareba, dacva da ganmtkiceba di-

di saqarTvelosi zemoxsenebul saz-RvrebSi iseTi ganuzomeli da istori-uli saqmea, rom misi gulisTvis Cven ve-rafers davzogavT. Tu uzrunvelyo-fili iqneba mSvidoba da erovnul Zal-Ta ganviTareba, mravaljer imatebsprocesi saqarTvelos sulier-kultu-rul gaerTianebisa, ekonomikur ganvi-Tarebisa da saqarTvelo naxevarisaukunis Semdeg gadaiqceva centradevropiul kulturisa wina aziaSi.

saqarTvelos Tanamedrove Taobasbedma daakisra uaRresad didi valde-buleba da pasuxismgebloba winaSe mo-maval saqarTvelosi. am Taobam undaisargeblos iSviaTi SemTxveviT, pir-naTlad Seasrulos Tvisi vali da daim-saxuros samarado madloba momavalTaobaTa.

(1919, 18-19 Tebervali)

TiTqmis erTi saukune gvaSorebs cis-feryanwelTa, e.w. qarTvel simbolistTajgufis dafuZnebis (1915-16 wlebis mij-na) dros. is, rom ocdameerTe saukuneSicar ganelebula interesi cisferi orde-nis~ mimarT (marto CvenSi ki ara, _ ucx-oeTSic), migvaniSnebs mis WeSmaritadnovatorul suls da cxovelmyofelo-bas. SesaZloa, axla, interteqstual-izaciisa da globaluri ekleqtikis Jams,ufro mkafiod warmoCndes, _ rogorgauswro dros `cisferma ordenma~ daraoden didia misi wvlili ara mxolodqarTuli leqsis formaluri sruly-ofisa da gamravalferovnebis, aramed,zogadad, qarTuli poeziis ganaxlebissaqmeSi.

literaturuli dajgufebani mTladucxo xili ar iyo qarTuli mwerlobi-saTvis. XIX saukuneSi pirvelad`Tergdaleulebma~, e. w. samocianelebmagamokveTes naTlad TavianTi mrwamsi.ruseTSi ganaTlebamiRebul Tergdale-ulebs~, _ maT aRiarebul moTaves iliaWavWavaZes, akaki wereTels, niko ni-kolaZes, giorgi wereTels, kirilelorTqifaniZes da sxvaT, mogvianebiTdauaxlovdnen petre nakaSiZe, aleqsan-dre savaneli, mixeil yifiani, ivane pol-taracki, ilia winamZRvriSvili... magrammaT ar ucdiaT organizaciuli gamTli-aneba, gansxvavebuli literaturuli sk-olis, dajgufebis Seqmna, Tumca zog sa-kiTxSi mkveTrad gaemijnen wina TaobaTamwerlebs, e. w. `mamebs~.

vaxtang kotetiSvili werda, rom es ar

iyo skola; es iyo erTi miznisaken mim-swrafi axalgazrdobis kavSiri, axal-gazrdobisa, romelsac, programazeuwinares, ganwyobileba da temperamen-tic akavSirebda.

`TergdaleulTa~ upirveles mizansimdroindeli sazogadoebrivi cxovreb-is gardaqmna, xalxSi erovnuli TviTSeg-nebis gaRviveba warmoadgenda; mwerlo-ba maTTvis erTgvari placdarmic iyo,romlis dauflebiTac apirebdnen Tavi-anTi ideebis gavrcelebas.

demokratiul idealebze aRzrdilisamocianelebi mamebs~ _ konservator-liberalebs daupirispirdnen; liter-aturuli TvalsazrisiT ki `mamaTa daSvilTa brZola~ krizisis gzaze damd-gari romantikuli mimdinareobisa dakritikuli realizmis urTierTdapiri-spirebas gamoxatavda. literaturis is-torikosis TvalTaxedviT, es marTlacasea; Tumca, literaturul mimarTule-baTa amgvar mkveTr Sejaxebas maSin adg-ili ar hqonia.

organizaciuli gamTlianebisakenswrafva ufro meore daselebs~ (`meoredasi~, faqtobrivad, samocianelTa erT-erTi ganStoeba iyo) da, gansakuTrebiT,`mesame daselebs~ etyobodaT, TumcamaTi TavidaTavi mizani politikuri xa-siaTisa gaxldaT, literaturas ki ufro`meoradi~ funqcia eniWeboda. `Tergda-leulebi~ Tavadaznauruli intelige-nciis wridan iyvnen; mogvianebiT maTxalxosnebi, diakvnis Svilebi~, e. w. te-tiaTa motrfialeni~ daupirispirdnen.

literaturis istoria

lali avaliani

cisferyanwelebi

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es dajgufebani xSirad stiqiuradiqmneboda. maT, uwinaresad, socialur-politikuri da erovnuli miswrafebebiamoZravebdaT da ara literaturuli sk-olis Seqmnis survili.

`cxovreba Ziria, xelovneba da mec-niereba maszed amosuli Stoebi arian~ _ilias am sityvebs met-naklebad XIXsaukunis yvela jgufi iziarebda. maTufro `Ziri~ ainteresebdaT da misi rev-oluciuri (`mesame dasi~) Tu ararev-oluciuri (xalxosnebis `xalxSi gasv-la~) gardaqmnisTvis iRvwodnen. zogjergadaWarbebiTac ki afasebdnen mecniere-bisa da xelovnebis rols sazogadoe-brivi cxovrebis gardaqmnaSi.

pirveli qarTuli literaturulidajgufeba, romelmac sruliad gacno-bierebulad dagmo gakvaluli gza,uaryo socialur-politikuri idealebi(erovnuli _ ara!) da `wminda xelovneb-is~ msaxureba da qarTuli mwerlobis`msoflios radiusiT~ gamarTva moiwadi-na, _ `cisferyanwelTa~ jgufi iyo.

sabWour òficialur~ kritikaSigabatonebuli mosazrebiT, `cisferyan-welTa~ jgufi oden negatiuri movlenaiyo, antixalxuri, idealisturi (anuùideo~), franguli da rusuli sim-bolizmis ususuri mibaZva, maTi dagvi-anebuli gamoZaxili. gansakuTrebulisimkveTriT unda Tqmuliyo, rom esjgufi ùniadagod~ aRmocenda!

arada, cisferi ordeni~ dRes gvesax-eba, rogorc sruliad kanonzomierireaqcia imdroindeli socialur-poli-tikuri viTarebisa da 10-iani wlebis Cix-Si momwyvdeuli qarTuli epigonuri mw-erlobis mimarT.

marTlacda, saqarTveloSi, 1905-1907wlebis revoluciis momdevno wlebSiruseTis damsjeli eqspediciebiTareSobdnen. ilias mkvlelobam gamous-worebeli laxvari Casca qarTuli sa-zogadoebis erovnul cnobierebas daerTianobas, saqarTvelos inteligenciagauTavebeli partiuli kinklaobiTdaqsaqsuliyo; literaturis sarbielzeZiriTadad epigonizmi, mimbaZvelobagamefebuliyo; male umagaliTo masSta-bis sasaklao _ pirveli msoflio omicdaiwyo.

aseTi viTareba swored rom noyieriniadagi gaxldaT ragindara modernis-

tuli Tu avangardistuli mimarTulebe-bis aRmocenebisaTvis.

sagangebo kvlevas saWiroebs kita aba-SiZis, arCil jorjaZis, grigol roba-qiZis filosofiur-esTetikuri naazre-vis udidesi zegavlena axalgazrdaqarTvel poetebze. maT, gadauWarbe-blad, gza gaukafes XX saukunis 10-ianiwlebis SemoqmedebiT novaciebs. gan-sakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia grigolrobaqiZis sajaro leqciebi, romelTacmniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvres `cis-feri ordenis~ Camoyalibeba.

dasavleT evropisa da ruseTis àxalpoezias~ ziarebul momaval cisferyan-welebs~ aerTianebda epigonuri poeziissiZulvili, uwinares yovlisa ki, brwyin-vale poeturi niWi da axlismaZieblisazarti, axali, auTvisebeli Temebisa daaxleburi formebisken ltolva.

e. w. `qarTuli simbolizmi~ anu `cis-feri ordeni~ 1915-1916 wlebis mijnazewarmoiSva. am droisTvis franguli sim-bolizmi ukve istoriis kuTvnilebad iyoqceuli, rusuli simbolizmi ki Tavisiarsebobis ukanasknel dReebs iTvlida.am skolaTa varskvlavebs elvareba dRem-dec ar daukargavT, maSin ki verlenis,malarmes, rembos, verharnisa da meter-linkis, balmontis, briusovis, belisa dablokis saxelebi salocav kerpebad gaex-adaT. garemoebac xom amasve uwyobdaxels.

istoriam dagvanaxa, rom simbolis-turi mimarTulebis damkvidrebas winuswrebda socialuri Tu kulturulikrizisi. frangul literaturaSi sim-bolizmi komunis damarcxebis SemdegCaisaxa; XIX saukunis 80-iani wlebisrusuli epigonuri literatura nadso-nis meTaurobiT rusuli simbolizmispioners valeri briusovs klasikuripoeziis krizisad esaxeboda. ueWveliaisic, rom 10-ian wlebSi damdablebulida daqveiTebuli iyo qarTuli kla-sikuri leqsi.

Znelia vilaparakoT e. w. `qarTulisimbolizmis~ mtkice da erTian ideur-esTetikur mrwamsze, mwyobr msoflmxed-velobaze. `cisferyanwelTa~ jgufmaufro novatorobisaken swrafviT, Sinau-ri intimiT, uangaro megobrobiT, orga-nizaciuli mTlianobiT da axalgazr-dobisaTvis niSandoblivi siTamamiT gan-

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imtkica mdgomareoba, vidre sim-bolizmisadmi erTgulebiT, dasabuTe-buli ideur-esTetikuri sistemiTa daSesabamisi poeturi produqciiT.

zemoTqmuli `cisferi ordenis~,rogorc srulyofili literaturuli`skolis~ sisusteze metyvelebs mxolodda sabWour literaturaTmcodneobaSifexmokidebul azrs misi uniadagobis daepigonizmis Sesaxeb safuZvlad ver gamo-adgeba. obieqturi pirobebi qarTulimodernistuli, avangardistuli Tu de-kadenturi literaturuli jgufis Seq-mnisaTvis namdvilad arsebobda: rev-oluciuri mZvinvarebis, reaqciis peri-odis represiebisa da pirveli msoflioomis dasawyisi iyo swored is niadagi,romelzedac SeeZlo aRmoceneba sworeddekadentur-simbolistur mimarTule-bas. amas daerTo is realuri safrTxec,rasac uqadda qarTul poezias sakuTarwvenSi duRili~, ufro Tanamedrovedrom vTqvaT, _ izolacionizmi daepigonizmi.

10-20-iani wlebis sxva qarTulisaliteraturo dajgufebani eqvsi, Svi-di, anda sulac 13 wlis dagvianebiTSeiqmna. miuxedavad `cisferi ordenis~mimarT politikuri Tu literaturul-esTetikuri `didi mterobisa~, isinididad iyvnen davalebulni cisferi or-denisagan~.

`cisferyanwelTa~ jgufi anu rogorcTviTon moixseniebdnen Tavs _ cisferiordeni~, 1915-1916 wlebis mijnazequTaisSi Seiqmna. jgufis saxelwodebamaT pirvel beWdur organos almanax`cisfer yanwebs~ ukavSirdeboda (I no-meri gamoica quTaisSi, 1916 wlis 28Tebervals, II _ iqve, amave wlis de-kemberSi, redaqtori _ paolo iaSvili).

sarbielze gamosvlisTanave jgufiavangardistuli skolebisaTvis damaxa-siaTebel TviTdamkvidrebas anu TviT-reklamas Seudga.

dasawyisisTvis maTi moqmedebis area-li sakmaod SezRuduli iyo: cisfer yan-webSi~ gamoqveynebul deklaraciebsa (pa-olo iaSvilis `pirvelTqma~, ticiantabiZis cisferi yanwebiT~) da mxatvru-li produqciis erT nawilSi, farTomkiTxvelma sazogadoebam, arcTu us-afuZvlod, uwinaresad, gamowveva da ax-algazrduli siTamame dainaxa, winapar-

Ta Rvawlis daufasebloba da uaryofa _mkrexelobad miiCnia. almanaxis gamosv-lam mTvlemare quTaisSi, rogorc am-bobdnen, mexis gavardnis efeqti iqonia;Tu imdroindeli quTaTuri sazogadoe-bis stagnacias~ gaviTvaliswinebT, es ariyo urigo saqme!

unda iTqvas, rom cisfer yanwebs~ im-TaviTve gamouCndnen mfarvelnic dadamfasebelnic, romelTac ganWvritesWabuk meamboxeTa SemoqmedebiTi poten-cialic da `dakanonebul~ literatu-rul normaTa `xelyofis~ mcdelobacdadebiT movlenad miiCnies. uwinaresyovlisa, eseni gaxldnen Rvawlmosili dagavleniani kita abaSiZe da `cisferyan-welTa~ ufrosi megobari da maestrogrigol robaqiZe.

1916 welsve `cisferyanwelTa~ gan-zraxva yovelkvireuli saliteraturogazeTis `cisferi yanwebis~ gamocemisaver ganxorcielda, radgan `qarTvelTaSoris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebelmasazogadoebam~ neba ar darTo am`gaurkveveli mimarTulebis~ jgufs es-argebla misi stambiT.

`cisferyanwelebma~ sajaro gamosv-lebs mimarTes; swored sajaro gamosv-lebma Teatrsa Tu kafeebSi moutana maTuecari popularobac da sazogadoebismozrdili nawilis mxardaWerac. Tumca,1916 welsve, axalgazrda poetTa mierdekadansisa saerTod da, kerZod, sim-bolizmis, agreTve, `wminda xelovnebi-sadmi~ xotbis aRvlenam, bohemurma gan-wyobilebebma, literaturuli `TamaSi-sa~ da poziorobisaken swrafvam, axal-gazrdulma epataJma, mkrexelurmagamonaTqvamebma qarTvel klasikosTamimarT _ odiozuri saxeli mouxveWajgufs. amasTan, SeumCneveli ar darCeni-la misi mxatvruli Rirsebani: novacieb-isadmi ltolva, qarTuli leqsis form-is srulyofisaken swrafva, axleburi,auTvisebeli Temebisa Tu saxeebis Semo-tana da damkvidreba. garTulebuli mx-atvruli azrovneba, dekadenturi ganw-yobilebani TiTqos istoriuli aucile-blobiTac~ iyo ganpirobebuli: ukve iTq-va, rom mimbaZvelebma CixSi moamwyvdiesqarTuli klasikuri leqsi.

1916 wlis damlevs, roca quTaisSi`cisferi yanwebis~ meore da ukanasknelinomeri gamovida, mas uwindeburi vneba-

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TaRelva da mZafri kritika aRar gamou-wvevia.

`cisferyanwelTa~ aRiarebisa da aR-mavlobis periodi iwyeba saqarTvelosdamoukideblobis periodSi, 1918 wl-idan. maSin dasavleT saqarTvelodandedaqalaqs moaSura qarTulma Semo-qmedebiTma inteligenciam. daiwyo,rogorc sergo kldiaSvili igonebda,`didi gadmosaxleba~ quTaisidan Tbi-lisSi. `cisferyanwelTa~ ZiriTadmabirTvmac TbilisSi daido saboloo bina.

didi warmatebiT Catarda maTi pirve-li saRamo TbilisSi, konservatoriisdid darbazSi. quTaisSic da TbilisSicdaistamba maTi Jurnal-gazeTebi. 20-ianiwlebis dasawyisSi maTi literaturuli`mtrebis~ aRiarebiTac ki, `cisferyan-welebs~ xelT epyraT hegemonobaqarTul poeziaSi.

`cisferyanwelTa~ beWdviT orga-noebs `cisferi ordenis~ ZiriTadibirTvi meurveobda. pirvel rigSi, raTqma unda, paolo iaSvilis, _ `cisferiyanwebis~ redaqtoris, jgufis aRiarebu-li moTavis organizatoruli niWi daSemoqmedebiTi siTamamea aRsaniSnavi.valerian gafrindaSvili xelmZRv-anelobda im droisaTvis erT-erTsaukeTeso Jurnal meocnebe niamorebs~(gamodioda 1919-1924 wlebSi, quTaissada TbilisSi); gazeT barrikads~ (Tbili-si, 1920, 1922, 1924 ww.) tician tabiZe re-daqtorobda; gazeT baxtrions~ (Tbili-si, 1922-1923 ww.) _ giorgi leoniZe,gazeT rubikons~ (Tbilisi, 1923 w.) sare-daqcio kolegia ganagebda. quTaisSidarCenilma sandro cirekiZem didigaWirvebiT, magram mainc daaarsa `cis-feryanwelTa~ gamomcemloba kirCxibi~,gamosca `axali mwerlobis anTologia~,valerian gafrindaSvilisa da kolau na-diraZis pirveli poeturi krebulebi,stefan malarmes leqsTa qarTuli Targ-manebi, sakuTari miniaturebis krebuli`mTvareulebi~, misive redaqtorobiTgamovida Jurnali `Svildosani~ (quTai-si, 1920 w.).

`cisferyanwelTa~ Jurnal-gazeTebSibevri iseTi avtoris gvari gvxvdeba,romelic `cisfer ordens~ organizaci-ulad ar ganekuTvneboda. paolo iaSvili1922 wels gazeT `barrikadSi~ aT `cis-feryanwels~ CamoTvlida: grigol roba-

qiZe, tician tabiZe, valerian gafrindaS-vili, kolau nadiraZe, sandro cirekiZe,ali arseniSvili, nikolo miwiSvili,giorgi leoniZe, Salva afxaiZe da paoloiaSvili. tician tabiZis TqmiT, `cisferordenSi~ 13 wevri iyo (`barrikadi~, 1924w.); 1924 wels paoloc am ricxvs imeoreb-da. `cisferyanwelebi~ iyvnen agreTvesergo kldiaSvili, raJden gvetaZe, Sal-va karmeli, ivane yifiani, leli ja-fariZe, gion saganeli da zogierTi sx-vac, magram jgufis moTavis paolo iaS-vilis mier 1922 wels dasaxelebuli aTipoeti uTuod suli da guli iyo `cis-feri ordenis~.

miuxedavad imisa, rom grigol roba-qiZes, mis saleqcio, Teoriul Tu mx-atvrul Semoqmedebas, _ didi wvlilimiuZRvis poetur novaciaTa danergvasada axalgazrda poetTaTvis gezis mice-masa da waxalisebaSi; miuxedavad imisa,rom paolo iaSvili aTi `cisferyanwe-lis~ nusxas grigol robaqiZiT iwyebda,xolo tician tabiZe camet mociqulTa~(anu jgufis wevrTa) Soris upirvelesad`modernizmis qadags~, maT ufros me-gobars da ideur STamagonebels asax-elebda, dRevandeli gagebiT, grigolrobaqiZe ufro `sapatio Tavmjdomare~gaxldaT cisferi ordenisa~ da ara erT-pirovnuli lideri, anda, Tundac rigi-Ti wevri!

ra Tqma unda, grigol robaqiZisgareSe, SeuZlebelia cisferi ordenis~srulyofili `jgufuri portretis~warmosaxva.

mas Semdeg, rac grigol robaqiZistabudadebuli saxeli mecnierul brun-vaSi~ moxvda, (80-iani wlebis meore nax-evridan), zogma kritikosma, Tavis drozesul bdRviri rom adina `faSist~ roba-qiZes, axla, medroveTa wesisamebr, `cis-feryanwelTa~ jgufis moTaved aRiaraigi. Tumca, sabuTianobis gareSe amgvargancxadebas ufro deklaraciuli elf-eri dahkravda da, amdenad, naklebadRirssacnobi iyo.

saqme is gaxlavT, rom grigol roba-qiZisa da `cisferi ordenis~ urTierT-mimarTeba, Tavad robaqiZem, 1916 welsveamcno sazogadoebas.

almanaxis pirvel nomerSi (garda man-ifestebisa: paolo iaSvilis `pirvelTq-ma~, tician tabiZis `cisferi yanwebiT~)

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dabeWdili iyo grigol robaqiZis, pao-lo iaSvilis, tician tabiZis, valeriangafrindaSvilis, leli jafariZis, ivaneyifianis leqsebi. galaktionis, iosebgriSaSvilis da niko lorTqifaniZis Tx-zulebaTa `saeWvo mimarTulebis~ alma-naxSi gamoqveyneba sazogadoebis erTmanawilma mtkivneulad aRiqva; sayveduricSehkadres maT, Tumca usafuZvlod: cis-feryanwelTa~ ricxvs isini ar miekuTvne-bodnen. sacnauria, rom am droisaTvisgalaktioni olia okujavas wers: sab-olood davSordiT erTmaneTs me, gaf-rindaSvili da iaSvilio.

axalgazrduli epataJiTa da, nebis-mieri xerxiT, `mexis gavardnis~ efeqtismoxdenis surviliT, ZiriTadad, paoloda ticiani iyvnen Sepyrobilni. sworedamitom, qarTuli kritika upiratesadpaolos `pirvelTqmis~, misive leqsebis(`paolo iaSvils momewyina yviTelidante~ da `darianuli~) da tician tabi-Zis vrceli werilis wregadasuli lanZR-viT kmayofildeboda.

almanaxis poeturi ganyofilebagrigol robaqiZis leqsiT `sirenas sim-ReriT~ iwyeboda. dRes Cvens yuradRebasufro miZRvna _ `T-d kita abaSiZes~ dawiTeli saRebaviT gamoyofili riTma ip-yrobs, vidre leqsis Rirsebani.

mniSvnelovania is garemoeba, romgrigol robaqiZes am droisaTvis udide-si popularoba hqonda mopovebulisaleqcio moRvaweobiT da filosofiur-esTetikuri Tu literaturul-kritiku-li werilebiT (ufro naklebad _ leqse-biT!). `cisferyanwelebs~, cotagaubraloebiT rom vTqvaT, saxelovanimaestro ufro esaWiroebodaT, vidrepoeti _ Tanamosagre.

tician tabiZem ase warmoaCina grigolrobaqiZe: `simbolizmi CvenSi Semoitanagrigol robaqiZem. robaqiZeze ar gama-rTlda saerTo debuleba, rom yovelnovators win eRobeba gaugebrobis ga-lavani. mas arafrad dajdomia ZvelRirebulebaTa gadafasebis kadniereba.

...grigol robaqiZes uTxres Tavisidasturi arCil jorjaZem da kita aba-SiZem. am ori pirovnebiT iwureba qarTu-li esTetikuri kultura grigol roba-qiZemdis~.

miuxedavad grigol robaqiZis erTgu-li Tanadgomisa da Wabuk cisferyanwel-

Ta~ didi Tayvaniscemisa mis mimarT, maTSoris garkveuli distancia sufevda.

Tbilisis gazeT saxalxo furcelSi~(1916 w., 1 aprili) mivakvlie grigolrobaqiZis werils, romelSic swored esdistanciaa moniSnuli: `am dReebSiquTaisSi gaimarTeba Cemi leqcia `cis-feri yanwebis~ Sesaxeb. bevrsa hgonia,TiTqos me marto `damcvelis~ rolSigamovdiode. es moklebulia simarTles.marTalia, me piradad `cisferi yanwebi~mniSvnelovan movlenad mimaCnia CvensliteraturaSi, magram isic marTalia,rom am almanaxis SedgenisaTvis saerToredaqcia ar yofila gamarTuli (yovelimaTgani iq mxolod Tavis nawarmoebis pa-suxismgebelia) _ da amisTvis iqgamoTqmuli principebi CemTvissavaldebulo ar aris da arc romelimemxatvruli nawarmoebia iq moTavsebuliCemTvis uTuod mosawoni: zogi principimisaRebia, _ zogi ara; zogi nawarmoebimosawonia, zogi ara. swored amisgasarkvevad vapireb leqciis wakiTxvasquTaisSi, roca `cisferi yanwebis~garSemo aseTi sazari atmosfero Seiqna.movaleca var, rogorc almanaxis monaw-ile, sajarod vTqva Cemi sityva...~

Tanac, grigol robaqiZe namdvilad ariyo erTaderTi, vinc mxars uWerda cis-feryanwelebs~ da cdilobda im sastikiarealis gaqarwylebas, Wabuki poetebirom moecva.

uzado pirovnuli Tu literaturu-li reputaciis mqone kita abaSiZem, jerquTaisis kafe-saCaieSi gamarTuli saja-ro gamosvlisas ixsna cisferyanwelebi~obstruqciisagan, SemdgomSi ki cnobiliwerili `gons modiT!~ gamoaqveyna.

`dauZinebeli Cemi mtrebi yvirian:kita abaSiZe `futuristia~, kita abaSiZe`futuristebs~ mfarvelobs da sxv.

...kita abaSiZe `futuristebs~ armfarvelobs imitom, rom ar icis, sadarian CvenSi `futuristebi~ am azrisevropuli mniSvnelobiT. Tu `cisferiyanwebis~ mwerlebze brZanebT, isiniTavisTavs simbolistebad Tvlian da ara`futuristebad~.

...is mimarTuleba, romelsac es mwer-lebi emsaxurebian da gamoxataven, mimaC-nia Cveni momavali literaturis erTfriad mniSvnelovan saZirkvlad.

es imas ki ar niSnavs, rom yvelaferi

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momwondes cisfer yanwebSi~! ara, ar mo-mwons...

Cemi mfarveloba mxolod imaSi gam-oixata, rom sazogadoebas vTxove im sa-bediswero saRamoze: `nu avigdebT am mw-erlebs abuCad, romelTac `cisfer yan-webSi~ miuRiaT monawileoba da romelT-agan zogierTs ukve sapatio saxeli aqvsmoxveWili CvenSi-meTqi. Zveli da axaliyovelTvis ibrZvis, axali ZneliSesaTvisebelia, magram cxovreba kimainc iTvisebs mas; mxolod yvelaferi kiar unda moviwonoT axalSi, moviwonoTis, rac mosawonia da dasagmobi ki davg-moT-Tqo~ (gaz. `Cveni megobari~, 1916 w., 15).

kita abaSiZe xumrobiT imasac SeniS-navda, futuristi~ ara var Tundac imisgamo, rom ormocdaxuTs gadavcildio.

grigol robaqiZe xom mravali wlismere emigraciaSi SeniSnavda, _ cisferiordenis~ meTauri arasodes vyofilvar,maTi ufrosi megobari viyavio.

maTi guliTadi, wrfel siyvarulsa dapativiscemaze dafuZnebuli urTierTo-ba grigol robaqiZis sazRvargareT was-vlamde gagrZelda. iyo wvrilmani gauge-brobebic, SemoqmedebiTi Tu piraduli,iyo `mimdinare politikuri momentiT~anu ZaladobiT ganpirobebuli sazareli`sajaro~ werilic, romelic `faSist~robaqiZisagan gamijnavda mis yofil Se-girdebs.

faqtobrivad ki, `modernizmis qada-gi~ grigol robaqiZe `cisferyanwelTa~maradiul kerpad darCa; ucxoeTSi gada-xvewili maestro, romelic kargad ic-nobda komunistebis xrikebs, mudam gan-sakuTrebuli tkiviliT, siTboTi da siy-varuliT ixsenebda paolos, ticiansa davalerian gafrindaSvils.

`cisferma ordenma~ ki kidev erTxeldaamtkica is uZvelesi WeSmariteba, romZala erTobaSia. jgufi TiTqmis aTiodewlis manZilze `hegemoni~ iyo (amas pro-letaruli mwerlebic ki aRiarebdnen);magram 1924 wlidan jgufi faqtobrivadinerciiTa da warsulis mogonebebiTcocxlobda. amaze sajarod ar saub-robdnen (arc SeiZleboda), magram ueWve-lia, rom jgufis arsebobam 1924 wlis am-boxebis usastikesi CaxSobis Semdeg mar-Tlac dakarga sayrdeni, is marTlac`uniadago~ da xelmocaruli (gadatani-

Ti mniSvnelobiT) aRmoCnda.Rirssacnobi iyo isic, rom sisxlian-

ma terorma paolo iaSvilis 20 wlis ZmaSeiwira; paolos umwvavesi Semoqmedebi-Ti krizisi daudga. SemdegSi sergo kl-diaSvili da Salva afxaiZe igonebdnen, _1924-25 wlebSi paolo winandeburadaRar iRvwoda `cisferi ordenis~ simt-kicisaTvis, jgufis faqtobrivi daSlacswored aman ganapirobao.

30-iani wlebis dasawyisSi jgufi iu-ridiuladac gauqmda; Sinaganma uTanx-moebam, dabneulobam da xifaTis molod-inmac iCina Tavi. `cisferi ordenis~wevrebi jer jgufis saxelwodebis Secv-lasa da, mavanT saameblad, literaturu-li Tu organizaciuli praqtikis gadas-injvas Seecadnen, magram amaod... es ukvejgufis sruli likvidaciis dasawyisiiyo. 1931 wels ali arseniSvilis mierdawerili dadgenileba `cisferi orde-nis~ TviTlikvidaciis Sesaxeb uCveulostiliT gamoirCa: gauqmebul iqnas cis-fer yanwelebis~ literaturuli jgufisarseboba, raTa sruli saSualeba miecesmis monawileebs, meti tempebiT ganagr-Zon Tavisi fsiqoideologiuri gardaqm-na damkvreli epoqis procesSi uSualodCabmisTvis~.

Tu rogor damTavrda sami `cisfery-anwelisTvis~ damkvreli epoqis proces-Si uSualod Cabma~, _ yvelas kargadmoexseneba: paolo iaSvili, tician tabi-Ze da nikolo miwiSvili 1937 wels emsx-verplnen, `cisferi ordeni~ ki gaqraliteraturis istoriidan. misi moxse-nieba mxolod uaryofiT konteqstSi Tumoxerxdeboda.

dResdReobiT gacxadebulia `cis-feri ordenis~ dadebiTi roli XX sauku-nis qarTuli poeziis ganviTarebaSi.Tavis droze siaxles mowyurebuli cis-feryanwelebi~ cdilobdnen qarTulipoeziis kuTvnilebad eqciaT msofliose. w. `axal poeziaSi~ gabneuli saxeebi;zogi maTgani `gadmoqarTulda~ da or-ganulad Seerwya qarTul poezias, zogiki miviwyebam moicva. maTi Tanamedrovekritika (keTilmosurne da obieqturi,zogjer ki mtrulad ganwyobilic ki) sa-Tanadod afasebda jgufis rols im-droindeli `duRilisa da dawmendis~,`formisa da qaosis brZolis~ procesSi.

TavianTi `movlenis~ pirvel wlebSi

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`cisferyanwelebi~ simbolizmis erT-gulebas ficulobdnen. SemdegSi, rocamaT ukve daipyres qarTuli poeziis par-nasi, _ saocari gulmaviwyoba dasCem-daT: maT mxatvrul SemoqmedebaSi (ig-ulisxmeba jgufis Semoqmedeba mTli-anad da ara zogierTi calkeuli poeti-sa) ufro xSirad ugulebelyofilia sim-bolizmis dogmati, vidre daculi; maTsTeoriul werilebSi simbolizmis metre-bi Tumca didi aRfrTovanebiT ixsenie-bian, TviT literaturuli mimdinareo-bisadmi erTguleba aRar Cans.

jgufis skrupulozuri kvleva mig-vaniSnebs, rom `cisferi ordenis~`qarTul simbolizmTan~ gaigiveba araris marTebuli. misi ekleqtizmi (gada-xra futurizmisa Tu dadaizmisaken),Tanmimdevruli ideur-esTetikurisistemis uqonloba da urTierTgamom-ricxav, zogjer simbolizmis sawinaaRm-dego mosazrebaTa siuxve gvaZlevs mt-kice safuZvels imisaTvis, rom `qarTu-li simbolizmi~ mxolod pirobiT termi-nad miviCnioT.

`qarTuli simbolizmis~ pirobiT ter-minad aRiareba odnavadac ar amcirebs`cisferyanwelTa~ Zalumad gamorCeul,mkvidrad Sekrul da Zlier dajgufebas.es iyo precedenti qarTul literatur-aSi, roca axlismaZiebelma poeturma ni-Wma, gacnobierebulma orientaciam, in-teresTa Tanxvedram, Sinaurma intimma damegobrobam Seqmna jgufi da aseT simaR-leze azida kidec.

`cisferi ordenis~ ekleqtikuroba,erTi mxriT, am jgufis, rogorc liter-aturuli skolis sisustes moaswavebda,meore mxriT ki, misi TavidaTavi mizni-saTvis _ qarTuli poeziis novacii-saTvis farTo gasaqans iZleoda. `cis-feryanwelebma~ simbolizms mimarTes,rameTu saqarTveloSi mSobliuri poezi-is `msoflio radiusiT gammarTveli~Zala ar egulebodaT; xolo roca poet-uri warmosaxvis ganaxlebisaTvis ru-duneba ver moTavsda simbolizmis artax-ebSi, arc simbolisturi dogmebis rRve-vas moridebian.

aseTi iyo `cisferi ordeni~. winaaRm-degobrivi, ucxouri moduri `izmebis~mimdevari, erTi mxriv, da, _ mSobliurimwerlobis wrfeli moamage, misi winsv-lis mosurne, qarTuli poeziis ganax-

lebisaTvis jvarosnuli laSqrobismewinave.

mainc ra xibli hqonda, an ra danaSau-li~ miuZRvoda `cisfer ordens~, alma-naxis pirveli nomris gamosvlisTanaveuzomo popularoba (pozitiuric danegatiuric) rom moipova da dRemde leg-endis saburvelSi rom moaRwia?

Tavis droze, mTvlemare quTaisi Sea-zanzara paolo iaSvilis `pirvelTqmis~sityvebma: `vcocxlobT simTvraleSi dagvwams yovelgvari orgia... vadidebT dam-sxvrevis mSvenierebas... uarvyofT war-suls~...

`pirvelTqmis~ avtori, axalgazrdamgosanTa saxeliT, qarTvel xalxs mima-rTavda: qarTul poezias daepatronensacodavi momRerlebi avadmyofi Cange-biT, yviTeli maswavleblebi RmerTisqadagebis da patiosnebisa, saqarTvelosusxivo xalxma siTamamis mSveneba dakar-ga da xelovnebis meufebas ganudga; ma-gram ocnebadakargul xalxs moevlinenukvdavi Zmebi, axalgazrda mgosnebi,romelTac brZola gamoucxades uwmind-esi xelovnebis mtrebs, daviwyebis zRva-Si gadaisroles warsulis oqros gvir-gvinebis Zvirfasi margalitebi, cecxlsmisces yvelaferi, rac warsulma ganadi-da; samagierod ki qarTvel xalxs aRu-Tqves ganaxleba, naTeli momavali:`saqarTvelos landur arsebas movevli-neT Cven axali sxivmosilebiT da ocne-badakargul xalxs vaswavliT gawmendilgzas momavlis cisfer taZrisken~.

paolo iaSvili pirdapir miuTiTebda`ganaxlebis mgosanTa~ Zmebze _ frangpoetebze: `saqarTvelos Semdeg uwmind-esi qveyana aris parizi... sadac giJurigatacebiT jambazoben Cveni loTi Zmebi_ verleni da bodleri, malarme, sityve-bis mesaidumle da artur rimbo, siamay-iT mTvrali, dawyevlili Wabuki~.

`pirvelTqmaSi~ simbolistur Teori-aTa gamoZaxilic gvxvdeba: simbolizmiSemecnebis or gzas aRiarebs: logikurs,romelic garegan movlenebs awesrigebsda intuiciurs, romelic samyaros arsswvdeba. simbolizmi aRiarebs intuiciisprimats logikaze da poezias anu intui-ciuri Semecnebis erT-erT saxeobas sam-yaros umaRles, sinTezur SemecnebadmiiCnevs. amitom yvelam unda aRiarospoeziis, xelovnebis qveSevrdomoba:

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`pirvelTqma Cveni aris Sxamuri, igiaduRebuli foladiviT daswvavs Tqvensguls, uwmindesi xelovnebis mterno,Tqven, visac ara gwamT xelovnebis mefo-ba da misi maRali taxtis winaSe ar aRi-arebT samudamo qveSevrdomobas~. paoloiaSvili imasac dasZens, rom ganaxlebismgosanTa `poezia gamTbaria maxvili in-tuiciis alurobiT~.

verlenma saprogramo leqsSi `poet-uri xelovneba~ moiTxova `musikalur~,Tundac gaugebar sityvaTa xmareba poe-ziaSi. amis gamoZaxils vxvdebiT`pirvelTqmaSic~: `Cven gvsurs SevqmnaTgaugebari da saocari sityvebi...~

Jan moreasis `simbolizmis manifest-Si~ erTgan vkiTxulobT: `simbolizmsesaWiroeba ena Tamami Semoqmedisa,romelic iseve zustad isvris mizanSisityvas, viTarca Trakieli mSvildosne-bi frTosan isrebs~. SevadaroT`pirvelTqmis~ fragments: `Cven va-didebT sityvas axals, mkacrs da iseTgabeduls, rogorc mefuri xelis gafre-na gagiJebul diriJorisa~.

cxadia, paolo iaSvili kargad icnob-da simbolizmis Teoriul wanamZRvrebs,magram igi, uwinares yovlisa, `cisferiordenis~ upirvelesi `mTavarsardali~iyo, xolo rogorc Teoriuli, ise Semo-qmedebiTi brZolis umTavresi simZimetician tabiZesa da valerian gafrindaS-vils daawva mxrebze~ (Salva afxaiZe).

swored tician tabiZis werilSi cis-feri yanwebiT~ (`cisferi yanwebi~, 1, 2)vxvdebiT cdas, _ gaamarTlos sim-bolizmis movlena saqarTveloSi, sadac`batoni Sabloni dRes malayias gadadisCvens literaturaSi. igi mravalsaxiania,mravalfexiani da koSmariviT awevsqarTul sinamdviles... Tumca sim-bolizmi... klasikur Skolad iqca daerTi TvaliT uyurebs kidec Tavissaflavs, ...CvenSi simbolizms Ramec argauTevia, mxolod axla iwyeba xazebisgaxsna, mxolod dRes xdeba es Sejgufe-ba~ (niSandoblivi faqtia, rom axalgazr-da avtoris es ukanaskneli mosazrebaewinaaRmdegeba kita abaSiZisa Tugrigol robaqiZis Tvalsazriss qarTu-li simbolizmis genezisis Taobaze).

simbolizmis cnebis gansazRvrisastician tabiZe remi de gurmonis sityvebsiSveliebda: `simbolizms axasiaTebs: in-

dividualizmi, Semoqmedebis Tavisu-fleba, daswavlili formulebis uaryo-fa, ltolva yovelive araCveulebriv-isadmi, ucnaurobisadmic ki...~

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Jurnal cisferyanwebs~ ori manifesti hqonda:`pirvelTqma~ da cisferi yanwebiT~. Sem-degSi daibeWda grigol robaqiZisa davalerian gafrindaSvilis erTob Rirs-sacnobi literaturul-esTetikuriwerilebi, romelTac cisferi ordenis~gezi gansazRvres; magram zemoxsenebulor manifests mainc sxva efeqti gaaCnda.

am droisaTvis sazogadoeba kargadicnobda rusi futuristebis Semoqmede-bas: 1911 da 1914 wlebSi saqarTveloSigaimarTa egofuturist igor severiani-nis (cnobil simbolist Teodor so-logubTan erTad), Semdeg ki kubofu-turistebis maiakovskis, david burli-ukisa da vasili kamenskis literaturu-li saRamoebi. 1914 wels ruseTSi gamoicawigni italiuri futurizmis manifeste-bi~, romlis fragmentebi qarTul presa-Sic gamoqveynda.

am meamboxe poetebs arafrad uRir-daT `sazogadoebis gemovnebisaTvis si-lis gawna~. `cisferyanwelTa~ gamosv-lebSic kritikosebma, uwinares yovlisa,es tendencia SeniSnes da saswrafod fu-turizmis iarliyiT Seamkes axali mima-rTuleba, Tumca tician tabiZem weril-Si `cisferi yanwebiT~ mkafiod daaraorazrovnad gamoacxada qarTulisimbolizmis `movlena~.

kritikosTa umetesi nawilis amgvardabneulobas xeli imanac Seuwyo, rompaolo iaSvilis pirvelTqmaSi~ aRmoCn-da bevri ram saerTo italiuri futur-izmis manifestebTan. erTma kritikosma,arcTu usafuZvlod, pirvelTqmas~ sim-bolisturi marTlweris mixedviT Ses-worebuli marineti~ uwoda.

aRsaniSnavia isic, rom tician tabiZezemoxsenebul werilSi _ `cisferi yan-webiT~ _ simbolizmisa da futurizmisdapirispirebas ar axdenda da zogjerTavis mosazrebaTa gansamtkicebladfuturizmis avtoritetsac ki iSvelie-bda. mag: `axali futuristebis termi-nologiiT Tanamedrove kultura war-moadgens uzarmazar qalaqs...~ an kidev:`momaval did qarTvel mxatvarSi undaSexvdes rusTaveli da malarme. rusTave-

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li me mesmis rogorc qarTuli sityvisSemkrebi erTeuli da malarme amaveazriT evropis prezentizmis da futur-izmis~. am frazaSi futurizmi gaazrebu-lia rogorc `momavlis xelovneba~, e. i.sityvis pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT da ararogorc literaturuli mimarTuleba,romelic maSin saqarTveloSi ar arse-bobda da axlad fexadgmul simbolizmsmetoqedac ar esaxeboda.

`pirvelTqmisa~ da zemoxsenebuliìtaliuri futurizmis manifestebis~Sepirispirebisas marTlac SeiniSnebaTanxvdeniloba, romelic SeuZlebeliaSemTxveviTi iyos.

paolo iaSvili, cxadia, kargad icnob-da futurizmis manifestebs; marinetismanifests, romelic 1909 wels parizisgazeT figaroSi~ gamoqveynda, is pariz-Sive gaecnoboda. cisferi ordenis~ mo-Taves piradi nacnoboba hqonda igorseverianinTan da vladimer maiakovski-sTanac.

upirvelesi, rac ganasxvavebs`pirvelTqmas~ aramcTu futurizmis,aramed simbolistur skolaTa saprogra-mo manifestebisagan, _ esaa samSoblossiyvaruli, saqarTvelos ganaxlebisa dawinsvlis dauokebeli survili:

`saqarTvelos firuz xelebs gadav-eciT CveniT aRsareba, Cveni wmindapirvelTqma.

...mofrinda survili oqros frTebiTda aitaca Cveni simRera, romelic am-ieridan iqneba maradi, ise rogorc Cveniqveyana. saqarTvelos xalxo, daviwyebu-lo, magram didebiT dagvirgvinebis Rir-so!

...udidesi Tviseba arsebobisa arissiamaye _ amaRldes eri Cveni da TviT-SeyvarebiT aocebdes qveynierebas~...

saprogramo xasiaTisaa `cisferi yan-webis~ usaTauro leqsic, romelSicklasikuri xelovnebis uarmyofi poetisakmaod realisturad gadmogvcemda`simbolisturi kabadonis~ erT-erTTeziss:

paolo iaSvils momewyina yviTeli dante,

vaqebdi Seqspirs, magram farda,Seqspirs uari,

ra vqna, rom CemTvis beTxovenimxolod yru ari

da rom warsulma ver gadmomcame andamati...

paolom esec ar ikmara da, Tavisi ero-tikuli leqsebisaTvis meti simZafrerom mieca, literaturul mistifikaciasmimarTa: èlene darianis~ saxels amoe-fara. maSin am ararsebuli pirovnebisarsebobaSi eWvic ki aravis Sehparvia.cxadia, quTaislebi Tanabrad aRaSfoTa`pirvelTqmam~, zemoxsenebulma leqsmada, gansakuTrebiT, `qarTveli qalis~ùrcxvma~ leqsebma. amitom swored pa-olom iwvnia cisferi ordenis~ winaaRm-deg mimarTuli Semotevebis mTeli simZ-ime, tician tabiZisa da valerian gafrin-daSvilis saprogramo werilebi Tuleqsebi ki SedarebiT CrdilSi aRmoCnda.

`cisferyanwelebma~ sawadels miaR-wies: almanaxma umal miipyro qarTulipresis yuradReba. gazeTi `Cveni me-gobari~ iuwyeboda: ès erTi xania,quTaisSi `Subebs amtvreven~ `cisferiyanwebis~ garSemo... moxucma Tu xanSi Se-sulma, axalgazrdam Tu ususurma,dakarges sulis simSvide da quTaisSiomia, quCaSi gamarTuli omi...~

gasaocaria, magram faqtia, rom `cis-feryanwelebs~ uCveulo popularobamouxveWa swored imdroindeli presisgauTavebelma da wregadasulma gamox-domebma.

`cisferi yanwebis~ meore da uka-naskneli nomris gamosvlisas ukve Ser-bilda is mtruli garemocva, romelicskandalur saxels uxveWda jgufs;amasTan, SeumCneveli ar darCenilajgufis dadebiTi roli qarTuli leqsisganaxlebisaTvis. evropuli orientaciapoeziaSi, Serwymuli mSobliuri mwer-lobis winsvlis dauokebel JinTan _sruliad misaRebi aRmoCnda. cisferyan-welTa~ sxva perioduli organoebiwinaaRmdegobas aRar awydebodnen; miTumetes, rom maTi epataJuri tonicmkveTrad Serbilda.

`cisferi ordeni~ is-is iyo mkvidrde-boda, rom tician tabiZem werilSi _`cisferi yanwebiT~ uaryo idealizmisgafetiSeba: `cisferi~ feria romantiz-mis... filosofiurma idealizmma imaSinaxa gamosavali. saqarTveloSi `cisferyvavils~ Rero wiTeli qonda. qarTvel-ebisaTvis ca da miwa samudamod arasodes

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ar gayrilan... gulgrilad vucqerT ax-lac materializmis da idealizmis du-els... CvenSi ukve Serigdnen suli da xor-ci~.

tician tabiZem idealizms WeSmaritiqarTuli msoflmxedveloba~ anu ideal-izmisa da materializmis nazavi daupir-ispira.

axladmovlenilma qarTvelma sim-bolistebma frangul simbolizms miapy-res mzera; maTi maestro grigol roba-qiZec xom didad afasebda axali frangu-li poeziis korifeebs. tician tabiZemoiTxovda, momaval did qarTvel mxat-varSi unda Sexvdes rusTaveli da ma-larmeo~ da bodleris `borotyvavilebs~ rgavda besikis baRSi(`qaldeas qalaqebi~):

gafizis vardi me prudomisCavde vazaSi,besikis baRSi vrgav bodlerisborot yvavilebs...an kidev:...da me xandaxan meCveneba,viTom samyaro,baRia didi, dawyevlilida Sxamiani.mZime mxedarni, SublSekrulida uabjaromohqrian: rembo, eredia,emil verharni...

(ùabjaroni~, 1916)

paolo iaSvili, romelmac triptiqi_ sami soneti uZRvna frang poetebs (`ma-larme~, `verlen~, `verharn~) acxadebda:`verleni, bodler da malarme, am sameba-Si me yvela miyvarso~...

niSandoblivia valerian gafrindaS-vilis Ìnterieur _ pirveli~ (1916 w.):

avanTeb sanTels vrubelis winmoTenTil xeliT,

gadavSli bodlers, gadvikiTxav mis `martoobas~,

metyvian landni, ucxo landni: ìsev mogeliT,

SemogvierTdiT axlobelo, gicxadebT Zmobas~.

...avaxel Tvalebs da gahqreba landTa Rrubeli,

Cems win bodleri, gadaSlili viT saxareba;

giJur TvalebiT Semomxedavs Cemi vrubeli,sinamdvileSi dabruneba damezareba...

àxlobloba~, `Zmoba~ _ giorgi le-oniZesTan kidev ufro Rrmavdeba: àr-tur rembosTan borot tyupad Caxute-buli, madgamen gvirgvins Teimuraz daWavWavaZe~ (àvtoportreti~).

`cisferyanwelebs~ poeziaSi frangu-li orientacia mSobliuri mwerlobisRalatad ar esaxebodaT: `simbolizmiCvenSi rom ucxoeTidan modis, amaSiaraferi safrTxe ar ari. Cven viciT, romistoriul droSi saqarTvelo imyofebo-da bevri sxva da sxva kulturis gavle-nis qveS. bevri gadmouRia imas berZnul,arabul, sparsul kulturis, bevri imaT-Tvisac gautanebia. amas araferi dauS-lia rusTavelisaTvis Seeqmna `vefx-istyaosani~. ...roca xalxi iRebs sxvisganrames, imas Tavis brZmedSi atarebs. na-cionaluri apercefciis ZaliT eriiTvisebs imas, rac mis erovnul Tavise-burebas egueba, rasac imasTan axlobelikavSiri aqvs~, _ werda tician tabiZe.

Salva afxaiZis mosazrebiT, `marTa-lia, simbolizmi rogorc Skola dasav-leTidan movida CvenSi, magram misumaRles ganviTarebisaTvis arsad araris niadagi mzaT ise, rogorc CvenSi. aqukve gaJRenTilia haeri simboliuriSemoqmedebis elementebiT; aRmosavle-Tis Tvaluwvdeni misticizmi, haerSigafantuli saxeebi, sparseTidan motani-li ferebi da metyveli xmebi~ (`meocnebeniamorebi~, 1919 w.).

evropuli orientaciis miRebiT cis-feryanwelebi~ fiqrobdnen bolo mo-eRoT mSobliuri literaturis CamorCe-nilobisaTvis, moespoT misi `SinCaketi-loba da sakuTar wvenSi duRili~, maTifiqri `poeziis msoflios aresaken~ iyomimarTuli. cisferyanwelTa~ pativmoy-varuli, imavdroulad, Rrmad patriot-uli swrafva _ qarTuli poeziis msof-lio sarbielze gayvanisa _ qarTulikulturis gamarjvebasac moaswavebdauTuod: poezia, _ ayvanili etnografi-idan da erovnul provincializmidanuniversalur formamde ufro amagrebserovnul xerxemals da amarTlebsersac~, _ vkiTxulobT `barrikadSi~(1922 w.).

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isic unda iTqvas, rom momavali `cis-feryanwelebi~ axal poezias umTavresadruseTSi (valerian gafrindaSvili, ti-cian tabiZe, Salva afxaiZe, sandro cir-ekiZe...) da safrangeTSi (paolo iaSvili)eziarnen, Tumca im droisaTvis 10-ianwlebis evropaSi simbolizmma ukve daT-mo pozicia da aris garkveuli kanonzom-iereba masSi, rom qarTvel poetTa mniS-vnelovani jgufi gaitaca ara futur-izmma, dadaizmma an akmeizmma Tu ima-Jinizmma, aramed swored dromoWmulma~simbolisturma mimarTulebam.

`cisferyanwelTa~ qedmoxra dasav-luri axali poeziis mimarT ar niSnavda`monur mibaZvas~ yovelive ucxourisad-mi, mSobliuri qveynis sazianod. piriqiT,_ maTi saboloo mizani iyo qarTuli mw-erlobis winsvla evropuli poeziissiaxleTa aTvisebis gziT, misi gamarTva`msoflio radiusiT~.

`aSkaraa wina aziaSi evropa SemoaRebskarebs da am dros Cven unda davxvdeTSeWurvili erovnuli SemecnebiT,erovnuli kulturis yvela folaqebSek-ruli, rom iyos mTavari morgvi,romelzedac moexveva axali ideebi~, _werda tician tabiZe 1916 wels (`cisferiyanwebi~, 2).

paolo iaSvilis azriT ki, _ `udide-si mizani da ocneba qarTveli poetisunda iyos, rom man, savsem da damZimebul-ma eris yvela xmebiT da istoriis rain-duli epopeebiT, gaagonos mTel qvey-nierebas yuris mglejeli Rriali~ (`bax-trioni~, 1922 w.) `cisferyanwelebma~Taviseburad gardasaxes nicSeanuri me-sianizmi: `dRes iwyeba Zirianad SecvlaqarTuli azrovnebis, ...damonebulisuli ubrundeba Tavis Zvel budes. ram-denadac gaizrdeba erovnuli Segneba,imdenad Cven vuaxlovdebiT warsuls dainakvTeba qarTuli idea. ...saqarTveloserovnuli aRdgoma unda iqnes aRdgomalomis Zveli qarTuli ideiT~ (ticiantabiZe, `cisferi yanwebiT~, 1916 w.). me-sianuri suliskveTebaa gamJRavnebuligiorgi leoniZis qarTul mesianizmSic~:`Wangianma kavkasiam aRar gagviSva damigvalursma CaxeTqil qedebs, maSin CvendavirqviT amirani da revanSisaTvis Sevq-meniT titanuri energia~ (`baxtrioni~,1922 w.).

yvelaze orTodoqs simbolistad sax-

eldebuli valerian gafrindaSviliiziarebda nicSes alogizms; qarTul mw-erlobaSi eZiebda or sawyiss _apolonurs da dionisurs da askvnida:`kosmosis zedapiri naTelia da mSve-nieria. arian poetebi, rogorc puSkini,rusTaveli, romelnic gviCveneben amzedapirs, gvabrmaveben sxivebiT da six-aruliT aTrToleben Cvens cqeras. esaris poeziis apolonuri saxe. ...kosmosisWeSmariti safuZveli, misi maradidasawyisi aris usaxuri da maxinji qao-si, romelic imaleba msoflio yofnissiRrmeSi. es aris poeziis dionisurisaxe. _ ...dRevandeli poezia aris poeziaqaosis, radgan qaoturia TviT sazoga-doebrivi cxovreba... poetis daniSnule-ba imaSia, rom SeaduRos Tavis pirovneba-Si ori stiqia. ...Tanamedrove qarTulipoezia yanwelebis saxiT aRrmavebs TavisSinaarss da formas, is midis qaosis wyv-diadSi, magram zurgi gamagrebuli aqvsrusTaveliT~.

Jan moreasi gansakuTrebul yura-dRebas aniWebda sityvas poeziaSi; igi`zust sityvas~ moiTxovda. rusi sim-bolistebi, potebnias kvalobaze, aRi-arebdnen mWidro kavSirs sityvis garegangarssa da mis mniSvnelobas Soris da si-tyvis magiurobazec migvaniSnebdnen.

paolo iaSvilis `pirvelTqmaSi~`gaugebari da saocari sityvebis~ Seqm-nis moTxovna swored sityvis magiuriZalis aRiarebas moaswavebda. grigolrobaqiZem `sityvis magias~ amave saxel-wodebis statia miuZRvna: qurumebi Zve-lad ori eniT metyvelebdnen: CveuliTda uCveuloTi. uCveulo sityva mxolodSewirulebma icodnen. am sityvas hqondamagiuri Zala~ (`meocnebe niamorebi~,1922 w.).

`cisferyanwelebi~ dasavluri urban-izmis apologetebad da qarTul sinamd-vileSi mis erT-erT pionerebadacmogvevlinen: `pirvelTqmis~ avtorimoiTxovda: `Cven gvinda, rom saqarTve-lo gadaiqces usazRvro, meocnebeqalaqad, sadac cocxali quCebis xmauro-ba Sescvlis yvavilovani velebis zur-muxtobas~ ...tician tabiZes simbolizmi`qalaqis RviZl Svilad~ miaCnda.

`cisferi yanwebis~ meore nomerSidaibeWda pirveli urbanistuli leqsebi_ paolo iaSvilis `farSevangebi qalaq-

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Si~ da kolau nadiraZis àvzniani qala-qi~.

simbolistebma poezia qurumTa qmede-bas gauTanabres, mogvis qmedebis sanacv-lod, isini garemoebis Sesafer niRbeb-sac irgebdnen: farTo gasaqani mieca cx-ovrebis Teatralizacias~.

amis gamoZaxilia tician tabiZis`niRabis apologia~: `qarTvel xalxSicxovrobs ukvdavi aqtioruli suli. imasunda mudam sxva iyos, imas uyvars Tea-tralizacia cxovrebis. ...qarTvel xalxsuyvars niRabi, simbolizmi sworedfilosofiaa am niRbis da amitom sim-bolizmi CvenSi aucilebelia~.

simbolizmis dogmatis erTguleba`cisferyanwelebs~ klasikurisa saer-Tod, da, kerZod, warsulis qarTuli mw-erlobis ùaryofasac~ avalebda. maTdamokidebulebas winamorbedebisadmiSeiZleba epigrafad waruZRves ticiantabiZis sityvebi:

Zvel poezias kadnierad vaxuravT Calmas,

magram savsea siyvaruliT Tvalis upebi...

`cisferyanwelTa~ mier winaparTaRvawlis uaryofaSi uTuod aris artis-tuli poziorobis, niRabis siyvarulismomenti; Tumca nicSes `paroli~ _`sikvdili ganaxlebaa~ _ maTTvis mis-aRebi iyo.

gavixsenoT galaktionis sityvebic`galaktion tabiZis Jurnalis~ manifes-tidan: àmieridan qarTuli xelovnebisdevizia: ganaxleba an sikvdili~ (1922 w.).

warsulis moRvaweTa uaryofa pirve-lad tician tabiZis werilSi `cisferiyanwebiT~ gamovlinda.

60-iani wlebis TaobaTa brZola ti-cian tabiZes warmoudgeba rogorc `Zve-li qarTulis da axali ruseTis ideol-ogebis~ paeqroba, roca qarTuli poezi-is yvavils dauwyes Secvla rusul xor-blad, ...mwerloba gaixades samitingozalad da poezia gazeTad...~ avtorma,Tumca dagmo iliasa da akakis Sexedule-ba poeziis Sesaxeb, maxvilis mTeli si-Zliere maTi epigonebisadmi mimarTa:àkakis da ilias is upiratesoba hqondaT,rom moqalaqeobriv motivebSi xandisxannaxulobdnen namdvil poezias, Semdeg

maTma Skolam miiRo karikaturuli saxe~.`saqarTvelos panTeonSi axali marTa-

li arSiniT unda gaizomos yvela piedes-tali, gadafasdes yvela Rirebulebao~_ acxadebdnen cisferyanwelebi~ (`bar-rikadi~, 1924 w.).

rusTavelis àmpartavani saxeli~(valerian gafrindaSvilis sityvebia), raTqma unda, SeubRalavi datoves: `rus-Tavelma gaimarjva samudamod: warsul-Si, awmyoSi da momavalSi. ra aris aqmizezi gamarjvebis?... idealuri forma,Rrma Sinaarsi, poemis universaloba daamave dros erovnuli xasiaTi... an kidev:`poetika rusTavelis ...win uswrebsevropis ideas xelovnebis TviTmizno-bis~ (ix. `rubikoni~, 1923 w. `barrikadi~,1922 w.).

socialuri sakiTxiT dainteresebas`wminda xelovnebis~ momxre cisferyan-welebi~ `samocianelTa~ did `codvad~Tvlidnen: `WeSmaritad mesaflave iyome-19 saukune saqarTveloSi. poli-tikuri nervebis sabediswero daWimvam...esTetikuri kultura gaaqro~, _ werdasandro cirekiZe (`barrikadi~, 1920 w.).maTi azriT, Secda ilia, romelmac `sam-udamod dawyevla `frinveli garegani~da tkbili xmebi~, akaki, romelmac gare-moebis sayviriT~ Zalian bevri iyvira~(`cisferi yanwebi~, 2).

epigonuri poeziis ZiriTadi wyaroakakis poezia iyo; albaT amitomac, cis-feryanwelTa~ mexic ZiriTadad mas daa-tyda: `saidumlo baraTs Cveni saukuneaRar upasuxebs da aRmarT-aRmarTsiaruli ise neli iyo, rom mwervalamdisver miaRwia~ (`baxtrioni~, 1922 w.); akakiviTomcda `zerele aRmafreniT~ gadio-da fons; ìlias poezias mainc aqvs kul-tura, ...roca akaki wereTeli moklebu-lia literaturasac ki~... (`baxtrioni~,1922 w.).

qedmoxra akakis poeziis winaSe daprotesti misi epigonebis mimarT aSkar-ad gamosWvivis sandro cirekiZis si-tyvebSi: misma mowafeebma ver gaiges misiàRmarT-aRmarTi~ da `suliko~ da Tma-gaTeTrebulebi dRemdis leqsaven mim-dinare cxovrebis filosofias...~ (`meoc-nebe niamorebi~, 1921 w.).

`qarTvlis dedas~ ZuZuebi dauSrao~_ am sityvebis avtori paolo iliaspirovnebis mimarT mowiwebasac amJRav-

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nebda: ìlias uSvela didma Wkuam dagrandiozulma nebam, ara poetis saxel-ma misca mas naxevari saukunis diqtator-oba saqarTveloSi~ (`baxtrioni~, 1922 w.).`CvenTvis uxerxulia ilias brundeleqsebio~ _ werda giorgi leoniZe; iliaascdao `namdvili poeziis rkals~ _kvers ukravda ticiani.

paradoqsulia ilias poetobisùarmyofi~ cisferyanwelebis~ aRtace-ba ilias proziT: `prozaSi ilias gaaqvsXIX saukunis saqarTvelo~ (giorgi le-oniZe), `qarTuli proza Seqmna iliam dadRemdis misi proza araa daZleuli~ (ti-cian tabiZe).

`cisferyanwelTa~ mier warsulis mw-erlobis uaryofas, xelovnurobisa dalitoni pozis elferi rom dahkravs,iqidanac cxaddeba, rom am sakiTxSi isi-ni sruliad araTanmimdevrulni iyvnen.

magaliTad, ticiani, romelic iliasda sxva `samocianelebs~ `WurSi jdomas~usayvedurebda, TviTonve savsebiTgamoricxavda am braldebas: ìlia Wav-WavaZem Tavisi devis xeliT sruliad ga-datexa es stili (igulisxmeba mokiTxviswerilebis~ stili, romelic TiTqosdamanamde arsebobda qarTul literatur-aSi _ l. a.) da Cven gvaqvs ukve analogiamwerlobis evropis masStabiT. ...CvenSirom gaCndnen dadaistebi, isinic veruaryofen, ilia WavWavaZis didi figurarom gamoakldes, mecxramete saukune ma-Sin iqneboda samudamod dabnelebuli~(`baxtrioni~, 1922 w.).

jgufma maleve `gadasinja~ Tavisidamokidebuleba XIX saukunis mwerlobismimarT; is xom meqanikurad gaemijnaqarTuli mwerlobis uwyvet mTlianobas:es hgavda im totis motexvas, romelzecTavad ijda... erTaderTi gamonaklisivaJa-fSavela iyo, romlis geniis dafase-bis prioriteti (imJamindeli kritikis-agan gansxvavebiT) grigol robaqiZes da`cisfer ordens~ ekuTvnis: `vaJamocemulia, rogorc mTa, rogorc mze,rogorc planeta, ...poetebi masgrZnoben, rogorc adamiani mzesa da Rm-erTs~ _ werda gazeTi `baxtrioni~,romelmac, paolo iaSvilis TqmiT, vaJasdidebuli kampania~ wamoiwyo.

20-iani wlebis dasawyisisaTvis `cis-feryanwelebma~ ZiriTadad uaryvesmkrexeluri gamoxdomebi qarTuli mwer-

lobis mimarT. axalgazrduli epataJi,efeqturi frazebiT Jonglioroba war-suls bardeboda.

`cisferyanwelTa~ gulisyuri jgu-fis arsebobis mTel manZilze negati-urad da pozitiuradac mudam qarTulimwerlobisken iyo mipyrobili. deviziT_ `sikvdili ganaxlebaa~ _ maT mcirexniT uaryves qarTuli mwerlobis mo-napovari, raTa evropuli poeziis uax-les miRwevaTa gamoxmaurebis Semdeg, kv-lav misken miemarTaT TvalTaxedva. akiwamoaZaxes kidec qarTvelma futur-istebma `cisferyanwelebs~ amgvari`feriscvaleba~: `xalxi, mosuli abso-luturi niRilizmiT literaturaSi,TandaTanobiT iCoqeben yoveli saxeliswinaSe Cveni Zveli mwerlobidan da dRessulxan-saba orbelianis, ilias da vaJasavtoritets ebRauWebiano~ _ werda be-sarion JRenti (gaz. `tribuna~, 1923 w.).

`cisferyanwelTa~ daxasiaTeba ariqneba sruli, Tu oriode sityviT arSevexeT maT bohemur ganwyobilebas. isi-ni gatacebulni iyvnen inglisuri `den-dizmiT~, frangi e. w. `dawyevlili poet-ebis~ zogjer marTlac dawyevlili cx-ovrebiT, rusi simbolistebis deviziT_ `Творите жизнь~. im drois sxvadasxvaerovnebis poetTa erTi saerToniSanTvisebac _ saocari, ucnaurobe-biT aRsavse mouwyobeli cxovreba, maTibohemuri miswrafebebi iyo.

samarcxvinoa poetisTvis sxva kariera

garda TviTmkvlelobis.ara msurs viyo viktor hiugo,

an akaki,me mirCevnia daviRupo,

rogorc bohema.samarcxvinoa poetisTvis

sxva kariera garda sigiJis.ara msurs viyo bednieri,

rogorc goete,me mirCevnia daviRupo

rogorc rollina.samarcxvinoa poetisTvis

sxva karieragarda Wleqisa,dRegrZel malarmes mirCevnia

isev laforgi,...me mejavreba poetisTvis

rame xeloba:

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misTvis viwame samudamoT es kariera,sigiJe, Wleqi, alkogoli da

TviTmkvleloba!..

_ vkiTxulobT valerian gafrindaS-vilis `bohemis monologSi~ (1922 w.).

me mesizmreba kafe òn arnasse~ _senati beber prostitutkebis.Senze ocnebas vervin momparavsda dResac RviniT daviTuTqebi....ar minda movkvde patriarqiviT,minda gaveqce saqarTvelos mzes,sadac, mSoblebo, daimarxeniT,dRes iq jambazis sina gaabes...(tician tabiZe, òcdasami aprili~,

1923 w.).

ha! kintos profili,saeWvo tarnebida davikuntebiqalaqis quCebSi me _ salaxana,

_ wers qalaqSi dakarguli `gaxele-buli~ Svili dedas (paolo iaSvili, wer-ili dedas~, 1916 w.).

...gagiJda... Semdeg gardaicvalapoeti paolo iaSvili...

poeziisTvis bevri iwvala,magram ar iyo misTvis saSveli(paolo iaSvili, usaTauro, 1918 w.).

es is droa, roca poezia da Rvinodaaxlovdnen; roca yvelaferi, rac uc-naurobis, siaxlis mimzidvelobas iyomoklebuli, moZvelebulad miaCndaT.dromoWmulad iTvleboda cxovrebismowesrigebuli, Cveulebrivi mdinare-bac.

`cisferyanwelTa~ istoria es arisoistoria bohemis _ werda tician tabiZe`meocnebe niamorebSi~ 1923 w.

poetebisa da Rvinis siaxloviTsaqarTveloSi albaT veravis gaakvirveb,Tumca TanamedroveT mainc eCoTirebo-daT cisferyanwelTa~ jgufuri~ bohe-muri miswrafebani. enamware kritikose-bi paolo iaSvils `cisferi yanwebis~Tamadas uwodebdnen (gaz. `komunisti~,1923 w.).

1923 wels daiwyo e. w. `miwasTan dab-runeba~; es lozungi Tavad valerian gaf-rindaSvilis gancxadebiT da aRiarebu-

li TvalsazrisiTac, yvelaze òrTo-doqs-simbolistad~ saxeldebul avtorsukavSirdeboda, Tumca aranakleb mniS-vnelovania grigol robaqiZis vrcelikritikuli werili _ `dabruneba mi-wasTan, rogorc kerZo baraTi...~

`cisferi ordeni~, romlis aqtiuri,jgufuri qmedeba, faqtobrivad, 1924wlidanve minavlda, _ veRar `daubrun-da miwas~... miwas daubrundnen~ calkeu-li `cisferyanwelebi~ _ tradiciulileqsebiT, romelTa umravlesoba tolsar udebda `Zvel leqsebs~, `carciT kiara, _ sisxliT rom werdnen~ (ticiantabiZe).

amaoa varaudi, rogori iqneboda cis-feri ordeni~, rom ara socialisturirealizmis adeptTa gamudmebuli mor-aluri Tu fizikuri wnexi: istorias ver`gadawer~. mravlismetyvelia Tavad isfaqti, rom cxoveli interesi pirvelinovatoruli literaturuli dajgufe-bis mimarT, dResac ki bevr siaxlesSesZens qarTvel poetTa axal Taobas.

dasasruls, minda ufro dawvrilebiTwarmovaCino erTi incidenti, jgufis ek-leqtikisadmi midrekilebas rom exeba:

XX saukunis 50-iani wlebis miwurulscisferyanwelTa reabilitacia maTi Tx-zulebebis gamocemiT dasrulda (raTqma unda, mkacri cenzuruli kupiure-biT), cisferi ordenis~ aRiarebuli mae-strosa da ufrosi megobris grigolrobaqiZis saxeli 80-iani wlebis meorenaxevramde kvlav tabudadebuli iyo.aseTma viTarebam ganapiroba xarvezi,rac amJamadac sacnauria. grigol roba-qiZisa da cisferyanwelTa Semoqmedebi-Ti da pirovnuli urTierTmimarTebisamomwuravi, safuZvliani da mraval-mxrivi kvleva dRemde ar ganxorciele-bula, Tumca 10-20-iani wlebis presaSicda axal naSromebSic bevri ram aris gab-neuli da mosaZiebeli.

monografiuli narkvevi, romeliccisferyanwelTa da grigol robaqiZisurTierTobis mraval aspeqts war-moaCens, ase mesaxeba: robaqiZis saleqciomoRvaweobis mentaluri zegavlena cis-feryanwelebze, _ imxanad, damwyeb poet-ebsa da gimnazielebze; misi TanamSrom-loba paolo iaSvilis òqros verZsa~(1913 w.) da `cisfer yanwebSi~ (1916 w.);reaqcia cisferyanwelTa gaxmaurebul,

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zogjer skandalur sajaro gamosvlebze(1916 wlidan) da maT poetur inovacie-bze; mimarTeba saqarTvelos aneqsiasa(1921 w.) da 1924 wlis SeTqmulebasTan;`cisferi ordenis~ periodikaSi (1916-1924 ww.) gamoqveynebuli mxatvruli daTeoriuli produqcia; monawileoba 1926wels nikolo miwiSvilis `qarTul mwer-lobaSi~ wamowyebul diskusiaSi _`fiqrebi saqarTveloze~; emigraciisdasawyisi da faSisti~ robaqiZis Zalda-tanebiTi SeCveneba Jurnal `mnaTobSi~(1935 w.) cisferyanwelTa mier; cisfery-anweli poetebis gaxseneba mis bolo-droindel nawerebSi (memuaruli, eseis-turi, epistoluri memkvidreobisgaTvaliswinebiT).

is `TeTri laqa~, romelic 10-20-ianiwlebis qarTul mwerlobas dRemde amou-vsebel sicarieled damCnevia, mniS-vnelovanwilad ukavSirdeba grigolrobaqiZis xelovnurad mokveTas, rasacsaTave daedo 1935 wels, mweralTa kav-Siridan garicxviT. mis gareSe SeuZlebe-lia `cisferi ordenis~ srulyofilijgufuri portretis warmosaxva; meoremxriv, maestrosadmi miZRvnili cisfer-yanwel poetTa leqsebi, werilebi Tu es-eebi, romelTac pirobiTad SeiZleba vu-wodoT `grigol robaqiZis apologia~,Tundac gazviadebulad, magram maincmigvaniSnebs mis adgils XX saukunisdasawyisis qarTul kulturul arealSi.

axla mxolod frTxil varauds TugamovTqvamT imis Taobaze, _ rodisdaaxlovdnen grigol robaqiZe da cis-feryanwelebi; cxadia, misi Semoqmedebi-Ti gzis dasawyisi (1901 wlidan qarTulpresaSi aqveynebda arcTu gamorCeulstatiebsa da leqsebs) momavali cisfer-yanwelebisaTvis sruliad SeumCnevelidarCeboda Tundac im ubralo mizezisgamo, rom paolo iaSvili (d. 1892 w.), ti-cian tabiZe (d. 1895 w.) da valerian gaf-rindaSvili (d. 1888 w.) maSin mcirewlo-vanni iyvnen.

grigol robaqiZem myisieri popular-oba 1908 da, gansakuTrebiT, 1909-1911wlebidan moixveWa, _ intensiuri saleq-cio moRvaweobiT. misi pirveli da Zalzeefeqturi gamoCena qarTul sinamdvile-Si ilia WavWavaZes daukavSirda: 1908wels evropidan droebiT dabrunebulma,imJamad studentma robaqiZem Seufara-

vad ganacxada, _ ilias veragulma mkv-lelobam maiZula mimetovebina parizida samSobloSi davbrunebuliyavio.

am wlebSi unda Semdgariyo imxanadquTaiseli gimnazielebis (romelnic,mkacri akrZalvis miuxedavad, qandarazemokalaTebulni, farulad eswrebodnensajaro saRamoebsa Tu speqtaklebs) Tun-dac Soreuli nacnoboba grigol roba-qiZesTan.

XX saukunis qarTuli mwerlobi-saTvis 10-iani wlebis dasawyisi erTg-vari tixari aRmoCnda, romelmac erT-maneTisagan daaSoriSora XIX da XXsaukune. saukunis damdegi, zogadad,pirobiTi cnebaa da misgan arc undamovelodeT myisier Tvisebriv cvlile-bebs literaturaSi; Tumca isic aRsani-Snavia, rom siaxlis molodini TiTqosatmosferoSi TimTimebda. mTeli msof-lios xelovanebma (da, RvTis madliT, ammxriv arc qarTvelebi iyvnen gamonaklis-ni), gumaniT `igznes~ diadi da SemaZr-wunebeli, jer arnaxuli kataklizmebi-Ta da tolupovari miRwevebiT dayursu-li saukunis dadgoma, rac SemoqmedebiTsiaxleTa mZafr moTxovnilebas badebda.

yovelive es kargad hqondaT gacno-bierebuli dasavluri orientaciis iseTdid moazrovneebs, rogorebic iyvnenkita abaSiZe da arCil jorjaZe. sworedmaTi Tanamosagre aRmoCnda grigolrobaqiZe, am, aw ukve didebuli triadisumrwemesi wevri. grigol robaqiZe romunikaluri movlena gaxldaT Cvens si-namdvileSi, amaze jer kidev 1909 welsmiuTiTa arCil jorjaZem: ...adamiani ni-WiT dajildoebuli, ... amasTan imgvaritipisa, romelic dRemde gamoucnobelirCeba qarTvel sazogadoebisaTvis,gamoucnobeli mistikuri filosofiiswyalobiT, romelsac aRiarebs igi daromelic Cveni sazogadoebisaTvissruliad axal da dRemde TiTqmis ucnobideur movlenad CaiTvleba~.

swored leqciebSi warmoCnda pirve-lad misi TavisTavadi, RvTiT boZebuliniWiereba, farTo Tvalsawieri da gans-wavluloba, improvizaciis SesaSuri un-ari da polemistis alRo, mWevrmet-yveleba da novatoruli suliskveTeba.

misi auditoria, TbilisSic da qu-TaisSic, rCeuli qarTuli sazogadoebaiyo: akaki da daviT kldiaSvili, kita aba-

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SiZe da niko lorTqifaniZe, telemak gu-rieli, dimitri uznaZe, ivane gomarTe-li... axalgazrdebs, upirvelesad, `mod-ernizmis qadageba~ xiblavda: `grigolrobaqiZis aqafebuli sityva, aRmafrenifantazia, TvalismomWreli saxeebi Zvir-fasi mogonebaa Cveni axalgazrdobisa,pirvelad iman Segvaxeda iohanaanis moW-ril Tavs, pirvelad iman mogvasmeninanicSes mwvalebeli sityva~, _ werdamogvianebiT tician tabiZe. sacnauria,rom leqcias nicSeze cxel kvalze, anu1911 welsve aRtacebiT gamoexmaura aka-ki wereTelic.

yvela Taobis poets Tanabrad efone-boda guls grigol robaqiZis mcdeloba_ ganexila qarTuli mwerloba msoflioliteraturis konteqstSi. imTaviTvegamoikveTa misi ganuxreli, mtkiceerovnuli mrwamsic, riTac aSkarad gaem-ijna kosmopolitizmsac da internacio-nalur radikalizmsac.

akaki baqraZis marTebuli mosazre-biT, mTavari da arsebiTi is iyo, romaxalma Taobam igi literaturul re-formatorad aRiara.

araordinaluri da mimzidveli gaxl-daT grigol robaqiZis mier `sakuTariTavis Seqmnis~ mcdelobac (Sdr. evrop-ul `dendizms~ an amerikul fenomens _`Self made man~). svireli xelmokle medav-iTnis mravalSviliani ojaxis Svilma, mi-zanswrafulma da mSromelma, ucxoeTSiganswavlis rTuli da narekliani gzaganvlo; ucxoeTSi mravalwliani yaribo-bis merec, samSoblosa Tu emigraciaSi,igi àra marto Tavis msoflmxedvelo-basa da msoflxats ayalibebda, aramedTavis garegnobasac~.

erTaderTi, rasac ver umklavdebodagrigol robaqiZe, misi martosulobaiyo. albaT amitomac aqvs pirovnuli,fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiTac didimniSvneloba mis megobrobas cisferyan-welebTan.

Tu verwmunebiT grigol robaqiZismaradiuli kerpis nicSes sityvebs _`sabolood, yvelaze mniSvnelovani,rasac adamiani sakuTari arsidan tovebs,sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara Tavisive biogra-fia~, _ upriani iqneba, sagangebo yura-dReba mivaqcioT ara mxolod Semo-qmedebiT, aramed pirovnul urTierTmi-marTebas cisferyanwelebTan, pirvel

rigSi ki _ paolo iaSvilTan.safiqrebelia, rom maTi daaxloeba

òqros verZSi~ TanamSromlobiT daiwyo.Jurnali im droisaTvis udavod gamor-Ceuli iyo. jer kidev gimnazielma, aras-rulwlovanma paolom (igi besarion ja-ianis saxels amoefara) moaxerxa mowinaveJurnalis gamocema, gaaerTiana saukeTe-so avtorebi (grigol robaqiZe, galak-tioni, tician tabiZe, ioseb griSaSvili,sandro SanSiaSvili, aleqsandre abaSe-li, leo qiaCeli, konstantine gamsaxur-dia, niko lorTqifaniZe, Salva dadiani,sergo kldiaSvili da sxv.).

1913 wels, Jurnalis mzadebis peri-odSi, paolo Tbilisis gazeT `TemSi~aqveynebs `werils redaqciis mimarT~ daqarTvel mwerlebs TanamSromlobas sTx-ovs: `redaqcia mimarTavs monawileobismisaRebad Semdeg pirT: vaJa-fSavelas,kita abaSiZes, grigol robaqiZes, i. ev-doSvils, ia ekalaZes, v.gunias, Salva da-dians, k. mayaSvils, i. griSaSvils, a.abaSels, SiukaSvils, leo qiaCels, Wum-baZes, n. lorTqifaniZes, d. kasraZes, bar-novs, g. quCiSvils, Turdospirels, axo-spirels, n.CxikvaZes, i. mWedliSvils, j.jorjikias, g. da t. tabiZeebs, k. abaSiZ-ispirels, dia Cianels da sxva~. uaRresadmetyveli dokumentia! cnobilia agreTvepaolos ori piradi werili vaJa-fSave-lasadmi, _ JurnalSi monawileobis Tx-ovniT (am nusxaSi TiTqmis mTeli imJamin-deli qarTuli mwerloba Tavsdeba dabunebrvad Cndeba ritorikuli kiTxva _ratom ver vxvdebiT akaki wereTlis sax-els? pasuxi ki, savaraudod, aseTia. pa-olom ver Sebeda saqarTvelos ugvirgvi-no mefes... niSandoblivia, rom nusxispirvel sameulSi, vaJa-fSavelasa da kitaabaSiZis Semdeg, grigol robaqiZis saxe-li Cndeba, rac ueWvelad moaswavebs ax-algazrda redaqtoris gansakuTrebulpietets am ukanasknelisadmi.

òqros verZSi~ gamoqveynebul gri-gol robaqiZis statiaSi `baraTebiòqros verZs~ avtori Jurnals gadaWar-bebul Sefasebas ar aZlevda, TumcaRa,qarTuli mwerlobis imJamindeli sidux-Wiris pirobebSi mainc Rirssacnob mov-lenad miiCnevda. statia imiTac arissaintereso, rom masSi pirvelad gaiJR-era saqarTvelos renesansis ideam, ramacSemdegSi safuZvliani ganviTareba pova

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cnobil werilSi `qarTuli renesansi~(robaqiZe 1917).

àrc mgonia aseTi verZisaTvis iazon-ma moacuros Tavisi gemi kolxeTis na-pirs, magram masSi aris iseTi raRac, xe-luxlebeli, gamouTqmeli, romelic sia-movnebas hgvris xelovnebis moyvaruls:es aris yvavilovani siymawvile, romlislaRad nakveT Sublze jer kidev ar gaur-benia Wknobis fiqris frTas~ _piruTvnelad SeniSnavda grigol roba-qiZe.

SeuZlebelia, gaucnobierebeli yo-filiyo òqros verZis~ saxelwodebisdamTxveva milioner riabuSiniskis dafi-nansebul, rusi simbolistebis mdidrulJurnalTan Золотое Руно~ (1906-1909 ww.).mibaZvis uwinares, amaSi ufro kolxidismkvidrTa mier `samarTlianobis aRdge-nis~ Tu rayifobis qveSecneul survilsvxedavT. JurnalSi moTavsebuli leonidandreevis, igor severianinis, vilie delil a’danis TxzulebaTa Targmanebi,cnobebi d’anuncios, valeri briusovis,konstantine balmontis, iurgis bal-truSaitisis da e. w. axali poeziis sxvawarmomadgenlebze gvafiqrebinebs, romòqros verZi~ sulac ar iyo provinciu-li TviTSemoqmedebis nimuSi. cxadia,grigol robaqiZe mxolod erT-erTi av-tori iyo Jurnalisa; naklebsavaraudoa,rom saredaqcio saqmianobaSi Care-uliyo: paolos organizatoruli niWijer kidev 1911 wlidan iyo cnobili,roca gimnaziis Jurnali `Стрелы Кол-хиды~ gamosca.

SemdegSi grigol robaqiZisa da mo-mavali cisferyanwelebis gzebi droebiTgaiyara: grigol robaqiZe kvlav sazR-vargareT gaemgzavra, paolo iaSvilmaweliwadnaxevari parizSi dahyo (1913-1914 ww.) luvrTan arsebul xelovnebisinstitutSi xatvis Sesaswavlad; peter-burgsa da moskovSi iyvnen valerian gaf-rindaSvili, tician tabiZe, SalvaafxaiZe, sandro cirekiZe... maTi urT-ierTTanamSromlobis axal da umniS-vnelovanes etaps safuZveli 1916 wels,`cisferi ordenis~ daarsebisTanave Cae-yara.

`cisferi yanwebis~ pirveli nomrisgamosvlisTanave (1916 wlis 28 Teberva-li), rogorc Cans, sazogadoebis erTmanawilma mtkivneulad aRiqva galaktio-

nis, niko lorTqifaniZis, ioseb griSaS-vilisa da grigol robaqiZis monawile-oba axalgazrduli epataJiT Sepyrobilda `mexis gavardnis~ efeqtis mosurnealmanaxSi.

tician tabiZem vrcel werilSi `cis-feri yanwebiT~ sruliad araorazrovnadgamoacxada simbolizmis `movlena~saqarTveloSi da simbolizmis upirve-les mesaZirkvled grigol robaqiZedasaxa: `simbolizmi CvenSi Semoitanagrigol robaqiZem. robaqiZeze ar gama-rTlda saerTo debuleba, rom yovelnovators win eRobeba gaugebrobis ga-lavani. mas arafrad dajdomia ZvelRirebulebaTa gadafasebis kadniereba,axal ZiebaTa feierverkebis gasrola...safiqreli iyo, radgan sxvagan aseTiaRelveba gamoiwvia simbolizmma, CvenSicmonaxavdnen fiCxebs inkviziciis cecx-lis dasanTebad, magram grigol robaqiZ-es uTxres Tavis dasturi arCil jor-jaZem da kita abaSiZem. am ori pirovnebiTiwureba qarTuli esTetikuri kulturagrigol robaqiZemdis~...

ticianis aSkarad gazviadebul mo-sazrebaTa sawinaaRmdegod unda iTqvas,rom `gaugebrobis galavani~ grigolrobaqiZis winaSec aRimarTa; Tumca, cx-adia, mometebul guliswyromas misdamiar amJRavnebdnen, misi saxelovani moR-vaweobisa da Tundac asakis gamo. Tavismxriv, grigolic aSkarad erideboda sa-zogadoebis gaRizianebas: ar monawile-obda jgufis skandalur sajaro gamosv-lebSi 1916 wlis aprilsa da martSi; manganze gandgoma arCia, Tumc, rommoewadinebina kidec, gauWirdeboda cis-feryanwelTa `gafrenebis~ moTokva.

grigol robaqiZes araviTari `zewo-la~ ar mouxdenia arc paoloze (romlis`pirvelTqma~ maestrosaTvis egzom sa-Zulveli futurizmis manifestebisagandidad aris davalebuli), arc ticianze(misi `cisferi yanwebiT~ xom robaqiZisaSkara apologiaa); igi ar Careula redaq-toris saqmianobaSic. imdroindeligaavebuli da wregadasuli kritikis sam-izne paolo iaSvili gaxldaT: `pir-velTqmis~, saprogramo leqsis (`paoloiaSvils momewyina yviTeli dante~...) dadarianuli leqsebis gamo.

grigol robaqiZis quTaisSi wakiTxu-li leqciis Taobaze daibeWda jafarfa-

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Sas (niko jafariZis) sakmaod susxianistatia `baton grigol robaqiZis leq-cia~: `b-ni robaqiZe am bolo dros Tavi-sive nebiT awvrilmanebs da amdablebsTavis Tavs.

raSi vxedavT Cven grigol robaqiZisTavis damcirebas?.. Tundac imaSi, ramacaiZula igi waekiTxa leqcia cisferi yan-webis~ Sesaxeb.

am almanaxis garSemo atexili usiam-ovno atmosferos Sesamsubuqebladgrigol robaqiZe, rogorc erTi monaw-ile krebulisa, iZulebuli gaxda saja-ro leqciiT Tavdasacveli sityviT mi-emarTa quTaisis sazogadoebisaTvis.

ras miaRwia Tavis leqciaSi grigolrobaqiZem? `cisferi yanwebis~ Rire-bulebis Sesaxeb hoc brZana da arac.

... sust mxares, samwuxarod b-i roba-qiZis niWierma enametyvelebamac ve-raferi SesZina. sazogadod es adgilileqciisa metad Zneli gamodga avtori-saTvis da ise susti, rogorc am adgilzeiyo grigol robaqiZe, Tamamad SemiZliavTqva, rom jer igi aravis axsovs.

...leqtori windaxedulad cdilobdamsmenelTa Soris ukmayofilebis temper-amenti ar gamoewvia.

...grigol robaqiZe ambobda, rodesac`cisferi yanwebi~ Tavis movaleobas ve-Rar Seasrulebs, Cven TviTon davamsx-vrevT maTo~...

`cisferi ordenis~ wregadasuliepataJi da ragindara gziT Tavis damkvi-dreba, pirdapir unda iTqvas, paolosdauokebeli temperamentisa da pariz-idan gamoyolili meamboxe sulis,rogorc SemdegSi kolau nadiraZe ityo-da, èsTetbuntarobis~ gamovlena iyo;mas, ra Tqma unda, Wabuki cisferyan-welebic amoudgnen mxarSi.

grigol robaqiZe sruliadac ariziarebda warsulis uaryofis paToss,zogjer aSkara mkrexelobasTan rom iyowilnayari; igi, rogorc Cans, mainc sxvaliteraturul Taobas miekuTvneboda;cxovrebaSic robaqiZe ufro gawonas-worebuli, TavSekavebuli, Zlieri indi-vidualizmiT aRbeWdili, Tundac `nar-cisuli~ pirovneba gaxldaT.

amitomac gadga ganze anu erTgvaridistancia moniSna, Torem ideuri mrCev-lisa Tu keTilmosurne kritikosis fun-qcias yovelTvis asrulebda.

dRevandeli gagebiT, grigol roba-qiZe ufro sapatio Tavmjdomare~ gaxl-daT `cisferi ordenisa~ da ara lideri,an, miT umetes, _ rigiTi wevri.

zemoTqmulis miuxedavad, rocajgufis sakralur~ 13 wevrs Soris roba-qiZes upirveles adgils miuCendnenxolme, igi protests ar gamoxatavda.

cxadia, cisferyanwelebs eamayebo-daT maestros Tanadgoma; Tavis mxriT,robaqiZec tols ar udebda maT mego-brobasa da siyvarulSi: `viyav yan-welebTan mxolod rogorc megobari,ufrosi damxmare da wamxalisebelio~, _dawers xandazmuli mwerali mogvi-anebiT.

`modernizmis qadagi~, `winaswarmet-yveli~, `mTawmideli~, ùwmindesi~, ùne-taresi~ _ amgvarad amkobdnen maestroscisferyanwelebi, Tumca unda iTqvas,rom galaktionis sarwmuno mosazrebiT,robaqiZes jgufis saxelwodebis Ser-CevaSic ki ar miuRia monawileoba. galak-tionis sityvebs (miuxedavad misTvisCveuli ironiisa) namdvilad daejereba:igi `cisferi yanwebis~ I nomerSic Tanam-Sromlobda, Tumca maleve ganudga maT;sabolood davSordiT erTmaneTs me,gafrindaSvili da iaSvilio, _ werda igiolia okujavas.

` galaktionis arqivSi gamovlenili esunikaluri fragmenti gamoqveynda 1995wels: èZebdnen iseT saxels, romelicunda yofiliyo 1) sruliad axali mima-rTulebis gamomxatveli, 2) erovnulikoloritis matarebeli da 3) romelicgamodgeboda jgufis saxelwodebi-sTvisac. paolom sTqva cisferi yanwebi~da gaitana kidec, vinaidan mis mets fuliaravis hqonda almanaxis gamosacemad.amgvarad daibada jgufi `yanwebis~ sax-elwodebiT. rogorc maxsovs, sxva saxel-wodeba ar yofila wamoyenebuli. `cis-feri~ romantiulia, `yanwebi~ _ orma-gad. jer rogorc TviT sagani da anbanTarigiT – y. w. _ erovnuliao, ambobdnen~.

ostat-SegirdTa wesisamebr, robaqiZ-esa da axalgazrda poetTa Soris arcwvrilmani ganxeTqileba iyo ucxo. mar-Tlac, paolosaTvis bevri ram mxolod`TamaSi~ iyo, mas SeeZlo TveobiT ar mih-kareboda sawer magidas, SeeZlo gadahy-oloda nairgvar mistifikaciebs, gadax-vewiliyo samogzaurod, sanadirod, san-

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adimod; artistuli, emociuri ticiani-saTvis sruliadac ar iyo saTakilo da-daizmTan Tu futurizmTan kavSiri.

yvelaze òrTodoqs-simbolistad~aRiarebuli valerian gafrindaSvilismrwamsi ufro misaRebi iyo robaqiZ-isaTvis, swored mas mimarTavda maestro`samediatorod~. amis dasturia misiuaRresad saintereso, 1919 wliT daTar-iRebuli kerZo werili quTaisSi myofivalerianisadmi; magram aq mcire retro-eqskursi dagvWirdeba: 1917 wlidan Tbi-lisSi revoluciasa da samoqalaqo omsganridebulma bevrma rusma avangard-istma moiyara Tavi. maT Soris iyoaleqsei kruCionixi, usaCinoesi futur-isti da `zaumuri~ enis fuZemdebelTa-gani. igi jer `futuristebis sindikat-Si~ Sevida, ilia zdaneviCTan, kolau Cer-niavskisTan, lado gudiaSvilTan da kir-ile zdaneviCTan erTad, xolo 1918 wlisTebervalSi ilia zdaneviCTan da igorterentievTan erTad futurizmis àxa-li~ saxeoba _ jgufi `410~-is _ Seqmna.

qarTveli da rusi avangardisti poet-ebi da mxatvrebi mSvidobianad Tanaarse-bobdnen, monawileobdnen erTurTis sa-Ramoebsa da beWdviT organoebSi, ikribe-bodnen xan `fantastiCeski kabaCokSi~,xanac cisferyanwelTa kafe qimerionSi~(orive maTgani rusTavelis prospeqtzemdebareobda).

maT erTobliv saRamos exeba roba-qiZis werili valerian gafrindaSvili-sadmi:

`Zvirfaso valerian!ivnisis Svids aq saRamo gaimarTa

Sesaxeb mxatvrobis. ilaparakes: kakaba-Zem, sudeikinma, ticianma, me. ticianissityva CemTvis moulodneli iyo: jererTi, TiTqos mas daaswres futurizmisdeklaracia (aseTi iyo STabeWdileba) –ganacxada man: futurizmis namdvili de-klaracia am scenidan male moxdeba Cve-ni jgufis mier. garda amisa, iyo aseTixazi saxelebis: pikasso da skriabini,mallarme da kruConixi... da sxva...

me avReldi saSinlad: umTavresad imisgamo, rom Tema Cemi iyo sasicocxlo(CemTvis mainc), vilaparake kubizmisSesaxeb: rogorc Tanamedrove ritmi ko-smosis daSlis aTvisebisa. miviRe igi im-denaT, ramdenaTac igi gamarTlebuliasulis tragediiT da esTetiuri kaTarz-

isiT. gareSe amisa: igi mxolod demono-logiaa. kruConixi davaxasiaTe rogorc`скоморох вшивого бесёнка~ da vamxilemisi SemoqmedebiTi araraoba _ (mal-larmes gverdiT mas ra unda?!)... Cemi si-tyva albaT daibeWdeba.

Semdeg: ticiani gamomelaparaka:man miTxra: rogorc `Cven~ gveCveneba

`sio~ da sxva amgvari banalobad, aseeCveneba albaT kruConixs banalobadbalmonti da sxvao... da mec amas vgrZnobsworado.

me SevekiTxe: iqneba odesme qveyanazeiseTi ram, romelic Semdeg banalobadaravis moeCvenos?

man momigo: ara.me kidev: maS msoflios miReba SeuZle-

belia?ticiani: diax, SeuZlebelia...me: aqedan daskvna?ticiani: Tavis mokvla...man isic gadmomca, rom Tqven uari

giTqvamT sonetis weraze da paolosutiria, rom poezia ukanaskneladdaeWvebia...

me ar minda aq yvelaferi vTqva...me minda mxolod Tqveni da paolos

azri gavigo.Tqven kargad iciT Cemi azri: poezia

araritmuli sityvaa da msofliosmetafizikuri amowurva. es daskvna bevrsrames Txoulobs winaswar. me mwams, rommsoflio RvTis qmnadia da xelovani misiTanaSemoqmedi. es ar aris figuruliTqma. Tu es miRebuli iqna, mTeli demon-ologia ticianis uaryofil unda iqnas...

Tqven iciT, rom me TqvenTan varrogorc Zma da Semoqmedi. Zalze vgrZnobTqveni (samis) siyvaruls. xolo, Sesa-Zloa Tqven (paolo da Tqven) ise fiqrob-deT, rogorc ticiani da marTlac gada-wyvetili gqondesT axali `gamosvla~.

unda icodeT, rom am SemTxvevaSi vergamogyvebiT. siyvaruli namdvili _ sas-tikia. me ar SemiZlia Tavis Tavis Ralati.TqvenTvisac ufro kargi iqneba: ufroTavisuflad imoqmedebT.

nu gaikvirvebT, rom àse~ gwerT: mi-uxedavad ticianis ìmpressionizmisa~,misma sityvebma damafiqres.

es baraTi waukiTxeT paolos...veli pasuxs: orivesagan...Tqveni erTguli gr. robaqiZe.misamarTi: Tbilisi, cxneTis q. 4, bina 1.

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P.S. aucilebelia Tqveni da paolos aqCamosvla erTi kviriT mainc~.

veras vityvi imis Taobaze, Tu ra Sede-gi mohyva grigol robaqiZis Txovnas: Sei-Zleba vivaraudo, rom maestros SeS-foTeba uTuod valeriansa da paolosac`gadaedo~ (grigolis ganawyeneba maT-Tvis warmoudgeneli iyo), maT saswra-fod acnobes amis Taobaze tician tabiZ-es... ase iyo Tu ise, araviTari erToblivi`futuristuri deklaracia~, rogorcmosalodneli iyo, cisferyanwelebs argamouqveynebiaT. tician tabiZis mou-lodneli gamosvla futurizmis dek-laraciis `muqariT~ albaT ufro rusfuturistebTan metoqeobis grZnobiTTu aixsneba. tician tabiZe didad afaseb-da (Rirsebisamebr) kruCionixs. rusi po-etis mimarT azri mas arc 1920 wels (anukonfliqtidan 1 wlis Semdeg) Seucvlia,radgan sandro cirekiZis Jurnal Svil-dosanSi~ werda: yvela politikur rev-olucias win uswrebda revoluciurigardatexebi poeziaSi. amis saukeTesomagaliTia kruCionixi, romlis zaumur-ma Tezisma `дыр-бул-щыл~-ma – gauswrorevolucias ruseTSio.

paradoqsuli azrebiT da winaaRmde-gobebiT aRsavse werilSi `dadaizmi da`cisferi yanwebi~ tician tabiZe aRwer-da Tbilisis kafe `imedSi~ gamarTulrusi futuristebis saRamos. Cans,swored am saRamoze 1919 wlis 7 ivnissmomxdarma incindentma gaagulisagrigol robaqiZe.

`saRamo moawyves rusma futuristeb-ma ilia zdaneviCma, a.kruCionixma da ter-entievma. es saRamo iyo futuristebismxatvrobis. umTavresad aq warmodgeni-li iyo meore zdaneviCi (igulisxmebailias Zma kirile zdaneviCi _ l. a.) dalado gudiaSvili. moxsenebas kiTxulob-da `futuristuli sityvis iezuiti~kruCionixi. rodesac tfilisis akademi-

is wurbelebma ijeres guli (maxsovsiyvnen maTematikis doqtori xarazovi das. gorodecki), roca futuristebisfronti moixsna da a. kruCionixi Cxaoda,rogorc mogdebuli kata, sityva aiRogrigol robaqiZem. es iyo qariSxlis mo-vardna (albaT es Rame daamaxsovrda al.kruCionixs, roca grigol robaqiZesdaarqva `специалист по апокалипсису ибезумию~)...

...am apokalipsisis orkestridan ram-denime fraza davimaxsovre. aq iyo lapar-aki nicSes instinqtebis anarqiaze, edgarpos miwis qvesknelis gaJrJolebaze,geologiur katastrofebze... daskvnaaseTi iyo: futuristebi gamarTlebuliarian cxovrebiT. Tqven amtkicebT, romisini Segnebulad jambazoben: magramkargi: Tu saukeTeso axalgazrdoba sa-frangeTis, ruseTis, saqarTvelosi daSeiZleba mTeli qveynisac Segnebuladjambazobs, miT uaresi TviTon qvey-nisTviso.

...im Rames grigol robaqiZem gaxsnaTavisi maska. am Rames is ar iyo mTawmind-eli, RvawliT Semosili, masSi dasZliapoetis ukiduresobam~...

ueWvelia, rom samiode wlis Semdeg,tician tabiZe sul sxvagvarad warmogvi-Cens kruCionixisa da robaqiZis duels~:upiratesobas igi, ra Tqma unda, mae-stros aniWebs.

am incidentma, rogorc Cans, veraferidaaklo maT guliTad, wrfel siyvarul-sa da pativiscemaze dafuZnebul urT-ierTobas... win kidev didi gza iyo, magram`modernizmis qadagi~ grigol robaqiZecisferyanwelTa maradiul kerpad dar-Ca.

`cisferi ordenis~ ekleqtikuriwiaRsvlebi ki, dRevandeli Tvalsaw-ieridan, jgufis sisusted~ sruliadacar aRiqmeba.

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Jaklin siraZe

uCveulo postmodernizmiroman `giorgi brwyinvales~ wakiTxvis mcdeloba

aristoteles `metafizikis~ mixedviT

àristoteles mixedviT: «gonebis aqtivoba aris sicocxle»~.u. gaTri

6. istoria, rogorcmisticizmis sagani

Tanamedrovebis suli, TiTqosdaTavisi usaxuri azrebis tyve Seiqmna,roca upirobod aRiara, rom ìstoriainteleqtis qimiis gamomuSavebuli yve-laze mavne produqtia~ an ìstoria ama-rTlebs yovelgvar survils, is dabe-jiTebiT ar gvawvdis arafers, radganyvelafers Seicavs da yvelafris nimuSsgvTavazobs~ (p. valeri, istoriisaTvis~,Targm. baCana bregvaZem).

Wabua amirejibis romani `giorgibrwyinvale~ amis sapirispiro mcdelo-baa _ istoria miCneul iqnes im ueWvelfaqtad, romelic im `Seumsxvrev~,gauqrob~, `dauZlevel~ teqsts qmnis,romliTac SeiZleba wavikiTxoT warsu-li, awmyo, momavali da ase gadavideTqronosSi.

magram imTaviTve dakvirvebul mkiTx-vels TvalSi moxvdeba, rom romanis te-qstSi qronosi dasazRvrulia, ufrozustad, rac ar unda paradoqsuladJRerdes, is maradiulobis mxolod damxolod erT-erTi saxeTagania: ìmdroisTvis aRarc me viqnebi, aRarc Cemiqsenoni (saavadmyofi _ J. s.), is sxva, sx-

vagvarad iqms Cems saqmnels~. radganrogorc TviT qroni ganmartavs:

`_ samyaro, romelsac adamianis gone-ba miswvda, CvenTvis iqamde iarsebebs,sanam jer Tavad Cven da merme kacTamodgma pirisagan miwisa aRigveba da amasvgulisxmob maradisobad. raic zogadmaradisobas Seexeba, mand sxva msazRvre-li gamoiyeneba~.

uneburad aq Cven fiodor dosto-evskis `Zmebi karamazovebi~-dan eSmakismier daxatuli maradisobis marad-moZravi suraTi gagvaxsendeba:*dasasruli. dasawyisi `saguramo~ � 3(9)

kritika

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<...> axlandeli dedamiwa iqneb Tvi-Ton milionjer ganmeorda. mokvda, gaiy-ina, daibzara, gaifanta, Semadgenel naw-ilebad daiSala, isev wyali, wyali, rome-li aris myars zemoT... isev kometa, isevmze, mzis sxivisgan isev dedamiwa _ esganviTareba xom albaT ukve usasrulodmeordeba da Tanac yvelaferi sruliaderTnairad, ganusxvaveblad, saSinelimowyenilobaa <...>

magram sinamdvileSi am or paralelsSoris arc araviTari msgavseba ar Sein-iSneba, radgan fiodor dostoevskis ma-radiulobis erT-erTi saxeTaganidausazRvravia da is marad ganmeoreba-di wre-brunvis usaxeobaSi ikargeba (akimasze ivane karamazovis alter ego _ eSmakisaubrobs). da es maSin, roca Wabua amire-jibis `giorgi brwyinvaleSi~ qroni _maradisobis erT-erTi saxe _ dasaz-Rvrulia, da mas garkveuli saxe aqvs,razedac mianiSnebs qronis samosi (racukve araerTgzis aRvniSne), kerZod,qarTveli eTnosis Sesamoseli Coxa-ax-aluxi, fexT ki qalamani. rac imaze ki armianiSnebs, rom absoluturi dro adami-anuri gonebisa da misi SesaZleblobebi-saTvis Sesabamisad SemecnebisTvis miu-wvdomeli ufro piriqiTac ki iTqmis,mxolod am dasazRvrulobas, erovnulieTnosis `gasagnebulobas~ SeuZlia iqc-es im gzis maniSnad, romelic maradiso-bis Cauwvdomel siRrmeSi Cagvaxedebs dagonebis Tvals agvixels.

maSasadame, avtoris ganmartebiTerovnuloba dabrkolebas ki ar gviqm-nis absoluturi drois Secnobis gza-ze, aramed is misi Secnobis erTaderTigzaa.

romanis mTavari gmiri istoriaa, ma-gram es ar aris realurad arsebulifaqtebis dalageba-gaanalizeba, aramedis istoriis faqtebs miRma mimdinareprocesebis garkvevas isaxavs miznad.

arsebobs uamravi legenda, romlismixedviTac qarTvelTa gamarjvebulbrZolas win miuZRoda wmida giorgi, ma-gram aravis ucdia daewera istoria, sa-dac Seecdeboda mistikuri safuZvliT~aexsna realurad, istoriulad gardamx-dari faqtebi.

maSasadame, romanis `giorgi brwyin-vales~ mTavar gmirs warmoadgens mis-tikuri istoriis sagani. amitomac kanon-zomieria, rom momavali istoriis faqt-

Ta SesaZleblobis saxelmZRvanelos te-qsts rkinis kars miRma ganTavsebuliqronosis sivrceSi sikeTis, borotebisada sinanulis sasworis or bakanSi Cagde-buli sawyao-kenWiT miRebuli SedegigansazRvravs. es imasac niSnavs, rom is-toria erTgvari zneobrivi Senobaa,romelic arwyavs eris warsul naazrevsada namoqmedars da ukve misi Sejameba Ta-vad dawers Tavis momaval istorias daase Semoxazavs istoriis momavlisfaqtebs.

da exla asociaciiT maxsendeba, Tumczustad verc ki vixseneb visi sityvebia:

`_ msoflio istoria is wminda wer-ilia, romelsac kiTxulobs da wers yove-li CvenTagani, radgan masSi TiToeuliCvenTagania aRbeWdili~.

da rac erTgvarad ajamebs Cems mierroman `giorgi brwyinvalis~ am pasaJisinterpretirebas.

7. umoklesi gza Semecnebissagnamde _ enis wiaRi

sainteresoa, rom aristotele Tavis`metafizikaSi~ filosofiis warmoSobasadamianis gakvirvebis, gaocebis unarsmiawers, radgan gaoceba-gakvirveba winuswrebs gonebis yvelaze Cveul mdgo-mareobas _ azrovnebas.

sagani rom davinaxoT à priori saWiroa,rom mas sinaTlis nakadi ecemodes. ai,daaxloebiT igive sinaTlis rols as-rulebs gakvirveba-gaoceba. is xilulisamyaros sagnebs gonebis naTeliT gaan-aTebs.

roca vwer, rom gakvirveba-gaoceba ismoulodneli sinaTlea, romelic goneb-is sinaTliT sagans gaanaTebs, imasacvgulisxmob, rom am sinaTliT _ gaoce-biT, gakvirvebiT _ ibadeba adamianSiarsebuli RvTaebrivi Zala, Zalisxmeva.is Zala, romelic adamians SeagrZnobin-ebs, rom is ufro metia, vidre misibunebiTi mocemuloba. maSasadame, gao-ceba, gakvirveba _ Zalisxmevis meSveo-biT sagnis Wvretaa, aRtacebuli sixaru-li da Tanaziarebaa RvTaebrivi niWisSesaZleblobisa.

sainteresoa, rom Wabua amirejibiromanis teqstSi Cawers: ara gakvirvebas,aramed cnobiswadils _ wadili, sur-vili, raTa vicno, Sevicno. maSasadame, es

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gasaocari sityva cnobiswadili aer-Tianebs or urTierTmourigebel unars:erTi mxriv, survils, wadils, unars dameore mxriv, gonebis unars _azrovnebas. maSasadame, am cnobiswadil-Si erTdroulad mocemulia dilika(survili, wadili, cToma) da giorgibrwyinvale (gonebiT cnoba, Semecneba).

avtori igive mTxrobeli-giorgibrwyinvale pirvel pirSi wers romanisteqstSi:

`sicocxlis madlieri var, Tumc Wiriar damaklo maRalma RmerTma. madlierivar-meTqi imitom vambob, rom cno-biswadili damyva dauokebeli da amanbevri ram gamagebina~.

ukve araerTgzis aRvniSne da exlacgavimeoreb, romani giorgi brwyinvale~ufro postmodernistuli Janrisgamowvevaa, vidre misi mtkicebuleba. daTu iasmina mihaeloviCi xazgasmas akeTebsimaze, rom posmodernizmSi, rogorc wesidapirispireba SeiniSneba logocen-trizmTan, Wabua amirejibi ki am romanSiqarTul sityva – logoss, isev klasikurTxrobaSi Caabrunebs.

rogorc sazogadod filosofiurleqsikonebsa Tu filosofiis saxelmZR-vaneloebSi iwereba, logosi (logos berZ._ sityva, azri, goneba, kanoni) Tavda-pirvelad sayovelTao kanons, samyarossafuZvels, mis wesrigsa da harmoniasaRniSnavda.

logosi _ am SemTxvevaSi ufro sity-vas aRniSnavs, romelic mistikur azrsSemoxazavs. Wabua amirejibi moCvenebiTiTavis mokatunebiTa da xelovnuri gu-lubryvilobiT postmodernizmisTvis-damaxasiaTebel, siRrmiseul gramatikasisev klasikuri TxrobisTvis niSneulimistikuri plastiT gadaaTamaSebs. av-tors romanis teqstSi, zmanebiseul xil-vaSi Semohyavs sityvebi da isini enigmuriwyobiT eris faruli, mistikuri orga-nizmis `monaxazs~ gvTavazoben, rac mismizansa da mamoZravebel Zalaze mig-vaniSnebs. es enigmuri wyoba im sibrZneSiCagvaxedebs, rac dedis rZesTan erTadSeiwoveba. es sibrZne _ logosi, erisenigmur fesvSia, mis sisxlSia Casaidum-loebuli, CaRvril-Caleqili.

Tavad es mistikuri logosi - sityve-bi imarxaven substanciis _ qarTvelieris yvela SesaZlo zraxvas, Tu qmede-bas, anu maTSi ukve Zevs is, rac iyo, rac

aris da rac iqneba.dakvirvebuli mkiTxveli erTgvarad

Secbundeba, roca romanis teqstSi Tavismier, mkiTxvelis mier warmoTqmul fra-zasac moismens:

`_ ...ver movisvenebdi, sanam igavsfesvs ar mivugnebdi~.

igavis fesvis amosaxsnelad avtoriSemecnebis yvelaze srulyofil gzasdaadgeba. eris mistikuri organizmiswiaRs miaSurebs da enaSi Casaidumloe-bul sibrZneSi _ sityvis farul plast-Si Cagvaxedebs.

ase dalagdeba igavis fesvis enigmuriwyoba.

`_ mag sityvis fesvi gimiri, anu qime-rielia. magram meorenairad gmirva,gangmirvis qmnaa. mterTa Tu uZnelessaqmeTa ZleviTa da gangmirviT saxel-moxveWil kacs mgmirs etyodnen. mere egaso, mani, Tqmisa siZnelis gamo dainTqa,gmiriRa darCa da dReisJamobiTbrZolebsa da omebSi warmatebul kacTasaxelad iqca~.

mkiTxvelis gasaocrad igavis fesvSimoZiebuli sityvaTa enigmuri wyoba, ar-istoteles `metafizikaSi~ dasaxelebu-li oTxi mizezis identuria da mis post-modernistul gadaTamaSebas warmoad-gens. da cxadia, igi erTgvari zeSTa-gonebis inspiraciis wyarocaa.

magram jer igavis igavi wavikiTxoT,sadac avtors romanis mTliani monaxazi_ `dedaazri~ aqvs gadmocemuli:

`pirveliTgan sakacobrio borotebismbrZolsa da mTrgunvels eTqmoda mgmi-ri, miuxedavad imisa, rjulismdeblobiTiRvwoda amisTvis, mSvenierebaTa qmniTaTu msxverplad misvliT. mgmiri im kacsewoda, vinc urCxuli gangmira da erimoSTobisgan ixsna. zogadi Semusra daara kerZo, Sedegebs ki ar misdgomia,pirvelmizezs miagno da saqmneli aRas-rula~.

aq avtori aristoteles metafizika-Si~ substanciis, samyaros arsis _ oTxmizezTan damokidebulebas gaaigivebssubieqtis, igive giorgi brwyinvalisa(romelic romanis teqstSi zogjerufliswuladaa moxseniebuli) da mon-RolTa (romelic urCxulad iwodeba)damokidebulebasTan da maTi amsaxvelioTxi mdgomareoba, oTx sityvas _ log-oss gadaaTamaSebs.

magram Cven verafriT davakavSirebT

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gmirisa da urCxulis oTx mdgomareobasaristoteles `metafizikaSi~ moxmobiloTx mizezTan (romelic ukve CamovTva-leT J. s.), Tu ar gaviazrebT im Senobas~,romlis aRsaSeneblad mimdinareobsbrZola.

ase mivadeqiT romanis erT-erTi per-sonaJis, mistikuri istoriis sagans,romelsac zneobis Senobac ki SeiZlebavuwodoT.

`zneobis SenobaSi~ moiazreba qarTve-li eris krebiTi sulis, giorgi brwyin-valis mier sakuTari Tavis Secnoba, racniSnavs, rom man unda gaixsenos Tavisiwarsuli, codviT dacemuli kacobrioba,adam da evas Secodebani, raTa sinanulisgziT isev daubrundes RvTis wiaRs.

rac garegnulad giorgi brwyinvalisada dilikas xorcieli urTierTobiT dasinamdvileSi ki, giorgi brwyinvalis cx-ovrebis xesTan ziarebiT gamoixateba.

8. aristoteles `metafizikis~saZiebeli sagani _ substancia,

_ usia, anu romanis mixedviTqarTveli eri

`materia rom sinamdvileSi arsebob-des, saWiroa forma, magram, meore mxriv,formac mxolod namdvilobaa sagnisa dasinamdvileSi ar arsebobs materiisgareSe~.

aristotele, `metafizika~

Cven ukve SevTanxmdiT, rom Wabuaamirejibi gvTavazobs postmodernis-tul TamaSs, romelSic substanciad,usiadaa warmodgenili qarTveli eriskrebiTi suli - qroni.

da am postmodernistul TamaSSi CvenvixilavT substanciis saxes, mis arsebas_ romanis teqstiT gadaTamaSebuls.

<...> didi stagireli formisa~ da ma-teriis~ erTianobas aRiarebs. misi Sexed-ulebiT, `erTs~ swored maTi mTlianobaqmnis~.

gv. koplataZe, `literaturaTmcod-neoba aristoteles moZRvrebaSi~, gv. 18.

magram radganac <...> substancia arcmateriaa da arc forma cal-calke,aramed orive erTad, maTi narevi~<...> (gv.koplataZe). amitomac Cven giorgi brwy-invaleSi~ vixilavT am `narevs~, sagnismistikur arsebas, riTac Wabua amireji-bi qarTveli eris RvTis wiaRSi dab-

runebis postmodernistul interpret-acias, inteleqtualur TamaSs Se-mogvTavazebs.

rogorc araerTgzis aRvniSne, aris-totele Tavis `metafizikaSi~ ikvlevs,Tu ra aris usia, Tu ras warmoadgens ar-sebobis mizezi. unda iTqvas, rom mizeziar aris cdaSi. cda gviCvenebs imas, Tura aris, magram ara imas, Tu ratom arisda rogor aris is ase da ara sxvanair-ad, e. i. cda ar gviCvenebs garkveuli ar-sebobis mizezs. amitom sakvlevia, TuraSia arsebobis mizezi da ramdenimizezi arsebobs.

modiT, isev gavimeoroT aristote-les sityvebi: mizezi ar aris cdaSi. cdagviCvenebs imas, Tu ra aris, magram araimas, Tu ratom aris da rogor aris is aseda ara sxvanairad.

romanis teqstSi cdaSi mocemuli gva-qvs is movlena, romelic Tavisi uCveu-lobiTa da daujereblobiT CvensSecbunebas iwvevs. es aris ambavi, anuufro sworad ki, es aris cda, romelicambis mizezs ver gagvimxels, radgan am-bav-cdaSi is ubralod ar mosCans.

ambavi (Tumc amis Sesaxeb ukve vi-saubre, magram igive ambavs aq sxva rakur-sidan ganvixilav _ J. s.) uCveuloa Tun-dac im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom Sex-vedris adgili naoxar eklesiaSi mim-dinareobs. amazrzenia wminda adgilzegumbaT-morRveul, nangrevebad qceulieklesiis wiaRSi qalis, saxelad dilikasmier sarecelis gaziarebis mizniT mon-RolTa mipatiJebac, Tumca am amazrzensaqciels ufro uCveulod da daujere-blad miviCnevT, roca gavigebT, rom ampikanturi stumrobis Semdeg qalmaoqroTi savse qisaze uari ganacxada.

amis TviTmxilvelia giorgi brwyin-vale, Cveni postmodernistuli TamaSismTavari figura _ igive `substancia~,qarTveli eris krebiTi suli. is am uCveu-lo da amavdros uxamsi ambisagan afori-aqebuli, cnobiswadiliT Sepyrobili mi-emarTeba wminda da Seryvnil adgilzeucnobi qalis mosanaxuleblad.

giorgi brwyinvale avtorisa damkiTxvelis rols gaiTavisebs da ambobs:

<...> ver movisvenebdi, sanam igavs(cdas) fesvs (mizezs) ar mivugnebdi~.

am igavis, am saidumloTi Seburvilidilikas ambavze fiqrisas masSi gaiRvi-Zebs sawuTros maradJamuli ltolva,

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gzneba, Jini, survili, wadili, romelsacaRZravs zmanebis saxiT xiluli goroTassaxe; giorgi brwyinvale, igive avtoriwers:

<...> tankenaria da mimgznebi. Semot-masnuli, oqroTi dawinwkluli Savi kabaacvia, Savi xelTaTmanebi aqvs, svavis ni-skartiviT moxril TiTebs afuTfuTebs,Tavisi mimzidveli sxeuliTa da vnebianiTvalebiT kacs saiTRac eZaxis... SevRi-mebdi, vetakebodi, nadiriviT vbubnidi...netarebaze mitanebuls, mklavebidanrogorRac damisxlteboda, Soriax-lodan niSnisgebiT gamicinebda dagahqreboda, viTomc arc rodisa yofila.sakvirvelia, ...sulis uaryofis saxeddedakaci rama da ratom amakviata, ne-tav!~

advili misaxvedria, rom aq eosze(berZ.) _ ganTiadis qalRmerTze mim-dinareobs saubari, romelic zogi miTismixedviT, heliosisa (mzis) da niqtis (Ra-mis) qaliSvilia. amitomac goroTas Savi(mamaze, anu Rameze mimaniSneblad) daoqroTi dawinwkluli kaba (dedaze, anumzeze mimaniSneblad) acvia (rac ukveaRvniSne wina esseiSi) avtori miTis imnawils amuSavebs, sadac moTxrobilia,rom eoss lamazi ymawvilebis motrfi-aled, maT mimtaceblad asaxeleben.

maSasadame, sicocxlis diadi Zala,misi Zalmosileba mefes zmanebis saxiTecxadeba, eosis _ ganTiadis qalRmer-Tis saxiT. rac ganasaxierebs msoflioxes. xolo rac Seexeba giorgi brwyin-vales zmanebiseul gancdas, is gan-pirobebulia imiT, rom Tavad sicocxlisSegrZneba aris ara cxadi, da saRi gonebi-Ta da gansjiT sawvdomi, aramed is, siz-mar-cxadis zRvarze gvevlineba. adamianixom wuTisoflis wyvdiads ganicdis,rogorc sizmris tkbil-mware Seg-rZnebas. goroTas svavis niskartiviTmoxrili TiTebis fuTfuTi ki imaze mi-aniSnebs, rom vneba, cToma, wadili, yove-li xorcieli survili _ adamianis Rv-Taebrivi bunebisTvis iseTive saxifaToada, maSasadame, daundobeli, mtrulirogorc svavis mokauWebuli niskarti,radgan is ebrZvis adamianis maRal suli-erobas, vnebiTa da wadiliT ubindavs masgonebas da ase sibneleSi (wuTisofelSi)brmad amyofebs.

maS ase, `giorgi brwyinvale goroTas_ sicocxlis SesaZleblobas, mis poten-

cias mxolod da mxolod zmanebis saxiTixilavs (rogorc imaze xazgasasmelad ,rom is sicocxlis Zalmosilebis Sesa-Zleblobaa, xolo roca ukve namyoSi mo-mqmed sicocxleze, mis Zalmosilebazesaubari surs avtors, is ganTiadis qal-RmerTs eoss, avroras saxels Seucvlisda uwodebs dilikas (warmoebuliaqarTuli sityvisagan `dila~).

rogorc ukve araerTgzis momixdaamaze saubari da isev ganvmeordebi,gauTviTcnobierebeli mkiTxveli, msub-uqad rom vTqvaT, gaocdeba, roca roman-Si mefe giorgi brwyinvalesa da dilikasxorciel urTierTobaze waikiTxavs,romelic naoxar, dangreul, gumbaT-gvirgvin morRveuli eklesiis wiaRSiSesdga. gaTviTcnobierebuli mkiTxveliki mixvdeba, rom es namyo droSi monRol-Ta mier qarTuli marTlmadideblurieklesiis iavarqmnil mdgomareobazeminiSnebaa. zogi mkiTxveli, romelicmarTlmadideblur kanonikas ase Tu iseicnobs, xolo postmodernistuli Jan-ris TamaSSi nakleb Caxedulia, SeiZlebaSeZrwundes, rom es urTierToba (gior-gi brwyinvalisa da dilikas xorcielurTierTobazea saubari) kretsabmeligadaweuli fardagis iqiT mimdinareobs.

`kretsabmeli <...> qristianuli re-ligiis erT-erTi centraluri sim-boloa, `zeciuri, anu wminda karavi~,romelic ciur samlocvelosa (taZars)da RvTis ciur samyofels (berZn. skeni,rusulad скания) gamoxatavs. karavi uf-lis, bibliuri RmerTis _ iahves _ samy-ofelia. saxarebis Tanaxmad, mas Semdeg,rac qriste `zecad amaRlda~, man mamaRmerTTan `moikarva~ _ masTandamkvidrda <...> `zeciuri karvis~ erT-erTi umTavresi atributia kretsabmeli,e. i. karis farda<...> amave dros, igi cazegaxsil karsac niSnavs, rogorc amas io-ane RvTismetyveli miiCnevs. aRsavliskaris gaxsna da daxurva maniSnebelia im-isa, rac caSi xdeba. es aris farda,romelmac axali da cocxali gziT, e. i.qristem Tavisi xorciTa da sisxliT, ka-cobriobas gza gauxsna~.

`qarTuli naqargoba~, red. leila be-riaSvili, gv. 162-163.

magram jer teqsti wavikiTxoT da dav-igemovnoT, Tu rogor Seswevs mwerlisvirtuozulobas jadoqris msgavsadmusikis, ferweris, poeziisa da

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filosofiis `nazavi~ ise mogvawodos,TiTqosda Cven umartives ambavs veswre-bodeT:

`_ qali ki ara, vardiswylis Sa-drevani iyo... veferebodi, veamborebo-di, cremli mdioda, rogorc uzenaesbednierebas weul Tu satrfowagvrilyrmas da roca davSoSmindi, sxeulisiamayiT amevso, rom is, momavali _ tan-juli Tu bednieri, gonji Tu pirmSve-nieri, mona Tu TviTmpyrobeli _ ueWve-lad da mxolod Cemgan iSveboda, mxolodCemgan!~

avtori, Wabua amirejibi eosis _ gan-Tiadis qalRmerTze arsebul berZnulimiTebidan iyenebs `homerosiseul ver-sias, romlis Tanaxmadac eosi grZel daoqrosfer talRovani TmebiT Semkul,vardisfertanian da vardisfer tansac-melSi gamowyobil, axalgazrda qaladwarmogvidgeba. poetebi ki mas lamazku-lulas, vardisferTiTebas da sxvaepiTetebs miakuTvneben. Wabua amireji-bi ki ubralod, magram moqnilad ityvis:`qali ki ara, vardiswylis Sadrevaniiyo~.

miTologiuri leqsikonebis mixed-viT, Tu goroTa msoflio xea, da igiveeosi, ganTiadis qalRmerTia, dilika misierT-erTi varianti _ cxovrebis xea, _igive eosia, igive ganTiadis qalRmerTi.

roca avtors surs, miTis is variantiwarmogvidginos, sadac cxovrebis xissimbolo ganasaxierebs mcenareul safa-rvels, is bunebis damcvelad da mfarve-lad gvevlineba, ris Sesaxebac avtoridawers:

`_ ara, ranairad modioda diaci!warmtaci iyo da WeSmaritad mdedri!mZlavri sxeuli hqonda, magram moxdeni-li da sxarti, pirdapir miwidan amonax-eTqi jejiliviT...~

xolo roca miTis im variantze midge-ba saqme, sadac saubaria cxovrebis xeze,romelic sicocxlis momniWebelia, gam-ravlebis simboloa, avtori ixsenebs Turogor ganamzada berma ioanem jer kidevbavSvobaSi, romelic mas filosofiasaswavlida, rom diacis yvela saqcielimisi Svilierebidan warmodgeboda, xolodilikaze ase iwereba:

`_ egeTi diaci arc fexmZimobaSidagonjdeba:. nayofisTvis moisxams,moidovlaTebs, momrgvaldeba, magrammainc mSvenieri iqneba...~

maS, ase. Cven mxolod garegnuladvadevnebT Tvals giorgi brwyinvalesada dilikas Sexvedrasa da maT xorcielurTierTobas gumbaTmorRveuli, dan-greuli eklesiis wiaRSi, radgan Cven vxe-davT mxolod da mxolod movlenas, sa-dac sulac ar mosCans mizezi da romel-ic, rogorc aRvniSneT ambavSi (cdaSi) argamJRavndeba.

es bunebrivia, radgan romanis teqstixom, aristoteles `metafizikis~analogiiT, aluziiT Seiqmna, romelSicvkiTxulobT:

_ cda gviCvenebs imas, Tu ra aris,magram ara imas, Tu ratom aris darogor aris is ase da ara sxvanairad.

axla gavarCioT mizezi `rogor arisase da ara sxvanairad~, anu ra mizeziimaleba am movlenis iqiT.

moqmedeba zecaSi xdeba, amitomac iw-ereba avtoris, igive giorgi brwyinvalesmier: `...kretsabmeli odnav gadavwie, Se-vixede~ _ zecaSi dabruneba, rogorcreligiaSi gaTviTcnobierebul mkiTxv-els moexseneba, SesaZlebelia mxolodsinanuliT, radgan rogorc bibliidanviciT, kacobriobis uZvelesma mterma,gvelma acduna jer eva, Semdgom ki evamadami, romelTac RvTis akrZaluli xiliSeWames da amiT RmerTTan aRTqmulimarxva daarRvies. rogorc wmida mamebiweren, es iyo nayofi broweulisa – nay-ofi sikeTisa da borotebisa, Semecnebisxisa. ris Semdgomac maT Tvali aexilaT,rom SiSvelni iyvnen da rogorc biblia-Sia gacxadebuli, riTac miniSnebul iqna,rom maT dakarges uZvirfasesi saCuqari_ RvTis msgavseba. bibliaSi isic xaz-gasmulia, rom RmerTi ganarisxa araadam, evas da gvelis Secodebam, aramedam Secodebis mounanieblobam, ris Sede-gadac RvTis risxvam ar daayovna da isi-ni gamoZevebulni iqnen samoTxidan, rom-lis SesasvlelSi RmerTma cecxlis max-vilosani qerubimebi (angelozebi) daay-ena.

wmida mamebi aseT komentars akeTeben,rom samoTxis dacva saWiro Seiqmna immizniT, raTa adam da evas, romelTacSescodes da RvTis madli dahkarges, arSeeWamaT cxovrebis xis ukvdavebis mom-niWebeli nayofi, rac ukve uazroba iqne-boda.

zecaSi dilikasa da giorgi brwyin-vales urTierTobis paralelurad xde-

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ba qronTan (maradisobasTan Sexvedra).xolo imaze mimaniSneblad, rom yofiere-bidan, miwieri cxovrebis Cveuli gzidanmiRmuri samyaros mistikur sivrceSi ga-davida gmiri _ giorgi brwyinvale,migveniSneba erTaderTi frazebiT:

`_ ugzoze mivdiodi. wyvdiadi iyo.~da iqve:`_ cxenis alRosRa mivyvebodi <...>~da kanonzomieria, rom qronisTan

saubari swored sikeTisa da borotebisganyofasa da Semecnebaze mimdinareobsda sinanulze, romelic gamorCeuli ni-WTagania. qronis ganmartebiT is didsu-lovanTa xvedria da Tandayolili go-nierebidan modis. maSasadame, qroni ix-senebs kacTa modgmis Secodebas, sikeTi-sa da borotebis, Semecnebis xis, am akrZa-luli nayofis SeWmisa adam da evas mier,da maT gamoZevebas samoTxidan, monanie-biT codvis ar aRiarebis gamo.

apokalifsisis muxlobriv ganmarte-baSi vkiTxulobT:

`_ adamis dacemiT samoTxe daiketada is ukve qerubimis dacvis qveS rCebo-da; qristes vnebiT, sikvdiliTa daaRdgomiT gaixsna samoTxis kari da yve-las, vinc sinanulis gziT midis, kvlavSeuZlia Sevides SigniT da igemos cx-ovrebis xis nayofi. ~

amitomac, sulac kanonzomieria,roca miRmur samyaroSi gadasuli gior-gi brwyinvalesa da qronis saubari sinan-ulis Temis irgvliv trialebs, aqve gan-imarteba, Tu ramdeni gvaris, saxeobissinanuli arsebobs da romlis meSveobiTaris SesaZlebeli cxovrebis xis nayofismiReba.

qroni yuradRebas gaamaxvilebs imaze,rom meSvide inkarnaciiT movleniligiorgi brwyinvale mZlea, da rom mas da-badebiTgan, rogorc didbunovanTagvaris warmomadgenels sinanulis Tan-dayolili, gamorCeuli niWi gaaCnia.

wminda mamebis ganmartebiT, sityva`Zleva~ dawerilia jvarze da SeuZlebe-lia vinmem cxovrebis xis nayofi ise ige-mos, Tu winaswar jvris gemo ar Seicno.

maSasadame, Tu movlenaSi, ambavSi(cdaSi) Cven dilikasa da giorgi brwyin-vales urTierTobis mizezs verCavwvdiT, axla cdis miRma Cven ukvegangvecxada maTi urTierTobis farulisazrisi da maSasadame, SevicaniT ratomaris da rogor aris ase da ara sxvanair-

ad~.giorgi brwyinvalem dilikasTan urT-

ierTobiT cxovrebis xis, ukvdavebis nay-ofi igema, samoTxeSi dabrunda, RvTismadli miiRo, riTac misi msgavsebadaibruna da ukvdavebas eziara.

r. canava wers, `Tu yvela Cakra gaixs-na, adamiani xdeba gamtari, igi amyarebskontaqts yvela sknelTan da aseTi adami-ani xdeba msoflio xis analogi...

gamtari adamiani Zalauflebis mflo-belia, lideri. Zalis mopoveba, ZaliTavseba Samanuri praqtikis erT-erTiumTavresi mizania~.

rogorc romanis teqstidan irkveva,dilika Tavad apirebda urCxulTan Sepa-eqrebas, risTvisac monRolebTan xor-cieli urTierToba daamyara da es mx-olod da mxolod imisaTvis, raTa mon-RolTa aRgvis gzebisTvis miegno. `drovixelTo, Seveba da vZlio~ (W. amirejibi).misi gansjiT, Tu monRolTan urTierTo-biT dabadebuli bavSvi monRols daems-gavseboda, dedis (dilikas qarTulibuneba) siyvaruli Caacxrobda, moTokav-da, Searbilebda mis moZalade bunebas,xolo Tu qarTvels daemsgavseboda, _Tavad Tavisianebis, qarTvelebis mxar-damxar ibrZolebda.

magram movlenaSi (cdaSi) ukve giorgibrwyinvale amyarebs dilikasTan _ cx-ovrebis xesTan _ sicocxlis diadZalasTan urTierTobas.

magram es Zala sicocxlis Zalmosile-ba Tavad giorgi brwyinvalis Sinaganiegzistenciis nawilicaa, amitomac aseTiuCveulo teqsti iwereba romanSi:

`_ dilika mqvia, Sena? _ yurSi ki ara,gonebaSi momesma, viTom bavSvobaSi,visime naTqvami sityvebis JRera aRsdgamexsierebaSi.

giorgi _ mivuge da esec is xma iyo,balRobaSi rogorica mqonda, magram meukve vicodi, ganwiruli mSvenierebissaxeli _ dilika!~

sityvebi: ganwiruli mSveniereba.migvaniSnebs, rom aq isev varirdeba zRa-pris yvelaze cnobili Tema: urCxuli _mzeTunaxavi. teqstis mixedviT, urCxuls_ monRolni ganasaxiereben, xolo mze-Tunaxavi _ dilika-goroTaa, sicocxlisyovladoba da mSveniereba. es ukve sxvasaubris Temaa, magram aq yuradRebas ip-yrobs, rom swored giorgi brwyinvalesmiviwyebul mexsierebaSi, mis gonebaSi

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aRsdgeba es sityvebi.

9. apokalifsis wignikiTxulobs

saqarTvelos istorias

Wabua amirejibis `giorgi brwyinva-lis~dakvirvebiT wakiTxva migvaxved-rebs, rom teqsti uaRresad rTulia damasSi cnobierebis nakadis teqnikisTvisniSneuli, kargad nacnobi xerxia gamoy-enebuli, namdvilisa da warmosaxul-gamonagonis erTimeoreSi aRreva.

Cven TiTqosda zmanebiseul samyaro-Si movxvdiT, sadac verc ki gavrkveul-varT, sad gadis zRvari realursa da ire-alurs Soris, sad aris miwieri da sad mis-tikuri sagnebi, radgan avtorma imTav-iTve maT Soris yovelgvari zRvari waSa-la.

ufro metic, Cven imasac ki aRmova-CenT, rom istoriis faqtebma saxeicvales, radgan istoriaSi kargad nac-nobi faqtebis Secnobisa da gaazrebisnacvlad xan zmanebiseuli suraTebiT,xan apokalifsuri xilvebiT istoriismiRma vmogzaurobT da masSi moqmed Rm-erTebsa da aramiwier arsebebs, roman`giorgi brwyinvalis~personaJebis saxiTvecnobiT.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Wabua amireji-bisTvis wminda ìoanes gamocxadeba~,cnobili meore saTauriTac _ àpoka-lifsi~, upirobod saidumloTi dafaru-li teqstia, avtori mkiTxvelisda mou-lodnelad, am nawarmoebSi, apokalifsSiaRwerili meored mosvlis Jamis modern-istul interpretacias SemogvTavazebs.albaT amiT avtors, Wabua amirejibsimis Tqma surda, rom apokalifsis te-qsti imdenjer daiwereba `xelaxla~,anu is imdenjer aRsruldeba kacobri-obis istoriaSi, ramdenjerac moxdebaborotebis momZlavreba da anti-qristes aRzeveba.

mirCa eliade wers:`_ miTi es aris is, rac arasodes

yofila da mudam aris~.magram vidre uSualod davadgendeT,

romel dros, anu ra viTareba-ambavzexdeba avtoris mier apokalifsis modern-izebuli Txroba, jer gaviazroT, Tu rasazrisi, ra mniSvneloba imaleba amisiqiT.

maS ase, ras niSnavs, rom apokalifsisteqsti `xelaxla daiwera~? an, rom misiteqsti àmuSavda~?

teqsti amuSavdeba ìm dros da im vi-TarebaSi~, roca isev moxdeba saganTaganyofa _ sikeTed da borotebad, anuamiT migveniSneba, rom saqarTvelo, viTkacobriobis erT-erTi saxe isev gamo-Zevebul iqneba samoTxidan (samoTxeagamTlianebuli saxelmwifo Tavisi maRa-li zneobiTa da RvTis rwmeniT cxadia,roman `giorgi brwyinvalis~ teqstismixedviT). radgan cTunebul iqmnenqarTvelni gvelisagan, romelic sazoga-dod iwodeboda, ùZvelesi eSmaki~. maTdaigemovnes ra Semecnebis xe, ganhyvessikeTe borotebisagan da cTunebulebmacodva ar moinanies, ris gamoc moxdaapokalifsi _ momxvdurTa batonoba,anu urCxulis aRzeveba.

amiT isic iTqmis, rom istoria (raze-dac ukve visaubre da isev ganvmeordebi)ganixileba ara marto rogorc mocemu-li faqtebis erToblioba, aramed isto-riaSi mocemuli faqtebi TavisTavad imeris, im mistikuri organizmis Semo-qmedebaa, romeli eris istoriasac vec-nobiT, anu visac es istoria gardaxdeba.

maSasadame, gamodis, rom istoriakanonzomieri movlenaa da mocemuli is-toriuli faqti erTdroulad mizez-Sedegia im Tavgadasavlisa, rac ers,rogorc mistikur subieqts gardaxdeba.

amiT isic iTqmis, rom yvela omi, yve-la gansacdeli, yvela sisastike Tu Ra-lati ar warmoadgens raRac SemTx-veviTs, garedan Tavs moxveul, gaugebarambavs, raRac uazrobas. ufro piriqiTaciTqmis, istoriaSi mimdinare ukleblivyvela ambavi, yvelaze moulodneli dadaujerebeli omi Tavad eris mistikurisubieqtis _ maradisobis (qronis) mieriwereba. roca qronosi qarTveli eTno-sis samosiT gvecxadeba, es imazedac mi-aniSnebs, rom is gardauvali kanonzom-ierebis gamoisobiT, qarTveli eris`sazRvrebidan,~ misi wiaRidan namd-vildeba. is im dasazRvrulobis, konkre-tulobis msaxuria, rac mis mierve cod-va-madlis sasworiT airwyveba da racqarTveli eris istoriis mizez-Sedego-brivi furclebicaa.

Cven kargad vicnobT aRmosavlur re-ligiebSi winare cxovrebis `Sejamebas~,romelsac karmad moiazreben, anu RvTi-

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uri samsjavros mier airwyveba codva-madli, romelic pirovnebis Semdgomi,momavali cxovrebis winapirobacaa.

magram Wabua amirejibi xazgasmasakeTebs imaze, rom is marTlmadide-bluri religiis wiaRidan mogviTxrobsistoriis `ambebs~ da am ganzraxviT iswindawinve romanis pirvelive gverde-bidanve migvaniSnebs apokalifsis te-qstze. da Tu ioanes gamocxadebaSi iw-ereba:

`_ movals Rame, odes vervis xel-ewifebis saqmed~.

sxvagvarad: maradiul yofierebasTanSedarebiT es wuTisofeli moklea damovals Jami da aqve axlo ars, rodesacTiToeulsac miegeba saqmeTaebr maTTa~(andria kesarieli).

romanSi ki am teqsts ase vkiTxulobT:`_ male unda gaTenebuliyo. Rrube-

li gaifanteboda, mzian, kaSkaSa dResdaiWerda, vicodi, magram mainc imRameze vfiqrobdi, xvalindel mziansrom unda mohyoloda~.<...>

im Rameze _ amiT avtori migvaniSnebsapokalifsze, romelic ukve araerTgzisiyo aRsrulebuli da isev aRsrulda,kerZod aq ikiTxeba mahmadianuri sam-yaros dapirispireba qristianul sam-yarosTan.

magram sakiTxavia, ratom iyo SesaZle-beli saqarTvelos gamoyvana am samsjav-roze qristes saxiT?

rogorc viciT, Cveni qarTveli mefee-bi Tavis RvTaebriv warmomavlobas im-TaviTve xazgasmas ukeTebdnen.

yvela qarTul wyaroSi, rogorc wesidaviT mefe moixsenieba `mesiis max-vilad~, xolo Tavis mier moWril mone-taze aRbeWdili iyo sityvebi: `mefeTamefe daviT, Ze giorgisi, mesiis maxvili~da rac mTavaria, es sityvebi arabulenaze ewera. riTac is mTel aRmosavlursamyaros mahmadianebis winaSe ganacxadsakeTebda, rom is saqristianos damcve-lia da mesiis maxvilia.~ amis safuZvelski mas aZlevda misi RvTaebrivi warmomav-loba. aki bagrationebi iwodebodnen:

iesian-daviTian-solomonianebad daamiT oficialurad cxaddeboda maTisagvareulos RvTaebrivi warmomavlobada ufleba mefobaze~.

TviT frangul qronikebSi saqarTve-lo gamodioda rogorc mTeli qristian-uli samyaros damcveli da qomagi. magal-

iTad, antioqiis samTavros frangi kan-cleris, goties qronikaSi Caiweradidgoris brZolis ambebi da calke moy-vanili aqvs daviT mefis sityvebi:

`_ <...> meomarno qristesano! Tu Rv-Tis sjulis dasacavad TavdadebiT vi-brZolebT, aramcTu eSmakis uricxv mim-devarTa, aramed TviT eSmakebsac ad-vilad davamarcxebT. <...> Cven, yvelamxelebis cisken apyrobiT Zlier RmerTsaRTqma mivceT, rom misi siyvarulisTvisam brZolis velze ufro davixocebiT,vidre gaviqceviT <...>~

uamravi saistorio wyaro gvidas-turebs im faqts, rom mTel im droindeldasavleT evropaSi saqarTvelos Zleva-mosili qristianuli saxelmwifos imijihqonda.

amitomac sulac ar iwvevs gakvirvebasis faqti, rom jer erTi didgoris omSiTurqebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi,qarTvelebTan erTad mxardamxar evro-peli raindebic ibrZodnen, (zust ricx-vsac asaxeleben _ 200 evropeli raindi),xolo meores mxriv, rom ierusalimidandaviTis jvari didxans inaxeboda pariz-is RvTismSoblis taZarSi.

moipoveba aseve utyuari cnoba, imisSesaxeb, ( kerZod, laTinurenovani qron-ika gvauwyebs), rom daviT IV ierusalimisjvarosanTa mefe balduins xSirad asaCu-qrebda gamorCeuli nivTebiT.

saqarTvelo upirvelesad qristianu-li samyaros Zlevamosilebas rom gana-saxierebda, amanac gamoiwvia TurqebiserTsulovani gamolaSqreba saqarTve-los winaaRmdeg (daviT aRmaSeneblisdros). istorikosebis ganmartebiTsaqarTvelos ganadgurebis gareSe isinimTel Zalebs ver mimarTavdnen siria-palestinaSi myofi jvarosnebis winaaRm-deg, raTa isev da isev goties ganmarte-biT mTeli Zalebi miemarTa ierusalimisada antioqiis dapyrobisa da iq mcxovre-bi qristianebis gasanadgureblad.saqarTvelos ara marto daviT aR-maSeneblis dros, aramed, sazogadod,aseTi didi misia saukuneebis ganmavlo-baSi gaaCnda.

Cven saTanadod ver SevafasebT da vergaviazrebT apokalifsis modernizebulteqsts, Tu ar ganvwoniT im mistikurikavSiris siRrmes, romelic arsebobsTamar mefisa da giorgi brwyinvales epo-qebs Soris, (cxadia avtoris interpre-

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taciiT) anu Tu ar gvecodineba, ratom,ra mizeziT mimarTavs cotne dadianiTamar mefis xanaSi mcxovreb ananialargvels, igive qarTveli eris krebiTsuls, fraziT:

<...> Sen is largveli anania ara xar,daniSmendi virSi rom gacvale?~

radgan ukve davadgineT, rom romanisteqstSi da aseve modernizebuli apoka-lifsis~ teqstSi saqarTvelos istori-is ori monakveTi mistikurad ukavSird-eba erTmaneTs Tamar mefisa (romelSicanania largvelis Tavgadasavali figur-irebs da warmoadgens giorgi brwyin-vales meeqvse inkarnacias) da giorgi V-is xanisa.

`apokalifsisis muxlobriv ganmarte-baSi~ vkiTxulobT (Tavi 5;7-8-9): `sule-bi, romlebic miwieri mijaWvulobis-gan gaTavisufldnen da zeciursmiewebnen, mefeebi xdebian, rameTu isi-ni WeSmaritad ufleben Tavis Tavze dayvela arsebebze. isini gaxdebianmRvdlebi, romlebic ganuwyvetlivswiraven msxverplad qebas. aseTebi aramxolod zecaSi mefoben _ maTi mefo-ba jer kidev dedamiwaze cxovrebisasiwyeba~.

maSasadame, anania largvelis mier mi-wieri samyarosagan ganTavisuflebam ga-napiroba zecis mier misi mefed kurTxe-va dedamiwaze, rac ukavSirdeba ananialargvelis mier daniSmendis virSi gada-cvlas.

magram anania largvelis mier miwierisamyarosagan Tavdaxsna, giorgi brwyin-vales mefed da mZled movlineba ukav-Sirdeba swored im ambavs, _ im samsjav-ros, romlis dedaazri Cagmanul-Casaid-umloebulia frazaSi: isini (mZleni _ J.s.) Tavad nadiroben drosa da viTareba-ze, mZleni arian da amad moinadirebenkidec~.

magram vidre am frazas aRviqvamdeTsaWiroa jer gairkves, vin aris daniSmen-di. avtori aqac, rogorc teqstis sxvanawilSi, axdens saxelmwifoTa person-ificirebas da subieqti _ daniSmendisxva aravin aris Tu ara daniSmendis di-nastia.

daniSmendis dinastia iyo Turqo-manebis dinastia, romelic marTavdaCrdilo da aRmosavleT anatolias XI-XIIsaukuneebSi. da rac CvenTvis yvelazemniSvnelovania, XII saukuneSi daniSmen-

debis dinastia metoqeobda rumis sa-sulTnos seljukebs. axla ki jeri dad-ga, davadginoT dro da viTareba, romel-Sic mimdinareobs daniSmendis virSi ga-dacvla.

rogorc roman `giorgi brwyin-valedan~ irkveva, es moxda anania largve-lis mier, maSasadame, mis dros. es ki,rogorc viciT, Tamar mefis xanaa, ufrozustad ki avtori Tumc TamaSobrivad damainc akeTebs ufro zust miniSnebas:

`_ jer dvini sad iyo, trapizoni, karida basiani <...> anu (avtori dawvrilebiTmogviTxrobs, Tu riT iwyeba igavSi Casai-dumloebuli ambavi _ J. s.) Samqorisomis welsve momiyvanes anania. <...> ara,is sityva momwons imTaviTve, elCma ro-qnadinis (zogi istorikosi wers _ ru-qnadini _ J. s.) wigni rom moitana daamirejibma beRem uTargmna Tamars, _ Tudamnebdebi, yovelives mogiteveb, xas-ad meyolebio da amis gamgone zaqariamxargrZelma, RmerTo, naTelSi amyofesuli misi, ybaSi muSti uxeTqa, ugonodpirqve dasca elCi, odes aRadgines dagons moego, zaqariam uTxra, _ Sen romelCi ara iyo, jereT enisa aRmokveTaiqneboda xvedri Seni da mermeTRaTavisao!..~

maS ase, dakonkretda dro, roca dan-iSmendis virSi gadacvla moxda da es XIIsaukunea, radgan anania largveli Tamarmefis xanaSi cxovrobda. da Cven isev mo-vixiblebiT avtoris virtuozuli, saSem-sruleblo daxelovnebiT, radgan is ax-erxebs fantastikur-mistikuri istori-ografiidan moulodnelad gadagviy-vanos istoriis uklebliv yvela sax-elmZRvaneloSi aRnusxuli faqtebisgaremocvaSi. modiT, jer im faqt-doku-mentis zogad monaxazs davjerdeT,romelSic aRmovCndiT. maS ase, gavixse-noT kargad nacnobi istoriuli faqti,rom saqarTvelos gazrdil saerTa-Soriso avtoritets ver Seeguen Turq-ni da gadawyvites mZlavri koaliciurilaSrobis mowyoba Tamar mefis winaaRm-deg~. da roca aqve wavikiTxavT, rombaRdadis xalifam mahmadianuri msof-lios sulierma meTaurma waaqeza isinida Zlevamosilebis simbolod TavisidroSa gamougzavna. Cven gumani gvikar-naxebs, rom isev da isev im igavs mivade-qiT, romlis `amoxsna~, interpretaciadavisaxeT miznad da Tanac aristoteles

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`metafizikis~ postmodernistuli gada-TamaSebiT. da kanonzomieria vifiqroT,rom apokalifsis wigniT istoriis wak-iTxva, anu apokalifsuri samsjavroswored im ambav-igavSia Casaidumloebu-li, romlis citireba ukve movaxdine.

maS ase, gavixsenoT es igavi:`baRdadis bazarze ananiam aristote-

les metafizikis~ ZvelTaZveli xelnaw-eri naxa, suli aukawkawda. sakmarisifuli ar hqonda. qalaqgareT sabalaxodmiSvebul mSvenier ulays daadga Tvali.palvandi axsna. im dRes ulayic gaiyidada aristotelec ananiasi Seiqna. is fo-lianti Cvens saswavlebelSi iyo, sanamyvelafers qari waiRebda. eg aris, cxeniananias maspinZlisa aRmoCnda, erTobSewuxebuli daxvda. largvelma aTi dRisTavze ulayi maspinZels mohgvara, sima-rTle uTxra da mas mere ananiasbaRdadel maspinZelze ukeTesi megobariduniaze sxva aRaravin hyolia~.

Tavad aristoteles `metafizikis~(rac araerTgzis aRvniSne, saZiebeli sa-gania samyaros pirvelmizezi, substan-cia, maSasadame, RvTaebrivi sagnebi.ufro zustad ki, wignis mTavari sakv-levi obieqtia _ RmerTi da RvTaebrivibuneba) SesyidvaSi ki moiazreba qris-tianuli sarwmunoebis xelaxaliaRorZineba da misi siwmindeebis dab-runeba saqarTveloSi (razedacdawvrilebiT visaubrebT).

magram isic dasadgenia, ra igulisxme-ba baRdadis bazrobaSi? ufro zustadki, sainteresoa vikiTxoT, Tu ratom xde-ba anania largvelis mier aristoteles`metafizikis~ Sesyidva maincdamaincbaRdadis bazrobaze?

roca teqstSi xazgasmiT iwereba araubralod baRdadi, aramed baRdadis ba-zroba, amiT migveniSneba, rom bazari aqmsoflio RirebulebaTa, faseuloba-Ta gacvla-gamocvlis adgilis aRmniS-vnelia.

da misaxvedria, rom baRdadi aramar-to konkretuli geografiuli saxel-wodebaa, aramed mas postmodernistuliJanrisTvis niSneuli ramodenime kodigaaCnia.

sainteresoa, rom integralurad ga-daTamaSebuli saqarTvelos istoriisorive monakveTSi Tamar mefisa da gior-gi brwyinvales mefobis xanaSi figur-irebs sityva baRdadi. is, erTdroulad

geografiuli adgilicaa da pirovnebisaRmniSvneli saxelwodebac.

Tu XII saukunis saqarTvelos igiveTamar mefis, igive romanis teqstismixedviT qarTveli eris krebiTi sulis– anania largvelis istorias vkiTxu-lobT, maSin baRdadSi udaod moiazrebabaRdadis xalifa _ mahmadianurimsoflios sulieri meTauri.

(xolo Tu giorgi brwyinvales dro XIVsaukunea, maSin gagvaxsendeba, romswored baRdadSi moxda mahmadianurimsoflios meTaurTan, egviptis sulTan-Tan giorgi brwyinvales Sexvedra, raccxadia, sul sxva saubris Temaa.)

maS ase, SevecadoT, daniSmendis vir-Si gadacvla~ wavikiTxoT Tamar mefisxanaSi.

romanis mesame karSi xdeba aramartoambis axsna-ganmartebiTi moyola, anu av-tori gadmoscems ara marto ra moxda,aramed imasac, Tu ratom moxda es ambavi,anu ambis arss apokalifsis modernize-bul interpretaciaSi, metafizikurplanSi warmogvidgens.

aq cxadia, erTi mxriv, avtori aristo-teles azris interpretirebasa da il-ustirebas axdens, (radgan mkiTxvelsisev Sevaxseneb, rom romanis teqsti war-moadgens aristoteles `metafizikis~posmodernistul gadaTamaSebas) ker-Zod, aristoteles mixedviT:

`mizezi ar aris cdaSi. cdagviCvenebs imas, Tu ra aris, magram araimas, Tu ratom aris da rogor aris isase da ara sxvanairad~.

maSasadame, Tu mizezi ar aris cdaSigamodis, rom istoriis mocemuloba, faq-ti-cda ver gadmogvcems imas, Tu ramizezi imaleba mis miRma. Wabua amireji-bi vizioneruli xilviTa da apokalif-suri suraTebiT swored istoriis arssgvimJRavnebs, anu istoriuli faqtismiRma mdgom mizezs ganmartavs.

maS, ase: istoriis arsis dasadgenaderTmaneTs waefineba da ase erT konte-qstSi waikiTxeba ori kiTxva:

_ ras niSnavs konkretul situaciaSianania largvelis mier aristoteles`metafizikis~ Sesyidva-mopoveba baRda-dis bazrobaze?

anu ras niSnavs daniSmendis,`sulTnis toli~ daniSmendis _ virSigadacvla anania largvelis mier.

maS ase, SevTanxmdeT, rom apokalifsis

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wigni `xelaxla iwereba~xolo qristesada antiqristes Sesaxeb teqstSi ubral-od iTqmis:

`anania largveli (igive qarTvelieris krebiTi suli) saiTRac apirebs, arvici, ierusalimSi Tu meqaSi~.

da aseTi interpretacia SesaZlebe-lia, radgan antiqristes Sesaxeb swavle-baSi asea Cawerili:

<...> antiqristeni SeiZleba ewodoT...Zveli da axali drois yvela mwvalebels,romlebic ryvnidnen da amaxinjebdnenqristianul swavlebas; da yvela Zvel daaxal uRmerToebs~.

anu, ori religia: qristianuli - ieru-salimSi da mahmadianuri - meqaSi gana-saxierebs qristesa da antiqristes, wmin-da giorgisa da urCxulis dapirispire-basa da brZolas.

roman `giorgi brwyinvalis~ teqstSivkiTxulobT:

<...> am dros isnis xidis mxridanmodarde iakofas sayviris xma moisma.

<...> wamiT minelebul JriamulSisayvirma kvlav da metis JiniT, metisvnebiT gamosca xma. es arc raime hangisnawyveti iyo, arc gabmuli, royio Rria-li _ sami sruliad gansxvavebuli, mZaf-ri da sazareli dabgereba mosdevda erT-maneTs, TiTqos warsulis codvebis,wuTisoflis amaoebis da momaval gan-sacdelTa gamo mosTqvamda erTmaneTis-gan cxra-cxra mTiT daSorebuli moza-reebis sami gundi <...>

<...> (ionaTams _ J. s.) modarde iako-fas sayviris kivili gulze orTav qvey-nidan monaqrol muqarad xvdeboda, afo-riaqebda, wonasworobas akargvinebda~.

da gaTviTcnobierebuli mkiTxveliumal Caswvdeba rom avtori apokalif-sis wignis sruliad Tavisufal inter-pretacias gvTavazobs:

`_ ityvis ufali winaswarmetyvelismier: CabereT sayvirs sionze, daeciTyiJini Cems wminda mTaze! dae, SeZrwund-nen qveynis mkvidrni, radgan uflis dRemodis, axlovdeba!~

`_ nu hgonebT, viTarmed moved memofenad mSvidobisa queyanasa zeda; aramoved mifenad mSvidobisa, aramed max-vilisa~ (maTe, 10/34).

apokalifsis muxlobrivis zogierTiganmmarteblis azriT, didi mTa aqxatovnad aRniSnavs did devnas, romel-ic romis mTel gigantur imperiaSi

qristes mimdevrebis winaaRmdeg iyo gaC-aRebuli. am dros qristianTa sisxlidaujerebeli raodenobiT daiRvara,romelic aq zRvis mesamed nawilTan arisSedarebuli.

Tumca romanSi romaelTa _ war-marTul RmerTebsa da qristianebs Sorisdapirispirebis nacvlad muslimanur daqristianul samyaroTa Soris brZolasada winaaRmdegobaze mimdinareobssaubari.

avtoris apokalifsuri xilva erTg-vari Teatraluri sanaxaobaa da ise or-ganulad erwymis erTmaneTs bufonadada groteski, rom es gaTamaSebuli sisa-dave Tavisi damajereblobiT gabrmavebskidec . Wabua amirejibi wers:

`kadonebisken mxedari Tu qveiTi man-daturebiT garSemortymuli mozrdilimsvleloba moemarTeboda. win sasulie-ro wvrilfexobiT Tanxlebuli sionisdekanosi javardnis bakuniT motus-tusebda. sunitebis yadi taxtrevaniTmohqondaT yuliebs; taxtrevans aqeT-iqidan ramdenime mola umSvenebda mx-ars; abulasani, didi basris msajulida largveli anania cxenebze isxdnen,meliqi _ jorze; msvlelobas veebaqolgebiTa da rbili, foCiani jorkoe-biT axonxlili mxleblebis gundi as-rulebda, xolo msvlelobisgan ociodenabijiT win brbos modarde iakofa moar-Rvevda, xelT Tavisi ganuyreli sayviriepyra, Tavze wowola CaCi exura, welzeerTi Sulo Toki exvia, gavas grZeli,fumfula kudi umSvenebda~.

mTeli es Teatralizebuli sanaxaobamigvaniSnebs, rom avtorisTvis, rogorces araerT wignSi aris dawerili, samyaroscenaa, xolo TiToeuli adamiani msaxio-bi, romelic RmerTis kosmiur dramaSimonawileobs. albaT, amis gamoa rom ro-manis kiTxvisas sizmar-cxadis STabeWd-ileba ar gvSordeba, boroti Zala, anti-qristes msaxuri _ modarde iakofa ur-cxvad sargeblobs angelozis uflebiTda sayvirebs Cahyvirebs, xolo misi eS-makis damadasturebeli niSani kudi, mx-olooden Teatralur Tokze mobmulifumfula kudis imitacias dasjerdeba.

ioanes gamocxadebaSi, apokalifsismuxlobriv ganmartebaSi weria: sayvire-bi aRniSnavs RmerTisagan misi msaxureb-isaTvis micemul xelmwifebas, romgaavrcelon WeSmariteba, iwinaswar-

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metyvelon, aswavlon, gamoasworon, da-sajon da ase Semdeg, da es macxonebelixmebi yvela mokvdavis rogorc xorciel,iseve sulier smenamde aRwevs~ (Tavi 8.1:2).

roca teqstSi vkiTxulobT, rom mah-madianuri samyaros warmomadgeneli,qristianuli msoflaRqmiT satana,Cahyvirebs sayvirebs, anu roca warmov-idgenT, rom is angelozis, RvTis xmasganasaxierebs, Cven uneburad siciliagvivardeba da imasac gavisigrZeganebT,(rac ukve aRvniSne da isev ganvmeorde-bi), rom am sanaxaobis Janri xan bu-fonadaa, xan ki groteski. am TamaSiT av-tori migvaniSnebs, rom aq erTgvari sasa-marTlo unda gaimarTos, anu qristian-ul da mahmadianur samyaroebs SorisurTierToba (`Semajamebeli saubari~ _J. s.) unda Sesdges.

rogorc araerTgzis aRvniSneT,apokalifsuri sasamarTlos gansjis sa-gania vinme daniSmendi _ sulTnistoli kaci _ TurqTa dinastia.

rogorc istoriuli wyaroebidanirkveva, swored isini iyvnen, vinc saqar-Tvelos saerTaSoriso avtoritets verSeeguen da vinc gailaSqra ara martosaqarTvelos, rogorc qveynis winaaRm-deg, aramed qristianobis damcvelisa damisi ganmasaxierebeli saqristiano sam-yaros winaaRmdegac.

rogorc cnobilia, Turqebma didixnis ganzraxva aRasrules da koalici-uri laSqroba wamoiwyes saqarTveloswinaaRmdeg, radgan im droindel msof-lioSi Tamar mefis saqarTvelos avtori-teti dRiTidRe izrdeboda, rasac mahma-dianuri samyaro verafriT ver dauSveb-da.

istoriuli wyaroebidan isic irkveva,rom TurqTa dinastia (romanis simbo-lur teqstSi personificirebulia ro-gorc vinme daniSmendi) waqezebuli iqnabaRdadis xalifisagan, romelmac Tavi-si uZlevelobis simbolod Tamar mefesTavisi droSa gamougzavna.

magram omi mxolod maSin daiwyo roca,iranis adarbaganis amira abu-beqrimdaipyro Tamar mefis ymadnafici qveya-na Sarvani da cxadia, Sarvanis Sahma Sem-weoba Tavis mfarvels Tamar mefes SesTx-ova. istoriuli wyaroebidan gvecnoba,rom 1195 wels SamqorTan brZolaSiqarTvelebma Tamar mefis qmris daviT

soslanis meTaurobiT daamarcxes aseuzomod aRzevebuli abu-beqari dadaibrunes oSki, xaxuli da bana. 1203 welsukve Sah-armenTa samflobelo da-laSqres qarTvelebma da Turqebs waar-Tves mTeli rigi qalaqebi: arjeSi, fana-skerti, da at-tini.

istoriuli wyaroebi gvidasturebenfriad skandalur ambavs, rom bizantiiskeisarma qarTvel berebs, romelTacxelT hqondaT Tamar mefis mier gaRebu-li qonebrivi Sewiruloba, es fuliyovelgvari axsna-ganmartebis gareSe,maT unebarTvod CamoarTves da mi-isakuTres.

cxadia, iseTi Tavmoyvare da Zlierisaxelmwifo, rogoric maSindeli Tamarmefis saqarTvelo iyo, aseT Seuracxyo-fas ver aitanda da Tamar mefis reaq-ciamac ar daayovna. man saqarTvelosmxedroba Segnebulad bizantiis im sana-piros Seusia, romelSic qarTveli tome-bi saxlobdnen. eseni iyvnen: Wanebi anulazebi. saqarTvelom brZolis Sedegadmoipova: trapizoni, lazistani (igiveheraklea), samsoni, sinopi, kerasunti,aiRo kotiora da arakliamde miaRwia.ufro metic, saqarTvelom am dapyro-bili miwebisagan Seqmna `trapizonissamefo~ da is bizantias CamoarTva,romelSic Tamarma berZeni ufliswuli,dedis mxriv misi naTesavi da saqar-TveloSi gazrdili aleqsi komnianosigaamefa. trapizonis samefos Camoyali-beba Tamar mefis mier, jer erTi qarTve-li dinastiiT da umravles SemTxvevaSiqarTuli mosaxleobiT musulmanurisamyarosTvis is gzavnili iyo, rom kon-stantinopolSi damarcxebuli bizantiaagrZelebs arsebobas da rom marTma-dideblurma eklesiam da berZnulma enamaq hpova samkvidro.

trapizonis samefos mxolod arsebo-ba ukve ori mimarTulebiT awarmoebda`brZolas~ Tu, erTis mxriv, es iyo brZo-la konstantinopolSi ukve kargadfexmokidebuli `laTin~ dampyroblismisamarTiT, meores mxriv, es iyo, rumis(ikonis) sasulTnos misamarTiT (romel-ic dRiTidRe Zlierdeboda) .

da musulmanurma samyarom reaqcia ardaayovna. rumis sulTanma omiT upasuxasaqarTvelos (basianis omi).

me Segnebulad vixseneb istoriulfaqtebs, raTa mkiTxvelma kargad gaac-

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nobieros, rom romanSi zogierTi isto-riuli faqti Secvlilia. kerZod, bizan-tiis keisris mier qarTveli berebis gaZ-arcvis faqti avtoris mier moTxrobil-ia, rogorc Tamar mefis mier Cafiqrebu-li eSmakoba _ provokacia, romelsacaRasrulebs mis mier inspirirebuli ana-nia largveli da cotne dadiani, da maSas-adame, avtoris aranJirebiT, istoriulifaqti _ berebis gaZarcva moxdeba maTidavalebiTa da waqezebiT.

da isev romanis teqsts Tu mivyvebiTes eSmakoba-xriki sababad `gamoiyena~Tamar mefem, romelmac uflebamosile-ba moipova aResrulebina didi xnis gan-zraxva da Seeqmna bizantiaSi Tavisi same-fo _ trapizonis samefo.

da anania largvelis (saqarTvelos)erT-erTi didi warmateba _ swored amambavs ukavSirdeba, kerZod, rogorcukve aRvniSneT, trapizonis samefosdaarsebas, rac Tavisi SinaarsiT qris-tianuli samyaros gamarjvebas warmoad-genda mahmadianur samyaroze.

romanis teqstidan gamomdinare romTu apokalifsur sasamarTloze musli-manuri samyaro – daniSmendi saqarTve-los brals sdebs, rom is sastiki dampy-robeli iyo, qarTuli saqristiano sam-yaro piriqiT, Tavs imarTlebs, rom mismier warmoebuli omebi TavdacviT xasi-aTs atarebs.

da es arc aris gasakviri, radgan saqmeSeexeba apokalifsis samsjavros, rom-lis drosac moxdeba gansja-gasamar-Tleba marTalTa da cruTa, monanulTada codvilTa Soris.

avtori didostatis simsubuqiT, vir-tuozuli monasmiT axerxebs ironiul-orazrovani teqsti SemogvTavazos:

`tyve Turqma, imdeni didkacoba romdainaxa, mxrebSi gaiSala, gaifxora daiqaurobas iseTi rixiT dauwyo yureba,viTom eseni modaveebi iyvnen, sxvebi _mowmeebi da Tavad ki sacaa amaTi davisgansjas unda Sesdgomoda~.

magram apokalifsuri samsjavros sai-dumlo Sifrs, igavs `daniSmendis virSigadacvlasa~ da `anania largvelis mieraristoteles `metafizikis~ Sesyidvas~,verc verafers gavugebT, Tu minimum orkiTxvaze pasuxs ar miviRebT.

pirveli kiTxva: vin aris daniSmendi?da Cven amaze pasuxi ukve gagvaCnia. dan-iSmendi TurqTa dinastiaa, xolo meore

kiTxva aseTia: ra simboluri datvirTvaaqvs virs?

rogorc aseT teqstebSi, kerZod,postmodernistul teqstebSi xdeba,erTdaigive simbolos sxvadasxva urT-ierTgamomricxveli mniSvneloba,datvirTva aqvs. Sesabamisad, am SemTx-vevaSic ase moiazreba viris simboloc.

roca ananias mier warmoiTqmis fraza,rom daniSmendi virSi unda gada-icvaloso, daniSmendi, rogorc teqstSiiwereba: `muxlebze daenarcxa, lomebrabrdRvinda...~

daniSmendi virSi mainc gaicvleboda.modarde iakofam es albaT taniT igrZnoda daiZaxa:

`_ weril ars _ ara ganscado ufa-li Seni! _ daiZaxa da Tavis sazarelsayvirs misdga~.

da iqve:daniSmendi ki Tavis takimasxaraobaSi

iyo garTuli, magram axla yovelives _ananias (saqarTvelos simbolos misamar-TiT akeTebda _ J. s.) _ qamandiT daiWer-da, xangrZlivad, dabejiTebiT axrCobda,mere mklavs sWrida, Wrilobas peSvsuSverda da Camonaden sisxls siam-ovnebiT, gancxromiT Tqvlef-Tqvle-fiT miirTmevda. daecleboda peSvi daimaves imeorebda boRmisgan gondakargu-li tyve~.

avtoris mier aranJirebuli teqstiTdaniSmendi ganasaxierebs muslimanurisamyaros ciliswamebas qarTveli saqris-tianos misamarTiT. muslimanuri sam-yaros ciliswamebaze, mis cru ambiciazemianiSnebs is `faqti~, rom qarTulsaqristianos isini gansjian viT an-gelozni, Tumca sinamdvileSi angeloz-is nacvlad modarde iakofa dgas mosa-marTlisa da moqadagis rolSi, romel-sac bufonadis personaJis darad, Tea-tralur Tokze mimagrebuli fumfulakudi amSvenebs da virs im Tvisebas miaw-ers, rac ucxoa am uwyinari cxovelis-Tvis. daniSmendis Teatraluri warmod-gena Seesabameba Zvelegviptur warmod-genas, romlis mixedviTac viri raRacdemonur, ucnaur interpretacias iZens.mas saxedars ukavSirebdnen da miawerd-nen osirisis (mokvdav da kvlav gacocx-lebad bunebas) mkvlelobas, aigivebdnensikvdilis RvTaeba retTan, amitomacviris aRmniSvneli ieroglifi warmoad-genda _ mxarSi Cacemul danas.

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osirisi sikvdilisa da kvlav gacocx-lebis Semdeg miwisqveSa samyaros mbrZa-nebeli gaxda. osirisis kulti karga xansseriozul winaaRmdegobas uwevda qris-tianobas.

maS ase, daniSmendis survilia, ase iq-nas aRqmuli viris simbolo, anu raSic isunda gadaicvalos, anu ris safasuradunda gamoixsnan igi, avtori igavis eniTgviyveba, rom daniSmendi Tamar mefesa damis samefoSi mcxovreb qarTvel saqris-tianos miawers mkvlelis saxes viris ase-Ti interpretaciiT. sinamdvileSi ki,viri ra mosazrebiT iqna gadacvlilisul sxva Sinaarsisaa.

rogorc istoriuli wyaroebidan vic-iT, wayenebuli brali Tamar mefisadmimuslimanTa amoxocvisa ciliswamebaa daqarTvelTa mxridan is mxolod sapasuxoreaqcia iyo aRdgomis dResaswaulze 12aTasi qristianis amoJletaze.

meore mniSvnelobiT, anu wminda qris-tianul tradiciaSi magaliTad, ironiz-irebiT, TamaSobrivad iTqmis viris me-ore, namdvil mniSvnelobaze:

`_ kaso, samasi drahkani! ...viria, uf-lis suli xom ar aris?!~

diax, teqstSi iwereba: _ uflissuli.

avtori mogviTxrobs igavis enaze, Turogor SesZlo Tamar mefem qristianulidaTmeniT, SemwynareblobiTa da Tavmd-ablobiT moepovebina megobruli urT-ierToba TviT aiubielTa egviptis sax-elmwifosTan. ris gamoc amieridanmusulmanebs aekrZalaT qristianTa dev-na-wvaleba. xolo qarTvelebs uflebamiecaT cxenze amxedrebulni, TavianTidroSiT yovelgvari gadasaxadebis ga-reSe Sesuliyvnen ierusalimSi. Tamarma200 aTas dinarad gamoixsna qristesjvari, romelzedac qristes jvarcma iyogamosaxuli.

apokalifsuri samsjavro iakofamodardis SegonebiT mTavrdeba:

`qristianebo! mova Tqvens Tavs daTx-rai orTav TvalTa, Tqvengan moTxriliserTisa Tvalis nacvalgebad! _ dasayvirs misdga~.

`_ ekrZaleniT, qristianebo, ge-binebas Surisa da mizRvas borotebisaborotebiTve!..~

mandaturebma xelaxla mTeli ZaliTgaswies. am dros mandaturma kadonzedakvanZul iakofas Toks xanjali dahkra,

mandaturebma Tavi veRar Seimagres, ya-dis taxtrevans miawydnen, gadaabrunes.Svidi Tu rva kaci zedaxoraSi Caigorg-la.

vinc Wabua amirejibis am wigns daige-movnebs, im gasaocari teqstis tyveoba-Si aRmoCndeba, sadac azrovneba da viz-ioneruli Wvreta erTmaneTs ki ar enacv-lebian, aramed mudam erTdroulad war-moqmnian suraT-xatebs. aqac antiqri-stes, eSmakis simbolo Cndeba modardeiakofas fumfula Tok-kudis gawyvetisSemdgom, da Cvens winaSe ucnauri gvelisvizioni warmoCndeba Svidi-rva Cagorg-lili kacis saxiT. da swored am drosmoxdeba daniSmendis mier viris kiserSixanjlis Cacema. da vidre sacodavi cx-oveli waiqceoda, misTvis Tavis moWra.

apokalifsuri samsjavro am qmedebiTaRsrulda, viris WeSmariti saxe – uflissuli daniSmendma daundoblad mokla,riTac erTis mxriv gaamJRavna TavisiTavi da meores mxriv, aRiara Tavisi dan-aSauli mTeli saqristiano samyaroswinaSe. ase Tavdeba apokalifsuri sam-sjavro _ romelzedac ganixileba mah-madianuri samyaro da saqristianoqarTvelebis urTierTbrZola.

imis nacvlad, rom SiSismomgvreli daTavzardamcemi Txis rqebiTa da eSmakiskudiT SemogvTavazos borotebis gan-masaxierebeli personaJi – vinmemodarde iakofa _ dardis (RvTaebrivisSemcnobi sityvis ironizirebiT avtorisatanis groteskul saxes gvTavazobs,radgan apokalifsuri xilvebis TxrobaaSkarad groteskul-ironiulSi gada-dis, da am Teatralur bufonadaSiuarsebiTesi sakiTxis samsjavro undaSesdges.

igavurad ki es ase lakoniurad da sx-artad gamoiTqmis:

_ vinme daniSmendis virSi gadacv-la.

daniSmendis virSi gadacvlis simbo-lo ufro metad gaiSifreba~, roca Tam-ar mefe ananias (saqarTvelos simbolos)pirdapir gadascems Tavis jvars.

da avtori Tavis Cveul xelweras arcaq Ralatobs da ase aRwers Tamar mefismimarTvas anania largvelisadmi:

`_ qsnelo ananiav, msmenia taxtiswinaSe Sens damsaxurebaTa da piruTvnelmsaxurebaTa gamo. samefos saxeliTmogaxseneb madlobas, garna ar iyo dan-

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iSmendis mimarT Seni warsuli saqcieliswori, rameTu Cvenis rwmeniT _ romel-man aRimaRlos Tavi, damdabldeba igi daama codvis monanieba gmarTebs. momiax-lovdi!

da miuxedavad avtoris Cveuli ironi-ul-sarkastuli postmodernistulistilisa, mjera, mkiTxveli atirdeba,roca romanis am teqsts gaecnoba da`TvalnaTliv~ ixilavs saqarTvelosdidebas:

`...videq, jvars Cavcqerodi. sigrZivlalebiT, siganiv iagundebiT, Suaze msx-vili lalebiT iyo gawyobili. Cavc-qerodi da erTaderTi fiqri mqonda, _es ras moveswari-meTqi!~

imis dasturad, rom apokalifsur sam-sjavroze saqarTvelo qristeanuli sam-yaros warmomadgeneli, kerZod ki amSemTxvevaSi anania largveli imarjvebsmahmadianur samyarosTan mimarTebaSi,avtori akeTebs alegoriul – simbolurminiSnebas qarTveli eris krebiTi sulis`wiaRSi~ - qristes xelaxal movlinebaze.es miniSneba miniSneba teqstSi ramden-jerme xdeba:

`ekvderSi viyav. sanam iRumenias mo-miyvandnen, wamTvlima da sizmari vnaxe:caze wiTeli, nacrisferi da SaviRrublebi erTmaneTSi Caxveuliyvnen, xanromeli wamovidoda zemoT, xan romeli.

kargad maxsovs, wiTelma gadafarayvela da Suagulidan TeTri nabdis naW-erSi gaxveuli ram wamovida Cemken. wam-ovida, metaka da gamaRviZa...~

am (Rrublis) simbolikiT gansakuTre-biT gajerebulia saRvTo werili: Rrube-li aq xan cecxlovani svetia~, xan dide-bis Rrubeli~, xan ki ubralod `RvTisRrubeli~ _ Tavad uflisagan Seqmnili,RvTaebrivi sibrZnisa Tu Zlierebis ga-momsaxveli `ciuri WurWeli~.

xolo Rrubeli rom wiTeli ferisaa,kidev erTxel xazs gausvams imas, giorgibrwyinvales mefobis dros, rom yrmadaviTi, ieso qristes simbolur mov-linebaze, anu qristianobis aRorZineba-ze mianiSnebs.

Sejamebis saxiT vityvi, rom giorgibrwyinvalis sizmari Tu gancxadebaayrma daviTis movlinebisa, is amav droserTgvari dadasturebaa apokalifsursamsjavroze gamarjvebuli saqris-tianos aRzevebisa. (aki daviTis Stodanmoevlina kacobriobas ieso qriste, rac

araerTgzis aRvniSne).

10. uCveulo postmodernizmi

Wabua amirejibi roman `giorgi brwy-invaleSi~ Txrobas iwyebs postmodern-istuli TamaSis `laRi formiT~ fantas-tikur-mistikuri istoriografiidan,romelic xan igavis, xan meditaciurisaubris, xan eseistur-filosofiuriTxrobis formas iRebs, xan ki CvenTviskargad nacnob istoriul faqtad, doku-menturi Txrobis nimuSad gardaisaxeba,riTac sagrZnobsa da sacnobs xdis ukvecnobili faqtebisa da dokumentebisiqiT eris istoriis sruliad gansxvave-bul versias, ufro zustad ki am istori-is aqamde dafarul arss.

aseTia, magaliTad, leonti mrovelismier moTxrobili `qarTlis cxovreba~,romlis kerZo saTauria: `cxovrebasaqarTuelTa mefeTasa, da pirvelTaganTamamaTa da naTesavTa~. Tavdapirvelad,avtori qarTvelTa bibliad wodebul amwignis teqsts mxolod da mxolod Tavis-ufali interpretaciiT yveba, oRondac(rogorc ukve aRvniSne) mas Sekvecil-aranJirebul saxes aZlevs, romelSicmoulodnelad misi, avtoris (W. amireji-bis) teqsti Cndeba, romelic sabolooderwymis ise organulad `qarTlis cx-ovrebis~ aranJirebul teqsts, romgauTviTcnobierebeli mkiTxveli maserT mTlianobad aRiqvams (razedac ukvedawvrilebiT visaubre pirvel esseSi`dafaze carciT dawerili teqstis waS-lis daxelovneba~, gv. 5-6).

sainteresoa avtoris postmoderniz-mis JanrisTvis niSneuli orazrovanistili, misi weris manera. amisTvis ganvix-iloT Tundac pirvel gverdze ganTavse-buli es fragmenti:

`Tavxedni da urcxvni Seiqnen mon-Rolni sakuTari Zlevamosilebis rw-meniT iyo esa. irwmunebdnen, maS rogoriqneboda _ mTeli azia mamulad da sa-Zovrad ise daipyres, damarcxebisa araicodnen ra~.

monRolTa sisastike da urCxulise-bri buneba rom dagvanaxos, avtori maTwarmogvidgens ise, TiTqosda kasrisbnel fskerze brZoliT garTul vir-Tagvebs Cahyurebdes, romelTagan yve-laze mxdali, sikvdilis SiSisgangondakarguli virTagva-monRoli _ Ta-

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visi siTavxediTa da urcxvobiT akeTebssasikvdilo naxtoms da Tavis gadasarCe-nad sxva virTagvas klavs.

avtori xazgasmiT erTdaigive epi-Tets gamoiyenebs, rogorc monRolebis,aseve virTagva-kaciWamiis misamarTiT`Tavxedni da ucxvni~, riTac gvimJRav-nebs, rom teqstSi Sesamusri urCxul-vi-Targvas monRolni ganasaxiereben.

maTi usulobis, moSvebulobisa dacxovelTan identurobis aRsaniSnavadavtori meore epiTetsac gamoiyenebs:

<...> mTeli azia mamulad da sa-Zovrad ise daipyres, damarcxebisa araicodnen ra~.

modiT, jer istoriuli wyaroebiTavxsnaT mocemuli teqsti:

`monRolebi or mTavar jgufad iyo-fodnen: monRolebad da TaTrebad.saqarTveloSi da sxva qveynebSic mon-Rolebs Cveulebrivad TaTrebs eZaxd-nen. isini STamomavlobiTa da eniTTurqebs enaTesavebodnen. maTi samSob-lo centraluri azia iyo~.

meore amonaridiT:`velad mosaxle monRolebi mesaqon-

leobas misdevdnen, romelic momTabar-eobis principze iyo damyarebuli: zafx-ulad isini mTaSi adiodnen, zamTrad kibarad Camodiodnen. miwaTmoqmedeba maTar hqondaT, xvna-Tesvas ar misdevdnen.mesaqonleobis mTavar dargad mecxeneo-ba iTvleboda, radgan cxeni maTTvisZvirfasi iyo, rogorc sawveli cxovel-ic: isini cxenis rZesa svamdnen da amasgarda, sxva xorcze metad, umTavresadcxenis xorciT ikvebebodnen~.

n. berZeniSvili, iv. javaxiSvili, s.janaSia, saqarTvelos istoria~, gv. 206.

maSasadame, pirdapiri mniSvnelobi-Tac monRolTa momTabare tomisTvis sa-Zovari saarsebod aucilebeli iyo.

roca avtori wers: `mTeli azia mamu-lad da saZovrad ise daipyres, damarcx-ebisa ara icodnen ra~, aq, rogorc roma-nis sxva nawilSi avtori ironizebasukeTebs azrs, anu orgvari mniSvnelobiTdawers. magaliTad, mTeli azia daipyresmamulad~.

erTis mxriv, Tu ironizirebaa samSob-lod, mamulad miikuTvnos vinmem sxvisiteritoria, meore mxriv, am saTuTi, uZ-virfasesi sityvis mamulis CasmiT te-qstSi grotesks viRebT.

xolo rac Seexeba meore sityvas sa-

Zovrad, imaze mimaniSneblad iwereba,rom monRolni metismetad ganuviTare-belni, cxoveluri bunebisani iyvnen.radgan saZovrad daipyres, SeiZlebagveTqva cxovelis Sesaxeb, an cxenTa re-maze, an cxvris faraze, an Zroxis nax-irze. aq ironizirebaa, mware dacinva daniSnisgebaa uRirsi mtrisa.

roman `giorgi brwyinvaleSi~ post-modernistuli TamaSis uCveuloba imaSimdgomareobs, rom postmodernis-tisTvis safrTxobelad da qimerad aRi-arebuli cnebebi da Rirebulebebi isevazrs iZenen. Tu giunTer grasis uaR-resad kritikuli mosazreba hegelis sax-elmwifos Sesaxeb, romelic Sesabamiso-baSia postmodernistul TamaSTan, mag.is wers: `hegelis istoriis filosofia,<...> istorias erTgvar avtoritetulo-bas _ erTgvar uzenaess azrs aniWebs~.

da miuxedavad imisa, rom romanis yve-la ambavi uCveulo postmodernistulTamaSSi xdeba, am gadaTamaSebisas sax-elmwifos hegeliseuli klasikuridasazRvra, isev da isev aRsdgeba da Sei-Zleba isev hegelis filosofiis Sesabam-isad gveTqva:

`_ saxelmwifo, amtkicebda hegeli,absoluturad zneobrivi mTlianobaa~.

z. smiTi, `franc kafka romaniswinaaRmdeg~.

am postmodernistulad gadaTamaSe-bul roman `giorgi brwyinvaleSi~ aris-toteles metafizikis~ meoTxe mizezi _RmerTi, igive sikeTe, ara marto aramar-to romanis teqstSi, aramed am romanissazRvrebidanac gasuli, isev da isev Tan-amedrove kacobriobas ubrundeba.

da rac teqstSi xandaxan kiTxvis for-miTac iwereba:

<...> RmerTo, RmerTo, saidan aRiZ-vris amdeni Secdoma, sad aris amis saT-ave, rasa da rogor unda moevlos, romadamianebma Tavi daaRwion gulisa dagonebis am gautanel nislsa da ar-murs...~

jer erTi, avtori RmerTs kiTxviT mi-marTavs: `RmerTo, RmerTo, (radgan Rm-erTia samyaros dafaruli arsi _ misimizezTa mizezi, SeniSv. _ J. s.) saidanaRiZvris amdeni Secdoma?~ avtoris gan-martebiT: Secdomaa omebi, wagebulibrZolebi, dakarguli teritoriebi damarTlmadidebluri siwmindeebis Sem-bRalavi viTareba qveyanaSi.

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_ sad aris saTave, _ anu sad arispirvelmizezi borotebisa (Secdomisa _igive codvis saTavisa), ras da rogorunda moevlos, ratom moqmedebs is ase daara ise; rogor unda moevlos _ cxadia,amaSi igulisxmeba qarTveli eris krebi-Ti suli, anu ra Sinaarsi da xasiaTi undamieces mas.

rogorc ukve aRvniSne, am postmod-ernistuli TamaSiT substanciis, usiis,anu, qarTveli eris mizani Tavisi TavisSemecnebaa, anu sakuTari Tavis aRdgine-ba.

aristoteles `metafizika~ uiliamgaTris enaze ase JRers:

`_ aristotele im daskvnamde midis,rom RmerTis maradiuli azrovnebiserTaderTi SesaZlo obieqti TavisiTavia, erTaderTi srulyofili da un-aklo arsi~.

da rac roman giorgi brwyinvalis te-qstis mixedviT ase JRers: qarTveli erismaradiuli azrovnebis erTaderTi Sesa-Zlo obieqti isev da isev qarTveli eria,erTaderTi srulyofili (radgan Rv-Taebrivi Tavis TavSi aqvs mocemuli) daunaklo arsi (radgan is RvTaebrivi sai-dumloebis fardia _ is erTia).

riTac Tanamedrove kacobriobis mieruarhyofili eris RvTaebrivi warmomav-loba da Zveli kacobriobis safuZvelTasafuZveli _ uangaroba, erTguleba,siyvarulis siwminde, sulis sisavse isemogvewodeba, rogorc samyaros kanon-zomierebis, adamianis arsebis ganuyofe-li da arsebiTi nawili.

gamoyenebuli literatura:

1. J.-p. sartri, dro folkneris romanSi`xmauri da mZvinvareba, nakaduli~, Tbilisi,1984, gv. 3-4, inglisuridan Targmnes paata darostom CxeiZeebma.

2. sulxan-saba orbeliani, leqsikoniqarTuli, `merani~, Tbilisi, 1991, gv. 166.

3. W. amirejibi, giorgi brwyinvale, bakmi~,2005, gv. 56.

4. aristotele, metafizika, `sabWoTa

saqarTvelo~, Tbilisi, 1964, berZnulidanTargmna Tamar kukavam.

5. savle wereTeli, antikuri filosofia,Tsu gamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 1973, gv. 382.

6. gvanca koplataZe, literaturaTmcod-neoba aristoteles moZRvrebaSi, logosi,Tbilisi, 2007, gv. 18.

7. u. gaTri, berZeni filosofosebi, `sab-WoTa saqarTvelo~, Tbilisi, 1983, ingli-suridan Targmna giorgi nodiam.

8. zaza abzianiZe da qeTevan elaSvili, sim-boloTa ilustrirebuli enciklopedia,`bakmi~, 2007.

9. r. siraZe, Zveli qarTuli Teoriul-literaturuli azrovnebis sakiTxebi, Tsugamomcemloba, Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 225.

10. a. gelovani, miTologiuri leqsikoni.quTaisi, 2011, gv. 219, Targmnes anzor sax-

vaZem da vladimer CxikvaZem.11. apokalifsisis muxlobrivi ganmarte-

ba, saz. `feriscvalebis~ biblioTeka, quTai-si, 2011, Targmnes anzor saxvaZem da vladimerCxikvaZem.

12. pol valeri, rCeuli proza istorii-saTvis, nakaduli, Tbilisi, 1983, gv. 287, fan-gulidan Targmna baCana bregvaZem.

13. f. dostoevski, Zmebi karamazovebi,palitra-L, 2011, gv. 358, rusulidan Targmnesmzia gelaSvilma da ana abulaSvilma.

14. citatebi wignidan `esseebi~, Targmnespaata da rostom CxeiZeebma.

15. qarTuli naqargoba, qarCxaZis gamom-cemloba, 2011, gv. 162-163.

16. r. canava, miToritualuri modelebi.simboloebi antikur mwerlobaSi da qarTu-li literaturul-eTnologiuri paralele-bi, `logosi~, Tbilisi, 2005, gv. 250.

17. m. eliade, citirebulia Jurn `afra~ 3 18. wminda werilis swavleba antiqristes

Sesaxeb (qristesa da antiqristes Sesaxeb),saz. `feriscvalebis~ biblioTeka, quTaisi,2011, Targmnes anzor saxvaZem da vladimerCxikvaZem.

19. n. berZeniSvili, iv. javaxiSvili, s. ja-naSia, saqarTvelos istoria uZvelesi xanidanXIX saukunemde, `Tbilisi~, 1943.

20. n. gafrindaSvili, miTologiurileqsikoni, gv. 228.

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ioseb griSaSvilissayvareli qalebi

saidumlo baraTebi

ioseb griSaSvilis biblioTeka-muzeumis fondebSi daculi poetis mogonebebi,dRiurebi, ubis wignakebi da sxvadasxva Canaweri bevr saintereso mniSvnelovan,literaturul-istoriuli xasiaTis cnobebs moicavs.

ioseb griSaSvili didi, mravalmxrivi SemoqmedebiTi diapazonis moRvawe iyo. misimelodiuri, musikaluri leqsebis erT-erTi mTavari Tema iyo satrfialo motivi,siyvaruli da qali. rafinirebul, keTilxmovan leqsebSi, natifi riTmebiT Sezave-bul striqonebSi igi umReroda WeSmarit silamazes, siyvarulis Zalas, mis maradi-ulobas. poetis bevri lirikuli leqsi xalxSi gavrcelda simRerebad.

olRa leJava, sofio CijavaZe, marijani, qeTi jafariZe. am mandilosnebma mniS-vnelovani adgili daikaves poetis cxovrebasa da SemoqmedebaSi. mravali leqsi,werili, dRiuria miZRvnili maTdami. magram iyvnen qalbatonebic, romlebic mokrZa-lebulad gamoiyurebian maTTan SedarebiT, Tumca arc Tu umniSvnelo roli Seas-rules poetis biografiaSi. isinic iyvnen poetis muzebi da bevri klasikuri leq-sis adresatebi.

poets bevr mandilosanTan hqonda mimowera. qalTa werilebi ioseb griSaSvili-sadmi kargad aris daculi. samwuxarod, ioseb griSaSvilis mier gagzavnili wer-ilebis mniSvnelovani nawili dakargulad unda CaiTvalos.

`romantikosi~ (miwodeT, rac gsurT)me gaviare im saxlis axlos,sadac cxovrobda Cemi trfiali,me momagonda, rom is iq idgada movuxade Senobas qudi.

me mxolod msurxar!vnebian N-s!

me ar momwonxar! me ar miyvarxar,me mxolod msurxar, Cemo lamazo,Sensken viswrafi, vinc gulis fskerSivnebis isari magrad damaso!

N-sdRes ki, de miTxran, rom is kaci Seni qmaria,rom Cems magivrad is ganaskvavs mag mkerdis Rilebs.me guls davibnev Sens mocemul `Wia-mariams~da zemo tuCi ucnaurad gaiRimilebs.

bukinist aleqsandre SaxbaraTovs, romelsac metsaxelad `Sibrias~ eZaxdnen,gaego rom Zvel Tbilisis yaidaze dawerili leqsebi me mekuTvnoda. gamomarTva esleqsebi da calke wignad dabeWda. erTs erqva vardis kona~, (1906w.), meores fanta-

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zia~, (1907w.) pirveli wignis saTaurze mimaxvedra dimitri nadirovis (nadiraZis)wignma, saTauriT siyvarulis kona~, gamoc. 1881w. me gavifiqre siyvaruls~ ra kona~unda, kona vardisa unda iyos meTqi da davarqvi `vardis kona~.

me Cems leqsebSi Cavaqsove siyvarulis mudmivoba, misi Zala da silamaze. leqsebsvwerdi, vukiTxavdi mowonebul qaliSvilebs. gauyridi nacnob qaliSvils xelkavs,gavatarebdi da leqsebs vukiTxavdi daqancvamde. bolos CurCuliT vetyodi:

`dagaTrob leqsiTdagwvav alersiT~.da mivacilebdi saxlamde. es sixaruli mTel kviras myofnida. erTi sityviT, vcx-

ovrobdi udardelad da bednieradac ki.

patara rom viyavi da Cvens ubnelebs vinme gardaecvlebodaT, mawerinebdnenleqsebs saflavis qvebze. dRes imasac moveswar, rom CemTvisac gavamzade epitafia:

1949w.23 aprili(samoci weli Semisrulda)

bedma icis zeTareSi,bedma icis dabriyveba,vkvdebi, magram samareSiqalis dardi ar mimyveba.

agvistos mSvenieri saRamo iyo. borjomis sastumros aivnidan gavcqerodiTTvalwarmtac aremares, amwvanebul-ayvavilebul xeivnebs. lamaz xedebs. am saocarmagaremom poetze imoqmeda. warsulis xilvebi moeZala da sasaubrod ganawyo. gaix-sena siWabuke, Sexvedra akaki wereTelTan, siaxlove valerian guniasTan. v. guniasyovelTvis siyvaruliT igonebda, Zalian emadliereboda. xSirad ambobda, rom mismimarT didi mzrunveloba gamoiCina. oboli iyo da mamoba gauwia, upatrona, cx-ovrebaSi gza gaukvala. mcire xans Cafiqrda da Semdeg ganagrZo: `v. gunia avadmyo-fobda da sanaxvad mivedi. fermkrTali, daRonebuli, mowyenili iyo. sevda moeriada wamoiZaxa: eh, ra Tamada viyavio~. marTlac yvelas ymawvilkacobaSi raRac aqvsRirsaxsovari gasaxseneblad. amboben, pirveli siyvaruli sul sxva ram ariso.Zlieri, Seucvleli, dauviwyari. me ki cxovrebaSi bevrjer viyavi Seyvarebuli dayovelTvis Zlier viyavi Seyvarebulio.

xarfuxeli maSua

16-17 wlis Wabuki iyo, roca Seuyvarda Tavis ubneli sirunaanT maSo. `lamaziiyo da ratom ar Semiyvardeboda~, ambobda poeti. aSuRuri poeziis gavleniT i.griSaSvilma uZRvna mas muxambazi oTx enaze, saTauriT `kintos siyvaruli~, rom-lis akrostixic (zma-kiduri) ase ikiTxeba `ioseb griSaSvils uyvars maSua~ leqsidawerilia 1906 wels da dabeWdilia 1908 w. gamocemul poetis leqsebis krebulSi`zurna~. es leqsi gaakritika gaz. `droebis~, 1910 wlis 49-Si gr. rcxilaZem. amisgamo i. griSaSvili werda: `Cemi axalgazrduli sisulelea. leqsi gaarCia gr. rcx-ilaZem da samarTlianad gamlanZRa. am lanZRvam dadebiTad imoqmeda Cemze da Cemipirveli quCuri leqsebi am muxambaziT davamTavre. es Janri mivatove. ai, ras niS-navs kargi kritika: sainteresoa erTi ram. gr. rcxilaZe sxvaTa Soris swerda am oTxenaze daweril muxambazze~, rom verc erTi filologi ver gamoarkvevs ra enazeswers griSaSvilio~.

`laifcigSi 1928 wels germanul enaze gamocemul krebulSi kavkasia~, gamoqvey-nda prof. a. diris werili, romelic Seexo dabeWdvidan 20 wlis Semdeg am leqssfilologiuri TvalsazrisiT.

nimuSad mogvaqvs oTx enaze dawerili muxambazis erTi strofi:

`sladki da slovo mene, pardon, nixto gavarit,

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esteR im sirtin dRe-niadag sul agon garit,benamus xanum, na istirsan, mogrTav sul zariTgiyuro erTxel, gind momkali siruniano.

marusia yandinovierTi gulis Zgera. (marusia yandinovis ukanaskneli dRe).

`Cemi pirveli siyvaruli, Cemi pirveli satrfo. (p. frangiSvilis da) SesaniSnavigulis patroni, axalgazrda, SavxuWuWTmiani, lamazi wyalCamdgari, giSris Tvalebi-ani, tanadi. igi iyo Cemi yrmobis megobari, Cemi pirveli leqsebis sagani, Cemi poezi-is Zvirfasi STamagonebeli. sadac xuWuWi Tma~ maqvs sul imas ekuTvnis. masve ekuTv-nis erTi Cemi yaraCoRuli, gaxalxurebuli leqsi `sad Sena da sad marusas Tvale-bi~. vuyvardi da miyvarda 19 wlis Wabuks, magram mSoblebma da naTesavebma ar mo-maTxoves. irCies beberi iuzbaSevi da adre daaqvrives. gardaicvala ubedurad~.

adgilebi m. yandinovis werilidan i. griSaSvilisadmi 1910 w. 5 ivniss: `ioseb, meSen ar gagcvli sxvaze sanam cocxali var da roca movkvdebi, maSin ki gagcvli civsamarezed... sicocxleSi da sikvdilamdis, saflavis karamde Seni erTguli m.~

TinaTin lolaZis werili i. griSaSvilisadmi goridan: `pativcemulo soso. sap-atio mizezTa gamo Zlier gvian mixdeba erTi davalebis Sesruleba... ar mindodaerTi gulis saTuTi Zgera (ukanaskneli) yvelas moesmina. mec SemTxveviT movismineigi gansvenebul marusias surviliT (udaoa: mixvdebiT, vin marusia).

me vcxovrobdi frangiSvilis binaze, sadac sicocxlis ukanaskneli wuTebi gaa-tara man.

erT dRes saqmeSi garTuli Tqvens romeliRac leqss vRiRinebdi. mimixmo da mTx-ova wamekiTxa misTvis romelime Tqveni leqsi. Cems SekiTxvaze Tu romels moisur-vebda, damisaxela: `siyvarulis nekrologi~... waukiTxe da vinane, radgan wanakiTx-ma bevri cremlebi gamoiwvia. uxerxuloba vigrZeni da wamosvla davapire, magramver gaveqec mis cremlian Txovnas. davrCeniliyav da mekiTxa dausruleblad. Sekve-Tas TiTon maZlevda ra wamekiTxa. raRac gansakuTrebul gulis tkiviliT moismi-na: `ra fermkrTali xar megobaro~ da amoikvnesa, samwuxarod me ar mekuTvniso igi,magram siamiT vismen, radgan Cems axlandel yofas Seeferebao... cota xans ifiqrada mTxova, rom odesme misi sikvdilis Semdeg gadmomeca raime gziT es ambavi... amisSemdeg aRaravis aRar mousmeno, radganac msurs ukanasknel sityvad mimyvebodesmisi riTma. es iyo da es... amis Semdeg erTi kvirac ar ucocxlia. vasruleb mis sur-vils, pativiscemiT T. lolaZe. 15/VII, 43w. q. gori~.

marusia yandinovisadmia miZRvnili i. griSaSvilis, rogorc Tavad uwodebs ax-algazrdobis droindeli Semdegi dabeWdili leqsebi: Cemi RalatiT neta ra hpove~,`giyureb, vtkbebi~, `nawyveti #-s~ `mogoneba (m.i.k.)~, `romansi~, `nu TvalTmaqcob~,`sagalobeli striqonebi~, sizmari~, ialbuzis mTav~, niavs~, sagazafxulo~, isevvuyvarvar~, risTvis miyvarxar~, albomSi (marusas)~, rad Segiyvare~, lamazo~ daa.S.

mogvaqvs m. yandinovisadmi miZRvnili, simRerad qceuli leqsi

`Cemi simRera(vuZRvni `ma-s~)

nu, nu stiri, risTvis hgodeb genacva,Senc miyvarxar, gana ar mebralebi?magram exla avirCie me sul sxva, _sad Sena da sad `marusas Tvalebi?!

Tumc eg tani grZeli alvisa xea,mis foTlebSi vici davimalebi,magram is ki jer qorfaa, mkvaxea,sad Sena da sad `marusas Tvalebi?!

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Sen ia xar, is ki sosan vardia,mtlad dagedon yvela ubnis qalebi,magram mainc is gjobia, kargia, _sad Sena da sad `marusas Tvalebi!~

marTalia, Sena gSvenis xuWuW Tma,mas Tvalwarbi, loyis nakvTze xalebimainc vityvi, Camiwyviton Tu gind xma:sad Sena da sad `marusas Tvalebi?!~

msurs mis tuCebs davakvde _ davewebo,movikrifo sustma mdevis Zalebi, _sulis klitev, samoTxis gasaRebo,sad Sena da sad `marusas Tvalebi?!~

marusia wereTeli

TiTqmis yovel wels saCxeris stumari viyavi. xSirad miwvevdnen tradiciul,saqvelmoqmedo saRamoebze, romelsac marTavda elisabed wereTeli da romlismTel Semosavals w.k. saz-bas ugzavnida, exmareboda Rarib studentebs da a.S. aqvegavicani am RonisZiebebis erT-erTi aqtiuri monawile marusia (mariam) wereTlisa.igi iyo maWutaZis asuli, gaTxovili saCxeris Tavad fridon wereTelze. m. wereTe-li ulamazesi qali iyo mTel saCxereSi. uyvarda poezia da Cemi leqsebis motrfi-ale iyo. mec momwonda marusia wereTeli. mas albomic hqonda, sadac poetebi pla-ton leJava (sevdiani), p. iaSvili, rus-imereli (v. iurkeviCi) misdami miZRvnilleqsebs uwerdnen albomSi. Sig Cemi leqsebicaa. es albomi amJamad literaturismuzeumSia. aq sxvaTa Soris rusuli leqsicaa moTavebuli. marTalia leqss qveS gvariara aqvs mowerili, magram me vici, rom am leqsis avtori Sorapnis mazris ufrosiiyo, gvarad olxovski. es olxovski didi don-Juani vinme iyo. mas moswonda marusiawereTeli da sul kudSi dasdevda, leqsebs uwerda, qaTinaurebs sTavazobda. Tucekvac iyo, ueWvelad marusia wereTels gaiwvevda saTamaSod. marusia cdilobdaaecdina misi arSiyoba~, magram amas ver axerxebda, radgan maSindeli etiketis mixed-viT samxedro kacis da isic mazris ufrosis gabiabrueba ase advili ar iyo. TaviSors eWira. erTxel, es iyo 1915 wels, saRamos dasasruls didi banketi gaimarTa.olxovski cdilobda sufraze marusias gverdiT damjdariyo. marusiam, ki arc aci-va, arc acxela da me momijda gverdiT. uaryofili motrfiale olxovski TiTqosbeds dasjerda, Cvens pirdapir moTavsda da leqsis weras Seudga.

Cven mogvaqvs am leqsis bolo strofi i. griSaSvilis komentariT:

Княгине Марии ЦеретелиИ так: от всей души желаю,Здоровья, счастья, рай земной,Но петь тебя предостовляюПоэту с заячьей губой.

Тифлис, 15.V.1915г.

am leqsis damwers moswonda marusia wereTeli, is ki axalgazrda poetis leqse-biT iyo gatacebuli. `SenTvis damilocnia kurdRlis tuCeba poetio~ Cemzea naTq-vami. i. gr. 1956 w. 12/X.

i. griSaSvilis werili marusia wereTlisadmi`... xom ici rom Tu movdivar, TqvenTvis movdivar. vici, vici ar daijereb Cemo

kargo. ici raRac idumal hangaT, ara amqveyniur arsebad CameWeri gulSi. minda vw-yevlo Cemi pirveli naxva da minda vadido Cveni pirveli Sexvedra. ar gegonos Tu me

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amas tyvilaT vwer an msurdes rom me Cemi Tavi Segayvaro da ojaxuri myudroebaSegiryio! ara, ara RmerTmani. me mxolod momwonxar, momwonxar giJuris simTvraliTda amitomac Sen neba ara gaqvs Semiyvaro. Sen neba ara gaqvs damiviwyo. mxolod guliici razed mikvdeba, imazed rom Sen Cemi araferi gjera. ici me gagiJebuli var dawerili mogwere da misi pasuxi ar momivida. geficebi Cems umanko siyvaruls, mTelisaRamo cremlSi gavatare. momwonxar, momwonxar, RmerTmani momwonxar! ax, Rmer-To Cemo momwonxar da ra vqna? Seni suli hangia msofliosi. Sen rom laparakob, asemgonia uRran tyeSi salamurs awkrialeben meTqi. Seni xaverdis xmebi Svebis crem-lebiT epkurebian Cems moRlil da bavSvur siyvaruls. momakvdinebel codvas Caid-ens is, vinc ityvis rom yvavils ufro kargi surneleba aqvs, vidre Sens Tmebsa! meTviT miwas arc ki vapatieb, rom Sen fexebs hkocnis siarulis dros. rogor gabedada lerwamma Sens atyorcnil tans SuriT Sexeda? Seni yaryara kiseri jeiranisasmagonebs namian Rames mTis qeCaze Camomdgars. Sens TvalebSi Cemo kargo zRva sd-gas, zRva ara mRelvare, zRva ara boboqari, aramed zRva wynari, zRva gedis naniTmiZinebuli! TviT niavic ki damemowmeba, rom mTvarem Sengan isesxa Rimili! SenituCebi! _ es xom ori yayaCoa erT Stoze mobmuli. ra vqna Cemo kargo, ra vqna, rome-li erTi CamovTvalo, visRa Segadaro. nuTu Sen TviTon ara grZnob Sens Rirseba-silamazes? Sen unda parnasis mTebze iyve muzaTa RmerTebisTvis samusikoda da araam codvian miwaze. diax, Cemo kargo, Sen grZnob Sen silamazes da imitomac ase maja-doveb.

mec momwonxar, ra vqna ra vqna mec momwonxar da ra giyo, romel wyalSi gadavar-de, romel zRvaze gaviriyo. momwonxar mxolod da rom Segiyvaro ise, rogorc vicida rogorc Sens suls Seefereba, ooo maSin arc erT kacs nebas ar mivcem rom Sen-Tan erTad oTaxSi erTis haeriT isunTqos.

1912w.10/XI

adgilebi marusia wereTlis werilebidan i. griSaSvilisadmi`...Tu moisurvo da werili momwero, anetas (iurkeviCi. n.g.) saxeliT momwere ga-

dasacemad. mxolod es sityva. saxeli Cemi ar unda. es werili da sxva Cemi werilebidaxie icode Torem werilebs ar mogwer. Tu iqnes Cemze leqsi, gamomigzavne, gako-ceb Sublze. saZageli marusa. daxie. 14/II _ 1915w.

`...Cemi leqsi maqvs Sens werilebSi lerwami xar~ meored davaTvaliere Seni wer-ilebi da vTqvi rarigaT uyvardi da exla werilebsac aRar mwers Tqo~... 25/III _ 1915w.

`...soso, genacvale ra vqna. iseTi minda Seni naxva da mere kidev am leqsis gagone-ba Seni saZageli tuCebidan. datanjos Cemi mteri, me exla datanjuli viqne. ici sosorac movedi aq sul loginSi vwevar. avaT var. SeiZleba movaxerxo da movide. eqimiunda vnaxo. is eqimi Sen xar. xom ici Sens meti aravin momarCens Tu gulwrfeladiqnebi. daanebe Tavi im oxrebs, sofio, viRac niJaraZis qals, saxes, wulukiZis cols.ar minda rom vinme gyavdes Cems meti. ici saSineli xarbi var am SemTxvevaSi. me mindamxolod Cemi iyo da leqsebic aravis uZRvna Cems mets~ 27/III, 1915w.

`...im leqsSi (igulisxmeba m. wereTlisadmi miZRvnili leqsi `me mivdivar~, ix. i.griSaSvili. leqsebi t. 1. 1914, gv. 192) erTi Secdoma mogivida

`an Tu siom mimzidvelimkerdis xali gagigrila~,yelis xalis magier mkerdis xali weria. cota ar iyos mewyina. mets ara gwer. nax-

vamdis, kn. marusia wereTeli 3/IV, 15w.`werili Tu moiwero, moiwere anetas (iurkeviCis) saxelze, rogorc agzavnidi.

leqsebic Tu iqna, meti xelnaweri calke me gamomigzavne da calke daabeWdvine, ase-Ti warweriT: `m-s~. soso leqsebSi Cems alerss Seneburad nu wer. me ar minda, romicodnen Cveni damokidebuleba. icodnen rom Seni Tayvanismcemeli var mxolod.albomSi bevrma damiwera leqsi, magram Seni leqsebi sul sxva ari. iyavi kargad. malemodi. kn. marusia. 15/VI, 1915w.~

marusia wereTeli aris i. griSaSvilis Semdegi leqsebis adresati: darCi, nu mix-val~, `darCi, darCi~, `Rame tyeSi~, `me mivdivar~, `ma-s~, `lerwami xar~ da a.S.

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marusia wereTeli 1931 wels gardaicvala.miZRvna wignze

yels gagiciebs eg maniaki,neba miboZe gavwyvito kbiliT,mZivebis nacvlad yels Semogavlopoetis kocna nazi da Tbili.

welzed gartyia mqise qamari,Sens werwet sxeuls eg ekadreba?miTxari, qamrad vaJkacis mklavimag tanze rodis Semogakvdeba?

margo! saCxeris mzis diademav!margo! ocnebiT gealersebi,Seni Rimili SoTas riTmaada Seni tani-Cemi leqsebi!

Tamara eliaZe

1915 wels qvelmoqmed stefane eliaZis daxmarebiT, dafinansebiT i. griSaSviliiyo donis rostovSi. dasasveneblad ki stefane eliaZis ojaxTan erTad kislovod-skSi. st. eliaZe yovelmxriv zrunavda axalgazrda, xelmokle, niWier poetze, romsaTanado codna-ganaTleba mieRo. dauqirava maswavlebeli franguli enis Sesas-wavlad. am periods exeba i. griSaSvilis dRiurebi da werilebi stefane eliaZis qal-iSvilze Tamara eliaZeze.

kislovodski, 1915 w. dRiuri mgoni. i. gr.

26 ivnisi 1915guSin stefane svimonis-Ze eliaZe gaemgzavra Tavis ori vaJiT kavkavs... gavac-

ile, CemTan iyo misi ori qali Tamar da anano... movdiodiT saxlSi. Tamarma miTxraaRmarTze me Sen Zalian miyvarxaro... mere vealerseT. mere kocna davakari tuCebze.12 saaTamde vJRurtulebdiT. me sxvisTvis maqvs piroba micemulio miTxra. gvaricdamisaxela... da mec rom Semiyvarda? rogor unda moxdes es? magram ara! me Cems siy-varuls sazogadoT pativsa vcem! petroniusi (vidre xval ufalo!) ambobs: lamaziqali mTeli qveynis oqrod Rirs da Tu igi Seyvarebulia _ fasdaudebelia!... abagana SemiZlia siyvarulis winaaRmdeg wasvla, rogor SemiZlian vuTxra: ara is mia-tove da me Semiyvare meTqi, an rogor SeiZleba, rom Seyvarebuli qali, sxvis sakuTre-ba, Sen gadmoibiro! es xom Seuracxyofaa msoflios damamSvenebelis _ siyvarulis?oRond is iyos bednieri da me ki... sulerTia... me mxolod vgrZnob Tamarisadmi karggrZnobas wmindas da es asec unda darCes!? `ar iqneba siyvaruli ZalaTa~.

27 ivnisiTamar! nu xar msaxiobi... vici, rom Sen Cemdami grZnob raRacas, maS gaxsen guli!

Sen iseTi kargi xar, rom Seni arSeyvareba SeuZlebelia! da swored Rirsi var, romSen me mekuTvnode... CemsaviT vin Segiyvarebs, vin? aravin! maS gaaRe guli Tamar,Tamar da mogivlineb aCrdils siyvarulisas, rom momavali erTis grZnobiT avay-vavoT!... gesmis gesmis, Sen mTxove `wiTel qvasTan~ wasvla, magram me ar gamogyeviTamar, raTa? me TviT ar vici. aba daakvirdi Sens sityvebs da yvelafers gaigeb...gesmis? raTa xar gul-Caxveuli? es imis bralia, roca Sen ginda wasvla, mec minda,magram ucbad Cemda gasajavreblad aRar mogesurveba wamosvla. da amas samagierosgadaxda unda Tu ara? mec gixdi samagieros, mxolod imitom, rom daakvirde Senssaqciels. sxvebic ar gaaxvio am qselSi. erTi msxverpli geyofa!

28 ivnisime vici, rom ar giyvarvar Tamar da an Cemi siyvaruli gana SegiZlian? Sen naswav-

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li xar, ganviTarebuli kargi ded-mamis Svili, me ki erTi xelmokle da oboli biWi,magram siyvarulma Turme ar icis gansxvaveba da amitomac pirvel naxvazed Semiy-vardi Tamar! Tamar! Semiyvardi da Sen ki ar giyvarvar, ar giyvarvar, ara!es oxeriratom adreve ar ganvWvrite Cemi zRvari. aba sad me da sad Sen? isev dee, gulSi Cam-Wkvdomoda es grZnoba da ar ki gamomemJRavna, magram jaSuSi am SemTxvevaSia Cemileqsebi `mesames~ da mravali sxva...

29 ivnisimTeli Rame ar damiZinia. me da Tamari erTad viyaviT. amJamad ki ufro kargi iyo!

mealerseboda, magram arvici ki ra azri aqvs. me am alersiT, me am siyvaruliT davd-ni, davilie! tyuilad awers stefan svimonis-Ze Cemi gaxdomis mizezs Wamas! Cemi mtan-jveli Tamaria: netav, ratom ar ZalmiZs amovfxvra am gulidan? ratom? ratom?

30 ivnisi`wiTel qvasTan~ viyaviT yvelani. nino stefanes-asulma dagvpatiJa. magram ra _

guli ara mqonda. vici rom ar vuyvarvar Tamaras. xan ki ambobs miyvarxaro. maS rauSlis xels? ar vici, ar vici!

2 ivlisi!gavibuteniT! mTeli dRe Cems oTaxSi iyo. suraTi momiZRvna. zed waawera ingli-

surad raRaca mgoni. mere alersi da mere ganSoreba. me ki gadavwyvite dReidan, romrogorme amoviglijo am sazizRar gulidan es sazizRari siyvaruli!

4 ivlisisul erTia! sul erTia! me Tamars ar vuyvarvar. gana rom vuyvarde, ase momeqce-

va. es SeuZlebelia! me ki TiTqos mojadovebuli viyo, sul imisken viltvi da viltvi.magram ara! es ase ar SeiZleba. aba sad me da sad Tamara? is ganaTlebulia, kargided-mamis Svili, me ki. ara, ara, es SeuZlebelia! mere stefan svimoniZes ra pasuxigavce? ara! _ gadawyda! isev gulSi Cavimarxav Cems grZnobas, rogorc pirvel xan-Si, roca Tamara vnaxe, _ mxolod gulSi Cavimarxav Cems grZnobas da ase mival sa-maris karamde. gadawyda. siyvaruli gaumJRavnebeli sjobia!

8 ivlisimTeli Rame valersobdiT. piroba momca, miTxra miyvarxaro, magram xandaxan eWvi

mepareboda. ar vici ra vqna, Tu matyuebs daviRupebi! Cems saxlSi, Cems loginze iwvada me vyavdi Caxutebuli. ai pirveli saaTi da me kidev ar mZinavs.

9 ivlisidRes ar viswavle. e.i. Madam ar vimecadine. Zalian gavxdi da msurda, rom dameZ-

ina. amas garda Tu damiviwyebs Tamari _ dae icodes, rom is erT Rames gaSmagebiTmkocnida. TiTqmis gavaTeneT da meore dRes aRar mimecadinia!

mtanjavs! dRes kocna vTxove da arao! maS guSin ise mxurvaled rom mkocnidaiqneba Rame rom iyo, imitom?

vitanjebi!

10 ivlisigadavwyvite dReidan aRar gavekaro da mivce daviwyebas yovelive.

11 ivlisiexla ki me da Tamari megobrebi varT! mTeli dRe CemTan iyo. RmerTo ra kargad

vgrZnobdi Tavs! _ gared Sxapuna wvima iyo da Cems fanjaraze wvimis marcvlebi isekrialobdnen, TiTqos satrfo satrfos fanjaras akakunebdes da SesTxovdes SemiS-vio! Cven ki arafers ara vgrZnobdiT! viyaviT Caxveul Caxutebulni da ca qudaT armigvaCnda, dedamiwa qalamnada! ra kargi iyo RmerTo!

12 ivlisidReidan aRar gamebuteba Cemi Tamari da yovelTvis alersiT momepyroba, ase

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gadavwyviteT guSin, roca unda maSin Semova Cems oTaxSi. Tavis saxliviT iqneba CemioTaxi. me fanjaraze viyav gadayudebuli, is baRSi iyo. me upijakoT viyavi da am drosmosamsaxurem veram dagvinaxa. ra vqnaT mere. Tamari xom Cemia da!

13 ivlisiguSin Tamar saseirnoT iyo. wasvlisas Semogogda CemTan da makoca! RmerTo ra

kargad vgrZnob Tavs! ai exla var namdvili poeti, ai exla var namdvili ze-kaci!exla aRar vwuxvar da ufro xalisiT vmecadineob. Tamara aRar meTamaSeba da Tama-ra aRar keklucobs _ jan, ra kargia da! anda me xom misi moarSiye ara var? rad undamaTamaSos, me Tamara miyvars! _ RmerTmani miyvars, RmerTo Cemo miyvars da ra vqna!

15 ivlisies saRamo arasodes ar damaviwydeba. ucnauri iyo ucnauri, viT TviTon siy-

varulia ucnauri. es saRamo, es sasacilo saRamo arasodes ar damaviwydeba. da Tam-ar, Tamar, Senc xom ar daiviwyeb am saRamos, `wadiT~ me Tqven aRar gelaparakebiT!~Cems sicocxleSi ase uxeSad qalisagan aseTi araferi msmenia. cotaodeni siyvaru-li rom hqondes, ase moiqceoda?

16 ivlisisisulelea?

17 ivlisiguSin sTqva damnaSave varo. arc is aris damnaSave da arc me. aq damnaSavea gul-

Caxveuloba.

18 ivlisiRmerTo! ra kargada vgrZnob Tavs RmerTo.

19 ivlisida yovelive es rad? risTvis?

20 ivlisimombezrda!

22 ivlisibednierebs `dRiuri~ ar sWirdebaT. Sors! Sors!

24 ivlisira bednieri var RmerTo, miTxra: ß æåëàë-áû! magram ra ubeduri var RmerTo raT

miTxra ß æåëàë-áû!

25 ivlisikidev... ax, RmerTo Cemo, kidev momnaxa sevdam da ar vici, rogor avxsna es saidum-

lo? Tamaram rac moiqmeda CemTan, es gamocanaa! gamocanaa Tamaris saqcieli da kv-lav gamocanaT darCeba. Tu avxsni, ai mizezi, sulo Cemo, ai mizezi Cemi Wmunvisa! meki mgoni, rom adre da male yvelafers unda gamoveyo! ai, erTaderTi xsna sikvdil-isagan. aba sad me da sad Tamari? is kargi ram ari da me ki... eh, sisulelea.

i. griSaSvilis werilebi ilia zurabiSvilisadmi kislovodskidan TbilisSi

1915w. 22 ivnisiMon cher ami!vwvalob raRa! vwvalob! xan metismeti fraasxmulia Cemi xalisi, xan ki frTeb-

daSvebul Zewnas magonebs. es adame-i ki xandaxan maRelvebs xolme. mkerdamoWrildaraiis xalaTi acvia da ubis ori sefiskveri macdurad iwveven Cems saalersod

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acril tuCebs, magram Sen werils gavixseneb xolme da... civ vanebs viReb! xumrobaiqiT iyos da marTla mearSiyeba. ici? me ki eliaZis erTi qaliSvili miyvars mgoni.ise kargad mepyroba, rom is TvalebSi Semcicavebs da mec Tumca qarTuli naklebadesmis _ leqsebs Sevyef! mand rogori amindebia? A Kislovodsk il pleur toujours... xomwarmogidgenia Cemi frangulis mtvreva?.. naTqvamia, siberemdis siqaCleo. naxvam-dis, Seni Sosso.

1915w. 2 agvistosayvarelo ilia!`...guli maqvs gawyalebuli... SuaTana qali xom raRa! sul CemTana gdia-mealerse-

ba. yvelafris nebas mrTavs, mxolod `cixis aRebaze ar aris Tanaxma~ da mec vilevi.rasakvirvelia es mawyens... qalic maRelvebs. ocnebas migiJebs, rom albaT xeli vTx-ovo! me ki vsdum. Tu ram swadian, TviTon miTxras! erTi sityviT oblada var, aravar Tavisufali da lamis gavgiJde. amas zed daumate dilis eqvs saaTidan cxra saaTa-mde frangulis swavla. davilie da! xandaxan meubnebian ram gagaxduna agreo?arafers sWamo? albaT undaT, rom vupasuxo ara Seyvarebuli var~, magram ar vetyvi,ara! erTi sityviT tyveTa var am didebul adgils!

`da ra pativs hyris nazi bulbuligaliaSia datyvevebuli~Seni soso

i. griSaSvilis werili Tamar eliaZisadmikislovodski, 17 agvisto 15w.

qalbatono Tamar! rac moxda albad Tqvenc iciT. amJamad me mainteresebs erTirame da geTayva es amixseni. ra saWiro iyo ase Seurachyofa? me xom araferi damiS-avebia, rom ase sazizRrad Seurachyavi Cemi wminda grZnoba. vfiqrob da ver momigo-nia, iqneba Cemda uneburad vawyenine-meTqi? magram me da wyena? me xom pepelasaviTTavs dagcigligebdi da yovelive Sens survils dauyovneblad vasrulebdi? ar vici,ar vici, iqneb es Cemi siyvarulia damnaSave? ar vici, ar vici! nu Tu yovelive TvalT-maqcoba iyo rasac meubnebodi? nu Tu SenSiac movstyuvdi? nu Tu Senc sxvebis ms-gavsi xar? o, es sityvebic ki Wkuidana mSlis... magram ara! ara! ara! Sen iseTi nazixar, rom arasodes ar etyodi TayaiSvils1 ase tlanqad: `griSaSvilSi ra unda mom-wondes? me arc ki mifiqria misi siyvaruli, nuTu sarkeSi mainc ar iyureba?.. amasgarda is (e. i. me) uswavleli, rusulis ar mcodnea, me ki umaRlesi saswavlebelimomivlia, is Raribi _ me mdidari, aba sad is da sad me? sasaciloa RmerTmani, diax,Cemo kargo, sasacilocaa da satiralic. ar mesmis ra saWiro iyo aseTi Seurachyo-fa Cemi? nu Tu ar SeiZleboda sxvanairad, ufro nazad da rbilad gepasuxna? me xomarasodes Zala ar damitanebia SenTvis? me xom miyvardi? Sen xom ver uaryof Cvenswarsuls da am sityvas Sens bageTagan warmoTqmuls `me Sen miyvarxar!~ eh, gana mar-toka es? rasakvirvelia Seni nebaa Tamar, me ar gisayvedureb. SegiZlian sTqva: miy-varda da aRar miyvarso _ es dasajerebeli iqneboda, magram Cveni warsulis uary-ofa xom ar SeiZleba Tamar? haa, xom ar SeiZleba Tamar?.. maS rad gamomiyvane TayaiS-vilTan mainc crud? rad Camagde uxerxul mdgomareobaSi? simarTle, rom geTqva,gana dasaZraxia? rom geTqva: marTalia miyvars, magram misi wayola ki ar SemiZlia~.ai am SemTxvevaSi davrwmundebodi Sens winandel siyvarulSi. o, Tamar, Tamar, dam-arwmune, rom is tlanqi da uxeSi sityvebi Sen ar gekuTvnis. icrue, iTaRliTe, oRondmiTxar, rom kvlav giyvarvar. ra vqnaT, ar iqneba Cemi _ nu iqnebi! me ki sul sxvamomavalze vocnebobdi, magram sCans, rom Cemi oboli suli arasodes ar iqneba bed-nieri. Tamar, Tamar me ara mjera, rom Sen is sityvebi gulwrfelad geTqvas. ueWve-lad risame SegeSinda. ai amitomac gTxov Sematyobine, momwere mxolod oriod si-tyva: is rac Sen warmosTqvi Cemzed TayaiSvilisa da mamiTqvenis winaSe _ marTaliaTu ara? me mxolod simarTle minda, simarTle. aki erTxel giTxari: dids siyvarulsdidi siZulvili mosdevs da nu moiqcevi ise rom samudamod SegizizRo meTqi. Tam-ar, imedi maqvs am Cems pirvel da ukanasknel Txovnas amisruleb. momwere simarTle.

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marTla ise tlanqad rom warmosTqvi, bunebiT nazma, is Cemi Tavmoyvareobis Sem-laxveli sityvebi, gulwrfelada sTqvi Tu vinmem dagatana Zala gecruvna? es kiicode, rom me Sevasrule Seni piroba da mamaSens araferi ar uTxari. garda ZaladwarmoTqmul am sityvisa Sen rom miTxar erTxel me visurvebdi~! Tu mamaSenma Zaladagatanos da gaTqmevinos yovelive, icode me aq arafer SuaSi var. ax, rogor Cveu-lebrivad moxda yovelive es? ax, neta ra codva mimiZRoda rom ase sastikad damsa-je Tamar! me xom miyvardi Tamar, me xom miyvarxar? me xom meyvarebi?

1. adgili didi mecnieris eqvTime TayaiSvilis werilidan stefane eliaZeze,romelic i. griSaSvils exeba: `gasul zafxulSi Cveni niWieri axalgazrda poetiyavda mipatiJebuli kislovodskSi saagarakod. CemTan movida esentukSi, dampatiJakislovodskSi da rCeva mkiTxa Tu sad gaegzavna Tavis xarjiT axalgazrda poeti.metis codnis SesaZenad. mec rasakvirvelia Cemi azri gauziare. gaz. `saxalxo fur-celi~, 1916 w. 585, 28 marti~.

Tamar eliaZe aris i. griSaSvilis Semdegi leqsebis adresati: `mesames~, `locvaJamsa wyevisasa~, `Ramis fiqrebi~ da a.S.

Ramis fiqrebi

o, es lodini! es lodini! kuboa sworedsad aris, sada is cbieri, is saZageli?aki guSinRam, ros erTmaneTs waveamboreT,miTxra: `xval am dros, amav adgils, modio, geli!

o, fiqro! fiqro! satrfos nacvlad, satrfosve JiniTSen rad mewvie sasikvdilo muqi sacmeliT?Caiqca guli _ fiqro! fiqro! amden lodiniT,Caiqca guli amden fiqriT, amden saTqmeliT.

is aRar mova! _ eh, amaod daeZebs Tvali,is aRar modis! _ eh, amaod uyivis grZnoba,o, rogor uRvTod damiRupes me momavali,o, rogor uRvTod momiwamles axalgazrdoba.

kislovodski, 1915 w. 1 ivnisi.

olia nemsaZe

olia nemsaZisa da i. griSaSvilis erTad gadaRebul suraTTan miwerilia: `olianemsaZe. Cemi quTaTuri daniSnuli 1917 w. kargi bavSvi iyo. gaTxovda siko giviSvilze.

i. griSaSvilis baraTi leqsiT olia nemsaZisadmi da adresatis komentarebiT.`ar vici ra uwodo Sens saqciels. aqa xar _ ara gsurs Cemi xilva, waxval da sayve-

durs miTvli xolme! Sen ggonia ar vgrZnob, rom meTamaSebi da mogwyinda yovelive?..albad jer kidev ver icnob griSaSvils; nuTu ar ici, rom me SenTan yofna msurs?!Sen ki yovelTvis TanaSemweebiT daiarebi! ex, ici, magram mainc ise iqcevi, TiTqos`Seyvarebuli asuli~ iyo. me ki marTlac rom siyvaruli mSian, magram sad aris igi?SenSiac Sevcdi! ra gaewyoba da kvlav aviReb xelSi yavarjens, gaudgebi gzas da mov-Zebni axal megobars.

rac iyo... iyo!..mende da Sescdi! gendo Sevcdebivecdebi Cqara gadagiviwyogadagiviwyo Cqara vecdebi

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vai Sen, Torem _aba, me amiT ra medardeba!?erT leqss dagiwer gamosaTxovarsda ufro kargi Semiyvardeba.

1918w. 5 dekemberi.

nu Seelevi, kargaT Seinaxe eg baraTi Tavis leqsiT. kidev kargi, rom TviTon aRi-areb, warmodgenili maqvs, rogor gagiZneldeba Cemi daviwyeba! guls miklavs eg si-tyvebi, kidev vais migzavni!? me ki verc exla gagimeteb, vais ver gamogigzavni. mecvici rom fexebze gekide. mZuls mag sityvebis xmareba, magram ra vqna, rom eg azrimeore sityvebiT ver gamovTqvi. raRas damcini!? Tu glaxa var _ CemTvis.

`17/XII-1918w... ra dagiSave, raze damcini, risTvis mlanZRav? amaebs kidev raRasmerCi? o, ra leqsi damiwere, rarigaT damatkbe!? misdRemSi ver warmovidgendi TuSenSi ase mwared Sevcdebodi~.

`28/XII-1918w. soso! ver gamigia Seni ra. guSin sxva iyavi da dRes ki sxva xar. xanmawameb da xan netar wuTebs macdevineb. Sen Cemo kargo sWri da Tan kurnav, magrammoqneuli da mozomili cdeba xolme xSiraT mizans. SeiZleba ise dasWra, rom veRargahkurno.

Senma pirvelma leqsma sasowarkveTilebaSi momiyvana. eh, rac ar unda vwero, sulrom vwero da gelaparako, mainc ver agiwer Tu ra gadamwyda da dRes ki, ai exla. ammeore leqsis Semdeg ici ras ganvicdi? vambob, rom O, если даже сто веков дано мнебыло, желала бы только я, что завтра был как сегодня.

rogoria es cxovreba?ra vqna rom ar vici?! rogor mogeqce, viT Segicno Sen genacvalos Cemi Tavi.

oliko~.

gagacnobT meore leqss

usaxelo TiTi

ho-da, mec daveZebdi... ra ar vnaxe! ra zRvebi!da, rom versad viSove, gadaviWer ZarRvebida rac sisxlSi aRmoCnda rkina wminda, spekali,gadavadne, Sevqmeni es beWedi, es rkali,Seviswavle waxnagva, davayurse da bolosrkinis rgoli mogiZRven Sen Cem satrfo-sacolos.

SeiZleba eg xeli bevri SromiT daSavdes:Seeparos sixmele, daiWmuWnos, gaSavdes, _magram beWdis nakvlevi, araTiTze mzirali,mudam oblad iqneba, viT gaWrili firali,TeTri zoli, Zvirfaso, TeTri brolis-nakvTeba,arasodes gvimtyunebs! arasodes Cakvdeba!

magram mudam simRera xom bulbulsac swyindeba!da Cvenc: Tu mzis magivrad mTvare gagvibrwyindeba;Tu gadamcvli! Tu gnaxav Cemze Sen xel-aRebulsda me kidev sxva qalTan koxtas, celqs SelaRebuls,gwamdes: beWdis nakvlevi, TiTze Semogarsuli,mudam TeTrad iqneba, viT Zvirfasi warsuli.

olia nemsaZis werilebidan i. griSaSvilisadmi:

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`16/V,1917w.megobaro! ici ra? egeb ggonia radgan SenTan gadaviRe, sxvasTanac waramaraT

viRebdi suraTs? Tu aseTi vyofilvar, maS RmerTma nu maRirsos Seni siyvaruli.guli mtkiva egre glaxaT rom gicvnivar. sosos Wirime, merwmune me sul sxvanairatmosferos vsunTqavdi. aseTi aRzrdili ara var da mec TviTon mikvirs Tu rogormomixda yovelive is, rac SenTan Cavidine~...

19/VIII, 1917w.`...beWdisTvis risTvis daixarje soso? radgan giyidia, gamomigzavne fostiT. o,

Sen genacvale. ra mixaria rom icode. sul Tan vatareb malulad da davkocni er-Tianad~

23/XII, 1917w.`...icode rom ramdenadac me gulRia da wrfeli viyo, aramc Tu SenTan, sazoga-

doT yvelasTan egeTi var, imis naxevari yofiliyavi Sen CemTan, me kmayofili viqne-bi soso Cemo! me mgonia dagejereba, rom erTguli var Seni da gagiJebamde miyvarx-ar, Cems sicocxles mirCevnixar~.

lola wereTeli

lola wereTeli swavlobda konservatoriaSi. kargi vokaluri monacemebi hqon-da. werilebi i. griSaSvilisadmi miwerilia 1919-20 wlebSi. gaTxovda momReral ja-naSiaze.

lola wereTels:

lolav ar gsurda Cemi gacnoba,me es gavige, me es vicodi.da ros Sen Cumad gtanjavda trfobamec im dros gulSi Cumad viwodi.

ros gavecaniT erTi meores.ros gavigone Seni simReraTvalebma kocna gaimeoresgulma Zalumad daiwyo Zgera.

da gaZlev sityvas, Tu gwams es sityva,Cemo oliko, Cemo gogoninu mkiTxav imas, rac ukve iTqvaiyav poetis kargi gamgoni! miyvarxar. i. griSaSvili 1920w.

lola wereTelis werilebidan:

19/IX, 19w.salami sosos soxumidan. sul maxsovar. sul mowyenili lola.

29/VIII,20w. baTumidan

Seni Ria baraTi miviRe, sadac iwerebi SeiZleba Camovideo, Tu marto xar da gsur-so. amdeni xania micnob da ver mimxvdarxar rom marto var...soso genacvale, didisiamovnebiT mogeli... sjobs fostaSi gamogzavno xolme werili, daxuruli dadazRveuli. aq rogorRac Cemi `intimni~ cxovreba zogs ainteresebs. gakoceb Wkvi-

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an SublSi da lamaz tuCebSi. lola.20/IX, 20w. baTumidan`...rom icode rogor minda Seni naxva. ras warmovidgendi rom momwyindeboda

uSenoba... gamogzavne Seni leqsebi an krebulebi. mwyuria Seni lamazi tuCebis koc-na da Seni wminda saxis naxva. lola.

nino TariSvili

1921-24 wlebSi i. griSaSvilisadmi miwerili nino TariSvilis werilebis gacno-bisas, vrwmundebiT rom poets mTeli gatacebiT, TavdaviwyebiT uyvarda poeti daes siyvaruli Caaqsova leqsebsa da werilebSi. 1926 wels saTauriT `mzeSi~gamocemul nino TariSvilis krebulSi, leqsebis umravlesoba, mag. `griSaSvils~,`cisferi Tvali~, `imis xelebs~, `leqsis falavani~, `Sens mdidar Rimils~, `fer-mkrTali saxe~, `trauri cisfer Tvalze~, `Seni wigni~, `rodemdis~ da a.S eZRvnebaioseb griSaSvils.

nino TariSvilis werilebidan

12/I-1924w.`...Sen Ralats mwameb kidev... CemisTana qalTan nacnobobac ki ar ginda. geficebi

yvelafers mTeli Cemi leqsebi Sen gekuTvnian da es leqsic (barikadSi)1 sul Tavidanbolomde Senia, SenTvis daiwera. mxolod oTxi sityva2 aris, nu Tu es Ralatia?!Ralati qaRaldze daweril oTxi sityviT, romelnic me mxolod sailustracioTvixmare. o, mapatie, mapatie Cemi aseTi daudevroba. vwyevli im saaTs, im wuTs, rocaeg oTxi sityva davwere. ramdeni mwuxareba gamoiwvies! ratom ar movkvdi, an raT argamidunda xeli, vidre mag sityvebs davwerdi. mapatie, soso, mapatie Sen genacvale,gexvewebi, Torem ar vici ras vizam. miTxari oRond da me erT leqssac aRar davbeW-dav. ise mZuls Cemi Tavi, rogorc aravin qveyanaze, mZuls imitom rom ese gawyenine.geficebi es sityvebi ubraloT vixmare. mapatie oTxi sityva. maswavle, riT gavas-woro danaSauli da me mzad var yvelafrisTvis. Sen gewyina vici, magram meores mxrivvfiqrob Sen Zalian xSirad meubnebi iseT saSinel rameebs, romelic me azradac armomsvlia. da Seni umizezo eWvianoba Sen ginda, me ese mgonia, gaxado Cveni daSoreb-is sababaT... me verc ki momiZebnia Sesaferi sityvebi, rom Cemi siwminde da simarTledagimtkico... meyvarebi yovelTvis Cemi pirveli siwmindiT da sifaqiziT. Cems gul-Si mxolod Seni siyvarulia momwyvdeuli.

1. n. TariSvilis usaTauro leqsi daibeWda gaz. `barikadis~ 1924 w. 1, gv3.2. am leqsSi erTi striqoni ase ikiTxeba `rogorc Seyvareba ticianis xelebze~.

am striqonis garSemoa saubari.

7/II-1924w.`...arasodes ar megona, rom ase Zlier miyvarxar... ar SemiZlia uSenoT. vwer sru-

li SegnebiT. momwere Seni pasuxi. ar SemiZlian amdeni lodini, gavgiJdebi... momw-ere, gamagebine, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi me vifiqreb, rom Sen arasodes ar giyvardi,mxolod ganSorebis mizezs eZebdi. n. T.~

n. TariSvilis werilebTan devs patara baraTi: `nino TariSvils. Camosulxar.intuiciiT vgrZnob, rom dRes moxval CemTan. me ki adre unda wavide. stambaSi mnaxe,kargi? `ilioni~ ibeWdeba. kantora `ganaTlebis~ pirdapir. me-5 stamba. meliq-az-arianis did saxlSi mikiTxe. i. gr. 13/X-22w.

nino TariSvilia i. griSaSvilis leqsebis `trioleti. n. T.~ `Cemi aRmarTi~ dasxv. adresati.

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Cemi aRmarTi

exla Sen CemTan aRar dadixar!ambob: `Sors cxovrob, aRmarTi mRalavs!~Sen rioSi xar, rogorc sadixa,da Cvens siyvaruls ar uxdi Ralas!

roca giyvardi vgavdi ia-vards,me ar vicodi, ra iyo dardi!leqsad vfantavdi ferTa niaRvars,roca giyvardi... roca giyvardi.

roca giyvardi, Cemi xarfuxiSens Sesaxvedrad fexze dgebodada subsarqisis mkacri qarbuqiunazes sioT gveCveneboda.

roca giyvardi, bevrjer SevaqeTCveni tuCebis Sirazis vardi;Cemi aRmarTi migaCnda vaked,roca giyvardi... roca giyvardi.

1928 w.

nora abaSiZe

nora abaSiZe 1930 wels daaxloebuli iyo poetTan. i. griSaSvilis daxmarebiT daxelSewyobiT kote marjaniSvilma miiRo TeatrSi. gaTxovda nikoloz (kolia) go-ZiaSvilze 1931 wels.

werilebi nora abaSiZisadmi1930.10/XI

is werilic, romelic dedaSenma daiWira da me araferi miTxari, amnair qaRaldzeiyo dawerili. kargo gogoni! _ ra bednieri viyavi, 7-s noembers. am dros, am dResSen samjer miTxari `genacvale!~ marTalia, CurCuliT iyo warmoTqmuli, magramgulwrfelad, nuTu ase ubralod da umizezod unda gavSordeT erTmaneTs? ra vi-codi, Turme ukanaskneli saRamo iyo, amas mec vgrZnobdi da leqsebs leqsebze geub-nebodi. moigone es saRamo da renskis `Tea-jaz~, sadac Cems mxarze dayrdnobiliismendi mis TamaSs. ra bednieri viyavi maSin. nora CemTan iyo Sinaurulad. ratomunda damSorde? erTis mxriv mexarian, rom dedaSeni ase gifrTxildeba; mec ar gwer-di `saxels gaufrTxildi!~ Tu es werili axsovs, sadac ramdenime gulwrfeligamoTqmaa romantiul eqtaziT damarcvluli, ratom is Cemi sxva werilebi ar axs-ovs, sadac mec gifrTxildebodi. rad var aseTi. ratom ambobs dedaSeni, rom me sax-elgatexili poeti var. vis ra davuSave. nuTu Sen ver daarwmune, rom me iseTi aravar, rogorsac mtrebi msaxaven? amis gamo gaixsene me TviT geridebodi da rocaxSirad sxvebTan oficialurad gelaparakebi xolme, Sen es gwyinda kidec. maS ro-dis iyo, me Sens saxels ar ufrTxildebodi?

1930.14/XInora! rogor cud gunebaze var. bedi yovelTvis asea! cotaTi gavixare Senis siax-

loviT da exla isev wixlsa mcems bedi. ra iqneboda, rom roca CemTan xar, _ sxva araxseno? aramc Tu `axseno!~ xuTSabaTs 13/XI, TeatrSi viyavi dabarebuli. repeti-cias daveswari. mere notebze sityvebi iyo saWiro da TeatrSi 2-saaTamde davrCi. meaSkarad gavigone, Cemda gasagonad sTqves, rom Sen erT msaxiobTan flirti gaqvs. immsaxiobs TiTqos ukocnia kidec. es TiTqos im msaxiobs dautrabaxnia. ras niSnavs

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es? nuTu ar SeiZleba, rom im dros, roca me `Cemada~ gTvli, sxva CamoiSoro? es xomCemi saxelis Seurachyofaa, erTsa da imave dros oris motrfiale. ratom? raSigWiria? Sen bunebiT ara xar fexmsubuqa gogona da ratom iqcevi ase? gTxov, noradaufiqrde amas.

Sen aseTi xasiaTi gaqvs. Tu vismes ar uyvarxar, giyvars, Tu uyvarxar, gabezrebses grZnoba. ax, ratom ara var SensaviT axalgazrda, rom miamitad da cecxleuladSegiyvaro. ax, ratom ara var xnieri, rom yoveli nabiji gamozomili mqondes da SensxasiaTebTan Sefardebulad vimoqmedo, raTa var i. griSaSvili.

P.S. TiTqos TeatrSi imitom moewye, rom me davitanjo. ratom? ra dagiSave? Tuasea, maSin aRar vifiqreb Senze da moisveneb Senc. Cemgan mainc aiRe magaliTi. rocaSenTana var _ Seni var. roca aRar momewonebi _ getyvi da sxvagan gadavinacvleb.erTsa da imave dros ki orivegan yofna. es, es ar vici ra saxeli vuwodo amas.

iyav amayi, viT mTis jixuriSenTan var, sadac gaixiznebigulis karebi magrad mixureda daamwyvdie oqros miznebi.

i. griSaSvilis ubis wignakSi Cawerili aqvs: `noram miTxra sxva miyvarso, lixsiqiTa mcxovrebi daasaxela, ivliane n-Ze, radgan agrea, mec gagebutebi da sxvasTangadavinacvleb meTqi:

`vinaidan Segiyvarda ivlianCems binaze exla sxvebi ivlian~.

ioseb griSaSvilis werilinaTela N-s22/IX, 30w.

naTeliano!ai, ramdeni xania _ me Seni araferi ar vici? im Ria baraTis Semdeg. ra moxda,

ratom araferi Sematyobine?.. romeli Ria baraTi? romeli da `mokiTxvamde!~ romewera da fostalionma, pativiscemis niSnad saxlSi rom mogarTva?.. aqa xar? tfil-isSi? Tu isev borjomSi. rogor vRelav! vin icis Tqvenma ojaxma eg Ria baraTi in-timur werilad CasTvala, da ra ar ifiqra mgosan griSaSvilze!!! an iqneba gaiZulesamxanagebma, dedam, mamam, rom aRar minaxulo? nu Tu `griSaSvili~ marTlac, raRacsafrTxobelaa mamebisTvis, ZmebisTvis da qmrebisTvis, rom Cems wminda saxels Cir-qsa scxeben daumsaxureblad, mxolod imitom rom maTma qalebma, debma da colebmamimatovon da CemTan aRar gaiaron sxvadasxva mizezisa gamo?.. nu Tu es RvarZli danacili Senamdec movida, Cemo erTaderTo balRo, uzenaeso da unazeso? an iqnebadamiviwye Sen TiTon? Sen TiTon, sxvebis dauxmarebliv? damiviwye ise rogorc ivi-wyeben agarakze gacnobis Semdeg? Tu asea, ra gaewyoba?.. mainc gmadlob, im oriodkarg wuTisTvis, im gemriel da nerviul tanjvisTvis, romelic Sen me margune immokle xnis ganmavlobaSi Cemi borjomSi yofnis dros... vnanob, rom me ase mogeaxle,ase SegeCvie, Tu SeiZleba ase iTqvas...

naTela N-is werilebidan i. griSaSvilisadmi

`...miviRe Seni marTlac rom originaluri baraTi-salamiT aryis xis qerqzed.risTvisac minda aTjer, aTasjer gakoco. ara, marto magisTvis ki ara, yvelaf-risTvis, alersisaTvis, zrunvisaTvis, Seni siaxlovisTvis da im sulier simSvidis-aTvis, romelsac mxolod Sens axlos vgrZnob. gakoceb bevrs, bevrs, Seni naTela.

7/IX, 30w.

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`...Sen, rom mwer erTi kargi leqsis Tema xaro, veWvob soso metismeti yoveldRi-uri var me Cemi gancdebiT poetis muzisaTvis. Sen nurasodes nu ifiqreb, rom meCemi SenTan damokidebulebiT gaiZulebde leqsis daweras, arasodes Zvirfaso! mo-mwere werili soso, nu daizareb. gakoceb. Seni naTela.

9/IX, 30w.

`...ra var? erTi vici mxolod, rom mTlad grZnoba var da ici, xandaxan menatrebaugrZnobi da tlanqi viyo da Senc xom ase xar soso, ase ki ara metad. metad imitomrom poeti xar da ufro nazi xar, oRond Sen bednieri xar imiT, rom odnav Svebas,siamovnebas mainc grZnob Senis leqsebiT. me es maSin vigrZeni, roca leqsis Tqmisdros gnaxe pirvelad, imdeni siyvaruli gaqvs yovel Sens sityvisadmi... _ kargad,kargad iyavi Zvirfaso, uZvirfaseso da yvelafero!

Seni naTela.16-17/IX-30w.

naTeliano

sadac gind viyo, Zvirfaso, Sensken hqris leqsis pwkarebi,saiTac qari amova, mec iqiT mogeferebi!netav aq viyo, gixilo, cotaxniT erTi wamiTa,dilis saarze gakoco da gagebulo RamiTa.

netav Sens sulTan umankov, mamyofa, damaziara,mTavres mwikvli aqvs, wyals-zadi, da Sens wminda suls ki ara!naTeliano! mag SubliT, aSuqeb dabebs, qalaqebsda ca gorozad rom gxedavs, Rrubels Rrubelze alagebs.

karmenis vardi gesrole, Segatye, bavSvo, giama, _Sen mipasuxe: `mag grZnobam oci wliT daigviana!~namusic vardiani gaqvs, sityva, _ pasuxi RmerTuli,nu miwyen, Tu ram wamomcda, uxeSi, ukuRmarTuli.

bevrs arasa gTxov, mewvie, cotaxniT, erTi wamiTa,dilis saarze gakoco, da gagebuto RamiTa!

1930w.

Tamara sulaqveliZe gaTxovili mandilosnis dRiuridan i. griSaSvilze

Tamara sulaqveliZe avtoria wignebis: `diasaxlisis cnobari~ Tb. 1956w. `pro-grama da meToduri miTiTebani kult. sagan. daw. arsebuli kulinariis wrebisaTvis~,Tb., 1951w., `samzareulo diasaxlisebisaTvis~, Tb., 1949w. janmrTeli da avadmyofiadamianis saWmeli~, Tb., 1954 w. da a.S.

dRiurTan miwerilia: T. s. erTi Seyvarebuli qalis dRiuridan. amovwere zogi-erTi adgili. i. griSaSvili. 1947w.

`...dRe da Rame sul Tvalwin midgas. erT wuTs ar mSordeba, Rame Tu ki dameZina,masTan var. erT dRes rom ar vnaxo, Cemze ukve moqmedebs _ ver vZleb. cxadia me ismiyvars...~ 1947w. 2/IX.

`...igi Tbilisidan wasuli iyo sami dRiT. me sami dRe ar menaxa, sumTlad gavgiJ-di, es sami dRe momeCvena sam Tved~. 17/IX,47w.

`...mTeli dReebi saxlSi viyavi. Turme ra bednieri viyavi da ar vafasebdi. rasaSineleba yofila siyvaruli. vitanjebi. ra vqna, rogor moviqce ar vici. is ki vici,

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rom gagiJebiT miyvars. Cemi pirveli siyvarulia. 19/IX, 47w.

`me is gagiJebiT miyvars da swored amisaTvis marto ar unda wavyolodi. exlaCemi misi daviwyeba yovlad SeuZlebelia. 20/IX.

`gana mas SeuZlia Cemi umanko, wminda siyvarulis gageba? Zalian, Zalian miyvars.sul mTeli dReebi masze vfiqrob. nuTu aucilebelia, rom masac vuyvarde. 21/IX.

`...gagiJebiT miyvars igi. cxadia CemTvis Znelia. me aravin myvarebia. CemTvis pirve-li siyvarulia. masTan roca var, verafers ver veubnebi. minda ufro metad movefe-ro. 30/IX.

`...ruseTSi aRar mivdivar. marTalia sawyenia, magram ra vqna, amasac avitan. esaraferia. mainc igi ar modioda. me gamiWirdeboda uimisoT yofna... mas erideba erTipirovnebis. 2/X.

`...wuxel mTeli Rame tirilSi gavatare. Zalian mewyina, rom dabejiTebiT igiuarzea CemTan wamosvlaze, rogor ki iZaxda: `netavi orni wavideT sadmeo~. maS esise zereled naTqvamia yvelaferi. ase zereled aris da, ai swored amas vgrZnobdida vgrZnob me da es mtanjavs. egeb eSinia, ar avekido iqidan rom davbrundebiT. arvuTxra, ar vuTxra SenTan wamovalo?... Cems Tavs: Seurigdi im azrs, rom ase undaCakla es grZnoba da Cemi masTan siaruli aRar SeiZleba. me mas marto saxlSi aRarSevxvdebi. mTeli dReebi marto vtiri. misi mosvlis dros pirs viban da vaCvenebTavs viTomc araferia. 2/X

`...me xom mtkice nebisyofisa var. unda moverio Cems grZnobas, unda Cavkla imissiyvaruli. me xom ara var misi pirveli da ukanaskneli. Cems garda xom sxvebsac hy-varebiaT, magram gadautaniaT da Semdeg kidev sxva SehyvarebiaT. 4/X.

`...ra iqneboda tyuili mainc eTqva, wamovalo, me xom mas ar Sevawuxebdi. me xomar waviyvandi Tavis dReSi. TviTon rom iZaxda wamovalo, me guli miwuxda, ar mind-oda, meSinoda gzaSi ar gaciebuliyo, ar Sewuxebuliyo. Zalian mwyins is, rom ma-gasac ar esmis Cemi. me xom is sul sxvanairad miyvars. ver warmoudgenia Tu vinmesodesme ase hyvarebia vinme, an uyvars, rogorc me. me xom is sxvanairad miyvars, ararogorc mamakaci, yoveli misi nivTi, yoveli misi wigni, yoveli misi nagleji qaRaldimirCevnia mTel qveyanas... roca vinme masze kargs ar metyvis, guli mtkiva, ver vis-veneb, suls miwuxebs. gana me SevZleb imas, rom igi ar miyvardes? es CemTvis war-moudgenelia. rogor unda gavZlo erTi Tve, roca erTi dRec miWirs. rogor undaviyo ise, rom misi xmac ver gavigo, aq xom telefoniTac vkmayofildebodi xandax-an... 5/X

guSin ar minaxavs. ise menatreba TiTqos erTi welia ar minaxavs. rogor unda gav-Zlo me sacodavma erTi Tve da Tanac unda vebrZolo Cems Tavs, rom es grZnobebiCavkla. cxadia amaSi odnavadac eWvi ar mepareba, rom me mas ar vuyvarvar. gana masrom vuyvarde, is me ase marto gamiSvebda? _ cxadia is me gagiJebiT miyvars. sulminda, rom mTeli dRe da Rame mas uyuro. mis magier mTeli dRe suraTs vuyureb.vkocni, vealersebi. mis suraTs Tan ar waviReb. egre ajobebs, codva ar var. iq ufroSevwuxdebi, ratom unda vgiJdebode da miyvardes gagiJebiT iseTi adamiani, romel-sac me ar vuyvarvar? dRes vici, rom saRamos vnaxav, moxsenebas akeTebs. ukve imisfiqriT, rom vnaxav, raRaca mixaria. nu Tu me SevZleb am Cems grZnobebis Cakvlas?nu Tu SesaZlebelia, rom me siyvaruli misdami aRara mqondes. es CemTvis raRac war-moudgenelia. maS ramdeni brZola unda damWirdes, ramdeni ram, rom es gavakeTo.nu Tu Cemi agebuleba amas aitans? 6/X.

`...rogorc Cveulebriv igi SesaniSnavi iyo am saRamos. iq rom ijda prezidiumSi

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da aqedan vuyurebdi, vwvalobdi, mindoda mivsuliyav da mekocna. magram gana ram-denjerme, aramed mTeli saaTebi. me SemiZlia 24 saaTi vkocno, ar momwyindeba.sakvirvelia, kocna rogor mejavreboda. nu Tu aseT siZulvils SeiZleboda romaseTi kocnis siyvaruli mohyoloda. mas roca vxedav, maSinaTve minda rom vakoco.Cems sicocxleSi es grZnoba ar mqonia, Tavis dReSi ver warmovidgendi, rom me asekocna Semiyvardeboda! minda sul mTlianad gadavylapo. saxlSi roca viyaviT mas-Tan, Zlivs vikavebdi Tavs, mindoda mekocna Cems sayvarel qveda tuCisaTvis. exlaki es yvelaferi unda gahqres. me 10-s an 11-s waval. vin icis gzaSi ra momiva. Camovalcocxali Tu ara. es kidev sakiTxia. ucxo qalaqSi marto aseTi mZime dardiT. ra mo-miva vin icis. mas ki hgonia, rom me gasarTobad mivdivar. mas Cemi ar esmis. ra saSinele-baa roca Seni ar esmiT. mas albad isic ar esmis, rom me arasodes aravin myvarebia daes CemTvis pirvelia. warmodgenili maqvs Cemi Tavi marto moskovSi. aseTi dardiTgana me SemiZlia gaverTo, gana me SemiZlia misi daviwyeba? ar vici ra memarTeba, arvici~... 7/X.

`wuxel pirvel saaTamde masTan viyavi. ar unda meqna me es. me xom Cems Tavs piro-ba miveci, magram ver verevi Cems grZnobebs. me is Zalian miyvars da amitom mindasul masTan yofna da cxadia ver vikaveb Tavs. es yvelaferi TiTqos Cemda uneblieTxdeba~... 8/X.

`...wuxeli Cvensas iyo. veTamaSe karti. wavage eqvsjer. TamaSi iswavla. Zalian mix-aria. exla yovelTvis momigebs. roca CvenTan aris Zalian Zalian bednieraT vTvliTavs. ase mgonia mTeli qveyana Cemia. yvelaferi misi miyvars da maxarebs. misi mot-anili broweuli ise unaxaviviT SevWame da iseTi siamovnebiT, me TviTon mikvirda.roca CvenTan aris sadilad maSin mada maqvs araCveulebrivi. yvelafers gemoze vWamda bevrs. Cvenebma ar Sematyon, merideba. am wuTs amas rom vwerdi, dareka, kidevmoskovSi wasvlaze melaparaka. Sens qmars daucadeo 15-mde. nu Tu mas hgonia, romvisTanac ar unda iyos, mexaliseba wasvla? me masTan mixaroda wasvla, sxva araferi...Cemi wasvlis mTavari mizezi TviTon aris. minda am wasvliT Cems grZnobebs vebrZo-lo. gana misi datoveba aq CemTvis Zneli ar aris? sikvdilia Cemi wasvla. gana CemTvisbednierebaa uimisoT wasvla. es jojoxeTia, magram unda wavide. mas sjera, rom 15-Si Cemi qmari wamiyvans... mokleT: _ erTi cxadia, 11-Si dilis 6 saaTze waval. dResmas ver vnaxav. xval albaT mova erTi-ori saaTiT da amiT gaTavdeba Cemi siyvaruli.roca Camoval Cven erTmaneTisaTvis ucxoni viqnebiT. SevxvdebiT ise, rogorc Sar-San da SarSanwin vxvdebodiT. Zalian cudaT maqvs guli. wuxelis cudaT meZina. 9/X.

`... mas rom tyvilad erTi mainc eTqva ar waxvideo, me ar wavidodi. is amas ar meub-neba. maSasadame Cemi Tavidan mocileba unda... roca meubneba darCio, Tanac imasatans Seni qmari wagiyvanso, is ar esmis rom me Cems qmarTan Casvla ar minda... vrCebi.ar mivdivar. miTxra nu waxvalo, davujere, ar waval. me mas siamovnebiT Sevusrulebyvelafers, oRond mas esiamovnos... erTxel kidev vcdi, vuyvarvar Tu ara? wuxe-lis Sempirda movalo, vucade 1 saaTamde, ar movida... erTi bewva rameze xelad tele-fonSi meubneba mSralad: naxvamdis~ _ raRac sazarlad. RmerTo Cemo ratom meub-neba amas, ra davuSave, imitom rom miyvars, grZnobs, amisaTvis meqceva ase? gindaTTavidan CamogexsnaT, iciT ra? esec albaT TavisiT mova, rogorc siyvaruli. 10/X.

dRiuri aq Tavdeba.moamzada nodar grigoraSvilma

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nikoloz baraTaSvilis epistolurimemkvidreobisa da saaxloblo wris Ses-wavlisaTvis mniSvnelovnad gvesaxebamisi dis ekaterines (1821-1853) meuRlisrevaz luarsabis Ze qsnis erisTavis(1812-1881) ojaxis Sesaxeb axalibiografiuli cnobebis mopoveba da ar-sebulis dazusteba. amasTan, vinaidan amojaxis zogierTi wevri da naTesavi (le-van erisTavi, daviT jorjaZe, barZim am-ilaxvari...) 1832 wlis SeTqmulebismonawilecaa, kvleva am TvalsazrisiTacunda iyos sayuradRebo.

nikoloz baraTaSvilis ufrosi daekaterine melitonis asuli baraTaSvili1821 wels daibada. saeklesio Canawereb-is wigni gvauwyebs: `dedaTa sqesi? 10.ricxvi dabadebis dRisa?21. vin vis dae-bada?, vin ganaTla saxli da monaTla, rasaxeli daerqva axalSobilsa? Tvesa se-qtembersa daebada Tavads meliton bara-Tovs qali. saxli gaunaTla mRvdelmaefrem fanovma, saxeli ewoda ekaterineda ganaTlulsa zeda missa imRvdelmo-qmeda dekanozma dimitri aleqsievma.ricxvi monaTvlis dRisa? noembris 1. viniyvnen mimqmelad anu naTliad? mim-qmelad iyo Rubernatoris svimoniCismeuRle barbare~. (i. balaxaSvili.`baraTaSvilis cxovreba~. literaturada xelovneba~, Tbilisi. 1967w., gv.74).

ekaterine 1944 wlis 6 aprils daunu-SnavT goris mazris memamuleze, prapor-

maia cercvaZe

`biWic kargia da ojaxic kargi aqvs~nikoloz baraTaSvilis naTesavebis kvaldakval

SCik revaz luarsabis Ze erisTavze.jvriswera amave wlis ivnisSi momxdara.saeklesio CanawerSi vkiTxulobT: `1844weli. ivnisis 29-sa. praporSCikma Tavadrevaz luarsabis Ze erisTavma qarTvelTsarwmunoebisa da maioris Tavadis meli-ton baraTovis asul ekaterinem qarTv-el sarwmunoebisa, iqorwines pirvelTaqorwinebiTa. iyvnen Tavdebni: sasiZosmxriT Tavadi givi baramis Ze amilaxvari,Tavadi aleqsandre Coloyovi da sasiZosmxriT Tavadi luarsab biZinas Ze qsniserisTavi, Tavadi daviT erisTavi~. (i.balaxaSvili. `nikoloz baraTaSvili~.`literatura da xelovneba~. Tbilisi.gv. 75-76).

siZesa da mis naTesavebs _ revazerisTavis Zmebs _ levans da daviTs damaT meuRleebs, revazis debs, dedas dadedis Zmas _ nikoloz baraTaSvili ax-senebs oTx pirad werilSi (1844 wlis 15aprilis, 10 maisis, agvistos werilebizaqaria orbelianisadmi da 1844 wlis 23maisis werili grigol orbelianisadmi).

dasaxelebul baraTebSi sxva ambebT-an erTad poeti dis niSnobasa daqor-wilzec mouTxrobs Tavis biZebs. igiaRfrTovanebulia siZiTa da siZis sax-leuliT da werilis adresatebs Tavissixaruls uziarebs: `kato davniSneTwarsuls kviras revaz erisTavzed daqorwilsac saamaRlebod vapirebT.didad mixarian. biWic kargia da ojaxic

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kargi aqvs. aTasi rom viCanCaloT, isevsaqarTveloSi unda davabolooT Cvenicxovreba da amisTvis Cemi hazri es aris,rom, rac unda vifrancucoT, mainc Zve-li ojaxi da kargi damokidebuleba racunda waxdes, axalTan kidev mova!~(n.baraTaSvilis 1844 wlis 15 aprilis wer-ili zaqaria orbelianisadmi).

revaz erisTavi Tavisi droisaTvisSeZlebul Tavadad iTvleboda, rac gan-sakuTrebiT uxarebda guls materialu-rad SeWirvebul baraTaSvilebs. amavewlis agvistoSi nikolozi biZamiss swer-da: zaqariav, swores guliT getyvi, romkato Tavis mosawons, exlandels droSisanatrels ojaxSia. Zmebis umagaliToTanxmoba, simdidre saxlisa da uvalo-ba!~

miuxedavad ojaxis usaxsrobisa, eka-terinesTvis qorwilic kargi gadauxdi-aT da mziTevic mdidruli gautanebiaT,rasac imave werilidan vigebT: `kargiqorwili gardvixadeT~, `mziTevi gaS-injes... mrTels qarTlSi gaiTqva~. mz-iTevis gawyobaSi didi monawileoba mi-uRiaT patarZlis biZebs zaqarias, rom-lis bavSvobis megobaric yofila sasiZo,da grigols. SemorCenilia n. baraTaS-vilis mSoblebis efemiasa da melitonis1844 wlis 15 aprilis werilebi zaqariaorbelianisadmi, romelic imxanadsamxreT daRestanSi msaxurobda. aRniS-nul werilebSi isini ojaxis mZime finan-sur mdgomareobaSi yofnis gamo fuladSemweobas sTxoven mas am saqmeSi. efemiawerda zaqarias: `Cemi qali kato gavaTx-ove, Seni diswuli miveci revazerisTavisSvils, aprilis eqvs davwiderogorc rigi aris, Tumca qorwilic un-dodaT, magram me mzaT ar viyav da amis-aTvis darCa, romelic unda mivce asiTumani fulad da asi Tumnis mziTevi.s[a]amaRleboT maSureben jvaris weras,rogorc RmerTi Segveweva ise undamovaxerxoT Cveni saqme ... Zmao, Cemi dab-rkoleba moumzadebloba aris, rasadrosmzaT viqnebi jvars daiwers. exla Sen ici,Zmao, raRa Cemi mowera ginda, unda See-wio. egebis grigols mandedam Seatyobi-no es ambavi... Senma gazdam, zaqariav, diaxkargi saqme moxda. yvelas ukvirs. maincmizezi Sena xar am saqmisa da Tu RmerTicSemewia da Cqara davabolove. am wignispasuxs Cqara moveli Sengan. Seni da

efemia kneina baraTovisa~. igives sTxov-da colisZmas misi siZe melitonic: Zmao,katua gavaTxoveT da jvarsac saamaRle-bod vwerT... aba, xom hpirdebodi, droces aris Tu mogvaSveleb rasmes. xom iciCemi mdgomareoba rogorc aris, Senmagazdam didad gaWirvebaSi var exla amSemTxvevisTvis, Sengan tyuili ar mwam-da da exla Cemzed aRasrule... Tu drozemomeSvelebi katuas mziTvisTvis Sen ici,Tu ara da gaWirdeba saqme. Seni melitonbaraTovi~(i. griSaSvili. nikolozbaraTaSvilis mSoblebis werilebi.`literaturuli narkvevebi~. `saxel-gami~. Tbilisi. 1957. gv. 491-492). zaqariaorbeliani marTlac daxmarebia disojaxs: `z[aqar]ias da g[iorg]is (ig-ulisxmeba melitonis disSvili giorgisaginaSvili (1792 an1800-1844) _ m.c.)kargi saqorwilo gamoegzavnaT. z[aqar]iaiwereba, rom g[rigo]lma sul bRujeuladiciso. _ k[ato]m SemogiTvala: axla Senicio, egec did-kacoba, esec SemTxvevagamodgomisao, Tumca ki sul erTia:Tund Sensa jibeSi da Tund Cems jibe-Sio~_ n. baraTaSvili imave wlis 23 mai-sis werilidan gr. orbelianisadmi. didiambebi gadamxda Cemis qalis gaTxoveba-zed, RvTis mowyalebiT kargi mziTevimiveciT, rac CemisTanas Tavadis SvilsSeefereboda, asi Tumnis Tamasuqi gamo-varTvi erTi wlis vadiT, magram, Zmao, Tues Tamasuqi ar yofiliyo, saqme avaT mid-ioda. Zmao Cemo sicocxlev. aseT drosmomivida Sengan fuli, Senma sicocxlem,is oci Tumani asi Tumnis alagas movix-mare. imdeni sicocxle mqondes, zaqari-av, ramdeni katos wayvanaze Sena gna-trobda, mal-mal metyoda Cemi kato _netavis erTi zaqarias naxva mRirsebo-da~(citirebulia wignidan: ` i. balaxaS-vili. `nikoloz baraTaSvili~. `liter-atura da xelovneba~. Tbilisi. 1967. gv.77) .

ekaterines meuRle revaz erisTaviSvilia kapitan luarsab giorgis Ze qs-nis erisTavisa (Cans 1771-1812) da mariamfarnaozis (farnas) asul wulukiZisa(Cans 1817-1852 wlebSi). n. baraTaSvilis1844 wlis agvistos werilSi ixsenieba`arqieri wulukiZe, katos dedamTilisZma~; `arqieri ezoSi idga, karavSi, Wan-drebs qveS. im dRes amobZanda katos san-axavad, daloca da erTi oqroT moWed-

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ili RvTismSoblis xatiaCuqa...~vfiqrobT es unda iyos nikorw-mindeli episkoposi sofrom wulukiZe,romelsac 1821 wlis 19 noembris brZa-nebiT Seqmnili imereTis eparqiismmarTveloba Caabares imperatoris neba-surviliT da romelsac ruseTis sinod-ma arqiepiskoposis wodeba mianiWa. so-fromi imereTis eparqias 1845 wlamdeganagebda.

revaz erisTavs hyavda ori Zma: levanida daviTi.

n. baraTaSvilis werilebidan Cans, radid pativs scemdnen da anebivrebdnenisini mis ufros das, patarZal ekater-ines:

`levanisa xom sulia kato da daviTxom imis nebivrobaSia! me es miama, rommteri ver gaixare[b]s~(n. baraTaSvilis1844 wlis agvistos werili zaqaria or-belianisadmi).

revazis ufrosi Zma levan erisTavi(1805-?) praporSCikia, 1832 wlis SeT-qmulebis monawile. pirvelad is 1822wels qeTevan bagratis asul bagration-muxranelze (1807-?), meored 1838 welsTamar grigolis asul ColoyaSvilzedaqorwinda.

1832 wlis SeTqmulebis sagamoZiebomasalebSi vxvdebiT sagulisxmo cnobebslevan erisTavis Sesaxeb. kerZod, misCvenebaSi vkiTxulobT: `mqvian levan,mami Cemisa saxeli aris luarsab, Cinimaqvs praporCikoba. me var ocda xuTiswlisa. coliani var jvardawerili mux-ran batonis bagratis qalze sami vaJimyavs patarebi, deda myavs da ori uasakoZmebi. me myavs yma da mamuli goris uezd-Si da duSeTis uezdSi as oTxmoci komlidamrCa da as samoci komli CamomarTves,wlis Semosavali rac damWirdeboda dafulaT ar hqonda gadaWrili Cemis ymi-dam da mamulidam vcxovrobdi. meaRvizarde Cems mSoblebTan. me viyavwinapirvelaT rom yizilbaSSi omi iyomaSin Renaral maior davidovTan da vim-saxure oTxi Tve, masukan viyav grafpaskeviCTan osmalos omSi, yarsisaTvismomeca praporCikoba da axalcixisaTvisCeTverTi stepeni ana zaxrabrosti. masu-kan osebSi viyav paxodSi RenaralreinkafTan da vimsaxure da ar davWril-var. ara vyofilvar arc peterburxs daarc moskovs. qristianobrivis movaleo-

biT daviarebi me eklesiaSi da yovelwlivmimiRia wminda saidumlo.~(g. gozaliS-vili. 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba. tomi I. sax-elmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba.tfilisi. 1935 w. gv.350).

levan erisTavi mkacrad ar daus-jiaT.~samsaxuris gareSe myofi Tavadilevan erisTovi, daWeril iqnas cixeSieqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi da mere darCessaqarTveloSi policiis meTvalyureo-bis qveS~. _ swerda samxedro ministriCerniSevi mTavarmarTebel rozens (g.gozaliSvili. 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba.tomi III. sabWoTa saqarTvelo~. Tbilisi.1976 w. gv. 429).

levan erisTavs imereTSi hyolia biZe-bi dedis mxridan: `me aq qarTlSi aravis-gan gamigonia Tu imereTSi icoda vinme essaqme. me myavs ori biZa imereTSi baWa dayaraman, magram am saqmeze arc kaci gamig-zavnia, ara icodnen ra imaT Cemgan~praporSCiki Tavadi leon erisTavi.~(g.gozaliSvili. 1832 wlis SeTqmuleba.tomi II saxelmwifo universitetis gamom-cemloba. tfilisi. 1935 w. gv. 375-376).

revaz erisTavis umcrosi Zmaa daviTerisTavi (1814-1889), podporuCiki, sax-elmwifo mrCeveli. pirvelad man 1845wels salome Salvas asul erisTavze(1826-1854), meored ki 1858 wels anagrigolis asul bebuTovaze (1839-1918)iqorwina. daviT erisTavis Svilia ni-koloz (kola) erisTavi (1866-1929),praporSCiki, cnobili deklamatori,ilia WavWavaZis megobari.

daviTis qaliSvili, Tavad qaixosrogiorgis Ze javaxiSvilis (1869-1928)meuRle daria (1873-1962) Tavis mog-onebaSi ixsenebs:

`mamaCemis, daviT luarsabis ZeerisTavis ojaxi cxovrobda duSeTismazraSi, sofel axalgorSi (exlandelileningori). mamaCems hyavda xuTi Svili.maTSi ufros vaJs erqva nikolozi anukola, rogorc mas icnobda qarTveli sa-zogadoeba. kolas bavSvobidanve uyvar-da scena da gatacebuli iyo xelovnebiT.igi 8 wlisa iyo mxolod, rodesac pirve-lad miiRo monawileoba molieris piesa-Si, romelSic asrulebda bavSvis rols.rodesac kola wamoizarda, man moindo-ma msaxiobad gaxdoma, magram mamam amisneba ar misca da kolac ZalauneburaddaemorCila mamis survils. man Tavi

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gaaneba scenas da xeli mihyo mxatvrulkiTxvas. am niadagze igi dauaxlovdacnobil qarTvel mwerals ilia WavWavaZ-es da miuxedavad imisa, rom ilia bevradufrosi iyo masze, misi guliTadi me-gobari gaxda. rodesac Cems Zmas SeeZinaufrosi vaJiSvili (igulisxmeba giorgierisTavi (1890-1897), gardaicvala qun-TruSiT _ m. c.), man gadaswyvita rom igiilias moenaTla, marTlac zafxulSimoawyo naTloba da naTliad ilia Wav-WavaZe moiwvia. ilia siamovnebiT da-Tanxmda da naTlobis dRe daniSnes. esmoxda daaxloebiT 1890 wels.~.

`Cveni sasaxle warmoadgenda sam-sarTulian Senobas, romlis farTo ai-vani eyrdnoboda 8 maRal svets. aivnidanTvalwin iSleboda didi baRi da qsnismTeli xeoba. Tvalwarmtacma bunebammoxibla ilia, romelmac gamosTqva Tavi-si aRtaceba. baRSi iliam dainaxa uSvele-beli, maRali Wadris xeebi da maT qveSdidi qvis magida. ilia miubrunda kola-sa da hkiTxa: `es qvebia, romelzedacswerda nikoloz baraTaSvili~-?~(ix.daria erisTavi-javaxiSvilisa. ori dReeris mamasTan~krebulSi `ilia WavWavaZeTanamedroveTa mogonebebSi~`sabWoTasaqarTvelo~, Tbilisi, 1987w. gv. 157-158).

kola erisTavs da mis meuRles anasta-sia giorgis asul ciciSvils (1864-?)giorgis garda kidev sami Svili hyav-daT: Tamari (1893-1980), nino (1895-1928),(gaTxovili iyo simon mixeilis Ze aSx-acavaze (1886-1937), gardaicvala axal-gazrda tuberkuloziT) da Salva (1897-1921), iunkeri, erT-erTi pirveli fex-burTeli, kojorTan brZolebSi gmiru-lad daRupuli. mama sami Svilissikvdils Seswrebia.

revaz erisTavs hyvda ori da: anasta-sia da mariami.

revazis ufrosi da anastasiaerisTavi (1809-1886) 1827 wels coladgahyva 1832 wlis SeTqmulebis monawilisbarZim amilaxvris (1781-1861) vaJs giviamilaxvars (1810-1877), Semdeg ki _ dav-iT egnates Ze TumaniSvils (1783-1827). anastasia erisTavisa da givi amilaxvrisvaJia cnobili generali ivane (niko) givisZe amilaxvari (1829-1905), general-adiu-tanti, kavaleriis generali. ivane ami-laxvari 1850-idan msaxurobda Crdilo-eT kavkasiaSi niJegorodis dragunTa

polkSi. 1853-idan ibrZoda SamiliswinaaRmdeg. yirimis omis (1853-1856)dros kavkasiis frontze osmaleTiswinaaRmdeg monawileobda sofel bain-duris, baSkadiklaris da yarsisbrZolebSi. amilaxvarma gansakuTrebiTgamoiCina Tavi ruseT-osmaleTis omSi(1877-1878). misma cxenosanma diviziamaiRo baiazeTi, diadini, alaSkerti,hasan-kale, arzrumi da sxva. 1893 wlidanmeTaurobda kavkasiis saarmio korpuss.dajildoebuli iyo oqros xmliT `mama-cobisaTvis~da mravali sabrZolo or-deniTa da medliT. gamoqveynebuli aqvsdRiurebi da mogonebebi (Jurnali`Êàâêàçñêèé ñáîðíèê~, 1908-1909, ò.26-29). esCanawerebi saintereso cnobebs Seicavsepoqisa da im brZolebis irgvliv, rom-lebSic mis avtors miuRia monawileoba.ivane amilaxvari iyo qarTvelTa Soriswera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazoga-doebis damfuZnebeli wevri, qarTulsiZveleTa restavratori. 1898 wels manTanxa gaiRo saTavadaznauro skoli-saTvis adgilis SesaZenad da SenobisasaSeneblad. Tanamedroveni axasiaTeben,rogorc did patriots, keTil, lmobier,ubralo da Tavmdabal adamians, Rarib-RatakTa qomagsa da gamkiTxavs. coladhyavda ana (aneta) aleqsandres asulierisTavi (1848-1934), goris mazris Tava-daznaurTa winamZRolis aleqsandreerisTavis (1812-1883) qaliSvili. dakrZa-lulia qaSueTis eklesiaSi. (mis Sesaxebix. m. cercvaZe. masalebi qarTuli aris-tokratiis istoriisaTvis _ elisabederisTavis mogonebani manana orbelian-ze, ekaterine WavWavaZis STamomavlebze,aneta da ivane amilaxvrebze. gelaTismecnierebaTa akademiis Jurnali 5-6(2012), gv. 40-71).

revazis umcrosi daa mariam erisTavi(1816-?). 1831 wels is colad gahyvaeniselel Tavads, 1832 wlis SeTqmuleb-is monawiles, Stabs-kapitan daviT ivanesZe jorjaZes (1810-1866). daviT jorjaZeswavlobda Tbilisis keTilSobilTa sas-wavlebelSi. 1825 wels, me-4 klasSi swav-lisas gaagzavnes saswavleblad peter-burgis meore kadetTa korpusSi. peter-burgSi is luarsab (1789-1850) da dimi-tri (1803-1845) batoniSvilebTan cx-ovrobda. 1830 wels saqarTveloSi dab-runda da saswavlo batalionSi prapor-

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SCikad daiwyo samsaxuri. SeTqmulebissagamoZio komisiam miiCnia me-6 kate-goriis damnaSaved da meTvalyureobisdawesebiT kavkasiis xazze me-5 fexosan-Ta polkSi samsaxurisTvis gagzavna. dav-iT jorjaZis ramdenime nawarmoebi dabe-Wdilia aqvs me-19 saukuns 60-iani wleb-is qarTul presaSi. mkvlevari i. balax-aSvili mas ganjis `gorodniCad~moixse-niebs baraTaSvilis iq yofnis periodSi.(ix. i. balaxaSvili. `nikoloz baraTaS-vili~. `literatura da xelovneba~.Tbilisi. gv. 317) .

ekaterine baraTaSvilsa da revazerisTavs eyolaT Svilebi: elene (1845-1892), nadeJda (1847-?), efemia (1849-?) danikolozi (kola) (1850-1915). nikolozerisTavi, romelsac saxeli udrooddaRupuli poeti biZis pativsacemddaarqves, iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebiswevri. mis Sesaxeb sagulisxmo cnobebsgvawvdis ioseb griSaSvili: `metad sain-tereso moRvawe iyo baraTaSvilis ...dis-wuli nikoloz erisTavi, an rogorc mis-ma megobrebma xumrobiT Searqves: `cun-culaZe~. igi ar iyo mwerali, magramTavisebur sazogado moRvawed iTvle-boda, icoda gatacebuli baasi, exmaure-boda yovelgvar qarTul saqmes, kamaTo-bda, boboqrobda, patriotobda. mansomxis mdidari qali SeirTo (nikolozrevazis Ze erisTavi daqorwinebuli iyopoetsa da qvelmoqmedze ekaterine mix-eilis asul TamamSevaze (1857-1937) _m.c.), (Svili ara hyavda) da fuliTac ex-mareboda qarTul kulturul saqmi-anobas. man 1909 wels kargi nawarmoebi-sTvis premiac daniSna da meTvalyureo-ba sityvakazmul sazogadoebas miando.igi, sxvaTa Soris, gavleniani piri iyomaSindeli maRali moxeleebis wreSi daZalian didi megobari _ daviT erisTavi-sa (igulisxmeba dramaturgi daviTgiorgis Ze erisTavi (1847-1890) _ m.c.)da gansakuTrebiT ilia WavWavaZisa. amasnaTlad amtkicebs daviT erisTavisgamouqveynebeli baraTebi da ilias ker-Zo werilebi... ai es kola erisTavi... iyoiniciatori baraTaSvilis leqsebisgamocemisa. misi moulodneli sikvdil-is gamo, es saqme misma meuRlem ganagrZosakuTari safasiT. am muSaobis Sedegiiyo 1916 wels dabeWdili `bedi

qarTlisa~(mTeli wigni poetis av-tografisagan Sesdgeboda, daurigda mx-olod xelismomwerlebs, gasasyidad argamosula) da baraTaSvilis nawerebispirveli akademiuri gamocema, romelsaceqvsi wlis beWdvis Semdeg mxolod 1922wels eRirsa gamosvla~. (i. griSaSvili.nikoloz baraTaSvilis mSoblebis wer-ilebi. `literaturuli narkvevebi~.`saxelgami~. Tbilisi. 1957. gv. 495-496).)

ekaterine baraTaSvili-erisTavisa1853 wlis 20 marts gardaicvala.

daqvrivebis Semdeg revaz erisTavma1856 wlis 12 Tebervals meored iqorwi-na marTa nikolozis asul bagration-muxranelze (1836-?). yaflan (igulisxme-ba Tavadi yaflan aslanis Ze orbeliani(1813-1878) _ m. c.) dabrunda revazisqorwilidam, Tu isec iq aris?~– ekiTxe-ba Tavis rZals qeTevan orbeliansgrigol orbeliani 1856 wlis 1 martsTemirxanSuradan gamogzavnil werilSi(ix. gr. orbeliani. werilebi. t. 2. 1851-1859. akaki gawerelias redaqciiT daSeniSvnebiT. `saxelmwifo gamomcemlo-ba~Tbilisi, 1937w. gv. 161). niko buri(1868-1933), romlis alali mamidac iyomarTa bagration-muxraneli, Tavis me-muarebSi ixsenebs: `14 wlis lamazi mar-Ta gansakuTrebiT moewona voroncovismeuRles da erTxel waiyvana Tavisnadimze. nadimze yvelaze ukeTesi STabe-Wdileba marTam moaxdina. misma SesaniS-navma silamazem miipyro iq myofi mTeliaxalgazrdobis yuradReba. magram mar-Tas aseTma mowonebam mamamisisagonebelSi Caagdo, _ papaCems siZedgarda qarTvelisa, aravin undoda, amit-om man marTas gaTxoveba daaCqara dacota xnis winaT daqvrivebul Tavad re-vaz erisTavs gaatana colad. revaziZalian mdidari , magram sacoleze TiTq-mis 40 wliT ufrosi (revaz erisTavi 24wliT ufrosi iyo meuRleze. _ m.c.), me-tismetad eWviani kaci gamodga. revazmaaxalgazrda coli Caketa Tavis TeTrsasaxleSi; es sasaxlec iseTive lamazi dasvetebiani iyo, rogorc TbilisSi arCilmuxranelis (igulisxmeba arCil Teimu-razis Ze bagration-muxraneli (1824-1862-mde), marTas siZe, misi ufrosi dis,salomes (1825-?) qmari _ m.c.) saxli; ismdinare qsnis napirze mdebareobda,sacxovrebeli adgilebidan sruliad

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gancalkevebulad. revazis pirvelicoli ekaterine poet nikoloz baraTaS-vilis mkvidri da iyo, romelTanac xSir-ad da didixnobiT stumrobda xolme po-eti~. (niko bagrationi. `burebTan~. mog-oneba. Targmna da SeniSvnebi daurTo ra-Jden gvetaZem. gamomcemloba `sabWoTamwerali~. Tbilisi. 1951. gv. 18).

meore qorwinebidan revaz erisTavsSeeZena Svilebi: Tamari (1859-?), arCili(1860-?), anastasia (1862-1880w.-is Semdeg),sofio (sonia) (1865-?) (aznaur giorgi an-drias Ze kobiaSvilis (1860-?) meuRle) daivane (1868-?).

revaz erisTavi da misi pirveli me-uRle ekaterine baraTaSvili-erisTavi-sa dakrZalulni arian gverdigverdsofel oZisis eklesiaSi. ekaterinessaflavis qvaze Semdegi warweraa: queSelodisa amis mdebare ars Tavadi revazluarsabis Zis erisTavis meuRle ekater-

ine asuli Tavadis meliton baraTovisa,Sobidam kÀ-sa (28) wlisa, gardacvalebu-li amier sofliT Cyng (1853) welsa mar-tis k-sa dResa~. Semdeg igive rusulad.(ix.~qarTvel moRvaweTa nekropoli~.Seadgina, winasityvaoba, SeniSvnebi dasaZiebeli daurTo solomon xuciSvil-ma. saqarTvelos ssr saxelmwifo wignispalatis gamocema. Tbilisi. 1961w. gv.25).

aseTia biografiuli cnobebi revazluarsabis Ze erisTavis ojaxis wevrTa_ n. baraTaSvilis axlobelTa erT wrisada misi kerZo werilebis personaJebisa.isini bolodroindeli istoriul-lit-eraturuli kvlevebis gaTvaliswinebi-Taa warmodgenili.

aqve gvsurs guliTadi madloba movax-senoT saqarTveloSi genealogiuri kv-levebis fuZemdebels baton iuri Ciqo-vans, romlis namuSakevi sxva wyaroebTanerTad yovelTvis did daxmarebas gviw-evs.

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1906 wlis 11 aprils peterburgisgazeTSi `strana~, gamoqveynda statiasaTauriT: `amierkavkasiis satrapieb-Si~. masSi mwvaved iyo gakritikebuliruseTis imperiis xelisuflebis re-presiuli politika amierkavkasiisqveynebSi da gansakuTrebiT saqarTve-loSi. werils xels awerda ucnobi av-tori fsevdonimiT Zveli kavkasieli~.arsebobs araerTi mniSvnelovani gare-moeba, miniSneba Tu argumenti, rom-lebic naTlad cxadyofen, rom aRniS-nuli statiis avtori iyo Cveni didierovnuli moRvawe ilia WavWavaZe.

upirveles yovlisa vaqveynebT pe-terburgul gazeTSi 1906 wels dabeWd-ili werilis qarTul Targmans.

`amierkavkasiis satrapiebSidResdReobiT mTels ruseTSi mZime,

damTrgunveli viTareba sufevs. reaqci-is Savbnelma, Seuwyalebelma Zalebma yve-las da yvelafers daatyves daundobelixeli, magram, Cemi azriT, Znelia war-moidgino Cveni samSoblos romelime sxvakuTxe ise itanjebodes, rogorc am-ierkavkasia.

is Zalmomreoba, romelic TavaSvebu-lad batonobs mTels mxareSi, aRweras areqvemdebareba.

mogizgize xanZrebi, sisxlis nakad-ulebi, gaubedurebuli mosaxleobis gm-inva - ai, amgvari saSineli suraTis mow-

Tvalsazrisi

dimitri SveliZegiorgi JuJunaSvili

ilia WavWavaZis ucnobi werilipeterburgis gazeTSi

meni varT yoveldRe ukve meoTxe Tvea...rac mTavaria, yovelive amas bolo ar

uCans. erTimeoreze samwuxaro ambebsgvatyobineben amierkavkasiis nebismierikuTxidan.

riTaa yovelive es gamowveuli?ruseTSi sayovelTao ganmaTavisu-

flebeli moZraobis amaRlebul dReeb-Si, rogorc cnobilia, saqarTvelo Riadda Tamamad Cadga ruseTis ganaxlebi-saTvis mebrZoli Tavisi Crdiloeli Zme-bis rigebSi da saukeTeso Svilebis mker-diT Seecada daecva axali ideebi. magramqveyanaSi reaqciis zeimma mocela naTe-li momavlis Sesaxeb misi imedebic. mandaawyo iaraRi da damsjelebisadmi nebi-smier winaaRmdegobaze Tqva uari, radganamgvar winaaRmdegobas, romelsac See-Zleboda mxolod garkveuli xniT maincwarmatebis motana, umizno iqnebodasaerTo-saruseTo saqmisaTvis da masSiseparatistuli moZraobis aCrdilsdainaxavdnen Sovinistebi, rac maT aqyvelgan isedac elandebaT.

mosaxlebis mier sruli morCilebisgamocxadebis, didZali raodenobis iar-aRisa da sabrZolo masalebis Cabarebis,fuladi jarimisa da moTxovnili valde-bulebebis gadaxdis survilis miuxeda-vad - alixanovis, baueris, krilovis,gavrilovisa da sxvaTa meTaurobiT mo-qmedma sadamsjelo eqspediciebma zus-tad Seasrules kavkasiis mTavar sam-

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xedro StabSi, tfilisSi muSa jorjiaS-vilis nasroli yumbariT daRupuli gri-aznovis TavmjdomareobiT SemuSavebu-li gegma.

sigrZe-siganeze gadaiares mTelisaqarTvelo cecxliTa da maxviliT amdamsjelma eqspediciebma. maT dawves 50-ze meti qalaqi, dasaxlebuli punqti dasofeli, daarbies yvelaferi, risi dar-bevac SeiZleboda, gaZarcves da daitac-es glexebis dovlaTi, bilwad Zaladobd-nen qalebze, politikuri niSniT dapa-timrebulebs gzaSi xvretdnen, mosaxle-obas warmoudgenlad amcirebdnen dasaSineli, sulisaTvis SemaZrwunebelisisastikiT devnidnen `amboxs~.

ase iyo am eqspediciebis dasawyisSic,ase grZeldeba dResac. gadaxedeT jerkidev gadarCenil qarTul gazeTebs daTqven darwmundebiT, rom damsjelTa mo-qmedeba aRsavsea mosaxleobis saukeTe-so grZnobebis SeuracxyofiT, ukidure-si cinizmiT, romlis iqiTac aRar Sei-Zleba. quTaisis gubernia mTlianad daTbilisis guberniis TiTqmis naxevarikazakebs miugdes, romlebmac ukve didixania gadaaWarbes Tavis qmedebebSi TurqbaSibuzukebs.

qarTvelebs axla ukve sjian ara mxo-lod rusuli revoluciis TanagrZnobi-saTvis, aramed imisTvisac, rom _ isiniqarTvelebi arian da TiTqos `sakuTarimefis yola surT~.

ruseTis revoluciam mWidroddaakavSira ruseTis centri ganapira mxa-reebTan. manamde arasodes ar scemda ga-napira mxareebis majiscema centraluriruseTis guliscemasTan ase erTnairadrogorc es xdeba ruseTSi saxalxo su-lis amaRlebis bolo wels.

axla ki sxva rames vxedavT. rac metaddaZiZgnis reaqcia saqarTvelos, miTmetad gaRvivdeba mosaxleobaSi rusebi-sadmi antagonizmi, bunebrivia, gaCndebaaseve separatizmis grZnoba, romelic,reaqciuli elementebis mier gulm-odgine gazviadebis SemTxvevaSi, saSinelSedegebamde migviyvans.

kavkasiis dRevandeli administracia,Tavad gaJRenTili viwro SovinizmiT, mi-marTavs yvela zomas imisTvis, rom xeliSeuwyos Sovinizmis gaRvivebas qarTvelxalxSi, romlisTvisac aqamde ucxo iyoes grZnoba.

Tu aqamde jarebis mier orTvianiZarcva-rbevisas TiTqmis aravis ar gauw-evia maTTvis winaaRmdegoba, axla xalxikargavs moTminebas. aqa-iq ukve SeiqmnaSearaRebuli razmebi (mag. merkvilaZis,gvencaZis da a.S.) romelTac ukve hqon-daT Setakeba samxedro nawilebTan. bune-brivia, aseTi razmebi general alixano-visa da misi damqaSebis erToblivi Zal-isxmevis wyalobiT gaCndeba saqarTve-los sxvadasxva kuTxeebSic. Cvens admin-istraciasac swored es unda. es miscemsmas uflebas udabnod aqcios Cveni ay-vavebuli mxare.

ganwyoba yvelgan daZabulia. sagan-gaSo simptomebi saxezea. aqaur mosaxle-obasa da Cveni mxaris dRevandel mes-veurebs Soris araferia saerTo: isinimosisxle mtrebi arian. es mtroba dRiT-idRe kidev ufro Zlierdeba. yvelgansamxedro mdgomareobaa, yvelgan sam-xedro banakia, magram teroristuli aqt-ebi, Zarcva da rbeva mainc xSiria.

amgvari reJimis pirobebSi ar SeiZle-ba iyos mSvidoba, fiqric ki ar SeiZlebaSemoqmedebiT saqmianobaze. veraferidamamSvidebelia saxelmwifo saTaTbi-roc, romlis mimarTac mosaxleobasjerjerobiT gulgrili da indiferen-tuli damokidebuleba aqvs.

amgvar unugeSo mdgomareobaSi myofisaqarTvelo elodeba da, sruli ufle-bac aqvs moelodes, daxmarebas ruseTissazogadoebisagan.

* * *arafriT ukeTesad ar aris mdgomare-

oba amierkavkasiis aRmosavleT, mus-limebiTa da somxebiT dasaxlebul naw-ilSi. dasaxlebuli punqtebis darbevisada ganadgurebis da mosaxleobis gaJle-tis suraTi aqac TiTqmis igivea, racsaqarTveloSi. goloSCapovis, levickis,vevernis, freilixisa da sxvaTa razmebiam provinciebSi igives sCadian, rasacalixanovi da kompania saqarTveloSi. TusaqarTvelos darbevis sababad gamoi-yenes aq arsebuli revoluciuri moZrao-ba da misi CaxSobisadmi miswrafeba,somex-TaTrebis provinciebSi am saqci-els sxvagvarad xsnian. aq xelisufleba`mSvidobiani miznebis~ dacvas eswra-fvis. igi am xerxiT cdilobs somxebis daTaTrebis Serigebas, romelTac Tavadve

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ubiZga ZmaTamkvleli omisaken.erTi wlis win, pleves reJimis ba-

tonobis Savbnel epoqaSi, samTavroboagentebis daxvewili provokatorulimaqinaciebis gziT gamoiwvies baqoSisomxebisa da muslimebis bnel masebsSoris Setakebebi. ganxeTqilebis Teslimsuye niadagSi moxvda. xelisufalTaaSkara xelSewyobiT ekonomikurma urT-ierTobebma, erovnulma da religiurmagansxvavebulobam, masebis sibnelem damgrZnobelobam, sisxlis aRebis wesma dasxva adgilobrivma pirobebma xeli Seuw-yo imas, rom ZmaTamkvleli omis xanZariswrafad gadaedo erTi qalaqidan meoresda dauokebelma alma mTlianad moicvaamierkavkasiis aRmosavleT naxevari.mTeli weli gagrZelda ZmaTakvlis ve-luri vakxanalia, magram mTavrobas arcki ufiqria gadamWreli zomebis miReba.gulSi, albaT, Zalian kmayofilnic kiiyvnen imiT, rom amierkavkasiis aRmosav-leT nawili ara Tu ver iqceoda saerTorusuli revoluciuri moZraobisarenad, aramed, piriqiT, qarTul provin-ciebSi am moZraobis ganviTarebasamuxruWebda da dabrkolebas uqmnida.

mZime weli gadaitanes somxebma damuslimebma. uamravi daiRupa sisxlism-Rvrel SetakebebSi, aTasobiT gakotrdada gaRatakda. bolosdabolos oriveerovnebis mSromeli masebi mividnen imSegnebamde, rom bolo moeRoT orive mx-arisaTvis erTnairad damRupvel sisx-lis RvrisaTvis. bevrgan gadaidga gul-wrfeli nabijebi Serigebisaken. amavesuliskveTebiT ganmsWvaluli gancxade-bebiT gamovidnen sxvadasxva oficial-uri da araoficialuri komisiebi. axla,rodesac myari mSvidobis damyarebis ime-di gauCndaT mxareebs, Serigebis saqmegadawyvetilia, xelisuflebas WkuaSimouvida somxebisa da muslimebis mimarT`gamoiyenos gadamwyveti zomebi~.

man moisurva mxareebis ganiaraReba.boroti enebi amboben, rom adre, am-ierkavkasiaSi revoluciuri duRilisepoqaSi, xelisufleba Tavad uwyobdaxels mxareebis SeiaraRebas, magram axlaamis aucilebloba aRar dgas.

revoluciuri moZraoba yvelgan ga-nadgurebulia, xolo SetakebebSigamowvrTnili SeiaraRebuli masebisyola saxifaToa, Tanac im dros, roca

amierkavkasiaSi sul ufro imkvidrebsfexs sxvadasxva erovnebebis avtonomi-uri mowyobisa da maT Soris aucilebelimegobruli kavSirisa da erTianobisidea.

maS ase, mxareTa ganiaraReba iwyeba.iseve, rogorc saqarTveloSi damsjel-ma eqspediciebma moqmedeba daiwyes masSemdeg, rac xalxma Tavad Caabara iaraRi,aqac xelisflebam energiuli zomebismiReba daiwyo mas Semdeg, rac Serigebafaqtobrivad Sedga da gatarda cxovre-baSi.

raSi mdgomareobs am provinciebSirazmebis saqmianoba?

generlebi goloSCapovi, veverni ansxva vinme ufro dabali Cinis moxele cx-addeba TaTrul an somxur dasaxlebaSida wamoayenebs moTxovnas, Caabaron da-saxelebuli raodenobis iaraRi. dagvi-anebis an iaraRis odenobis daklebisSemTxvevaSi, daTqmul dros iwyeba aRniS-nuli dasaxlebis qvemexebiT dabombva.

ase warmoCindeba rusuli iaraRisZala da amgvarad sruldeba xangrZliviareulobebiT isedac gapartaxebuli mx-aris gaCanageba da gaudabureba.

yvelaferi es keTdeba kanonis safuZ-velze da nawilis meTauri sazeimod aty-obinebs tfiliss, rom `dabombvis Sede-gad ama da am mosaxleobisaTvis moxerx-da ama da am raodenobis iaraRis CamorT-meva~.

revoluciurad ganwyobili saqarTve-lo da ararevoluciurad ganwyobilisomxur-muslimuri provinciebi xelisu-flebis mier erTnairad isjebian, oRondmotivebia gansxvavebuli.

umanko sisxli iRvreba, mxare imTavidan am Tavamde itanjeba da oxrde-ba.

da ras akeTebs am dros mxaris umaR-lesi mmarTveloba, nuTu amis Sesaxebaraferi ar icis? - ikiTxavT Tqven.

* * *mxaris umaRlesi xelisufleba?!..

saTqmelad iolia, povna ki Zalian Zneli.graf i. i. voroncov-daSkovis kavkasiaSiCamosvlis dRidan mxareSi umaRlesi xe-lisufleba Cven faqtiurad ar gvyavs. mx-are dayofilia wvril-wvril satrapie-bad, romelSic romelime generali, anTundac poruCiki Tavis xelSi ikrebs sa-

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kanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebel Zalau-flebas. igi Tavis satrapiaSi SeuzRud-veli mbrZanebelia, romelic aravis araZlevs Tavisi moqmedebebis gakritikeb-is saSualebas da, romelic TviTnebobasda mosaxleobaze Zaladobas zrdis war-moudgenel zomebamde.

Tu kavkasiaSi gamoCenis pirvel dRe-ebSi grafma voroncovma daiaxlova ise-Ti naTeli pirovnebebi, rogorebic ari-an krim girei, staroselski da sxvebi dayvelas arwmunebda kavkasiisadmi siy-varulSi, saubrobda erobebze, skoleb-Si mSobliur enaze swavlebis SemoReba-ze, nafic msajulTa sasamarTloze, pre-sis Tavisuflebaze da sxva misTanani,axla saqme sul sxvagvarad Setrialda.

staroselski ukve gandevnilia, krimgirei faqtobrivad Camoaciles saqmeebsda dainiSna senatorad.

igi (mefisnacvali) Tavis xelSi sa-mxedro kamariliam Caigdo da imas akeTe-binebs, rac Tavad surs.

`xelis biWebi~ marTaven dRes kavka-sias. Tavad mefisnacvali ki yvelas gul-Riad iRebs, sityviT yvelas eTanxmeba,magram iqceva ise, rogorc urCevs mas is,vinc bolos esaubreba. radganac es `bo-los~ yovelTvis `Stabis~ an `komenda-turis~ moxelea, Sesabamisad yvelaferisruldeba ise, rogorc maT undaT. isicunda iTqvas, rom mefisnacvali Zalzedmoxucia imisaTvis, rom Tavad marToskavkasiis axlandeli cxovrebis rTulimeqanizmi. yvelaferi es bedsaa mind-obili, Tavad grafi voroncovi ki xvde-ba sxvadasxva fenebidan yovelnair depu-tacias da calkeul pirovnebebs, romel-Tac erTsa da imave, stereotipul fra-zebs umeorebs: me Zalian miyvars mxare,magram verafers viRoneb, vidre kavkasiaar dawynardeba. jer dawynardiT, Sem-dgom amisa geboZebaT yovelgvari sikeTe.

Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom rusimoxeleebis mier kavkasiis mmarTvelobismTeli asi wlis ganmavlobaSi ar daRvri-la imdeni sisxli, ramdenic kavkasiaSivoroncov-daSkovis mefisnacvlobis 1weliwadSi.

romeliRac fatum sdevs mas.kavkasiaSi daniSvnis pirvelsave dRe-

ebSi daiwyo Tavisi SedegebiT saSinelisomex-TaTarTa Jleta. amas mohyva tfi-lissa da sxva adgilebSi moqalaqeTa ma-

sobrivi cema-tyepa. misi mmarTvelobiserTi weli dasrulda damsjeli razmeb-is mZvinvarebiT, romlebmac ramdenimeTveSi moaxerxes imdeni sisxlis daRvra,rom am sisxlis zRvaSi CaiZireboda Ta-vad mefisnacvlis sasaxle.

avadsaxsenebeli Tavadi goliciniufro martivad iqceoda. igi pirdapiracxadebda im sazizRrobebis Sesaxeb,rasac kavkasiaSi sCadioda da Tavis Savb-nel ganzraxvas ar niRbavda `mxarisadmisiyvaruliTa da keTilganwyobiT~.

* * *Cveni satrapebis dasaxasiaTeblad

SevCerdebiT erT-erT maTganze, romel-ic Tavisi mdgomareobiT da qmedebebiTyvelaze ufro tipiuria.

me vsaubrob tfilisis general-gu-bernatorze general-maior timofeevze.

mas didi xnis ganmavlobaSi ekava hos-pitalis ufrosis Tanamdeboba da Tavi-si moRvaweobis mravali weli miuZRvnasavadmyofos TeTreulis Tvlas daqalaqSi ucnauri da axirebuli kacis sax-eli daimkvidra.

`xelis biWebis~ rCeviT igi dainiSnatfilisis general-gubernatorad daTavgamodebiT Seudga qalaqSi wesrigisdamyarebas. general-gubernatorobampirvelive dReebSi daaxvia Tavbru, mandaiwyo TviTneboba da male sul dakargaTavi.

samxedro nawilebi aq kvlavinde-burad TviTneboben, qalaqSi Zarcva darbeva imdenad xSiria, rogorc arasdros,teroristuli aqtebi yvelas Tvalwinxdeba, ganwyoba saSinlad sagangaSo daaRgznebulia. samxedro mdgomareobaamas mxolod xels uwyobs. timofeevidaibna da mTeli boRma periodulgamocemebze gadmoanTxia. igi Sepyro-bilia gazeTofobiiT. dae, daiqces mTe-li samyaro, magram amis Sesaxeb araferidaweron.

mdgomareobis amsaxveli faqtebisganxilvis cdac, an Cadenil ugvanobaTaSesaxeb raimes gamoqveyneba misi mxridansastikad isjeba. mavne mimarTulebebis~gamo ukanaskneli Tvis ganmavlobaSidaixura ramdenime qarTulenovani gaze-Ti: `patara gazeTi~ da `ganTiadi~, aseverusulenovani «Возрождение», «Кав-казское утро», «Современник», «На

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повороте», “Вестник возрождения” и”Новоеобозрение~ .

gazeTis «На повороте» redaqtorsgeneral-gubernatorma miuTiTa exlaveSecvaleT gazeTis toni da mimarTule-bao~. rogorc Cans, timofeevi fiqrobda,rom gazeTis `toni da mimarTuleba~ -avadmyofis perangia, romelic SeiZlebagamocvalo axirebuli generlis brZa-nebiT.

gazeTofobiam igi miiyvana msxvilskandalamde. igi gadaekida qarTulgazeTs `cnobis furceli~ da moiTxovaSvidi dRis vadaSi jaris mxridan qarTu-li mosaxleobisaTvis gadawvis, Zarcvisda Zaladobis faqtebis mtkicebulebeb-is warmodgena.

tomofeevi, rogorc Cans, varaudob-da, rom gazeTis redaqtori warudgendamobodiSebis werils, magram mwared mo-tyuvda. cnobis furcelis~ erTi nomerimTlianad mieZRvna general-guberna-torisadmi pasuxs da oficialur doku-mentebs, Tanamdebobis pirTa werilebsdamadasturebeli oficialuri sakan-celario nomrebiT, romlebmac naTladwarmoadgines quTaisis guberniaSi dam-sjeli razmebis moqmedebebis saSinelisuraTi.

general-gubernatorma timofeevma,romelic ar eloda aseT pasuxs, gascasagangebo gankarguleba, rom sxvagazeTebs ar gadaebeWdaT aRniSnuli pa-suxi. magram Secda. verc ki moaswroaRniSnuli gankargulebebis dagzavna,rom gazeTma «Вестник Возрождения» gan-sakuTrebuli damatebis saxiT rusulenaze gamoaqveyna zusti Targmani.

amgvarad, general-gubernatorma verSeZlo daemala rusuli sazogadoebrio-bisaTvis is umsgavsobebi, rac aRmoaCinaqarTulma gazeTma. amitomac mTeliTavis boRma gadmoanTxia gazeTze«Вестник Возрождения», romelic Targ-manis dabeWdvisaTvis daxura, tfilisSisamxedro mdgomareobis moqmedebis gan-mavlobaSi. moxda kuriozi - gazeTis,romelmac dabeWda originali, muSaobaarc Seferxebula, xolo gazeTi, romel-mac Targmani gamoaqveyna, daixura. ai,esaa magaliTi im Zalmomreobisa, romlismowmenic Cven varT yoveldRiurad.

aravin icis, ra mohyveba cnobis fur-celis~ mxilebas, magram jer-jerobiT

gadawyvites gamoZiebis warmoeba imfaqtze, Tu rogor moaxerxa gazeTma dara wyaroebze dayrdnobiT moipova esoficialuri dokumentebi. sul es aris!

amgvar administratorebs, ra Tqmaunda, arafris damSvideba ar ZaluZT daTavianTi utaqto saqcieliT mxolodarTuleben saqmes.

* * *sad aris dRevandeli rTuli mdgo-

mareobidan gamosavali?1. ra Tqma unda mxareSi yvelgan dauy-

ovnebliv unda moixsnas samxedro mdgo-mareoba da damsjeli eqspediciebis xe-lmZRvanelebi unda gadaecnen sasamarT-los.

2. kavkasiaSi mTavrobis dRevandelixelmZRvanelebi, grafi voroncov-daSk-ovi Tavisi kamariliiT, rogorc mxari-saTvis Seusabamoni da saqmisaTvis uun-aroni, dauyovnebliv unda gadaayenon.

3. mxares dauyovnebliv unda mieniWosfarTo adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobasaSinao saqmeebSi sakanonmdeblo ufle-bebiT.

4. es RonisZiebebi dgas dRis wesrig-Si, romelTa Sesrulebis gareSe, CveniazriT, SeuZlebelia kavkasiis damSvide-ba da aq normaluri samarTlebrivi cx-ovrebis damkvidreba~.

rogorc mkiTxveli darwmundeboda,winamdebare statia mniSvnelovanipublikaciaa, romliTac ruseTisdedaqalaqis sazogadoebam naTeliwarmodgena Seiqmna, imperiis xelisu-flebis mier Cadenil uamrav borotmo-qmedebaze. imdroindel saqarTveloSiamas sCadiodnen xelisuflebis didmox-eleebi, damsjeli eqspediciebi, jari dapolicia. statiis mniSvneloba bevrmagadgaizrdeba, Tu dasabuTdeba, rom misi av-tori _ `Zveli kavkasieli~, sxva aravinSeiZleba yofiliyo, Tu ara ilia Wav-WavaZe. qvemoT moyvanili argumentebiTswored amis dasabuTebas SevecdebiT.

pirveli garemoeba SesaZloa Sedar-ebiT zedapiruli iyos, magram arc TuumniSvnelo da imaSi mdgomareobs, romgazeT `stranaSi~ aRniSnuli statiisgamoqveynebis wina dRemde, ilia Wav-WavaZe peterburgSi imyofeboda. 1906wlis 30 marts, rogorc ruseTis saxelm-

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wifo sabWos wevrTa amomrCevlebi, ilia,mixeil gedevaniSvili da vladimermiqelaZe Tbilisidan matarebliT peter-burgs gaemgzavrnen. 7 aprils ilia Wav-WavaZe ruseTis imperiis saxelmwifo sa-bWos wevrad airCies. 10 aprils igi pe-terburgidan Tbiliss gamoemgzavra. 11aprils `Zveli kavkasielis~ fsevdonim-iT misi statia gamoqveynda. ra Tqma unda,meore dRes gamosaqveynebeli statia masadre Tu ara, 10 aprils mainc eqnebodamitanili an gagzavnili redaqciaSi.

es ki sakmarisi iyo imisaTvis, rom sax-elmwifo sabWos axal wevrs, swrafad da-etovebina imperiis dedaqalaqi. ilias aruyvarda ruseTis civi qalaqebi darogorc ki iq aucilebel saqmeebsmoamTavrebda, maSinve tovebda xolmeiqaurobas. ilias es Tviseba mis bi-ografebsac SeuniSnavT. mag., nodar gri-galaSvili wers: 1874 wels roca iliamdidi davidarabis Semdeg warmatebiTdaasrula saTavadaznauro bankis da-arsebis nebarTvis saqme, amitom damtki-cebas aRar daeloda, raki Tavi qudSihqonda, dahkra fexi da wamovidao~ (no-dar grigalaSvili. Tanamdevi suli. iliada misi epoqa. tomi I. Tbilisi. 2011. gv.238).

etyoba axlac ase moiqca ilia. misiTanamgzavri da amomrCeveli mixeilgedevaniSvili wers romeliRac adre-sats: `...ilia amovirCieT da dResve mo-dis qalaqSi. vrCebi marto~ (i. gorgaZe.n. gurgeniZe. ilia WavWavaZe - cxovrebi-sa da Semoqmedebis matiane. Tb., 1987. gv.344). odnav ganawyenebuli toni dahkravsgedevaniSvilis nawers, etyoba armoeloda, rom saxelmwifo sabWos ax-alarCeuli deputati ilia, ase male mia-tovebda peterburgsac da masac.

asea Tu ise, 1906 wlis 2-dan 10 april-amde peterburgSi myof ilia WavWavaZ-es Tavisuflad SeeZlo da an TavisisurviliT, an redaqciis TxovniT, daew-era Rrmad gaazrebuli da Zlierisaprotesto werili amierkavkasiasa dasaqarTveloSi rusuli xelisuflebismier datrialebuli saSinelebebisSesaxeb da mietana an gaegzavna `stra-nas~ redaqciaSi.

meore argumenti - gazeT `stranas~redaqtorma maqsime kovalevskim gan-sakuTrebuli yuradReba gamoiCina da

sxva axalarCeuli deputatebisagangansxvavebiT, yvelaze maRali Sefasebamisca saxelmwifo sabWos axali wevrisilia WavWavaZis demokratiul pozi-cias.

didi qarTveli moRvawis saxelmwifosabWoSi arCevas peterburgis TiTqmisyvela gazeTi gamoexmaura. gazeTebma`rossiam~, `slovom~, `reCma~, `birJevievedomostma~, peterburgski listokma~,`peterburgskie vedomostma~, `peter-burgskaia gazetam~, `stranam~ da sxveb-ma sayuradRebo informaciebi gamoaqvey-nes, romlebSic saxelmwifo sabWoSi il-ias arCevis peripetiebi iyo aRwerili. esmasalebi Cvens adrindel monografiaSigvaqvs Seswavlili da aq aRar gavimeo-rebT (ix: dimitri SveliZe. politikuripartiebis warmoSoba saqarTveloSi.federalistebi. Tbilisi. 1993. gv. 179-195). amjerad Cven mxolod `stranaSi~gamoqveynebuli `Zveli kavkasielis~identificirebis sakiTxi gvainteresebs,rasac maSin Cvens monografiaSi ar Sevx-ebivarT.

yvelaze metad ilia WavWavaZis poli-tikuri poziciiT, msoflmxedvelobiTTu programiT dainteresda cnobilirusi mecnieri, sociologi, istorikosi,akademikosi da politikuri moRvawemaqsime kovalevski. 1906 wlis 19 Teberv-lidan maqsime kovalevski peterburgSiscemda yoveldRiur gazeT `stranas~.swored Tavis gazeTSi, 11 aprilis sakvi-rao nomerSi kovalevskim gamoaqveynavrceli statia `momavali saxelmwifosabWo~.

m. kovalevski evropuli parlamenta-rizmis didi momxre da liberaluradmoazrovne politikuri moRvawe gaxl-daT. man mSvenivrad icoda, rom ruseTissaxelmwifo sabWos wevrTa didi umrav-lesoba monarqistebisagan Sedgeboda.1810 wlidan 1906 wlamde saxelmwifo sa-bWos Semadgenlobas imperatori ako-mpleqtebda. 1906 wels viTareba Seicva-la. sabWos wevrTa naxevars kvlav imper-atori niSnavda, magram sabWos naxevariarCeuli wevrebisagan Sedgeboda. arCeu-li wevrebis umravlesobasac monarqis-tulad ganwyobili pirovnebebi Sead-gendnen, magram moxda ise, rom sabWoSiramdenime progresulad moazrovnepirovnebac moxvda.

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m. kovalevski memarcxene politikuripartiebis Secdomad Tvlida, rom maTmonawileoba ar miiRes saxelmwifo sab-Wos arCevnebSi da boikoti gamoucxadesmas. misi azriT, demokratiul partiebsrom arCevnebSi monawileoba mieRoT isi-ni SeZlebdnen masSi progresuli wevre-bis gayvanas. amgvari SesaZleblobis re-alobas rusi moRvawe ilia WavWavaZis ma-galiTiT asabuTebda: `amgvari SedegismiRweva, rogorc amas adasturebs cno-bili qarTveli mwerlis da poetis Tav.WavWavaZis warmateba, arc ise Zneli aR-moCnda, - werda m. kovalevski da ganagr-Zobda _ igi (e. i. i. WavWavaZe - avtorebi),momxrea mravali im idealisa, romelTamimdevaricaa konstitucional-demo-kratiuli partia da mzadaa Cems msgavsaddaJinebiT moiTxovos ganapira mxareeb-isaTvis farTo TviTmmarTveloba, maTisaerobo palatebis mier adgilobrivikanonebis gamocemis uflebiT~ (gazeTi`strana~. 1906. 11 aprili. m. kovalevski.“momavali saxelmwifo sabWo~).

`swored amgvarad gadmogvcemen qar-Tveli deputatis programas masTan mo-saubre reportiorebi, - wers m. kova-levski da ganagrZobs: kerZod, amgvaradaxasiaTebs mas `reC~-is 44-e nomerSi av-tori statiisa `saxelmwifo sabWos axa-li wevrebi~. (`strana~. iqve). rusi moR-vawe aRfrTovanebulia ilia WavWavaZisdemokratiuli da erovnuli msof-lmxedvelobiT da poziciiT: `dasanania,wers is, - rom Cveni memarcxene partiebiar Seecadnen, maTTvis miuvali saxelm-wifo sabWos citadelis aRebas Tu ara,ukidures SemTxvevaSi, mis Semadgenlo-baSi memarcxene partiebis programebisiseTi brwyinvale momxreebis Seyvanas,rogoricaa Tav. WavWavaZe~ (`strana~.iqve).

kovalevskim sxva reformistuladganwyobili sabWos ramdenime wevric ga-moarCia, mag., trubeckoi, golicini... ma-gram isini ramdenime specifikuridemokratiuli reformis gatarebasmoiTxovdnen, maSin roca ilia WavWavaZissaerTo platforma iyo mTlianaddemokratiuli. am mxriv, kovalevski gan-sakuTrebulad gamoyofda mag. agrarulsakiTxSi, zemoaRniSnuli pirovnebebisa-gan, maTi amxanagis Tav. WavWavaZis Tval-sazriss, romelic samarTlianad miiCnev-

da, rom miwebis CamoSorebis sakiTxSiaucilebelia yvelaze farTo daTmobebimSromeli masebis interesebisaTvis~.

werilis dasasruls, kovalevski kv-lav exeboda ilias pirovnebas da mas, sa-bWos sxva ramdenime demokratiuliwevrisagan imiTac gamoarCevda, rom Tav.WavWavaZe~ gansakuTrebiT kargad icnob-da Tavis qveyanas da icavda mis intere-sebs. am mxriv, daaskvnida kovalevski,“sabWos arCeul wevrTa Soris, isinic ki,romelTac ar umsaxuriaT erobebSi, rad-gan maT mxareebSi erobebi ar arsebobs,kargad icnoben adgilobriv pirobebs,mag., Tav. WavWavaZe an oskar reingoldisze ekkesparre, erTi saqarTvelosi, me-ore ki _ baltiispireTis mxares da kun-Zul ezels” (“strana”. m. kovalevskisdasax. statia).

erTi sityviT, Cven vxedavT, romgamoCenilma rusma mecnierma da poli-tikurma moRvawem da rac mTavaria,amjerad CvenTvis esaa saintereso, -gazeT `stranas~ damaarsebelma da re-daqtorma maqsime kovalevskim, gan-sakuTrebuli yuradRebiT gamoyo, sa-bWos sxva progresuli wevrebisagan,ilia WavWavaZe da maRali Sefaseba mis-ca mis demokratiul, erovnul da so-cialur pozicias. amis Semdeg, raRagasakviria, rom kovalevskim, imis-aTvis, rom TvalnaTliv da vrclad dae-sabuTebina Tavisi SexedulebebisaqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebisSesaxeb, Tavisi gazeTis furclebidauTmo ilia WavWavaZes. swored amit-om gamoqveynda ilias statia gazeT`stranaSi~ da ara sxvagan.

mesame garemoeba _ ra Tqma unda, m.kovalevskis iliasadmi didi simpati-is da interesis gamomwvevi ZiriTadimizezi iyo misi da ilia WavWavaZispolitikuri msoflmxedvelobebissiaxlove. kovalevski Tavdapirveladkonstitucional-demokratiulipartiis wevri gaxldaT, romlis mima-rTac ilia WavWavaZis loialoba cno-bilia.

gavixsenoT oriode faqti, ilia Wav-WavaZis konstitucional-demokratebi-sadmi siaxlovis dasadastureblad. cno-bilia, rom ilias arasodes ucdia 1905wlamde, politikuri partiis Seqmna, ma-gram swored 1905 wlis ganmaTavisufle-

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beli moZraobis periodSi, igi aqtiuradCaeba erovnul-demokratiuli partiisorganizebis procesSi. Tavdapirveladigi cdilobda rom qarTuli erovnulipartiis saxelwodebaSi asaxuliyo ruse-Tis mTavar liberalur partiasTan, kon-stitucional-demokratebTan siaxlove.is frTxili da brZeni moRvawe gaxldaTda miiCnevda, rom rusul konstitucio-nal-demokratebTan siaxlove qarTulpartias bevri gaugebrobisagan daicav-da. swored amitom, partiis Camoyalibeb-is adreul etapze, ilia imis momxre iyo,rom qarTul erovnul partias darqmeo-da qarTuli konstituciur-demokrati-uli partia~. arCil jorjaZec werda:1905-1906 wlebis mijnaze qarTul poli-tikur partiebs miemata erTi axali par-tia, romelmac `qarTvel demokratTapartiis~ anu `qarTvel avtonomistTakonstitucional-demokratiul partiissaxeli dairqva~. (arCil jorjaZe. Txzu-lebani. wigni pirveli. Tbilisi. 1911. gv.230.

SemdgomSi qarTul partias erovnul-demokratiuli ewoda. kovalevskimackonstitucional-demokratebisagangamoyofis Semdeg, sakuTari Tanamo-azreebisagan demokratiuli reformeb-is partia Seqmna. swored am partiis mTa-vari organo iyo gazeTi `strana~. miuxe-davad amisa, am ori moRvawis politikuripoziciebi urTierTsolidaruli darCa.aki TviT kovalevskic werda, rogorczemoT aRvniSneT, rom WavWavaZe Cems ms-gavsad~ mzadaa ganapira mxareebis TviT-mmarTvelobisao.

amasTan dakavSirebiT movitanTamonarids cnobis furcelis~ 1906 wlis16 Tebervlis nomridan: `kon.-demokratebs gamoeyo erTi jgufi,romelic aarsebs axals politikurs par-tias, romelsac demokratiuli re-formebis partia erqmeva. mizeziganyofisa isaa, rom jgufs ara sursdaemorCilos kon.-demok. partiis disci-plinas, programuli gansxvaveba Semde-gia: 1. or palatiani sistema; 2. calkeolqebis avtonomia, rogorc gamonakli-si; 3. danamdvilebiT gadaWra agrarulisakiTxisa~.m. kovalevskis mier Seqmniliaxali organizaciis - demokratiulireformebis partiis aRniSnuli progra-

muli triada, TiTqmis zustad emTxveva,ilias peterburgul presaSi Camoyali-bebul-gaxmaurebul platformas. ai, amgaremoebam gamoiwvia is, rom ilia Wav-WavaZis statia gamoqveynda, ara Zvelkonstitucional-demokratebis rome-lime gazeTSi, aramed kovalevskis mierSeqmnili axali, demokratiuli re-formebis partiis gazeT `stranaSi~.

meoTxe argumenti - ilia WavWavaZismTavari saprogramo moTxovna -saqarTvelo-kavkasiis adgilobriviTviTmmarTveloba, da stranaSi~ gamo-qveynebuli statiis avtoris `Zvelikavkasielis~ mTavari moTxovna -analogiuria. 1906 wlis 9 aprils gazeT`peterburgski listokSi~ gamoqveyndailia WavWavaZesTan interviu. masSi Cve-ni didi moRvawe Jurnalists upasuxebda:`me var saerTod kavkasiis da kerZod,saqarTvelos farTo TviTmmarTvelobismomxre, adgilobrivi sakanonmdeblo xe-lisuflebiT...~ (`peterburgski lis-tok~. 1906. 9 aprili. saxelmwifo sabWosaxali wevrebi~). ilias am moTxovnas sxvapeterburguli gazeTebic imeorebdnen,xazs usvamdnen da gamoyofdnen. igi say-ovelTao msjelobis sagani gaxda sax-elmwifo sabWoSi ilias arCevis dReebSi.

zustad imaves werda da moiTxovda`stranaSi~ gamoqveynebuli statiis av-tori `Zveli kavkasieli~: `mxares undamieces farTo adgilobrivi TviTm-marTveloba sakanonmdeblo funqciebiTsaSinao saqmeebSi~.

mexuTe argumenti - kidev vin ayeneb-da maSindel saqarTveloSi msgavspolitikur moTxovnas? Tavidanveunda aRiniSnos rom TviTmmarTvelo-bas im periodSi, am formiT, mcire-ricxovani politikuri jgufebimoiTxovdnen. saqarTveloSi moqmediyvela ZiriTadi politikuri partiagansxvavebul politikur lozungs ay-enebda erovnul sakiTxSi.

yvelaze mZlavri politikuri Zala -ruseTis social-demokratiuli muSaTapartia da misi qarTveli wevrebi, anuaqauri qarTveli menSevikebi da bolSe-vikebi, saolqo TviTmmarTvelobismoridebul moTxovnasac ki ar ayenebd-nen gadaWriT. piriqiT, isini 1910-ian

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wlebamde, saqarTvelos nebismieriTviTmmarTvelobis moTxovnis winaaRm-deg sastikad ilaSqrebdnen.

socialist-federalistebis partiismoTxovna sayovelTaod iyo cnobili -saqarTvelos erovnul-teritoriuliavtonomia. amave lozungs iziarebdnenqarTveli anarqistebi. avtonomiasmoiTxovdnen agreTve 1905-1907 wlebSigaaqtiurebuli erovnul-demokratiu-li partiis Seqmnis msurveli inteligen-turi jgufebi. arc erTi met-naklebadcnobili politikuri organizacia armoiTxovda erovnul Tavisuflebas ise-Ti formiT, rogorc ilia WavWavaZe damisi Tanamoazreebi.

kerZod, Cven vgulisxmobT - erovnu-li TviTmmarTvelobis lozungs. im peri-odSi, TviTmmarTveloba faqtiurad av-tonomias niSnavda da am or terminsSoris gansxvavebis povna Zneli iyo.ubralod, TviTmmarTveloba ufro ara-politikur da naklebad radikaluradaRsaqmel termins warmoadgenda. iliaWavWavaZe terminologiuri sifrTxilismomxre iyo. igi cdilobda naklebad ex-mara termini `avtonomia~.

1905-1907 wlebis periodSi erovnuliTviTmmarTvelobis moTxovnis pozi-ciaze ufro Tavadaznauruli fenebiswarmomadgenlebi idgnen, isic, ilia Wav-WavaZis gavleniT. qarTveli patriotu-li Tavadaznaurobis erovnuli msof-lmxedvelobis SemuSavebaSi da formu-lirebis procesSi ilia WavWavaZes gada-mwyveti xma hqonda. yovel SemTxvevaSi,`Zvel kavkasielSi~ ararealuria, veZe-boT, romelime sxva politikuripartiis warmomadgeneli, garda imjgufisa, romelsac ilia WavWavaZewarmoadgenda.

meeqvse garemoeba - amasTanave undaaRiniSnos, rom `Zvel kavkasielSi~,logikuri iqneba, vinme Zveli Taobiscnobili moRvawe veZeboT da ara axal-gazrda Taobis warmomadgeneli. amprincipiTac Tu gavagrZeleT Zieba,saeWvoa, rom ilia WavWavaZis garda rome-lime moRvawis kandidaturas mivadgeT.

mag., naklebad savaraudoa akaki wer-eTeli, romelic mwvave politikurproblematikaze ar werda;

arc iakob gogebaSvili, romelic il-iasTan erTad monawileobda erovnul-

demokratiuli partiis CamoyalibebisprocesSi, magram naklebad aqtiurobdapolitikur debatebSi;

niko nikolaZe im dros saerTodwinaaRmdegi yofila saxelmwifo sabWo-Si saqarTvelos TviTmmarTvelobispolitikuri lozungis wamoyenebisa.saamiso pirdapiri cnobac arsebobs. il-iasTan peterburgSi erTad wasuli mix-eil gedevaniSvili igonebda: peterburg-Si Semdgar qarTvelebis erT-erT kreba-ze ilias ganucxadebia, rom saxelmwifosabWoSi saqarTvelos avtonomiis moTx-ovnis dayenebas apirebda. amis winaaRm-deg wasula niko nikolaZe. mas TurmeeTqva: `bevrs sabWos wevrs velaparake.vicnob kargad, rac ariano da aravin ardagiWers iq mxarsao, da mag gamosvliT kisaqarTvelos mxolod zians miayenebo~(g. xvedeliZe. mixeil gedevaniSvili.1960. gv. 151). am mogonebis mixedviT, ise-Ti didi qarTvelic unda gamovricxoTgansaxilveli werilis SesaZlebeli av-torobis siidan, rogoric niko nikolaZegaxldaT da romelic imJamad peter-burgSi imyofeboda.

sxva aqtiuri da didi patrioti Tana-moazreebica hyavda ilias, erovnul sar-bielze: aleqsandre yifSiZe, daTamiqelaZe Tu sxvani, magram maTi gamoCenaimperiis dedaqalaqebis centralur pre-saSi naklebad savaraudoa, miT umetes ki`stranas~ redaqtor maqsime kovalevski-sTan siaxlove.

sxvaTa Soris, aqve aRvniSnavT, erTteqstualur-terminologiur damTx-vevas, romelic meSvide mimaniSnebelgaremoebad gamodgeba imisa, romCvenTvis saintereso statiis avtoriswored ilia WavWavaZe gaxldaT albaT.statiis avtorma fsevdonimad `Zvelikavkasieli~ airCia da amiT xazi gausva,rom is Zveli Taobis warmomadgeneliiyo. am garemoebaze xazgasma imasacmetyvelebda, rom igi Tavisi poli-tikuri programis Camoyalibebisas,Tavisi Taobis Tvalsazriss gamoxatav-da. saintereso isaa, rom Tavis interviu-Sic, ilia WavWavaZe swored amave gare-moebas sagangebod usvams xazs. `peter-burgski listokisadmi~ micemul inter-viuSi igi ganumartavs gazeTis korespon-dents, rom momxre iyo agrarul sakiTx-Si didi daTmobebisa, momxre iyo

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saqarTvelos da kavkasiis TviTm-marTvelobisa. magram, missa da `Zvelikavkasieli aznaurebis~ am azrs Turmebevri mowinaaRmdege aRmosCenia.

ilias sityvebs movusminoT: `magrambevrni winaRudgnen Zveli kavkasieliaznaurebis am patiosan azrs~ - ganmar-tavda qarTveli Tavadaznaurobis mierarCeuli saxelmwifo sabWos deputati.man `stranaSi~ gamoqveynebul statiazexelmowerili fsevdonimiTac or gare-moebas gausva xazi: pirvel rigSi imas,rom kavkasieli iyo da meore rigSi kiimas, rom Zveli~ kavkasieli iyo. (`peter-burgski listok~. 1906. 9 aprili). es orSemTxvevaSi, or dReSi, organve `Zvelikavkasielobis~ gamokveTa, TavisTavadmigvaniSnebs, rom interviueric dastatiis avtoric erTi da igive pirovne-ba unda yofiliyo.

kidev erT, rigiT merve garemoeba, -drois mixedviT gviandelia, magrammainc migvaniSnebs, `stranaSi~ gamo-qveynebuli statiis iliaseul avtor-obaze. am SemTxvevaSi, Cven unda gavixse-noT, rom ilia saxelmwifo sabWoSimiekuTvneboda mcirericxovan memarcx-ene e. w. akademiur jgufs. masSi Sediod-nen maSindeli ruseTis cnobili da lib-eralurad ganwyobili pirovnebebi,umTavresad mecnierebi. eseni iyvnen: v. i.vernadski - moskovis universitetis req-toris TanaSemwe; a. a. manuilovi - mosk-ovis universitetis reqtori, cnobiliekonomisti; a. s. lapo-danilevski - cno-bili istorikosi; v. i. sergeeviCi - peter-burgis universitetis yofili req-tori... da rac mTavaria, TviT maqsimekovalevski, romelic 1906 wlidan iyoruseTis saxelmwifo sabWos amave - aka-demiuri fraqciis wevri. marTalia, amjgufs ukve sabWoSi Caeyara safuZvelida CvenTvis cnobili statiis gamoqvey-nebis Semdeg moxda, magram rogorc Cans,ilias da kovalevskis politikur Tana-solidarobas da Tanafraqcielobas, ad-vili warmosadgeni da dasaSvebia, romswored am dros unda Cayroda safuZve-li, roca Cveni didi moRvawe saxelmwifosabWoSi airCies. ilias statia gazeT`stranaSi~ am TanamSromlobis pirveligamoxatuleba iyo.

TviT statiis Sinaarsi da zogierTiaqcentic migviTiTebs, Cveni hipoTezis

realobaze.mecxre garemoeba - kargadaa cno-

bili, rom ilia WavWavaZe mwvaveddaupirispirda saqarTveloSi da ker-Zod, guriaSi samxedro eqspediciisgagzavnas. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom 1905-1907 wlebis ganmaTavisuflebelimoZraobis periodSi, ilia WavWavaZesarc erT sxva sakiTxze ise ar gamoud-via Tavi, rogorc saqarTveloSi mim-dinare rbeva-awiokebaze, rasac sCa-diodnen guriaSi da qveynis sxva kuTx-eebSi moqmedi mefis samxedro eqs-pediciebi. es is SemTxveva iyo, rocaCveni didi moRvawe mwvaved daupir-ispirda ruseTis oficialur xelisu-flebas, gansakuTrebiT kavkasiis ad-ministracias da mis meTaurs grafvoroncov-daSkovs.

grafi ilarion ilarionis Ze voron-cov-daSkovi 1905 wlis dasawyisSi dain-iSna kavkasiis mefisnacvlad. manamde me-fisnacvlis movaleobas asrulebda gen-erali iakob dimitris Ze malama. sworedmisi mmarTvelobis periodSi daevalageneral alixanov-avarskis saTaveSiCadgomoda samxedro eqspedicias da Cae-xSo guriaSi mimdinare revoluciurimoZraoba. 1905 wlis TebervalSi alix-anov-avarskis damsjeli razmi guriaSiSevida da sofel natanebSi dabanakda.swored amave dReebSi TbilisSi SedgaqarTveli Tavadaznaurobis Sekreba,romelmac specialuri deputacia air-Cia. deputacia general malamas warud-ga da eqspediciis SeCereba sTxova.

rogorc Cans, qarTvelma inteligen-ciam da erovnulma Zalebma kidev erTx-el CaSales samxedro eqspediciis SeWraguriaSi, axla ukve voroncov-daSkovismefisnacvlobis periodSi. swored amdros unda ukavSirdebodes ilia Wav-WavaZis mwvave gamosvla kavkasiis admin-istraciis winaaRmdeg. rogorc erT-erTi mogoneba gviambobs: `maSin ganacx-ada iliam amave darbazSi: alixanovis gag-zavnaze xeli unda avaRebinoTo, Tu arada - yvelam Tavi unda davdoTo. varan-cov-daSkovs eTqva, Tu WavWavaZec kiajanyebas gvemuqreba, Cans marTla saer-To ajanyeba mogveliso, da dasarbevadgasuli jari ukanve daabruna~ (m. javax-iSvili. rCeuli Txzulebani. t. V, 1962,gv. 298).

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sabolood qarTveli moRvaweebisCarevam mainc ver SeuSala guriaSi alix-anov-avarskis eqspediciis gagzavnas.

ilia WavWavaZis protestantulipozicia Zalian kargad exameba gazeT`stranaSi~ gamoqveynebuli statiis pa-Toss. ilias saerTo politikur pozi-ciaSi da gazeTis statiaSi ar an iSviaT-ad iyo dafiqsirebuli imdroindelirevoluciuri da politikuri moZrao-bis ZiriTadi moTxovnebi da lozungebi.ilia da Zveli kavkasieli~ ar iTxovdnen:

sruliad ruseTis damfuZnebeli kre-bis mowvevas, rac demokratiuli Zaleb-is popularuli lozungi iyo;

ar moiTxovdnen ruseTis monarqiisdamxobas, rogorc yvela revoluciuripartia;

iliasa da `Zveli kavkasielisaTvis~miuRebeli iyo socializmis idea,romelsac ruseTis yvelaze gavlenianipartiebi social-demokratebi da esere-bi eswrafodnen;

maTTvis jerjerobiT mainc, uarsay-ofi iyo separatizmis lozungi;

metic, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT,ilia da Zveli kavkasieli~ ufrTxodnen-politikuri terminis - `avtonomiis~gamoyenebas da rogorc wesi, samuSaoterminad xmarobdnen `TviTmmarTvelo-

bas~. es iliaseuli SorsmWvreteli dafrTxili taqtika gaxldaT da es niuan-sic mianiSnebs, iliasa da Zveli kavkasie-lis~ identurobas.

davaskvniT, rom ilia WavWavaZisTvis,1905 wlisa da 1906 wlis dasawyisisaTvis,mTavari protestis Temas warmoadgenda,rusuli jarebis mier saqarTveloSi mim-dinare represiebi da swored am niadag-ze daupirispirda Riad igi ruseTis adg-ilobriv xelisuflebas. igive Tema yve-laze wamyvani problemaa CvenTvis sain-tereso werilSic - represiebis Temasstatiis ori mesamedi ukavia. qarTveliTavadaznaurobis rCeuli deputatiRiad daupirispirda kavkasiis adminis-tracias, rogorc erT dros dimitri yi-fiani. am ori pirovnebis saprotestopolitikuri aqti analogiuri aRmoCnda,iseve rogorc maTi sicocxlis dasasru-li.

zemoaRniSnuli argumentebissafuZvelze davaskvniT, rom 1906 wlis11 aprils, peterburgis gazeT `stra-naSi~ gamoqveynebuli `Zveli kavkasie-lis~ statiis `amierkavkasiis sa-trapiebSi~, avtori aris didi qarTve-li sazogado da erovnuli moRvaweilia WavWavaZe.

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`hagiografiuli Txroba~. sainteresosaTauria, miT umetes, wignisTvis daufro umetes, dRevandelobisTvis,rodesac `hae-meti~ terminebi – ha-giografia, himnografia, hermenevtika –sirTulesTan aris gaigivebuli TviTliteratorTa wreebSic ki.

wignis avtoria giorgi alibegaSvili,filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,profesori... saxelmwifo moRvawe.

viciT, ras niSnavs `hagiografia~ _wmindanTa cxovrebis aRwera.

ras niSnavs `Txroba~?es wignis SesavalSivea ganmartebuli.

kerZod, giorgi alibegaSvilis azriT,Txroba aris: 1. konkretuli ambis, re-aluri pirovnebis Tavgadasavlis gad-mocema, romelic gulisxmobs rogorcaRweras, ise msjelobas; 2.wmindanTa`Sina-saxis~, ikonografiuli gamoxatva;3.Sesaqmis mSvenierebisa da samyarouliwesrigis Cveneba; 4.saTnoebis, siyvaru-lis, azris silamazis gadmocema; 5.adami-anuri sulis sidiadisa da Rirsebis si-maRlis damtkiceba.

gamomcemloba `universalis~ mierdastambuli wigni samecniero-popu-laruli Janris Targzea moWrili. redaq-torebi arian vasil maRlaferiZe da mer-ab buCukuri; recenzentebi: eka duRaS-vili da lia kariWaSvili.

eZRvneba revaz siraZis xsovnas.moswavles evaleba da ivalebs kidec

didi maswavleblis xsovnis dafasebas.revaz siraZem bevri kargi filologiaRzarda, erT-erTi maTgani giorgi ali-begaSvilic aris.

aris am miZRvnaSi raRac amaRelvebe-li da paTetikuric ki, magram ufrometad aris Rirsebis grZnoba datradiciis pativiscema, ris gareSec ar

arsebobs arc kultura da arc sazoga-doeba.

wigns etyoba im skolis stili, romel-ic revaz siraZem Seqmna. magram es damRaar aris, niSania.

giorgi alibegaSvils aqvs kvlevisstili, gnebavT, davarqvaT mimarTuleba,wesi, Tundac arCevani: Teoria teqstisprimatiT. bolomde uRrmavdeba wyarosda induqciur daskvnas maSin akeTebs,rodesac teqstis struqturas bolomdeamoicnobs.

siRrme da sandooba _ stilis niSani.Sinaarsobrivad wigni sakmaod

mravalferovania. poetikur-esTe-tikur-istoriografiuli Tval-sazrisiT ganxilulia iseTi Temebi,rogorebicaa qarTlis moqceva,saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia,qarTul-bizantiuri literaturuli

recenzia

malxaz ivaniZe

Txroba rogorckulturuli perseveracia

80

paralelebi, kulturuli urTierTo-bani, bibliuri paradigmebi, himnografiada asketika, avtori da personaJi, ena dateqsti, kulturologiuri paralelebida tipologiuri Sexvedrebi.

recefciuli xasiaTis Jesti anureveransi mkiTxvelis winaSe! _ wignserTvis specialur terminTa da sityva-Ta ganmartebani. asze meti sityva da ter-mini siRrmiseulad, swavlulis patios-nebiT aris ganmartebuli.

Sinaarsobriv mravalferovnebasTematuri mravalferovneba gana-pirobebs. sakiTxebis rkali farToa:

konstantine didi da qarTlis moqce-va.

ucxouri wyaroebi saqarTvelos mo-qcevis Sesaxeb;

yovladwmida RvTismSoblis sakuTarimoRvawe;

`SuSanikis wameba~ da wmida sofiasa damisi asulebis martviloba~;

iakob xucesi – avtori da personaJi;gamocxadebis ena da axalmociquli

wmida nino;ioane oqropiris, grigol xancTelisa

da franCesko asizelis `cxorebani~;wmida aToneli mamebis _ ioanes,

efTvimesa da giorgis `cxovrebis~berZnuli versia;

daujdomeli wmidisa da mociqulisaninosi.

hagiografiuli Txroba, rogorcsaeklesio literaturis diskursi,giorgi alibegaSvilis azriT, re-ligiuri Sinaarsis garda, erovnul-kul-turologiur mniSvnelobasac iZens.

aRmsarebloba da kazmuli sityva _funqcia da mizani.

marTlac, qristianoba saukuneTa gan-mavlobaSi saqarTvelosTvis mxolodreligia ki ar iyo, aramed erovnuliRirsebisa da kulturuli TviTmyofa-dobis sawindari.

hagiografia Tavidanve mWidrod ukav-Sirdeba erovnul problematikas. wmin-danTa cxovreba kulturuli tradiciisnawili xdeba.

qarTuli sityvierebis wiaRSi ha-giografiis dabadeba tradiciis dabade-bas niSnavda.

mowamis beletrizebuli ambavi amaR-lebuli grZnobiT aRavsebs adamianebs daxels uwyobs masobriv mobilizebas, rad-gan hagiografia pasuxia ara marto sar-wmunoebriv, aramed socialur-poli-tikur movlenebzec.

hagiografiuli teqsti aris maradiawmyo, romelic mimdinareobs maSin,roca vexebiT, vkiTxulobT an vismenT.gagebisa da warmosaxvis ZaliT xor-cieldeba kvlavSeqmnis, kvlavgancdisprocesi.

hagiografiis stili socio-kultu-ruli movlenac aris. im drois, im garem-os xelweraa, saidanac amoizrdeba.

wmindanis cxovrebis aRwera anu ha-giografiuli Txroba aris kulturulimodeli Tavisi konceptualuri Sinaar-siT. nawarmoebis Seqmnis procesSiSTagoneba da Janruli teqnika religiurideas eqvemdebareba; religia aris cen-tri, saidanac imarTeba hagiografiuliideologia. rogorc kulturuli per-iferia.

yovelgvari kultura religiazea aR-mocenebuli da mis gareSe ar arsebobs.

yoveli kulturuli periodi qmnisTavis teqsts, romelsac aqvs warmoSobisSina da gare mizezebi. Sina mizezi arisswrafva WeSmaritebis gamoxatvisaken,gare mizezi _ erovnul-sazogadoebrivifunqcia. hagiografiam SeimuSavaerovnul-sazogadoebrivi gmiris idea-li, romelic icavs WeSmaritebas, sarw-munoebas.

`sarwmunoebis mtkiced dacva niSnav-da erovnuli meobis SenarCunebas. amazemaRali esTetikuri ideali maSindel mw-erlobas ara hqonda~, _ werda revaz sir-aZe.

es Tvalsazrisi ikveTeba giorgi ali-begaSvilis wignis TiTqmis yvela TavSi,ufro sworad, es aris laitmotivi,romelic zogjer ar Cans, magram mudmi-vad gesmis, rogorc perseveracia,rogorc sasiamovnod akviatebuli melo-dia.

CavTvaloT am melodiis erT-erTbgerad es wignic: hagiografiuli Txro-ba _ Hagiographic Narrative.

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vasili rozanovi

wignidan `ganmartoebuli~

axali Targmanebi

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*yoveldRe icocxle ise, TiTqos

mTeli Seni sicocxle swored amdRisTvis cocxlobdi.

*mTeli literatura fuWsityvaobaa,

TiTqmis mTeli...gamonaklisi momakvdineblad co-

taa.

*ori angelozi mizis mxrebze: sici-

lis angelozi da cremlebis angelozi.da maTi mudmivi davisgan iTxzvis Cemisicocxle.

*sicili veravis ver moklavs. mas

SeuZlia mxolod gasrisos.

*me vixuTebi azrSi, da ra siamovnebas

vgrZnob am xuTvaSi. ai, ratomaa mTeliCemi sicocxle, eklebsa da cremlebsSoris, mainc xalisi da tkboba.

*abraami ixmo RmerTma; me ki Tvi-

Tonve vixme RmerTi. ai, mTeli sxvaoba.

*me vgavar Cvils dedis saSoSi; magram

mas sulac ara surs dabadeba; `aqacTbilad var~.

*me saWiro ara var: araferSi ara var

ise darwmunebuli, rom saWiro ara var.

*ramden mSveniers hpoveb adamianSi,

sadac arc ki eli.da ramden biwiers, _ swored iq, sa-

dac ar eli.

*RmerTo, RmerTo, raisaTvis damivi-

wye me? nuTu ar ici, rom yovelTvis,roca miviwyeb, me vikargebi.

*o, Cemi sevdiani `cdebi~. risTvis

varCie yvelaferi mcodnoda. axla kiveRar movkvdebi mSvidad, risi imedicmqonda.

*minda kia, rom farTod ganivrcos

Cemi moZRvreba?ara.didi mRelvareba iCenda Tavs; me ki

ise miyvars simSvidec, daisic da saRa-mos zaris wynari rekvac.

dedaTqvenibavSvebs

da Cven vicxovreT wynarad, dRidandRemde, mravali weli; da es iyo Cemicxovrebis ukeTesi Jami.

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*ai, me vasruleb imiT, rom yovelive

rusuli mZuls. ra samwuxaroa dasaSineli.

samwuxaroa, gansakuTrebiT, sic-ocxlis bolos.

*dideba gvelia. nurc Semexeba nuras-

dros me misi gesli.

*rad ginda `megobari mkiTxveli?~

gana `mkiTxvelisTvis~ vwer? ara, vwerSenTvis.

ratomRa beWdav?fuls iZlevian.subieqturi Tanxvda garegan vi-

Tarebas.ase iqmneba literatura. da mxo-

lod.

*yovelgvari siyvaruli mSvenieria.

da mxolod is erTia mSvenieri.radganac dedamiwaze erTaderTi

`Tavis TavSive WeSmariti~ siyvarulia.

*vin Cadis miwaSi sufTa suliT? o,

rogor gvWirdeba gawmenda.

*bedi ifaravs maT, visac is arTmevs

didebas.

*ra miedineba sulSi? mudam,

yovelTvis; ra? risTvis, vin icis? _yvelaze nakleb _ avtorma.

*nu Caxval kibiT Seni saxlidan, _ iq

borotebaa.saxls iqiT borotebaa Tundac imi-

tom, rom iq gulgriloba sufevs.

*stili saganTa sulia.

*sicive gulze. Tu icnobT mas?

*me ara var modave RvTisa, da ar

vuRalateb mas, roca locvisas ar maR-irsebs `mowyalebas~. me miyvars igi,misi erTguli var, da rasac ar undaiqmodes, arasdidebiT ar vityvi misaugs, aramed mxolod vitireb Cemze.

*SiSvlebi vibadebiT da SiSvlebi

CavdivarT miwaSi.ra aris Cveni tansacmeli?jildoebi, gvariSviloba, mdgomar-

eoba.saseirnod.

*es adgili WiebiT da xrwnilebiT

savsec rom iyos, aq mainc davrCebi.briyvebTan davrCebi; gaiZverebT-

anac davrCebi.aq laparakoben sulis ukvdavebaze,

RmerTze, maradiul sicocxleze, jil-dosa da sasjelze.

aqaa sakurTxeveli. WeSmariti sa-kurTxeveli; erTaderTi dedamiwaze.

da yvelani wavalT aqedan.

*warmarToba dilaa, qristianoba _

saRamo.yoveli erTeuli sagnis da mTeli

samyarosi.

*teqnikam, suls rom SeuerTda, yov-

lisSemZleoba mianiWa mas. magram manvegasrisa igi. mogvevlina `teqnikurisuli~ _ contradictio in adjecto(winaaRmdegoba gansazRvrebaSi).

da STagoneba mokvda.

*satanam ZalauflebiT acTuna papi,

literatura ki acTuna didebiT.

*RmerTo Cemo! maradisobav Cemo!

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rogor xtis Cemi suli, roca Senzevfiqrob.

da yvelaferi uWiravs Sens xels; merom vupyrivar, amas gamudmebiTvgrZnob.

*mimaqvs literatura rogorc Cemi

kubo; mimaqvs literatura rogorcCemi wuxili, mimaqvs literaturarogorc Cemi zizRi.

*dideba ara marto sidiadea. dideba

swored sidiadis dacemis dasawyisia.uyureT eklesiebs da mefeTa same-

fos.

*ratomaa adamianebSi amdeni Tuji?

naWarbi metali?ratom ar Seiqmnen oqrosagan?`oqro angelozebs ekuTvnis~.

*iqneb Cveni xalxi cudicaa, magram is

Cvenia, da es wyvets yvelafers.

*sikvdili isaa, ris Semdegac aRa-

raferi aRaraa saintereso.magram is yvelasaTvis dadgeba.

*namdvil seriozulobas adamiani

aRwevs mxolod sikvdilis Semdeg.

*gazafxulis yvaviliviT gadis sic-

ocxle. ra saSinelia es gadis~. saSine-lia swored kategoria: saSineliadrosTan es kavSiri.

adamiani droebiTia. vis ZaluZs amazris atana?

*arada, arsebiTad, RmerTo Cemo! Rm-

erTo Cemo! Cems sulSi yovelTvis idgamonasteri.

*ra mxolod Senze fiqrob? xalxze

gefiqra.ar minda.

*Cemi Tavi Rrublebs qvemoT qanaobs.magram ra sustia fexebi.

*mtkiva suli, mtkiva suli, mtkiva

suli...da ra vuyo am tkivils _ ar vici.magram mxolod am tkiviliT var

Tanaxma vicocxlo.esaa yvelaze Zvirfasi CemTvis da

CemSi.

*1910 wlis 26 agvisto. xelad davber-

di.20 weliwads videqi `SuadRisas~. da

uceb _ saRamos 9 saaTi.axla aRaraferi aRar mWirdeba.

aRaraferi aRar minda. mxolod safla-vi mitrialebs TavSi.

*arcerTi adamiani ar aris qebis Rir-

si. yvela mxolod sibralulis Rirsia.

*me megona yvelaferi ukvdavia; meg-

ona da vmRerodi.axla ki vici, rom yvelaferi mTav-

rdeba, da simRera miwyda.

*me davasrule... risTvis vcxovrob-

di?

*mivdivar. mivdivar. mivdivar. mivdi-

var.da ar vici, sad dasruldeba Cemi gza.

*mkvdari qveyana. mkvdari qveyana.

mkvdari qveyana. yvelaferi uZravia, daaraferi ar WaWanebs.

*revolucias ori ganzomileba aqvs

_ sigrZe da sigane. magram ara aqvs me-same _ siRrme. da ase, amgvarad, mas ara-sodes ar eqneba mwife da gemrielixili. arasodes ar dasruldeba.

*am qveynad yovelTvis damkvirvebe-

li viyavi da ara monawile.aqedan _ mTeli tanjva.

*mwerlis talanti uneburad nTqavs

mis sicocxles.nTqavs bednierebas, nTqavs yvela-

fers.talanti bedisweraa. erTgvari maT-

robeli bediswera.

*xom araa samyaro savse saSinelebe-

biT, romlebic Cven sruliad ar viciT?imitom ar viciT mTlianad, imitom,

rom ver aitanda goni da, miT umetes,ver gauZlebda adamianis guli.

ra ubadruki Citunebi varT... buC-qidan buCqze da xidan xemde.

*samyaros tkivilma sZlia samyaros

sixaruls.da ocneboben daubrundnen sixar-

uls. ai, warmarTobis SfoTi.

*simRerebi iqidanvea, saidanac yva-

vilebi.

*ecade eZio ganmartoeba, ecade eZio

ganmartoeba; ecade eZio ganmartoeba.ganmartoeba sulis ukeTesi mcve-

lia; me minda vTqva, _ misi mfarveliangelozi.

ganmartoebidanaa yvelaferi; gan-martoebidanaa Zala; ganmartoebidanaasiwminde.

*raRa SCedrini _ gogolisa da raRa

mejinibe aleqsandre makedonelisgverdiT.

*rusuli kvexna, siqveled gadaqceu-

li, da rusuli mconareba, `samyarosgadasatrialeblad Sekruli~, _ ai, raaris revolucia.

*RmerTo maradiulo, ideqi Cems gve-

rdiT.nurasodes nu gameclebi.

*warmateba sikeTeSia, da sikeTe _

warmatebaSi.

*oboba erTia, aTi buzi ki qselSi

hyavs gabmuli.frTebi rom hqonodaT, gafrinde-

bodnen. oboba ki mxolod dacocavs.mzerac ufro farTo aqvT, horizon-

tamde. magram isini mkvdrebi arian;oboba ki _ cocxali.

ai, rusebi da ebraelebi. 100 milio-ni rusi da 7 milioni ebraeli.

*mTeli literatura (axla) ebra-

elebs upyriaT xelT. maTTvis mcireaqisa: isini movidnen rusuli sulis-Tvis.

*`im qveynad~ Cven munjebi viqnebiT.da aRtaceba aRavsebs Cvens sulebs.aRtaceba yovelTvis munjia.

*nuTu aRar dadgeba dila? nuTu esaa

ukanaskneli saRamo?

*rusuli cxovreba talaxianicaa da

sustic. magram, ase Tu ise, sayvarel-ic.

*Cems azrovnebaSi yovelTvis iyo

erTgvari gaSeSeba.

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*mxolod mwuxareba gvivlens diadsa

da wmindas.

*cxovreba moiTxovs zust Tvalsa da

mtkice xels. cxovreba arc cremlebiada arc gminva, aramed brZola; diax,saSineli brZola. cremlebi Sin~, Sig-niT~. gareT ki _ rkina. da mxolod issaxlia mtkice, romelsac gars avliarkina.

CemSi cota iyo rkina. da, ai, ra-tomac uWirda dedas. is miagorebdaurikas da icavda mas. ibrZoda CemTvis.

da mZRoli waiqca. me ki mxoloddavtiri mas.

*mRvdlebi _ brinjaos laSqari qri-

stes gverdiT.

*me ar minda WeSmariteba. me minda

simSvide.

*mwerlobis saidumlo TiTebis

wverzea, oratorisa _ enis wverze.

*rac aris, me warmoudgeneli meCvene-

ba, rac ara _ namdvili.

*RmerTo Cemo, maradisobav Cemo; ra-

tom miboZe amdeni mwuxareba me?

*universitetebs ki ar aRuzrdiaT

namdvili rusi adamiani, aramed wera-kiTxvis ucodinar ZiZebs.

*Cven arsebobis zoologiur fazas ki

ar gavdivarT, aramed _ qvis xanisas.

*briyvia Cemi sicocxle?yovel SemTxvevaSi, arc ise Wkviani.

*tolstoi gvacvifrebs, dostoevski

gvaRelvebs.

*uyureT, borotmoqmedeba simR-

erasaviT JRers, qvelmoqmedeba ki pa-naSvidiviT iweleba.

*adamiani gulwrfelia biwSi da ug-

ulwrfelo _ siqveleSi.

*biwi ferwerulia, siqvele ki mqrqa-

li.ai, saSineleba.

*gaulawunes mkvexaras sifaTSi; ai,

socializmis mTeli istoria ruseTSi.da davinaxe Sors sasikvdilo sare-

celi. davinaxe rogor kvdebian gamar-jvebulni, Zleulni ki rogorc mZlev-elni.

da rom Tovs, da davinaxe miwa.maSin me vTqvi: RmerTo, agvaride es,

RmerTo, SeaCere.da gamarjveba gafermkrTalda Cems

sulSi; imitom, rom gafermkrTal-dasuli. imitom, rom sadac kvdebian, aribrZvian iq. ar imarjveben da arc gar-bian.

magram rCebian uZravi Zvlebi, rom-lebsac aTovs.

*revoluciebi dafuZnebulni arian

enTuziazmze; samefoni _ moTminebaze.

*keTil dasawyiss mSvenieri dasasru-

li mosdevs, ris simarTlesac TviTsaqmis Sedegi gviCvenebs.

ai, dasawyisi, adamianebisTviskeTili dasasruli rom moaqvs: wmind-ad iRvawe sicocxlis gawmendisaTvis

moZRvrebiT frTaSesxmuli nu if-ren namdvili frTebis gareSe, radganfrinvelebi ufrTebod ar dafrinaven.

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*adamianis sicocxleSi yvelaze didi

dideba codnaa, magram isic ki vnebsimas, vinc borotad iyenebs mas.

*frTxilad, ar mogatyuos fuWma

didebam; esaa maxe WkuaTxelTaTvis.

*sikeTis qmnisas ecade mtkiced idge

am mxriv, radganac swrafia sikeTidanukeTurebaze gadasvla

*moToke sicili da zRvari daude

risxvas; mTeli ZaliT ecade gandevnofuWi sityva.

*uwinares yovlisa, geSinodes RvTi-

sa; pativi miage mSoblebs da moxucT.

*Svilma arasodes dauwyos dava mamas,

brZanebs kanoni, kanonze umal ki _buneba.

*rac ar ginda sxvebisgan daiTmono,

nurc sxvas uzam amas.

*mZime danaSaulis Camdens risxva ar

esmis, radganac msjavri Tanabradmiagebs mas.

*brZnuli bageebidan wveTen utk-

bilesi sityvebi, mware xorxi ki amo-anTxevs lanZRva-ginebas.

*Raribi megobrebisTvis daxSulia

mdidarTa kari, mdidrebisTvis ki Riaabrwyinvale sra-sasaxleni.

*wyali saamo sasmelia, is ar arRvevs

azris sicxades, erTi jami Rvino kigonebas amRvrevs.

*sjobs mciredi Wamo, vidre mdidru-

li vaxSami.

*briyvi sizmarSi fuliT savse tom-

ris patronze mdidari xdeba.

*mkvdrisTvis mTeli miwaa kubo, rad-

gan yvelaferi, rac miwisganaa, miwasvemiubrundeba.

*briyvi Svilis yolas uSviloba

sjobs.

sakuTar sulsIsaqme gaqvs, sulo Cemo, da arcTu

umniSvnelo saqme. gamoikvlie SeniTavi, vina xar Sen, saiT iswrafvi, said-an moevline qveynierebas da sad undaSedge. namdvilia Tu ara sicocxle,romliTac axla cocxlob? an, iqneb,sxvacaa mis garda?

saqme gaqvs, sulo Cemo! Semdegnair-ad gawminde Seni sicocxle: ifiqre Rm-erTze da mis idumalebaze; ifiqre, raiyavi, samyaroze uwinares da ras niS-navs SenTvis es samyaro? saidan gaCndada sanamde iltvis?

saqme gaqvs, sulo Cemo! Semdegnair-ad gawminde Seni sicocxle: ifiqrerogor marTavs RmerTi samyaros Tavi-si saWiT, da mxned miaqcevs mas: ratomaazogi ram waruvali, zogi ki mswrafl-warmavali; an metadre Cveni suli radeqvemdebareba gzis klaknilobas?

saqme maqvs, sulo Cemo! miapyar Tva-li erTaderT RmerTs. ra diadi iyaviuwin da rarig SebRalulxar dRes. raborgavs CemSi da ra dasas-ruli aqvsCems sicocxles? ifiqre yoveliveamaze da SeaCereb Seni gonebis ryevas.

saqme maqvs, sulo Cemo! mTeli Zal-Ronis gamocdis miuxedavad, nu daece-mi.

IIzecad aRapyre sulo, Tvali, da

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daiviwye yovelive amqveyniuri, raTaar daemorCilo codvas! dRemoklea essicocxle; bednieri TiTqos sizmarSitkbeba. sxvadasxvaa yvela Cvenganisbedi. mxolod wminda sicocxlea mud-mivi da dRegrZeli. amitom yvelafersCrdilavs amnairi yofa. zogisTvissanukvaria oqro-vercxli, an uwyvetidrostareba: es balRuri garTobanisinamdvileSi.

*wigni Zviri unda iyos. wigni arc du-

qania, arc arayi da arc quCaSi moseirneqaliSvili.

wigni saubrobs, wigni gvmoZRvravs,wigni mogviTxrobs.

wigni Zviri unda iyos.is ar unda iyos abezari. is unda iyos

umwikvlo.is aravis ar unda dasdevdes kudSi;

aravis ar unda sTavazobdes TavisTavs. is devs da `arc elis myidvels~,aramed mxolod devs.

wignis moZebna unda SegeZlos. isunda eZio, da roca miakvlev, _gaufrTxilde da mouaro.

wigni ar unda misce `wasakiTxad~.wigni, romelsac wasakiTxad aZleven,garyvnilia. man raRac dakarga Tavisisulisgan, umankoebisa da sisufTavis-gan.

*nuTu puSkini damnaSavea, rom is

pisarevs ar waukiTxavs, da eklesiacdamnaSavea, rom biuxneri da moleSot-ic `mas ver ugebdnen; da qristianobadamnaSavea, rom Cven `vybedobT~.

*mTeli es adgili WiebiT da xrw-

nilebiT rom iyos savse, mainc davrCe-bi aq.

briyvebTan davrCebi, gaiZverebTandavrCebi;

ratom?aq laparakoben sulis ukvdavebaze,

RmerTze da maradiul sicocxleze,jildosa da sasjelze.

aqaa sakurTxeveli, WeSmaritad

sakurTxeveli, erTi mTel dedamiwaze.da sadac yvelani wavalT aqedan.

*ra aris mwerali?mitovebuli bavSvebi, daviwyebuli

coli, da pativmoyvareoba, pativmoy-vareoba.

saintereso figura.

*ra aris literaturuli suli?esaa hamleti, esaa sicive da sicari-

ele.

*Wiayelam Sva Wiayela.Wiayela gasrialda.Semdeg ki mokvda.

*mTeli Cemi cxovreba mZime iyo.

Signidan codvebi. garedan ubedureba.erTaderTi nugeSi iyo mwerlobaSi.

ai, ratomaa gamudmebiT rom vwerdi.

*yvela Cemi biwi svelia. cecxlovani

_ arcerTi.arc pativmoyvareoba, arc Zalau-

flebis siyvaruli, arc Suri ar dagav-da Cems suls.

rogorRa ganvsajo is, visac ar Za-luZs sZlios cecxlovani biwi, roca arSemeZlo meZlia sveli.

*yvela did adamians me Tavs movaWam-

di. CemTvis napoleonze maRla dgasCveni mosamsaxure nadia; iseTi Tvin-ieri, sayvareli da yovelTvis moRima-re.

napoleoni aravis ar ainteresebs;napoleoni sainteresoa mxolod uke-TurTaTvis (bazari, brbo).

*zogjer meCveneba rom me gadavlax-

av mTel literaturas.imitom ki ara, rom Zlieri var. ma-

gram ufalia CemTan. asea es. ase.

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*naTeli dRe, da yvelani gamovefi-

neT nevis prospeqtze. magram arissaaTi, roca yvelani wavalT Sin~, da es`Sin~ _ miwaa.

*saSinelia, roca dgeba cieba sulis.

suli iyineba.

*iqneb sxvebs ara aqvs ufleba Tvi-

Tonve mokvdnen; me ki maqvs uflebamovkvde TviTonve.

*RmerTma warmomgzavna sityvis ni-

WiT, da sxva araferi ar moucia. ai,ratoma var ase ubeduri.

*yvelaferi daiRupa. yvelaferi

daiRupa. yvelaferi daiRupa.daiRupa sicocxle. daiRupa TviT

misi azri.Tvali ver mivadevne.

*itanjeba suli. itanjeba saSineli

wamebiT.Cemi dila _ usinaTlod, Cemi Rame

_ uZilod.

*yvelafrisgan wavedi da arsad mive-

di.

*male dasruldeba Cemi dReni. o, ra

fuWia isini CemTvis. `mZime rodia esdro, magram mZimea yvela saaTi~.

*mivutevoT maT codva, raTa maTac

mogvitevon Cveni codvebi.

*siCume kurnavs suls.

*samyaro svlaa.

da roca miCumdebian nabijebi, sam-yaro damTavrdeba.

*yvelafris bolos RmerTia. da yve-

lafris dasawyisic. RmerTi. is yve-laferia; yvelafris fesvi.

*cotaa mze, _ ai, axsna ruseTis is-

toriis.da grZeli Rameebi; ai, axsna rusuli

fsiqologiurobis.

*bebero, sayvarelo bebiebo,

gaufrTxildiT rusul simarTles;sxva veRaravin gaufrTxildeba.

*eklesia sazogadoebisa da xalxis

sulia.gana SeiZleba xeli aRmarTo sulze?

biwieric rom iyos.

*mokvda! mokvda! _ ymuis mxeci ad-

amiani.eklesia mivida da Cumad Tqva:_ ara, gardaicvala.mxecs saxeze mousva xeli, da mxeci

adamianad iqca.

*madli miage arsebobis yvela wams da

yvela wami ukvdavyavi.

*azri maradisSi ki ar aris, aramed

wamebSi.

*sicocxlis saSineli sicariele. o,

ra sazarelia is.

*visac ar ganucdia mwuxareba, man

arc religia icis.

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uitmeniseuli formis analogiamusikasTan mxolod da mxolod xe-lovnur idead imitom ar darCa, rom op-eram STaagona da ritmis xelSesaxebisafuZveli Seaswavla. aSkaraa, rogorcmeri ostini amtkicebda1, rom Cvenstradiciul poetebs swamdaT, poeziiswyaro inglisSiao da ise iqceodnen,TiTqos ritmi mxolod naswavlis imita-cia yofiliyos. Cvens qveyanaSi mcx-ovrebma baironisa da kitsis mimdevreb-ma imaze meti wvdomis unari ver gamo-amJRavnes, vidre wina saukuneSi popismimdevrebma, rom poeturi ritmi iyogamocdilebis eqo _ eqo sxeulis Sina-gani guliscemisa, misi garegnulimoZraobisa Sromisa Tu siyvarulisas,eqo iseTi bgerebisa, qari da zRva romSobs. emersoni Caswvda naklovanebas,xolo mZimed tanjulma pom realuritragediis xSiri gamokrTomiT gardaqm-na daWimuli romantikuli modulacie-bi zRaprul samyarod. uitmenis surviliki, ukuegdo nasesxebi ritmebi poeziispirvelyofili evoluciis gamosacocx-leblad, mis mier gaweuli SromiT ga-momJRavnda.

Tuki poeziis sawyisi cekvaSi undaveZioT, unda veZioT `Sewyobil fexTa~(gumeris fraza rom moviSvelioT) xmisawevasa da dadablebaSi, xolo mere misiganviTarebis fazebi mkacr wesrigSiunda gaviazroT: pirvelia moZraoba;Semdeg _ bgera (anu melodia); Semdeg _azri (anu sityvebi). rogorc naxevradga-naTlebuli Jurnalisti, uitmeni yve-laze Sors idga cxovrebis sawyis mizez-

frensis oto matiseni

okeane(wignidan: `amerikuli renesansi~)

Tagan da amitomac Tavis pirvel nawereb-Si mxolod da mxolod azriT xelmZRv-anelobda. Semdgom, musikiTa da ora-torobiT moxiblulma, daiwyo Serwymabgerisa da moZraobis ufro mdidruliimpulsebisa. aman miagnebina sakuTargzas, radgan aq iyo Cadebuli (misi siy-mawvilisa da mowifulobis droindelinteresTa miRma) codna bunebrivi rit-misa, ramac igi bavSvobis uadres cno-bierebamde daabruna. winaprebis Sesaxebmowvdil cnobebSi aRniSnavda, rom misiojaxis orive Sto TaobaTa manZilze ax-los cxovrobda zRvasTan, `esmodaT mS-vid saaTebSi zvirTcemis Rriali~.imasac aRniSnavda, rom misi pirveli Tav-

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gadasavali iyo sanapiroze seirnoba daTvalyurisdevneba kacebisa, roca isinimarilis borcvebs Wridnen an moluske-bs agrovebdnen da Tevzaobdnen. da su-lac ar aris saocari misi Semdgomi si-tyvebi, pirvelad raime maradiulis ga-keTeba maSin mominda, roca afrebgaS-lili xomaldi davinaxe, msurda aRmew-era swored ise, rogorc vxedavdi~. essimbolo moZraobis mSvenierebisa, racgrinaum epoqis Sesatyvisad miiCnia, pi-radad uitmens ekuTvnoda.

roca uitmeni axsenebda `Txevad-de-nad marcvlebs~, imedovnebda iseTiefeqtisaTvis mieRwia, gakvriT romaRniSnavs, rogorc SesaZlo genezissleqsisaTvis: zRvis piras, wyalSi koWam-de Cafluli SiSveli fexis xma~. igi kv-lav da kvlav cdilobda aRewera, Tu rasurda pirvelyofili Zalisagan da sxar-tad gadmosca es, roca ganacxada, TuarCevani meqna, gavuTanasworde udidespoetebs TemiT, sazomiTa Tu srulyo-fili ritmiT,

amas, amas, o zRvao, yvelafer amas siamovnebiT gavcvlidierT talRis rwevaSi, misi moqniloba rom SemeZina,an sunTqva, Seni erTi sunTqva, Cems leqsSi rom gadmosuliyo,da Tavisi surneli daetova.

aq igi axloa torosTan, romelmacaseve uaryo musikaluri teqnika da Tavi-si gancdebis saukeTeso STagonebabunebis harmoniaSi hpova. uitmenis sru-li codna ritmis organuli safuZvlisa,rac man ganaviTara Tormetze meti leq-sis CanawerSi, Tavmoyrilia, ramdenadacmas Tavmoyra SeeZlo, misi rCeulni dRe-nis~ erT-erT TavSi:

`ymawvilobisas vocnebobdi, msurdadamewera Txzuleba, albaT leqsi, zRvisnapiris Sesaxeb _ im damafiqrebel, gamy-of zolze, kontaqtze, SemaerTebeladgilze, sadac mkvrivi euRleba Txe-vads _ im raRac ucnaur, saidumloTavSesafarze (radgan, ueWvelia, yoveliobieqturi forma, bolos da bolos,subieqtur sulad iqceva), rac ufromets niSnavs, vidre is, rasac pirvelidanaxvisas aRviqvamT, iseTive diadze,TviTon rom aris _ erTmaneTs romuerTebda realursa da idealurs da

TviTeuli meoris nawili xdeboda.saaTebis, dReebis ganmavlobaSi, Cemslong ailendze, siymawvilisas da daka-cebisas, davdiodi rokfeilsa da koniailendis sanapiroebze, an aRmosav-leTiT hemptonsa Tu montaukSi. erTx-el, swored aq, montaukSi (Zveli SuqurisgverdiT, roca irgvliv zRvis metiaraferi Canda, sadamdec ki Tvaligawvdeboda), kargad maxsovs, vigrZeni,rom erT dRes unda damewera wigni, sa-dac gamovxatavdi am Txevad mistikurTemas. Semdgom, maxsovs, rogor Semoi-Wra CemSi is azri, rom sagangebo liriku-li, epikuri Tu literaturuli cdebisnacvlad zRvis sanapiro unda qceuliyouxilav gavlenad, yovlismomcvel kri-teriumad da niSnad Cems TxzulebebSi~.

uitmeni aq grZnobs da Wvrets kidecuSualo gancdaTa monacvleobisa da sai-dumlos Serwymas. zRvisa da miwisSeerTebis aRweraSi `mkvrivi euRlebaTxevads~. igi instinqturad iTavisebssqesobriv simbolizms, rac mudam gvx-vdeba mis yvelaze ufro cocxal gamoTq-maTa safuZvelSi. gacnobierebuli aqvsTu ara es simbolizmi _ rogorc lo-renss an sxva poets, vinc froidis gav-lena ganicada _ (mas mere, rac yuradRe-ba gaamaxvila long ailendis indiur sax-elze, Tevzis formis pomanokidan moy-olebuli, sadac davibade~), igi xelidanar uSvebs SesaZleblobas, gadmosces`talRebis Smagi zvirTcema miwaze~. esaZlierebs uitmenis mravali leqsisefeqts, mis eleqtrul arss~ rom Seexe-ba, radgan amiT iqmneba naxevartoni Ci-tis simRerisaTvis leqsSi `narad mrw-eveli akvnidan~, ramac gamoaRviZa da siy-varulis azri SeaZenina biWs sanapiroze.xSirad uitmenis warmosaxva ufropirdapirac aris mimarTuli, roca am-bobs:

Cemi sayvareli zRvis marili mayria, vwevar SiSvelida surviliT aRvsili.

sxva ganwyobilebisas igi fiqrobs immiuwvdomel Zalaze, rac am qafis Txelifenis qveSaa da radgan uitmenis simbo-lo icvleba, gvaxsendeba is mravaliZireuli ram, rasac melvilma miagno darac zRviT iyo gamoxatuli, roca igi

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upirispirebda zRvis unapiro, unavsad-guro usazRvrobas~ miwis mSvidobianiTavSesafris zols, an SiSiT fiqrobda imsisastikesa da sikvdilze, rasac zRviszedapiris moCvenebiTi simSvide malav-da. Tavisi meditaciebi melvilma uit-menze gacilebiT Rrmad ganaviTara, ma-gram misTvis sawyisi Tvalsazrisi yofisjer Cauwvdomeli adgilebi iyo, racsimSvidismomgvreli ritmebiT gaixsna.melvilma es procesi anZis wverze dgo-mis mraval aRweraSi mianiSna, roca am-bobda, aqeT-iqiT virweodi usaqmod md-gari, TiTqos mojadoebul haerSi vyo-filiyavi... am miZinebul ganwyobilebaSivkargavdi mTel cnobierebas, bolos dabolos Cemi suli gaTavisuflda sx-eulisagan~. aseTi ocneba Zalze axlobe-li iyo uitmenisaTvis.

kolrijis principi, rom dapiri-spirebulTa gaerTianeba arsebiTia yve-la diadi xelovnebis nimuSis Seqmnisas,melvilis rwmenis miRma daiZebneba, rw-menisa, rom mSveniereba unda SekavSird-es Zalis SemweobiT, da, agreTve, uitme-nis survilis miRmac, rom zRvam `kosmi-uri sawyisi vnebiT~ unda mianiWos maszustad imdeni, ramdenic daxvewilobi-Ta da moCurCule `simSvidiT~. uitmenmasakmaod mkafiod ganacxada Tavisiprincipebi sxva SemTxvevaSi, roca ganav-iTara is, rasac zemoT xazgasmul sity-vaSi gulisxmobda, arapirdapir gavlena-Si, rasac mis Txzulebebze axdens az-virTebuli uxilavi talRebi: àmisanalogi aris okeane. okeanis leqsebiTxevadi, azvirTebuli talRebia, sulrom yalyze dgebian da ecemian. Tundmziani da mSvidni iyvnen, Tund qariSx-lisagan gadareulni mudam moZraoben,mudam erTmaneTs hgvanan, sakuTari, ag-orebuli talRis bunebiT, magramZnelad Tu moiZebneba ori, sididiTa dazomiT (saleqso metriT) zustad erT-maneTis msgavsi talRa, maT arasodesaqvT raRac damTavrebulis, gayinulisganwyoba, mudam raRac miRma myofze mi-aniSneben~. uitmeni aq exeba zRvis metadkontrastul aspeqtebs, simSvidesa daqariSxals da es orive mis gulisTqmasgamoxatavs, magram Tavisi koncefciisniSandobliv gansxvavebasac amJRavnebs,Tu rogor unda gadmoices es yovelivemis leqsebSi. kolriji, sazomis

sawyisebs rom eZiebda, raTa gaewonas-worebina spontanuri mcdelobiT STabe-WdilebamiRebuli goneba vnebisagan Se-qmnil TxzulebaTa ganxilvisas, leqssmiiCnevda emociisa da misi kontrolisnayofad, harmoniad, am antagonistTamtkice kavSiriT rom iqmneba. uitmenma esdaZabuloba TiTqos xelovnebis safuZ-velSi SeigrZno, roca saubrobda da-wolaze zRvis dinebis mTeli duRilisa,im gamouTqmel raRacaze Cems sulSi,rac magebinebs, ise, rom verc ki gamo-miTqvams, saidan vici~. magram uitmeni arcdila, leqsSi am daZabulobis daZlevaeCvenebina. man am problemas gverdi imiTauara, rom mTlianad uaryo moZRvrebasazomis Sesaxeb, raTa survilisamebràelaparakebina buneba, Seumowmeblad,pirvelyofili energiiT~. zRva uitmensimas ki ar ubiZgebda, rom Tavisi saku-Tari ritmi Seeqmna. mas surda SeeTvise-bina zRvis stiqiuri Zala zRvasTan sak-uTari Tavis gaigivebis meSveobiT.

adamiansa da bunebas Soris arsebuligansxvavebis am gaqrobiT SeiZleba,agreTve, amovikiTxoT mizezi mis Semo-qmedebaSi tradiciuli poeturi mima-rTulebis gaTqvefisa da danawevrebisa.rogorc meri ostinma daaskvna, misi rit-mebis analizis Sedegad, ùitmenimgrZnobiare gaxldaT didi sagnebisad-mi, rac mas universalobaSi eSleboda,amgvari warmodgena did rols asruleb-da mis SemoqmedebaSi, iolad gansjida daarcTu naTlad ayalibebda daskvnebSiamerikuli tipis Sesaxeb~. magram meriostins aseve unda scodnoda, rom uit-menis areul-dareulma amboxma uzarmaz-ar gamarjvebas miaRwia. oratorobasrom miubrunda, man gumaniT aRiara, rommisi xelovneba mudam ufro axlos iyoamerikel xalxTan, vidre nebismieri man-amdeli leqsi. man arc ki icoda, rom axlaaRmovaCineT mravali ram, warmoCenilimisdroindel Sromisa da zRvis simRe-rebSi, rom am simRerebis ritmi, racaRZrulia uSualod `konstruqciuliZalis wvasa da duRilisagan~ ufro san-doa, vidre is, rasac longfelo wignSikiTxulobda da gadmoweras cdilobda.rac ar unda iyos, mravali uitmeniseu-li aRweriloba kacTa Tu qalTa yoveld-Riuri saqmianobisa, aris nayofi ritmisxelSesaxebi safuZvlis aRmoCenisa, rac

mas pirvelad ewvia talRebis yalyzeSedgomisa da daSvebis xilvisas:

menaveni da moluskebis Semgrovebelni adre amdgariyvnen da micdidnen,CeqmebSi Cavitane Sarvlis boloebi, wavedi da Cinebuli dro gavatare;neta CvenTan yofiliyav im dRes, Tevzis wvnianiT savse qvabs rom vusxediT.

magram uitmenis ritmebi aq, upirve-lesad, mizanswraful aqtivobas ki argadmoscems, aramed Tavisufali, sic-ocxliT savse arsebobis sixaruls.

es daskvna, rogorc Cans, saerTodaRiZvris misi euli zmnebis, moZraobisgamomxatveli zmnebis wyalobiT. aravinkiTxulobda, neta sxva romelime leqs-Si Tu moiZebneba amdeni zmna da mimRe-obao. magram roca igi daiJinebs, `tiv-tivi~ da `dineba~ nakleb niSandobliviauitmenisaTvis, vidre àmosvla~ da `ga-bijebao~, igi poetis aqtiur bgeras gac-ilebiT ufro energiulad miiCnevs, vi-dre TviT leqsTa qsovili iZleva amissafuZvels. bolos da bolos, es ar arisuaryofa uitmenis gulwrfeli aRiare-bisa, rom samyaros mTeli Zalebi... Zger-en, win miiweven~, an rom iseTi leqsi,rogoricaa `didi gzis simRera~, qad-agebs dinamikur filosofias winsvlisSesaxeb, filosofias brZolisa da gama-rjvebisa. es gasaRebi ufroa imisgasarkvevad, Tu ram aqcia uitmeni lir-ikosad, nacvlad oratorisa, rac aiZu-lebda aerCia iseTi Tema, rogoricaabruklinis boranze daweril leqsSi, daSeCereba ufro ezeima, vidre adgilamdemiRweva. man gaamJRavna, Tu riT xiblav-da jado Tavisi qalaqis pirveli saxel-wodebisa, roca Tqva: `manahata niSnavsadgils, romlis garSemoc Cqari (an mS-foTvare) wlebi moemarTeba an sadRacmiedineba~ misi leqsi boranze SesaZloaCafiqrebuli iyo, rogorc kolrijisrwmenis ilustracia, rom poeziis mkiTx-veli poeziam ùnda gaitacos win, araubralod an umetesad ucnauri meqani-kuri impulsiT, an saboloo miznisakendauokebeli ltolviT, aramed gonebisdamatkbobeli aqtivobiT, rasac TviTmogzaurobiT aRZruli siamovneba

iwvevs~. marTlac uitmenma sityva-si-tyviT gaigo is, rac kolrijTan ubralometafora gaxldaT da ise moixibla mog-zaurobiT, mkiTxvelSi aseTive grZnobisgamowveviT, rom xSirad Tavs arc ki iwux-ebda leqsebis weriT da mxolod daxvave-bul masalas tovebda.

TviT uitmeni icnobda moZraobis imsaxeobas, rac win swevda mis poezias.roca im gavlenebs CamoTvlis, ramac`foTlebis momwifeba~ ganapiroba, Cans,rom es iyo ara ubralod `mSvidi siam-ovneba~, roca igi mTel naSuadRevebsa dasaRamoebs mdinareze gadasvla-gadmos-vlaSi atarebda, aramed `mravali mx-iaruli mogzauroba~ brodveis omni-busiT meetlis gverdze jdomisas. met-ic, pirveli eqsperimentebisas uitmenisTavisufali mediumi (1848) waawyda sa-Jurnalo statias induri epikuri poezi-is Sesaxeb, saidanac man amoiwera stilisdaxasiaTeba, rac unda ecada da ris-Tvisac unda mieRwia Tavis Semoqmedeba-Si: `diadi poema unda miedinebodes`SeuCerebliv da Seuyovnebliv~. Turarig bunebrivi iyo es misTvis, Cansaseve gamoTqmul TvalsazrisSi ora-torobis paraleluri idealis Sesaxeb`mtkice, auCqareblad amofrqveuli sti-li vokalizmisa, oRond sulCadgmuli,seriozuli cxovrebis cocxali, srulimWevrmetyvelebiT~. mtkice gadawyveti-leba, vneba Serbilebulia mis yvelazemomwifebul qmnilebebSi, rac war-moSobilia ara gardaqmnis surviliT,aramed ganxorcielebisagan, ara sapro-testo WidiliT sazogadoebis gaum-jobesebisaTvis, aramed ubraloamerikuli yofis manamde gamouxatvelimravali mxaris aRmoCenisagan. amgvariganwyobilebiT aRsavse grZnobda, romùbralo moZraoba yofila bedniereba,tkboba _ sunTqvac da xedvac~; da mx-olod is surda, rom mTlianad miscemo-da am wams, neba mieca misTvis `gaegr-Zelebina dineba, waveyoliebine TavismSvid eqstazSi~.

uitmenis ritmisa da enis guldasmiTgamokvlevis mere jin qeTeli SeniSnav-da, uitmeniseuli moZraobis gamomx-atveli epiTetebi warmoaCens, cota ariyos, damyol sizantes, rac ase niSan-doblivi gaxldaT misi sxeulisaTviso.Tu ramdenad axasiaTebda sizante mis

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sxeuls, Cans `bruklin igelSi~. rocauitmeni am gazeTidan daiTxoves 1848wels liberaluri, miwis Tavisuflebispolitikuri rwmenis gamo, gazeTma uit-menis daTxovnis safuZvlad miiCnia is,rom igi iyo zanti, `mZime, uzrdeli dauprincipo... Cveni warmatebis dam-abrkolebeli~. da imiT abaTilebdnenmowinaaRmdege gazeTis Tavdasxmas _uitmeni imitom gaaTavisufles, romcnobil politikur pirebs gauswordao_avtoritetulad rom daaskvnidnen,ìgi Zalze zantia, raTa vinmes gaus-wordeso~.

aq warmodgenili karikaturisagandamoukideblad, msgavsi miniSneba misiplastikuri unarisa gadmocemulia leq-sis, `simRera Cems Sesaxeb~, damagvir-gvinebel nawilSi:

Cems xorcs moreviviT gavfen da mi-varwev daxlarTul konebad. amgvariamofrqveva ganapirobebs neli nabijiTmoZraobas, rac Cinebulad esadageba misdarRveul ritms:

veyrdnobi rafebs daxvewil da damyol karebTa.

aq igi imdenad arc ki gulisxmobsmoZraobas, ramdenadac kunTebis kmay-ofilebas moZraobis Sewyvetisas da amasmxiarulad upirispirebs, vTqvaT, aseTraimes:

pomanokidan daviZrebi da mivfrinav CitiviT,Tavs davtrialeb da vumReri yvela ideas.

es, SesaZloa, arasworad iyos SerCeu-li, radgan sakuTar sxeulze yuradReb-is gamaxvileba azviadebda groteskulmarcxs cocxali saxis Seqmnisas. damainc, yovelTvis marcxdeba, roca misisityvieri warmosaxva Zalze aqtiuria damxolod maSin, roca ufro damyolia,warmatebas aRwevs imiT, rom aRavsebspoezias im mgrZnobelobiT, rac kolr-ijs aucileblad miaCnda òbieqturistruqturis~ gansaxorcieleblad. amg-vari struqtura, Tavis mxriv, arsebiTiaìm gansazRvrulisa da saxis gadmocemi-saTvis, TviT saxelebis gadasxvafereb-isaTvis, uromlisodac poezia ubralo,

mosawyen didaqtikad gadaiqceva, an qre-ba bundovan, gauazrebel ocnebebSi~.poeti amgvar struqturas qmnis mxolodim masalisagan, rac mis sakuTargrZnobebs Seesatyviseba da uitmenisfragmentul Zalas yvelaze metadaRZravs samoZraod imgvari situacia,roca qali esaubreba `sarostana kacsbaRis margilebTan~:

gverdiT damideqi, vidre ise mogetolebi, rogorc SemiZlia.amavse moTeTro TafliT, daixare Cemken,gamixaxune Seni Jruantelismomgvreli wveri, gamixaxune mkerdsa da mxrebze.

meore mxriv, situaciebi, sadac yve-laze mosawyen azrebs gamoTqvams, Tava-ziani Tu daxvewili gancdebiT Seborkildaskvnebs, iseTia, rom misi xma mkveTradeSveba deklamatorul daRmarTze daborZikiT miiwevs:

gamarjveba, SekavSireba, rwmena, erTgvaroba, dro,darRveuli kavSirni, simdidre, saidumlo,maradiuli progresi, kosmosi da Tanamedrove ambebi.

sia, romelSic SeuZlia gaiazros sak-uTari moZraoba da ara, ubralod, ga-nacxados misi arseboba, yvelaze damar-wmuneblad kinetikuri mimikiTaa miniS-nebuli or striqonSi leqsisa `simReraCems Sesaxeb~.

cxovrebisadmi moferebis grZnoba trialebs CemSi, Tanabrad moZraobs win da ukan,

da

vrwyav fesvebs yvelafrisa, rac ki gazrdila.

TviT kacuri energiac ki àdamisSvilebSi~, roca karga xniT yovndeba masSemdeg, rac bodvasaviT CamoTvlis ad-amianis sxeulis nawilebs, raTa maTi aR-wera ganaviTaros, upirvelesad Tava-zian zmnebs arCevs:

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ucnaurad daxetialobs xeli sxeulze, morcxvad gaSiSvlebul sxeulze;TiTebi nazad Cerdebian da nela erTdebian.

misi yvelaze metad dasamaxsovrebeliepiTetebi moZraobisa amgvar alersadiqceva, vTqvaT, roca saubrobs `datal-Rul Tvlemaze~ zRvisa, `elastiur ha-erze~, `mSvidad moZrav cxovelebze,moTminebas rom gvaswavlian~; an rocaaviTarebs erT-erTs Tavis mravalricx-ovan gamarjvebis simReraTagan. romel-sac uZRvnis `vaSlismagvar~ dedamiwas,kosmosSi rom migoravs, striqonebSi,romelSic Rameuli haeris umciresmoZraobas daiWers xolme:

dedamiwa mTvlemare da wyliani xeebisa!dedamiwa gadawverili mzis Casvlisa _

dedamiwa nislovan-mwvervaliani mTebisa2,dedamiwa RirsebiT aRvsil savse mTvarisa, odnav lurjad Seferilisa!

rac ufro yuradRebiT gasinjav, Turogor gamoxatavs cxovrebiseul aRq-mas, SegrZnebas, rom maSin SeZlebs obieq-tis Sesaferis gadmocemas, Tu masSigaiTqvifeba, miT ufro gaocebs,gauTaveblad rom imeorebs erTsa daimave frazas:

ganfenili da Txevadi, ucnaurad mcuravi aCrdili, axla aqa var gaTqvefili da datyvevebuli.

gawonasworebisa da imis miwvdomis _raSic iTqvifeba _ survilisagan war-moiSoba striqonTa swored is tipurijgufebi, grZeli abzacebi mTavari zmnisgareSe, mainc rom SerCeniaT mkafiostruqturuli mTlianoba. man TiTqosSeigrZno, rom sakuTari Tavis gaigivebaobieqtTan usargeblos xdis zmnas, darom awmyos mimReobebi Tu infinitivebi,wodebiT mimarTvasTan erTad, Cinebu-lad gadmoscems uSualo realobas _gagrZelebul awmyos, warsulsa da mo-mavalsac rom moicavs. amgvarad SeiZinamisma deklamaciam moqniloba an, misierT-erTi usayvarlesi sityva rom gam-oviyenoT, uzrunveloba gamoTqmisa,rac surda da rac Semdgom leqsSia

warmodgenili, mTel leqsSi, sadac dawn-exviT gamowveuli ganuwyvetelimoZraoba umaRlesi wertilisaken mi-iswrafis:

mSvidad, Tavisuflad vdgavar bunebaSi,batoni Tu qalbatoni yovelivesi, rixiT vdgavar iracionalur sagnebs Soris,maTsaviT aRvsili, garinduli, SemgrZnobi, Cumi,Cemi saqmianoba, gaWirveba, popularoba, sisusteni, danaSaulebani nakleb mniSvnelovani meCveneba, vidre megona.meqsikis zRvasTan vdgavar, an manahataSi, an tenesiSi, an Soreuli CrdiloeTis Tu SigniTa qveynebSi.mdinaris kaci, an tyeTa kaci, an romelime fermis mcxovrebi am Statebisa Tu sanapirosi, Tu kanadis tbebisa,yvelgan, sadac Cemi cxovreba Caivlis, o, unda viyo mzadmyofi moulodnelobaTaTvis,raTa win aRvudge Rames, grigalebs, SimSils, dacinvas,xifaTs, uars, xeebiviT Tu cxovelebiviT.

am SemTxvevaSi, raTa davasruloTmsjeloba uitmenis leqsis formis war-moSobaze, SegviZlia warmovaCinoT isgza, riTac amgvari saleqso monakveTiformis simkvrives iZenda da rac uit-mens wignakSi pirvandeli saxiT ar Se-hqonda. aSkara faqtori uitmenis rw-menisa, zust mimarTebas mivageni saTqme-lis gadmosacemado, naTlad Cndeba misnaklebad cnobil leqsSi, `mZinareni~,rac `foTlebis~ pirveli gamocemisTormet leqsTagani gaxldaT. am leqsSiar aris Zalze damajerebeli efeqti,rasac SeiZleba dasawyisidan movelo-deT:

me yovel Rame mivyvebi suls neli nabijiT, uxmod, uCumrad,da mZinareTa daxuWul Tvalebs mivaSterdebi Ria TvalebiT,davxetialob, gzadakarguli, mTvareuli, mgzavri usazmno.(Targmani konstantine gamsaxurdia-

si)

Semdeg iwyeba CamoTvla yvela im mZi-narisa, visac xedavs, `micvalebulTa

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TeTri, sul TeTri, fermileuli saxee-bi loTebisa da onanistebis... Sepyro-bilebi da giJebi sagiJeTebSi, wmindaregvenni, axlad Sobilni (rkals gada-Rmidan rom iswrafian), da momakvdavni(rkals gadaRma rom iswrafian) da yve-las Rame dauflebia~.

poeti maT Soris dadis da sjera, romTuki nazad, oriode cidaze gadaatarebszemodan xels yvelaze tanjulsa damousvenars, maT simSvides moutans; ankidev, SeuZlia rigrigobiT TviTeulisgverdiT daiZinos da sizmrad gadaiqc-es. amgvarad, RameSi gaTqvefili mismocimcime sizmarTa seriebi ramdenimesizmarSi gadadis da mTel striqonebsikavebs; es aris sizmari damxrCvalimocuravisa; damsxvreuli gemisa _ xom-ald `meqsikos~ saxe, hempstidis napir-Tan rom daimsxvra 1840 wels, SemorCa mismexsierebas; sizmari vaSingtonisa,bruklinTan damarcxebas rom miusavaTe-bia; an is, rac dedam uambo indielskvoze, erT dRes rom gamocxadda maTsaxlSi da lerwmis totebs yidda skame-bis dasawnavad. igi TiTqos ver grZnobs,rom mZinareebs aRar xatavs da gaucno-biereblad warmoadgens am scenebs,rogorc sizmrebs. bolos aerTebs amsuraTebs da ificeba, rom diadi da sus-ti `axla gaTanabrebulan~, rom erTi araris meoreze ukeTesi, radgan `Ramem daZilma moiwona isini da aaRorZina~ daiseTnair frazas umatebs, advilad romSeiZleba draizerisa yofiliyo.

maT gamoiares xalisismomgvreli Rame, ganmkurnavi Rame da gamoiRviZes.

imis miuxedavad, Segnebulad cdi-lobda Tu ara uitmeni leqsSi sizmri-seuli cxovrebis arss Cawvdomoda, Ra-mis saidumloebiT tkboba aRuZravdasurvils, `saarSiyod wasuliyo~ zafxu-lis RameSi da aiZulebda ganecxadebina:`me cekva varo~. am frazaSi ayalibebsmTlianobas, rac masSi ganxorcielda:amis mere misi sityvebi aRaraa fragmen-tuli, rogorc Canawerebis rveulSi iyo,aramed, gancdiT pirvelyofili ritua-lis momRerlis sityvebs daemsgavsa,misi gaerTianebuli sxeulisa da sulisgamoxatulebad iqca. misma cekvam~ Sorswaiyvana, gaacila Tavisi cnobierebis

sazRvrebs da im asociaciaTa jgufTanmiiyvana, yvelaze ukeT sizmarSi romxorcieldeba. am azris siswore kargadCans erT nawyvetSi leqsis dasawyisisa,mis ukanasknel gamocemebSi amoRebulirom aris, aq areul-dareuli, magrammZlavri sqesobrivi simbolizmi ikiTxe-ba, Zalze msgavsi Ramidan naxevrad-SemorCenili mogonebisa, gaRviZebisasrom gaxsovs:

vai sircxvilo da gawiTlebav!o, suleluro avadmyofuro siwiTlev!SemicodeT, nurvin SemomxedavT! tansacmeli mouparavT, vidre meZina,axla xels mkraven, saiT gaviqce?burjo, wuxel fanjridan bundovnad rom daginaxe!zRvaSi gancalkevebulo burjo, neba miboZe, CageWido da SenTan davrCe _ ar Segawuxeb;mrcxvenia qveynad SiSvlad gamosvla.mainteresebs sada dgas Cemi fesvebi _ ra niaRvaria es,bavSvobaa Tu mowifuloba _ da mainteresebs SimSili, xids rom Suaze hkveTs.samosi malavs pirvel tkbil Wama-smas.faravs sicocxlisgamCen kvercxisguls _ faravs vardis guls, rZiansa da momwifebuls;TeTri kbilebi rCeba da Rrjoli gamovardeba sibneleSi,da sasmeli ewebeba tuCebs da ifareba Wiqis Sexebisas, da es saukeTeso sasmelia.

wamlekavi simdidrisa da nayofiere-bis es SegrZneba SeiZleba SevadaroTmelvilis aRqmas, `mardis~ im TavSi _`sizmrebi~, Sinagani Zalebis brunvas, su-lac rom ar aeWvebda Tavisi gonebisyoveldRiuri yofa _ SeiZleba Sevadar-oT wignis im Tavs, romlis mixedviTacaRvniSnavT misi, rogorc mxatvris, WeS-marit dabadebas. uitmeni mogvianebiTcdilobda aRewera masSi aRZruli ganc-da, roca pirvelad werda leqss, `simR-era Cem Sesaxeb~, Tu rogor moeCvena masSemdgom, rom leqsi TiTqos erTgvaritransidan warmoiSva, Tu rogor`grZnobda Tavs, leqsze Cafiqrebuli,Cafiqrebuli Tavis rolze am leqsSi,somnabulistad, visac RviZilis drosaCveneben Tavbrudamxvev simaRleebs da

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gamouval situaciebs, rac mSvidad ga-moscada ZilSi~. aRwera imisa, Tu rogoreCveneboda, rom misi Semoqmedebis wame-bi misi nebis sferos sazRvarTa miRmaiyo, SeiZleba gacilebiT zustad Seesa-bamebodes axlaxan motanil striqonebs,TiTqmis uneblied rom aris dawerili.

Tu SevadarebT bodleris moTxovnas,rom poeti erTdroulad unda iyos hip-nozistica da somnabulistic, uitmeniZalze xSirad mxolod somnabulistigaxldaT. mecxramete saukunis poeziiserTi udidesi dilemaTagani gaxlavTganxeTqileba poeziis rolis am or naxe-vars Soris. erTi ukiduresobaa suinber-ni, dawmendili, hipnoturi bgerebis os-tati, rasac mxars umagrebs fsiqo-logiuri Tu sulieri siRrme. mis axlosdgas tenisoni, vis umSvenieres mraval-sityvaobaSi~ uitmens SeeZlo daenaxagafrTxileba, rac man ukuagdo, TumcasaerTod afasebda laureats, rogorc`poeturi naRebis mdRvebavs Cveni droismelodiisa, apaTiursa da gawkriale-buls~. magram sawinaaRmdego poluszerom moTavsda, uitmenma moxerxebuladamoagdo Tavisi nawerebidan is, rac ie-itsma mogvianebiT kvlav moiTxova _ si-tyvaTa mowesrigebuli mxare da sazomiìmdenad zusti, rom daxvewili yuridaepyro~.

da mainc, misi somnabulizmi didi gan-Zi gaxldaT, radgan nebas aZlevda Se-Wriliyo aracnobieri gonebis nakadeb-Si da SeaZlebinebda gaezoma emociuriZalebis uaRresad didi siRrme, rac misidrois mweralTa umetesobas ar SeeZlo.misma pirvelma, mTeli ZaliT ganxor-cielebulma mcdelobam, es Zalebi si-tyvebSi gadaetana, rogorc `mZinareeb-Sia~, imis Secnobamde miiyvana, rom `mx-olod axirebuli arapirdapirobiT Sei-Zleba mivaRwioT sulieri msofliosromelime gamovlenas~. uitmeni mivida imdaskvnamde, rom mis CanawerTa rveuliscarieli ritorika ar Seesabamebodaimas, rom mTeli gamocdileba moecva. manufro naTlad gamoxata, Tu rogor miwv-da sxva mniSvnelobebs, ubralo azrismiRma mdebare mniSvnelobebs:

ùbralo maswavleblebi an kritiko-sebi mudam kiTxuloben: ras niSnavs es?~Cinebuli musikosis simfonia, mzis Casv-la an talRebis tylaSuni napirze _ ra

igulisxmeba? ueWvelia, yvelaze ufrodaxvewil-miuwvdomeli azriT, isini ra-Racas gamoxataven _ iseve, rogorc siy-varuli, religia da saukeTeso leqsi;magram vis SeuZlia Caswvdes da gan-sazRvros, risi Tqma surT? (me arc ve-lurobis gamarTlebas vcdilob amiT daarc Smagi sicelqisas _ aramed sulisxSiri sixarulis gamarTleba msurs, sa-dac verc inteleqtualur nawils gamo-arCev da verc angariSs)~.

raRac am grZnobismagvari iyo mud-mivi nayofi transcendenturi kon-cefciisa, rom idea yovelTvis ufrodiadia, vidre misi gamoxatuleba. amg-vari tkboba SeiZleba gaifantos mx-olod atmosferosa da STagonebis siy-varuliT, radgan roca uitmeni SeniSnav-da ùdidesi poeturi qmnilebani mx-olod Tavisufal safexurebad unda miv-iCnioT; roca RamiT varskvlavebsSevyurebT, pirdapir ki ar vicqirebiT,aramed romelime kuTxidan vumzerTo~,rac ar unda iyos, Tavisi Tavis Semowme-ba am CarTuli gamoTqmiT gviCvenebs, Tura kargad esmis mdare romantikuliszedmetoba da exmareba ganaviTarosmravaljer ganmeorebuli debuleba,rom leqsebiT surda gamoexata iseTi`daxvewili arapirdapiroba~, rasaczRvis moZraoba STaagonebda. es ara-pirdapiroba aris gamocdilebis erTg-vari gawelva, rac simbolos daniSnule-baa; da uitmenis saukeTeso leqsebSi amg-vari leqsebi sami analogiis Serwymasaxdens. misi deklamirebuli simRera,musikisaken rom iltvis, iseTi xdeba,tylaSunSi ejibreba talRebs `Seus-venebliv rom dagoraven, rigrigobiTaRimarTebian da eSvebian~. amgvar Serw-ymas aRwevs mravali sxvadasxva TemisdamuSavebisas, magram erTi nimuSi mTli-anad warmoaCens mTels Cems mcdelobas,vaCveno uitmeniseuli leqsis normati-uli aRwera. esaa _ erT-erTi im leqsTa-gani, ganwyobilebis Sesaqmnelad sana-piros rom iyenebs, Tumca siuJeti zRvasar exeba:

RamiT, napirzedgas gogona mamasTan erTadda Semodgomis zecas Sescqeris.zeviT, ukunSibneli Rrublebi cas zviadad Semoswolian

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da axla mZimed micuraven aRmosavleTiT,iq, sadac kidev darCenila naTeli zoli,sadac brwyinvalebs varskvlavi-mefe _ mSvidi muSTari,da xomlis Zmani curaven saTnod.

gogonas SiSiT Cauvlia mamisTvis xeli,Sescqeris Rrublebs,mTel qveyanas rom bnelSi CanTqmiT emuqrebian,Sescqeris Cumad da aseve Cumad qviTinebs.nu stiri, kargo,nu qviTineb, Cemo gogoni,modi, amboriT SegiSrob cremlebs.bneli Rrublebi imefeben mcire Jams mxolod,da varskvlavebis Casvenebac moCvenebaa.da igi mxolod Cven gvezmaneba.aRmobrwyindeba kvlav muSTari _ elode oRondda mSvidi xomlic usaTuod aRmobrwyindeba.ukvdav arian es oqros da vercxlis mTiebni, isini isev ielvareben.didi mTiebni da patarebi, isini isev ielvareben, gasZleben mainc,dausabamo ukvdavi mzeni da es mTvareni, fiqrianni, usasruloni.isini isev ielvareben.

da Cemo kargo, Cemo gogoni,gana Sen stiri muSTarze mxolodda swuxxar marto varskvlavebis dasamarebas?aris erTi ram _me ganugeSeb bageT alersiT da giCurCulebda qaragmebiT gaxvedreb mxolod,aris erTi ram _ varskvlavebze metad ukvdavi,gaivlis Jami da mas gayveba kidev bevri dasamareba.da is erTi ram darCeba qveynadufro xangrZlivad, vidre muSTari,ufro xangrZlivad vidre didi mzeda xomlis Zmebze ufro xangrZlivad. (Targmani lana RoRoberiZisa)

aq uitmeniseuli gansxvaveba reCita-tivsa da arias Soris adgils uTmobsbunebriv gansxvavebas Ria aRwerasa damamis sityvebs Soris, bavSvs rom eubne-

ba, riTac meoTxe strofi iwyeba. reCita-tivi SemosazRvrulia im CarCos~ stru-qturiT, rac ase Zlier uyvarda uitmens,ukanaskneli sami striqoni sxvadasxvavariaciiTa da gagrZelebiT imeorebspirveli samis Sinaarss da, amgvarad,mTelis Sekvras emsaxureba. Sua, cen-traluri nawyveti (`zeviT, ukunSi~ dasxva) niSandoblivi magaliTia imisa, romuitmens swamda, okeanis efeqtisaTvismibaZva SemiZliao. am Svid striqons aqvs`orive, gagrZelebulobac da damo-ukideblobac~, de selinqorTis sityve-bi rom moviSvelioT; da iolad Segvi-Zlia es striqonebi talRis qoCorTamiyolebad warmovidginoT, zogi didad,zogic mcired, bolos uecrad rommTavrdebian ukanaskneli talRis tyla-SunTan erTad. sityva Pleiades (xomli)Txevadi bgera moxerxebulad maRldebaim msgavs xmovanTa da TanxmovanTa meS-veobiT, romelnic win uswreben am sity-vas; roca muSTaris mbrZaneblur elf-ers, mTel poemaSi brwyinvalebis simbo-los rom warmoadgens, neli ritmi ani-Webs simkveTres.

arsebobs mkafio nimuSi imisa, Turogor eZleva poets STagoneba da meresaxes rogor ucvlis. es nimuSi aris uit-menis erT-erT prozaul CanawerSi, oq-tombris Rames rom eZRvneba, roca igigaaogna muSTaris brwyinvalebam daZvelinduri poemis es striqonebi gaax-sena:

TeTr samosSi gamowyobili,mrgval da sufTa arenaze nela Semovida bramini,xelSi patara bavSvi eWira,mTvares hgavda muSTarTan erTad, uRrublo, Rameul caze.

is rom `rCeulni dRenis~ es nawili1876 wels daiwera, leqsis, `RamiT, na-pirze~, daweridan xuTi wlis Semdeg, na-kleb safiqrebels xdis, rom uitmens esinduri striqonebi gacilebiT adrescodnoda, an imas, rom es striqonebiyofiliyo biZgi uitmenisaTvis, asoci-aciuri kavSirisa amomaval planetebsada bavSvian kacs Soris.

aria warmoiSoba aSkarad Tea-traluri situaciidan, amdenad, bneliRrublebis gamo bavSvis tirilis ms-

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gavseba ariasTan sakmaod gazviadebu-lia. magram rogorc es xSirad xdeba op-eraSi, radgan aq pirobiToba nebadarT-ulia, am striqonebidan aRZruli emociaWeSmaritia da STambeWdavi. saflavis-feri (epiTeti am saxiT qarTul Targman-Si ar aris _ mTargm.) Rrublebisa da si-naTlis simboloSi, zeimiT rom ama-Rldeba Rrublebs zemoT, sakmaodgamokveTiladaa warmoCenili adamianiskavSiri usazRvrobasTan, rac wvdomismiRma dgas, magram patara gogonaSeigrZnobs. amgvari gaRviZeba elementa-ruli cnobierebisa, is mdgomareobaa,risi daxatvac uitmens yvelaze dama-jereblad SeeZlo, radgan is enaTesave-ba martiv, naxevradmowiful grZnobebs,rac misTvis Cveuli gaxldaT. misi niWiam cnobierebis xatvisas eyrdnoba ufrovrcelsa da uxv efeqts, vidre raimedamxmare ostatobas. man, SesaZloa,zedapirulad aRweros varskvlavebi,`rogorc oqrosferi da vercxlisferi~,magram iqve ganicdis didebul aRmafre-nas, `diadi ukvdavi mzeebiTa da maradi-uli, sevdiani mTvareebiT~. garda amisa,misi uxeSi Secdoma, iseTi arqauli poet-izmis gamoyenebisas, rogoricaa consid-erest thou (nuTu ggonia) (am saxiT arc esgamoTqmaa qarTul TargmanSi _mTargm.), gamosyidulia daxvewili gam-WriaxobiT, roca ise, rom zRvas ar ax-seneb, SegiZlia gadmosce misi damamS-videbeli, moCurCule xma, mamis xmasTanerTad. amgvarad, igi ufro metad

aaSkaravebs bunebis mudmiv kanonebs,zRvisa da varskvlavebis gamZleobas.mudmivobac, agreTve, is uZlieresi niSa-nia, romliTac mama _ da igi ara martobavSvisa, aramed kacobriobis mamac aris_ irwmuneba, rom suli bunebis fenom-enze didxans gaZlebs. gza, romliTacuitmenis striqonebi ganagrZobs talRa-Ta monacvleobis miniSnebas da as-rulebs Tematur ganmeorebas, rac ukav-Sirdeba ariasa da reCitativs, iseTivemelodiurobiT, rasac sazomi gad-moscemda, poeturi koncefciismTlianobis aRmniSvnelia, sadamdec igiTavisma analogiebma miiyvana.

SeniSvnebi:1. `amerikuli ritmi~.2. romeo da julietas~ striqonTa es

reminiscencia _ `Ramis lamprebiCaiferflen da ganTiadi nislian mwver-vals fexakrefiT uaxlovdeba~ (Targ-mani vaxtang WeliZisa) _ erT-erTi das-turia imisa, rom uitmeni Seqspirs kiTx-ulobda. SesaZloa, multitudious (ricxvm-ravali) da sxva mJReri arqauli sityve-bi `balaxis foTlebSi~ _ ostent (qadi-li), vagrum (TavSesaqcevi), alarum (sagan-gaSo), rondare (wre) _ mas Seqspiris pieseb-ma STaagona. ix. rebeka koi, `uitmenisstili~ (texasis universitetis Sromebi,t. XVI, gv. 125-137).

inglisuridan Targmnes paata da rostom CxeiZeebma

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t. tabiZes (676)12 oqtomberi,1933. moskovi12.X. 33Zvirfaso tician!

madlobeli var Tqvni gamoxmaurebi-saTvis. man Cemamde paolosa da elefT-eris1 meSveobiT moaRwia. vgoneb, vxvde-bi, amas ase SemovliTi gzebiT ratomacsCadixarT da mzad var, delikaturobi-saTvis madloba gadagixadoT.

Cemi mdgomareoba gacilebiT martiviiqneboda, zinaida da evgenia erTmaneTsrom icnobdnen. erTaderTi, rac cxovre-bas mirTulebs, maT mier erTmaneTissruli ugulebelyofaa. amJamad me dazina mSvenivrad vcxovrobT misi dauRa-lavi Sromis xarjze.mivediT im daskvnam-de, rom mosamsaxuris gareSe saxlSi metisimSvide da harmonia iqneboda. aravi-Tari drama, araviTari meryeoba. da al-baT, is ukanaskneli winaaRmdegobanic,romlebic Cems umTavres sazrunavs ma-Sorebs, droTa ganmavlobaSi mogvarde-ba. zinam Tavis droze imdeni ram gada-itana, rom savsebiT mesmis misi sifrTx-ile da vamarTleb. aqac, iseve, rogorcyvelaferSi, dro saswaulmoqmedi aR-moCndeba.

boris basternaki

werilebirogorc unda Seicvalos evgenias

cxovreba, yovelTvis gulTan axlos miv-itan imas, rac mis Tavs xdeba.amas Tqven,albaT, Cemi werilis gareSec mixvde-bodiT. Tumca ar Rirs aqedan mcdaridaskvnebis gamotana. araviTari saidum-lo ar meqneboda zinasgan damaluli, igiTavad rom ar aqcevdes maT zurgs.amasTanave, SeuZlebelia evgeniasTan zi-naze saubari.

kargs izamdiT, tician, Tuki ise mom-werdiT, rom e. v. -s mogzaurobas2 ar ax-senebdiT.

nuTu marTla mogwonT Cemi Targmane-bi? neba miboZeT, eWvi Sevitano amaSi: neb-ismieri Targmani, kargic da cudic, erT-gvari Zaladobaa dedanze, upirvelesyovlisa ki _ Cemi Targmanebi. albaT,savsebiT vaugvanoeb Tqvens Semoqmede-bas, vinaidan nebismier xelovans Semo-qmedebis procesSi uyalibdeba myari si-tyvaTSeTanxmebis sakuTari idea, romel-ic Cems SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebiT uxe-Sia: masSi bevria diletanturi, cxovre-basTan cudad Serwymuli. banalurobisgamo igi ver gascda imas, rasac hqvia nad-sonovSCina, apuxtinovSCina, eseninovSCi-na, rodesac am poetebisgan iReben yve-laze susts sxvaTa naklis aRsaniSnad. esyovelive mSvenivrad vici, Tumca amiTmxolod Tqveni da paolos SemoqmedebisCemeuli Targmanebi rodi gamoirCeva,

1. elefTer andronikaSvili, fizikosi, Zmairakli andronikaSvilisa (Борис Пастернак –Полное собрание сочинений с приложениями,В одинадцаты томах - werilebic da komentar-ebic naTargmnia am krebulidan (VIII-IX tome-bi).

2. igulisxmeba e. pasternakis saSemodgo-mo mogzauroba kavkasiaSi.

??????????".

redaqcia iwyebs boris pasternakis mierqarTveli adresatebisadmi miwerili wer-ilebis srul Targmanebs.

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aseTia mTeli Cemi erTtomeuli.xolo racSeexeba Cems naSromebSi daS-

vebul uzustobas, aq Cemi danaSauli ram-denadme Semsubuqdeba, Tuki krebulsdavarqmev `qarTveli poetebidan~3 (изгрузинских поэтов), e. i. saTaurSi gakeTe-buli aqcenti srulyofilad gadmocemispretenziidan gadainacvlebs wyaroze,saidanac momdinareobs es mcdelobani.saTauris wyalobiT Cemi sindisic damS-videbuli iqneba.

arsebobs haines `Ich grolle nicht~-is4 an-enskiseuli Targmani. SesaZloa, ufrozustadac uTargmniaT haine, magram CemssmenaSi mxolod es Targmani cocxlobsda igi meCveneba yvelaze ufro zustad,imitom, rom igi miyvars. igi, rogorccocxali organizmi, sxvadasxva dros sx-vadasxvanairia, iseve, rogorc hainesoriginali da swored amaSia maTiumTavresi msgavseba.

asea Tu ise, aq Tqven saocari mowone-ba daimsaxureT da almanax «Год XVI»-isme-3 nomerSi daibeWdeba Tqveni leqsebi.paolos leqsebi jer ar mimicia gamom-cemlobisTvis. xval gadavcem, aRar dav-elodebi paolos axsna-ganmartebebs imor-sam adgilTan dakavSirebiT, rom-lebic kargad ver gavige. magram vercguSin da verc dRes telefonTan verdaviWire da albaT, JRents gavugzavni daadgilobriv redaqcias Cavabareb imaRniSnuli, gaugebari adgilebianad,romlebic SeiZleba gaswordes anawy-obebSi. JRents Tu naxavT, gadaeciT, romSeiZleba koreqtura damWirdes.

nu gagikvirdebaT, tician, erTgvarigaoreba Cems winandelsa da am werilsSoris: araviTari winaaRmdegobrioba ararsebobs maT Soris. madlierebis mozR-vaveba, romelic CemSi gamoiwvieT, gagr-Zelebis gareSe ar darCenila. cxovreb-is saswauli ZalaSi rCeba, arc erTiwuTiT ar wyvets arsebobas da makav-Sirebs TqvenTan da ninasTan Cemi arsebo-bis yvela aspeqtiT. momwereT valxonka-

ze, sadac Targmnas `gaveqeci~. me da pa-olom movilaparakeT, erTad Camov-suliyaviT Tvis bolos, Tumca sicivemaSinebs, amitom, albaT ar wamoval.

zina xSirad saubrobs Tqvenze daZalian uyvarxarT Tqvenc da ninac. Targ-manTa wakiTxvam xelaxla agviSala mog-onebani. moikiTxe Tu ara Cems magivrad,rodesac Targmanebs ugzavnidio _mkiTxa. Tu es ar gamikeTebia, maS, neba mi-boZeT, axla gamovasworo Secdoma.

gkocniT.Tqveni b.p.

677. b. JRents16 oqtomberi, 1933, moskovi16.X.33Zvirfaso amxanago JRenti!Sevudeqi Tanamedrve qarTvel poet-

Ta Targmnas. Tuki Tqveni JurnalisTvis`amierkavkasiis literatura da xelov-neba~ gamodgeba TandarTuli es oTxiTargmani (sami t. tabiZidan da erTip.iaSvilidan5), maSin inebeT.Tu am Targ-manebisTvis raime honorari mergeba, dae,igi mTlianad moxmardes im mravalaTasi-ani valis dafarvas, romlis ticiani-saTvis dabrunebac ver movaxerxe am orwelSi. ufro meti paolosi mmarTebs,Tumca imas Semdgomi publikaciebiTgavistumreb.

amxanago beso! Tu Ciqovanis leqsebisvaneTze (maT Soris erTi poema6) ar arisnaTargmni, sTxoveT momimzadon saTarg-mnelad. ticiani auxsnis, rogori pwkare-di mWirdeba (maxvilebianad, romlebicTqvens enas ar aqvs). masalis momzadebisTxovna mxolod Ciqovans rodi exeba,aramed _ yvela poets, romelTa siasSeadgenT ticianTan da CiqovanTan er-Tad. krebulSi Seva 2000 striqoni da vaJafSavelas erTi poema. wigni daiwyeba ampoemiT da igi 1000 striqons daikavebs7.Tumca amas mxolod axla Sevudeqi da Cemi

3. pasternakis Targmanebis es krebuligamovida saxelwodebiT `qarTveli liriko-sebi”.

4. igulisxmeba haines anenskiseuli Targ-mani «Я всё простил: простить достало сил,/ Тыбольше не моя, но я простил./ Он для других,алмазный этот свет,/ В твоей душе ни точкисветлой нет».

5. werils erTvoda paolo iaSvilis leq-sis lenini~ Targmani da t. tabiZis me ar vwerleqsebs, leqsi TviTon mwers...~, `Tu Cemi Zmaxar...~, «Иду со стороны черкесской».

6. saubaria poemaze komkavSiri uSgulSi~,romelic maleve iTargmna da gamoqveynda«Молодая гвардия»-s me-2 nomerSi, 1934 wels.

7. vaJa - fSavelas poema `gvelismWameli~calke wignad gamovida TbilisSi 1934 wels,Semdeg Sevida vaJa fSavelas krebulSi `poe-mebi~, 1935.

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prozis paralelurad vimuSaveb. aq amkrebuliT Zalian arian dainterese-bulni. ticianma Zalze didi STabeWd-ileba moaxdina almanax «Год XVI»-isgorkiseul redaqciaSi, sadac daibeWd-eba misi leqsebi. es ra poeti aRmogviCi-neT!~ -meubnebodnen8. SesaniSnavia pao-los es leqsi, amaze ufro cocxali dadidebuli leninis sikvdilze araferiwamikiTxavs.

giwvdiT megobrobis xels. gisurvebTyovelive saukeTesos. mokiTxva mego-brebs. iCqareT pasuxis mowera.

Tqveni b. pasternaki

679. t. tabiZes23 oqtomberi, 1933, moskovi23.X.33Zvirfaso tician.rogorc vapirebdi, ise ver moxerxde-

ba, paolosTan erTad ver wamoval. Sesa-Zloa, im brigadas SevuerTde, romelicnoembris dasawyisSi apirebs TbilisSiwamosvlas9. Tumca esec saeWvoa. amasoba-Si, xeli movawere xelSekrulebas Targ-manebis krebulze, ris Sesaxebac, mgonimogwereT kidec10. seriozulad ma-fiqrebs am wignis bedi. igi ianvris bo-losTvis unda Cavabaro. samuSaos ad-vilad gavarTmevdi Tavs, ena rom vicodeda Tavad TargmanTa moSvelieba armWirdebodes.

paolo aq Zalian dakavebuli iyo damxolod umniSvnelo nawilis mocema Se-Zlo iqidan, rac me vTxove11. vaJa -fSave-las gvelismWamelis~ prozauli Targm-na daiwyo, magram bolomde ver miiyvana.imis garda, rac JRents gavugzavne, pa-olosgan meti veraferi miviRe. arc va-danaSauleb, aqamde rionhesTan dakav-

Sirebuli saqmeebiT iyo dakavebuli12.amasTan, Cemma samuSaom CemTvis iseTimniSvnelovani adamianis winaSe, rogor-icaa paolo, Camayena CemTvis uCveulo daautanel mdgomareobaSi da abezar mTx-ovnelad maqcia. vSiSob, momavalSi vi-Tareba garTuldeba da gauaresdeba,ramdenadac saqme damakavSirebs savsebiTucxo adamianebTan: TqvenTvis da pa-olosTvis, adamianebisaTvis, romlebicaseTi Zvirfasni xarT CemTvis, SemiZliaTavi Cavigdo droebiT uxerxul an Tun-dac gaurkvevel mdgomareobaSi im imed-iT, rom momavalSi am gaurkvevlobasnaTeli moefineba. sxvebisTvis ki amasver vizam.

mindoda meTargmna vaJa-fSavela, pa-olo, Tqven, griSaSvili, leoniZe, na-diraZe (miwiSvili, Tuki wers leqsebs),Ciqovani, aseve galaktion tabiZe da gri-SaSvili. amaTTan erTad, paolo mirCev-da, SanSiaSvilis, abaSelis, lorTqi-faniZis, kalaZisa da maSaSvilis Targm-nas. maTgan pwkaredebis miReba damWird-eba, Tanac saswrafod. am yvelaferma Ce-mamde noembris TveSi unda moaRwios. xe-lSekrulebidan gamomdinare, imis Targ-mnas, rac dagvianebiT iqneba gamogzavni-li, ver SevZleb. ar minda vinmes Tavi mov-abezro da ar vici, ramdenad gamarTle-bulia Cemi saqcieli, magram sworedTqven mogandobT am saqmes, e.i. gTxovT,damexmaroT pwkaredebis mopovebaSiCamoTvlilTagan mxolod im poetebi-sgan, romlebTanac es ufro martivadmoxerxdeba. tician, Tqven kargad mogex-senebaT, rogori pwkaredebi mWirdeba.marTalia qarTul enaSi maxvili ar aris,magram umorCilesad gTxovT, aRminiS-noT, Tundac pirobiTad, rogor ikiTxe-ba leqsi. magaliTad, me arasdros gami-gia eTqvaT ta’biZe an tabiZe’, yovelTvisamboben tabi’Ze. aseve, Tqven kiTxulobT:le’qsebi da ara leqse’bi an leqsebi’. ma-galiTad, maxvili ar aris Zvel berZnul-Sic. magram erTmaneTisagan gansxvavde-ba grZeli da mokle xmovnebi, ris Sede-gadac viRebT srul Sesabamisobas imas-Tan, rasac axal enebSi maxvili ewodeba.magaliTad, odiseas pirveli striqoni

8. miuxedavad am didi STabeWdilebisa,aRniSnul almanaxSi ticianis leqsebis gamo-qveyneba ver moxerxda.

9. pasternaki saqarTveloSi Camovida mw-eralTa kavSiris saorganizacio komitetisbrigadasTan erTad 1933 wlis 17 noembers.

10. xelSekruleba gamomcemlobasTan`moskovis mweralTa amxanagoba~ TanamedroveqarTvel poetTa Targmanebis krebulze xel-moweril iqna 1933 wels. wigni gamovida sax-elwodebiT `qarTveli lirikosebi~ 1935wels.

11. saubaria pwkaredebze, romelTa gare-Sec pasternaki ver Targmnida.

12. eleqtrosadguris mSenebloba mdinarerionze.

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Semdegnairad ikiTxeba: a’ndra moio’ppere mu’za polu’tropon po’s malapo’lla13 _ gamodis hegzametri. maxviliar iyo arc laTinurSi. gwerT, gwerT daucbad maxsendeba, rom maxvili ara mar-to iyo laTinur da berZnul enebSi,aramed am ukanasknelSi maxvilTa 3 gra-dacia iyo da amdenad, mTavari iyo, romleqsTwyoba xelmZRvanelobda ara max-vilebiT, aramed marcvalTa sigrZe-simo-kliT. sxvagvarad getyviT. ubralodTavi warmoidgineT rusi mTargmnelisadgilas da rusuli enisa da leqsis Tqve-neuli codnis daxmarebiT mieciT masnaTeli miTiTebani sazomis sawarmoe-blad. sxvagvarad Cemi Targmanebi iqcevaTviTnebobis sferod, rogorc es moxdaTqvensa da paolos SemTxvevaSi, rac arunda sawinaaRmdego mimtkicos paolom,e.i. marwmunos, rom sazomi pirwmindadaaSenarCunebuli. me mxolod sazomis ideaSevqmeni mosmenilis mixedviT, isic imi-tom, rom Tqven da paolom erTxel wami-kiTxeT es leqsebi da me mqonda amosava-li wertili, rac sxva SemTxvevebSi vermeqneba.

Zvirfaso tician, es Txovna TqvencgexebaT. kidev momeciT Tqveni ramdenimeleqsi. naTargmni Zalzed cotaa. sxva po-etebis SemTxvevaSi maTTvis uSualodmimarTvis SesaZleblobas moklebulivar (garda griSaSvilisa, nadiraZisa daleoniZisa) _ damexmareT am saqmeSi anuSualod, an JRentis meSveobiT.

sayvarelo tician, am Txovnas metjeraRar gagimeorebT, arc Tqven, arc pao-los, arc JRents. Tu noembris Sua ricx-vebisaTvis, an Cemi CamosvlisaTvis essaqme ar daiZvreba, es imis maniSnebeliiqneba, rom am mimarTlebiT Cemi muSaobaarasasurvelia.

gkocniT. mokiTxva Tqvens ojaxs.b.p.

688. t. tabiZes6 dekemberi, 1933. moskovi6.XI.33 (daTariRebaSi avtoriseuli

Secdomaa, unda iyos XII)Cemo Zvirfaso megobrebo, nina da

tician!ar vici, ra hqvia im maRlobs, ro-melzec gadian Tbilisis matareblebi.

igi moCanda Cveni fanjrebidan, rodesac`oriantSi~ vcxovrobdiT. xSirad vu-yurebdi mas, rodesac Tvals vadevnebdinela mocurave kvamls, romelic xan moe-fareboda qvis Sverilebs, xan isevgamoCndeboda. am kvamlis msgavsi manip-ulaciebi daviwye, rodesac Tqven da ko-rneevebi14 Sesaxvevs iqiT darCiT, ni-kolais da golcevs SeeZloT, daeniSnaTdro, Tu ramden xans vemSvidobebodi mis-aRebi oTaxis fanjridan saocar qalaqs.ramdeni movlena rCeboda samudamodkldeTa miRma, Tumca Semdgom isev Cnde-boda, amoizrdeboda ukve SeuZleblo-bidan, sruliad moulodnelad. da yove-live amis gamo rogor miZneldebodacremlebis Sekaveba. bednierebi xarT!bednierebi! ra didi sixaruliT gagicv-lidiT Cems xvedrs, ase rom ar miyvard-eT.

kriWaSekrulma vimgzavre sxva Tanamg-zavrebTan erTad. guliT udidesi simdi-dre momqonda, Tumca gamziarebeliaravin myavda: iq myofni xom Tqven ar gic-nobdnen, isini xom ar yofilan im saRamosleoniZesTan, ar daucavT lado SanSiaS-vilis Tavdasxmebisagan, ar uZebniaTyazbegis mTa nislian-burusian panorama-Si, romelic e. bedias15 terasidan iSle-boda. sacodavi ubirni, romelTac arav-iTari mizani da mowodeba ar gaaCniaTcxovrebaSi, vinaidan im sufrasTan armsxdaran, romelic matareblis gamosv-lamde erTi saaTiT adre gaiSala.

Cemo Zvirfasebo, advilad warmoid-genT, ramdenjer meqneboda dro daSemTxveva, xelaxla ganmecada ukve nanaxida gancdili. amisaTvis sakmarisi dromqonda miT ufro, rom moskovSi Casvla30 saaTiT davagvianeT. jer baqosTan 9saaTiT Segvayovna Tovlianma qarbuqma,Semdeg mahaCyalasTan videqiT mTeliRame momdevno gadasarbenze gancdilimarcxis gamo. Semdgom ise gvepyrobod-nen, rogorc ganrigidan amovardnilebsekadrebodaT: semaforebi mowyvetiT eS-veboda Cven win, mcire sadgurebze. daCemTvis sruliad cxadi xdeboda, romganrigidan amovvardi me da ara matare-

13. homerosis `iliadas” dasawyisi stri-qoni.

14. boris korneevi _ gamomcemloba«Заккнига»-s direqtori da misi coli sera-fima.

15. partiuli moRvawe.

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beli, imitom rom mTeli Cemi fiqrebiTviyavi ara gzaSi, aramed im dReTa Soris,romlebic TqvenTan gavatare.

da vinaidan imdeni sisulele giTx-ariT, rom maTi raodenoba xarisxSi gada-dis da iqceva uflebad, amgvaradve gan-vagrZo, imaSiRa gamogitydebiT, rom SindabrunebisTanave meloda Tavidan bo-lomde xelaxla,mTeli Tavisi drama-tizmiT, gancda imisa, rac zinasTan er-Tad ganvicade. Tumca amjerad es xde-boda mxolod ors Soris, mSvidobianTavSesafarSi, sadac aravin da araferigviSlida xels. ise rom, drodadro eWvimipyrobda, uadgilo xom ar iyo axaligacnobis es suleluri qarcecxli, vi-naidan igi ukve didi xania naRiarebia.

da ai, sruliad sxva Tema, wminda wyl-is sisuleleebis sferodan, `idiotiz-mis, rogorc aseTis~ nimuSebi.

inglisur da skandinaviur presaSidabeWdili depeSebis safuZvelze mamawerilSi sixaruls gamoTqvams Cemi mog-zaurobis gamo da.... milocavs (!). wau-kiTxavs, rom me vmeTaurobdi (!!) mweral-Ta eqspedicias, romelic imave matare-bliT Semdeg yirimSi gaemgzavra (!!!). ma-mas Zalian moswonebia Cemi sityva (!!!!),romelic TbilisSi warmovTqvi (!!!!!).

Cemo Zvirfasebo, Rirs ki amis Semdegcxovreba da muSaoba, rodesac TiToeu-li Cvengani, ise, rom amis araviTari sa-babi ar migvicia, ucbad aRmoCndes gaug-onari spekulaciis msxverpli, speku-laciisa, romelic ararealuria ara mxo-lod CvenTan mimarTebiT, aramedzogadad mTeli Tavisi arsiT, speku-laciisa, romelic Tavad ver garkveula,sad dajdes da dados Tavisi guguliskvercxi! alalbedze, sruliad SemTx-veviT (albT, ase yrian aeroplanebidanTesls mindvrebze) xdeba aJiotaJi-saTvis obieqtebis SerCeva da adamiani,romelsac surs icxovros TavisTvis, sa-birJo zRaparSi amoyofs Tavs. CemsSemTxvevaSi es kidev ufro gulisamreviaimitom, rom yvelaferi Cem mier namd-vilad gakeTebuli sanaxevrod aris dam-Zimebuliyalbi legendiT: `TbilisSiwarmoTqmul sityvebad~ da `yirimulmogzaurobad~ xom ar iyofa is naxevari,rac namdvilad iyo?

ex, tician, rogor minda vicode, mTe-li sicxadiT, vin var da ras warmovadgen,raTa sasamarTlo procesze nivTmtkice-bulebebiT SeiaraRebuli warvsdge! zi-

nas am kiTxvaze Tavisi pasuxi aqvs. igi,rogorc dainteresebuli piri, fiqrobs,rom usaqmuri var da eWvqveS ayenebs Cvensmomaval Tanacxovrebas im SemTxvevaSi,Tu, bolos da bolos, kvlav ar Sevudge-bi muSaobas.

Tumca mTlad marTalic ar aris zina,radgan mosiyvarule buneba, is erTader-Ti, rac namdvilad vici, rom maxasiaTebs,imdenad didia CemSi, rom saqmis da mgoniprofesis Semcvlelic xdeba.

miCveva adgilebze, dRis romelimemonakveTze, xeebze, adamianebze, sulTaistoriebze, romelTa gadmocemac armWirdeba, vinaidan maT Sesaxeb dumilicki Zalzed simboluri, Tumca mzad varxolme maTi saTqmeli gadmovce _ ro-gorRac ara mamakacurad, suleluradmiCveva is erTaderTia, rac vici da Semi-Zlia.

mokiTxvebs Soris, romelTac axlagabarebT, aris erTi _ Tqven iciT _romlis gaformebac ar ZalmiZs, imdenadcocxali da namdvilia igi: gulmxurvalesalams vuZRvni poet leoniZes da mispoezias, mis cols, mis beds, mis saxls16.Tavs vaiZuleb viyo kidev ufro zusti:salams vuZRvni bavSvur naperwkals,romelic gamokrTis misi xelidan da xe-lnaweridan, misi sulidan da mis Svile-bze gadmoedineba. me vsaubrob ara bavS-vobis im yalb, rafaelizebul da gadam-laSebul warmodgenebze, romlebic kan-fetis yuTebzea gamosaxuli mxolod dasinamdvileSi ar arsebobs, aramed bavS-vur gulubryvilobaze, Wirveulobasada ususurobaze, mis eleqtrogamtar-obaze. bavSvobis unarze, aagos samyarosaTamaSoebiT da daiRupos quCis gada-kveTisas. bavSvis sanaxaobaze Sors wasu-li cxovrebis SuagulSi, cxovrebisa,romelsac igi umklavdeba bavSvurad,martivad, uTavbolod, mardad dadaucvelad. es mokiTxva imdenad Zneladgasagebia, rom amaze ukeT gadmocema Seu-Zlebelia.

zaicevisgan Sevityve, rom borisis17

16. leoniZesTan da mis meuRlesTan 1933wels SexvedriT miRebuli STabeWdilebebiaisaxa pasternakis leqsSi «Как-то в сумеркиТифлиса...», romelsac Tavdapirvelad gior-gi leoniZisadmi miZRvna hqonda.

17. andrei beli avad gaxda 1933 wlis iv-lisSi, dekembris dasawyisSi saavadmyofoSigadaiyvanes, sadac 1934 wlis 9 ianvars gar-daicvala. zaicevi - misi uaxloesi megobarida mdivani.

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mdgomareoba gauaresda, loginadaa,Tumca saSiSi araferia. gamovida«Рубеж»-is gagrZeleba, misi mogonebe-bis18 meore tomi. male vinaxuleb. TqvenimokiTxva zaicevis meSveobiT gadaveci.

akoceT Cems magivrad nitas, TavsgaufrTxildiT da rac SeiZleba malegvestumreT. mouTmenlad veli tixonovsda pavlenkos, raTa gavigo, mere ra mox-da. maTi monaTxrobis saSualebiT Tval-win warmomidgebiT da kvlav TqvenTanviqnebi. rogorc samxreTidan moaqvTxolme namzeuri, ise wamoviRe TqvenganwuTieri anarekli yovelive imisa, racmoxda da gaielva Cem Tvalwin da TiTqosigi unda gamqraliyo da daviwyebas mis-cemoda, magram iaSvilis Tqmisa ar iyos,iqca mxatvarsa da mis sayvarel fersSoris arsebul megobrobad da aRarmtovebs. gkocniT, tician.

muSaobiT Tu muSaobT, tician? ro-gorc ki Tqvengan da leoniZisgan miviRebpwkaredebs, xels aRar movkideb imaT,romlebic ukve miviRe sxvebisgan _ mo-sawyenia.

701. v. gafrindaSvils2 ivlisi, 1934, odoevi2.VII.34Zvirfaso valerian! gkocni da gexvevi

amjerad odoevadan, sadac didi gaWirve-bis Semdeg guSin Zlivs CamovaRwieT.dRes miviRe Tqveni werili, rom-lisTvisac did madlobas mogaxsenebT.didad madlobeli var imisTvisac, romar damimaleT Tqveni gakvirveba vaJa _fSavelas erT-erT pirvel striqonTandakavSirebiT. rogorc Cans, beWdviTiSecdomaa da mikvirs, rogor gamepara.unda iyos: внимая из каждой строки19 daara «их», rogorc Tqven mwerT, daTu esme marTlac gamomrCa, umorCilesad gTx-

ovT es Sesworeba SeitanoT orive egzem-plarSi. albaT aris kidev sxva gaparulibeWdvuri Secdomebi. kargi iqneboda,Tuki foliani gamomigzavnida Cemamdevinmes mier Sesworebul sul bolokoreqturas.aq saocrad Tvalwarmtacigaremoa, dasasvenebeli saxlis gamgeebida xelmZRvanelebi araCveulebrivixalxia, magram, rasakvirvelia, saxli veriqneba geografiuli gamonaklisi qveynissaerTo cxovrebidan da amgvarad yve-laferi awyobili ar aris. gexveviT. mok-iTxva yvelas.

b.p.

716. n. da t. tabiZeebs8 dekemberi, 1934, moskoviCemo Zvirfasebo, nina da tician!rodesac miviRe is saRamos magida

konvertSi, werils werilze gwerdiT. ox,iseTi Zvirfasebi xarT orive! magram Cvenxom kidev Zalian bevr saerTos gamovnax-avT cxovrebaSi da kidev didxans daufro Zalumad vicxovrebT erTmaneTiT,ara? maS, ra saWiroa erTmaneTisaTviswerilebis wera.

oRondac am Cems kabalas, am prozasdavaRwevde Tavs. grZeli ambavia, ratomvaCqareb mas ase.

rodesac me Tqven axloblebs, Zvir-fasebs, suliT monaTesaveebs giwodebT,es fuWi sityvebi rodia. roca Camox-valT, klavdias20 hkiTxeT.

gamougzavnel werilebSi Cems TavzegwerdiT. gwerdiT, sulSi TiTqos we-boTi savse boTli maqvs-meTqi, romliserTinawilic mxolod saukeTesos ikravsimaTgan, rac ganmicdia. im werilebSiCamogiTvaleT yovelive is, rasTanacTqven xarT dakavSirebulni: rolanTan,Cems ufros dasTan, axlandel revolu-ciur germaniasTan, romelic rilkes nam-dvili gagrZelebaa da a.S. da ucbad Tav-Si damkra, rom TqvenTvis, nina, amgvarifiqrTa mdinareba, gaugebari iqneba, vi-naidan aseTi cocxali boTli _ ticiani

18. 1933 wlis noemberSi gamovida a. belismogonebebi `saukunis dasawyisi~. pirvelitomi `ori saukunis mijnaze~ gamoica 1930 w.

19. v. gafrindaSvili akeTebda vaJa - fSave-las poemis pwkaredebs. saubaria poema`gvelismWamelis~ gamocemaze «Гослитиздат»-Si (1935). str.: 9-12: «Внимая из каждой строки/О чём-нибудь имени чтимом, / Покуривалистарики, / Как облаком – скрытые дымом». pas-ternaki beWdvuri Secdomebis Sesaxeb werdaaseve wignis redaqtors, v. golcevs 1934 wlis5 ivliss: warmoidgine, gafrindaSvilis wer-ilma momiswro aq. aRfrTovanebas gamoTqvams.Tumca es ar aris mTavari. mis mier gamoTqmu-li gaurkvevlobidan CemTvis cxadi gaxda,rom Cemi remingtoni moSlili iyo,es albaT

imis bralia, rom leoniZis saRamos arcTufxizeli viyavi. Secdoma `gvelismWamelis~pirvelive gverdzea. advili warmosadgenia,Semdeg ram SeiZleba iCinos Tavi! amdenad,roca aqeT wamosvlas daapireb, aucilebladwamomiyole Tundac Seni egzemplari, Cemi Sindavtove,- mapatie es Cemi gauTavebeli Tx-ovnebi. an iqneb im droisaTvis koreqturaukve iyos?~ (pasternaki `leoniZis saRamos~uwodebs Targmanis naCqarev sworebas le-oniZis TbilisSi gamgzavrebis wina dRes).

20. k. bugaeva - andrei belis meuRle.

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_ gyavT gverdiT. ticiani, romelic yve-laze Zlieri lirikosia. es me adrec vi-codi. magram igi CemTvis imdenad axlo-belia, rom ver vbedavdi amis bolomde-gacnobierebas, rogorc amas sakuTariTavis mimarT ver gavbedavdi. zogjer massruliad vwiravdi, rogorc sakuTarTavs, SeZlebT amis gagebas? unda genax-aT, ra moxda darbazSi, me masTan mivedi!nina, Tqveni ZaRlebiT21 ticiani iqnebamoskovuri wignis guli, igi gadaarCensmas22.

Tumca sakmarisia, sakmarisia. Toremase Tu gavagrZele, am werils gamogzav-na ar uweria.

rodesac `gvelismWameli~ wignis sax-iT vixile, sunTqva Semekra imis gamo, romar mqonda SesaZlebloba, meTqva Tu visvumadlodi am wigns. es efemiasaTvis23

unda meTqva.rodesac davbrundi, mTeli Tve Tval-

win medga yvela adgili, TbilisSi ga-tarebuli yvela wuTi da isini Cem mag-ivrad muSaobdnen. efemia ki am mogoneba-Ta Tanmdevi xateba iyo.

misTvis amis Tqma ar aris saWiro, CvengareSec icis es yovelive. ubralod icis,iseve, rogorc zinam, romelsac aras-dros araferi esmis.

gesmodes, es sul sxva ramaa, sul sxvasamyaro, sxva stili da cxovrebis sulsxva saxe. es arc adgilia, arc wami, arcTviT Tbilisi da SesaZloa dedamiwac kiara. es aris SemTxveviTobis mier naCu-qari istoriasTan miaxloebis SesaZle-bloba, es mis momavalSi monawileobisSesaZleblobaa, es aris vrceli romaniramdenime gansakuTrebiT bednieri, erTiazriT gaerTianebuli, saZRvrebdakar-guli TariRisa. es aris webo, romlisSesaxeb zemoTac iyo saubari, es me daTqven varT, es Cveni CaWidebuli xelebia.

gigzavni Cems zafxulis fotos,romelic ubralo odoevelma maswavle-belma gadaiRo, misi ar merideboda daamitom suraTi kargi gamovida.

gexveviT, tician. Tqveni b.

717. n. tabiZes14 dekemberi, 1934, moskovi14.XII.34Zvirfaso nina!Cemamde aRwevs xmebi, rom ticiani sa-

erTod ar ufrTxildeba janmrTelobas,rac Zalze maSfoTebs.

Jangos24 meuRle miyveboda, rom kvi-raSi erTi Rame Tu sZinavs da smaSi arCamorCeba amxanagebso. sadamde miiyvanses yovelive?

eniT auwerel tkivils mayenebs yove-live es. ticianze, rogorc pirovnebazeda rogorc poetze, mec da sxvebic aqZalian did imedebs vamyarebT. dae, sxveb-ma svan da aTenon Rameebi. ticians Cvenver davTmobT. Tuki magaliTebi gadamde-bia, maSin CvenTan gamoemgzavreT.

am sxvebSi miniSnebebs nu dauwyebTZebnas. es personalurad aravis mi-emarTeba (miT ufro goglas da paolos),vgulisxmob axal wres mTlianad.

arc ise didi xnis win, rodesac Cemsaxlo momavals gavyurebdi da vfiqrob-di imis Sesaxeb, Tu visTan erTad mindo-da am momavlis gaziareba, yvelaze metadticianze mefiqreboda.

romel imedis damyarebaze SeiZlebalaparaki maSin, roca me gansakuTrebuliinteresiT vekidebi sakuTar janmrTe-lobas, vzrunav Zilze da vcdilob mowe-vas Tavi davanebo, am dros igi Seuwynare-beli bavSvurobiT uRebs bolos sakuTarTavs.

iqneb droebiT dramiT an proziTdakavdes. es katorRaze uaresi da saSin-lad mosawyenia. amisaTvis mas dasWirde-ba sul sxva Zalebi, vidre lirikisaTvis.

albaT CemsaviT, aq kargs verc ticianidawers rames da am Zalebsac ver monax-avs, magram maT ZiebaSi imas mainc Seecde-ba, rom sufTa haeriT isunTqos, Tavisdroze dawves da zogjer, kuriozisTvismainc, fxizlad darCes.

aba, sxva ra unda movuxerxoT? momw-ereT, gTxovT, ra xdeba mis Tavs. rogorSeiZleba iyo aseTi nayofieri da damT-mobi. svamen, icinian mis iWvneulobaze _nuTu mas aseTi cota Zala da nebisyofaaqvs? nuTu ver xvdeba, rom isini uTanas-woro mdgomareobaSi arian? proletar-iats jaWvis meti araferi aqvs dasakar-gi, mas ki saaTic moepoveba.

momwereT, gTxovT, ramdenad Sorswavida misi dacema da gTxovT nu gamijav-rdebiT wina werilis gamo. ticians vex-vevi, akoceT nitas.

Tqveni b.

Targmna salome bedukaZem

21. t. tabiZis leqsi «сельская ночь» -«Дво-рняжки малые «тяв-тяв» на месяц в небе...»

22. b. pasternakis mier Targmnili«Грузинские лирики», 1935 w.

23. efemia leoniZe. mas eZRvneba stri-qonebi leqsidan «Как-то в сумерки Тифлиса...»:«Нас отбрасывала в детство/ Белокурая копна /В чёрном котике кокетства / и почти полусна...»(1936)

24. Jango RoRoberiZe - qarTveli poeti-futuristi

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don Juani anu cxovreba baironisa

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romani

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ogasta

is mudam mona iyo wamieri gaelvebisa...

gadawyvita, ledi da lordi oqs-fordebi gaecilebina navsadguramde,magram bolo wuTs uari Tqva, radgan dam,ogastam moswera, londonSi Camovdiva-ro. qali iZulebuli gaxda saxlidan gaq-ceuliyo, radgan didi usiamovnebebihqonda qmris finansebTan dakavSirebiT.`Cemo Zvirfaso ogasta, rom icodeT,Tqveni gulisTvis raze vTqvi uari, mog-zauroba iqiT iyos, aucileblad if-iqrebdiT, rom uCveulo daZmurmagrZnobam Semipyro...~.

rac inglisSi dabrunda, ogasta arunaxavs. qali siqs-mail-botomSi cx-ovrobda, qalaqgareT, niu-marketis ip-odromTan, sam bavSvze da fulad

gaWirvebaze fiqriT gadaRlili. misiqmari, polkovniki li, TaviT fexamdeegoisti kaci, cxovrebas doRze TamaSSiatarebda, valebSi Cafluli, patar-pat-ara gamarjvebebs Tavis megobar lorddarlingtonTan erTad advilad aRwev-da; cols TiTqmis ar xvdeboda, radgansaxlSi mxolod maSin Cadioda, roca niu-marketSi doRi imarTeboda. ogastaserTguli colis saxeli hqonda davard-nili. RvTismosavi bebiis aRzrdilma,misgan morwmunis TavSesaqcevi JargoniaiTvisa da masSi moralis adgili daika-va. ojaxSi yvelam icoda, rom ogastassaCuqari biblia iqneboda an locvani.mokled, dedisa da diasaxlisis movale-obebi dros ar utovebda efiqra TavisgrZnobebze. sami bavSvis movla, aqedanerTi mainc avad iyo xolme, abezarikreditorebisa da bukmekerebis117 ga-Zleba, qmris magivrad mimoweris warmoe-ba, radgan Tavad qmars werilis weris un-ari ar hqonda _ mTeli es yoveldRiuriwvrilmani sazrunavi mis cxovrebasavsebda. saeWvoa, meore adamiani arse-bobdes kidev, rogorc ogasta arsebob-da.

baironi mas 1813 wlis 27 ivniss, kviradRes Sexvda Tavis saxlSi, benet-stritze, da moixibla kidec misiT. erTiSexedviT, gansakuTrebiT karg STabeWd-ilebas ar tovebda, es ufro misi daude-vari CacmulobiT iyo gamowveuli, na-kvTebi ki mSvenieri hqonda. hqondabaironebis profili, maTive sasacilo

117. doRSi sanaZleos moTave /agrovebsda iwers sanaZleod dadebul Tanxas/.dasasruli. dasawyisi `saguramo~ N 2-4,

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Cveva aso `r~-s Caylapvisa, kaprizuli,odnav bavSvuri saxis gamometyveleba dawarbebis SeWmuxnis igive manera. bairo-ni, romelic sakuTari TaviT iyo mudamdainteresebuli, sasiamovnod gaocebu-li darCa, roca am mSvenier qalSi axalisakuTari Tavi Seicno.

msgavseba xasiaTebis zogierT Tvise-baSic gamJRavnda. baironebis morcxvo-ba hqonda da veluri cxovelis gaube-daobac. baironma da ogastam, sazoga-doebaSi siCumiT gamorCeulebma uc-badve igrZnes, rom saucxood eTvise-bodnen erTmaneTs. nuTu es imiT iyogamowveuli, rom ogasta misi da iyo, rommaT saerTo mogonebebi akavSirebdaT,udardeli da fuqsavati mamiT dawyebu-li, seusueleli qvriv-regentiTdamTavrebuli? pirvel dResve mkvircx-li da sasiamovno toniT saubari gamou-vidaT. ra samwuxaroa, rom ogastas qmarihyavs; ase rom ar iyos, mis saxlSi darCe-boda da diasaxlisi gaxdeboda misi. esukeTesia, vidre viRac ucnobi qaliscolad moyvana. ucxoebs ver itanda,radgan maT araferi ician mis cxovreba-ze, mis mgrZnobiare simebze, mis sabra-lo fexze, mkacr bavSvobaze. ogastasTanki yvelaferi Zalian advilia. SegiZliamTlianad miendo. is Tavis `Babybairons~ Semwynarebluri sinaziT eq-ceoda. rogorc ki ogasta gaemgzavra,imave kviras werili miswera:

`Cemo Zvirfaso ogasta, Tu moisur-vebT, SegiZliaT dRes saRamos CemTanerTad wamoxvideT ledi devisTan,TqvenTvis mosawvevi maqvs; iq naxavTqalbaton stals; adamianebs, romlebsacicnobT, da me, romelsac ar icnobT;visTanac gnebavT, imasTan isaubrebT, meki dagakvirdebiT, rogorc Sinaberas,romelsac saerTod Sinaberad darCenissafrTxe emuqreba. moiqeciT ise,rogorc mogesurvebaT. Tu TerTmetisnaxevarze mzad iqnebiT, gamogivliT.vfiqrob, erTad rom viqnebiT mesame pir-Ta Soris, es orivesTvis axali Seg-rZnebebi iqneba~.

SegrZnebebs xazi gausva. cxadia, Tavi-si sayvareli Teoria ukve gauziara ogas-tas: `mxolod Zlieri SegrZnebebi gva-Zlevs saSualebas, rom sakuTari TavivaRiaroT~. oRond, ogastasTvis ramerom agexsna yvelaze amao saqme iyo amqveyanaze. mis qaotursa da aramdgradgonebaSi azrebi maSinve ganusazRvre-lobis sazRvrebisken iswrafoda.

Tavidan, Tavazianobis gamo, sTxova axa-li leqsebi maCveneo; verafers gaigebo,upasuxa baironma, ogastam Turme kmay-ofilma gaicina. uyvarda, bavSviviT romerToboda. yvela baironiviT, isec ko-mikurobis Zlieri grZnobiT iyo dajil-doebuli, yvelas warmatebiT baZavda,rac bairons aRafrTovanebda. lapar-akis sasacilo stili hqonda _ faqtebi,romlebzec laparakobda, ise iyo bu-rusiT moculi, savse gadakruli sityve-biT, araTanamimdevrobiT, xuTi wuTicrom gesmina, ukve veRar mixvdebodi,raze laparakobda. aq iyo _ oh dear! ohdear!-is118 Zaxili, bavSvebis avadmyofobe-bze laparaki, amas mohyveboda anekdotidedofal Sarlotaze, romlis sefeqal-ic iyo; ucbad gadauxdeli vali gaaxsen-deboda da isev oh dear! oh dear! da sicil-iT CabJirdeboda. baironi am araTanamim-devrobiT aRfrTovanebuli iyo. is amasogastas `saSinlad Crinkum-crankum~1 1 9

saidumlos eZaxda. baironma masTan me-gobruli xumrobis toniT laparakiswrafad aiTvisa, romelic mij-nurisTvis ufroa damaxasiaTebeli, vi-dre ZmisTvis. ogastam londonSi ivli-sis TiTqmis mTeli pirveli naxevari gaa-tara. baironTan ar cxovrobda, magrammasTan erTad dadioda TeatrebSi, mej-lisebze, stumrobda benet-stritze.baironis saxlSi meurneobas misis miuliuZRveboda. beber jadoqars hgavda, yve-las aSinebda, bairons aRmerTebda,romelic Zalian keTilad eqceoda. msax-uri sxvagan cxovrobda, calke saxlSi,magram viRac, TiTqmis ucnobi, qalisyoveldRiuri stumroba _ TvalSi armosdioda. da es yvelaferi tradiciulvaraudebs qmnida satrfialo kavSirisSesaxeb; da pirvelsave dRes am `uCveu-lo daZmur~ urTierTobaSi SeiparagrZnobis elementebi, ufro saamo, rad-gan dasawyisSi es gauazrebeli iyo.

baironis sacduneblad yvelaferierTmaneTs daukavSirda. am axalgazrda,misTvis sasiamovno qals, TavisufladSeeZlo mosvla. siyvarulisgan maT aricavda, rogorc Cveulebriv normalurda-Zmebs Soris xdeba xolme, CveuligrZnoba. `isini erT WerqveS ar izrde-bodnen, bavSvur gauazrebel umwikvlo-baSi. erTmaneTs iSviaTad xvdebodnen~.

118. o, Zvirfaso, o Zvirfaso! /ingl./119. xveuli, Zalze daxlarTuli; axire-

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arc saerTo deda hyavdaT da arc saer-To ojaxi hqondaT. ogastam, baironisTvalSi, moulodneli aRmoCenis mTelimomxibvleloba Seinaxa. baironi didmniSvnelobas aniWebda warmoSobas. masunda moswoneboda hercog lidielisdasTan, sefeqalTan urTierToba,romelsac mTeli londoni icnobda dasen-jeimsis sasaxleSi cxovrobda, mas-Tan siaxloviT SeeZlo siamovnebiTetrabaxa. garda amisa, qali SeiZlebamoswoneboda, rogorc yvela megobariqali, magram Zlieradac unda miezida.baironma odesRac Caiwera, rom siam-ovnebda, roca qalebi ise eqceodnen,`rogorc sayvarel, odnav Jinian das~. issiyvarulSi eZebda mxiaruli, megobru-li siaxlovis Serwymas mgrZnobiare sia-movnebebTan da TiTqmis dedobriv sinaz-esTan. rogorc odnav Jinian das... gaax-senda es sityvebi da incestze120 fiqrmamosveneba aRar misca. gana sakmarisi iyowarmoedgina danaSaulebrivi vneba, romdaejerebina _ es qali misTvis bedis-wera iyo? gana baironebis, gordonebisSTamomavali ar iyo, romelTa Tavgada-savlebi aranakleb saSineli iyo, vidreborjebisa?121 bavSvobidanve grZnobda,rom raRacisken hqonda miswrafeba, ze-liukos msgavsad, raRac sazareli dana-Saulisken, rac mas yvela adamianurikanonis zeviT daayenebda da kanon gare-Sec. am TavgadasavlebSi Tavs damnaSavedgrZnobda da siamovnebas poulobda ima-Si, rom ufro metad egrZno Tavi damna-Saved, vidre sinamdvileSi iyo. arsebi-Tad ki, SeiZleba iTqvas, mxolod man, manerTma, uwoda bunebriv siyvaruls ucnobnaxevardasTan sisxlis aRreva, Secdomaaqcia danaSaulad. is uunaroba sakuTarTavs rom ver Sordeboda, rac ase saxif-aTod aucxoebda sxva adamianebTan, misdasaxmareblad movida, vinaidan am Tavismsgavs qalSi isev sakuTar Tavs eZebda.am qalisadmi swrafvaSi TiTqos Seeyarakidec mouxelTebeli narcisizmi.

ori wlis win, gamoucdeli mamlis si-morcxves SeiZleba SeeCerebina kidecigi. magram karolina lemis wyalobiT,aseve ledi oqsfordisac, dapyrobisceremoniali didebulad aiTvisa, riTacamouxsneli ZalauflebiT batonobda

gamoucdel qalebze. ogastas ki sxvazenakleb SeeZlo winaaRmdegoba gaewia mis-Tvis. arc siamaye hqonda, arc nebisyofa,da baironma ucbadve SeiTvisa. baironimas guss Tu goose-ss eZaxda, Cems patarabatis WuWuls; sululi xaro, eubneboda;qali icinoda. misis lis Zalze zedapir-uli RvTismosaoba, nakleb gavlenas ax-denda mis saqcielze. yvelaze cxoveligrZnoba masSi sikeTe iyo, magram sikeTeise nakleb iyo mowesrigebuli mor-aluri Tu socialuri wesebiT, romdaufiqreblad Caidenda yvelaze saZa-gel qmedebas, oRond ki misTvis, sayvare-li arsebisTvis, siamovneba mieniWebina.bunebiT umwikvlos SeeZlo yvelanairisigiJis Cadena, romelsac maSinve iviw-yebda.

mere, gvian, baironi Tavis mesaidum-les, ledi melburns yvelafers mouyve-ba da xazgasmiT aRniSnavs kidec, ogastamsinazis grZnobis gamo ufro daTmo, vi-dre vnebisao. `RmerTs geficebiT, ro-melmac Cemda saubedurod Semqmna da,cxadia, arc sxvaTa sikeTisTvis, ar Sei-Zleba misi dadanaSauleba CemTan Sedar-ebiT. arc ki esmoda, rom daiRupeboda;mere ukve gviani aRmoCnda; sxvanairadmisi daTmoba ver amixsnia, garda imisa,romelic sakmaod marTali mgonia: esaris is, rasac qalebi ufro ZlieradeTvisebian, vidre mamakacebi, roca maTTundac odnav alersianad eqcevian~.

am siyvarulidan imdenad didi damZafri siamovneba miiRo, rom TavadacgauCnda codvis SegrZneba. yvela adrin-deli Tavgadasavali am bednierebasTanSedarebiT arafrad moeCvena; bedniere-ba, imav dros,

sindisis qenjnasTan Sereuli. sisx-lis aRreva, Zalmomreobis erTi yvelazeZveli adamianuri meTodi, TiTqos xor-cis siamovnebas meamboxuri Sara-vandediT mosavda. ogasta daufiqre-blad danebda. Ooh! dear, oh! dear; aba, es rasaqcielia ojaxis dedisa, da ra nakle-bad iyo is Seqmnili am tragediisTvis!yvelaze gasaocari ki is iyo, mas rogor-Rac Taviseburad uyvarda `is araCveu-lebrivi jentlmeni, Tavisi biZaSvili dameuRle~, magram gana SeeZlo Tavisi BabybaironisTvis rameze eTqva uari, Tanacroca evedreboda? es qali erTi im qal-Tagani iyo, romlebic miiCneven, romusiamovno warsuli mTlianad qreba,rogorc ki Sewyvet masze fiqrs. beRu-rasaviT sakuTari azrebis Tavze daxto-da da raRac-raRac sasacilo ambebs

120. sisxlis aRreva.121. borja _ espanuri warmoSobis aris-

tokratTa gvari. did rols TamaSobdnen XV-XVI s.s. italiis istoriaSi.

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krebda. mogvianebiT, roca baironma sin-disis qenjnis simware igema, igi ecadaqali iZulebuli gaexada zogjer masTanerTad Caexeda maTsave danaSaulSi, ma-gram ogasta moxerxebulad, adviladaRwevda Tavs da mis gamxiarulebas cdi-lobda.

ivlisis bolos baironi niu-marketSiwaiyvana, Tavisi Svilebi rom eCvenebina.baironma Zalian mxiarulad gaataradro. bavSvebma axalgazrda biZa Seiy-vares. roca baironi gamoCndeboda, isi-ni mxiaruli yiJiniT egebebodnen:`baironi! baironi!~ mere ogasta masTanerTad isev londonSi gaemgzavra. polk-ovnik lis finansuri mdgomareoba iseTiiyo, fiqrobda, am saxlSi cxovrebas, yve-laferi sjobso. Zma dasTan erTad mog-zaurobis gegmebs adgenda. bairons in-glisi yelSi amouvida. princ-regentiliberali rom egona, dRiTi dRe despo-ti xdeboda. literatori li hanti cix-eSi Casva imisTvis, rom gabeda da gaakri-tika romeliRac diTirambi princze.bairons, Caild haroldiviT, samSobloezizReboda, `ra idioti var, rom davb-rundi~, _ ambobda is. ixsenebda urcisada lavandis surnels, cisfrad moelva-re zRvaze asaxul mTebis moxazulobas,qveynebs, sadac SenTvis aravis scxela daarc Sen gcxela vinmesTvis. ratom arwaiyvanos ogasta siciliaSi an saberZ-neTSi?

dumili aRar SeeZlo, megobrebsagrZnobinebda kidec, miniSnebebiT,oRond saidumlos gamWvirvale saburve-li faravda, vin iyo da ras warmoadgen-da misi axali gataceba. `saqme exeba, aramSvenieri sqesis brwyinvale warmomad-genels, _ swerda murs, _ saqme imaSia,rom axla sruliad STanTqmuli var axalambavSi da es gacilebiT seriozulia,vidre am bolo Tormeti Tvis ganmavlo-baSi mqonda, _ es ki bevrs niSnavs. ube-durebaa, rom ar SegviZlia uqalod ga-Zleba da arc maTTan cxovreba~.

ledi melburnsac gamoutyda, Tumcgabeduli qali iyo, masac ki Tavzaridaeca:

`ufskrulis piras dgaxarT, Tu arSeCerdebiT, samudamod daiRupebiT _es danaSaulia, romlis mitevebac amqveyanaze SeuZlebelia, Tumc im qvey-anaze miutevebiaT~.

baironi, Tumc idumalad, TviTonacase fiqrobda, magram, mainc Zalian amay-obda, rom misi SeZrwuneba SeZlo.

`bolos da bolos, is mainc saTno qa-lia, _ Tqva baironma ironiulad, _radgan arsebobs iseTi raRaceebi,romelTa winaSec SeCerdeba~. maincdaujera da siciliur proeqtze uariTqva. `Zvirfaso ledi melburn, TqvensTavazian werilze verafers gipasuxebT;Tqvens garda veravin momcemda aseT rCe-vas, Cems garda aravin CaTvlida aucile-blobad eTxova es rCeva. isev londonSivar, ase rom, Tqvenma rCevam ise gasWra,rogorc elodiT~.

is marTlac londonSi iyoogastasTan erTad, zafxulis am dacar-ielebul qalaqSi da Tavs bednieradgrZnobda. `ras vakeTebT? Cven mxolodis SegviZlia vTqvaT, ras ar vakeTebT.qalaqi carielia, miT ukeTesi: saucxooadgili xdeba, roca aravin aris. arafersvlaparakob; arafers vakeTeb; araferiminda~. es iyo siyvarulis momTenTaviuzrunveli bedniereba.

gazafxulze, am satrfialo urTier-Tobamde, aRmosavluri zRapari `giau-ri~ gamoaqveyna, `Caild haroldis~ Sem-deg Seqmnili erTaderTi nawarmoebi.`giauris~ pirveli versia saSualo poe-ma iyo, _ aTenidan gamoyolili mog-onebebi: erTi qalis istoria, romelicTurqebs qmris RalatisTvis zRvaSiunda CaegdoT. SemodgomiT, ramdenimedReSi, xuTasi strofi miumata.

man icoda, rom es sigiJe didxans arSeiZleboda gagrZelebuliyo. ledi mel-burni, amjerad namdvilad iyo SeSfoTe-buli, darwmunebulic, rom baironidaRupvisken iswrafoda, dacdaRupvisken mihyavda; exveweboda, Sew-yvite es urTierTobao. bairons vaJka-coba ar hyofnida. ogastam mTeli agvis-to masTan gaatara. seqtembris dasawyis-Si, roca bairons daSorda, is ukve or-sulad iyo.

XIX

uaxloesi qandara

Cemi guli mudam uaxloes qandarazejdeba.

baironi

ledi melburnTan mimoweraSi Tavisgmir qalebs baironi asoebiT aRniSnav-da. karolina iyo k., anabela `Tqveni a~,ogasta _ `Cemi o~, zogjer, roca gan-

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sakuTrebuli saidumlos dacva iyosaWiro, ubralod jvars svamda. ledimelburnis erTaderTi survili, mas Sem-deg, rac incesti aRsrulda, is iyo, romam saxifaTo asoebs momnaniebeli wer-ilic mohyoloda. magram, gana SesaZle-beli iyo es?

baironi _ ledi melburns: `rogorcSemeZlo vcdilobdi, eSmakisTvis mejob-na; Sedegi umniSvneloa, radgan saSuale-ba, romelic adre arcTu iSviaTad mS-veloda, amjerad uSudego aRmoCnda.Cemi grZnobebis sxvaze gadatanaze vla-parakob... sul axlaxan mSvenieri SemTx-veva momeca da imedic ar damikargavs.keTili ganzraxvebiT viyavi savse, magramSegrZnebam, rom amisTvis Zala iyosaWiro, yvelaferi waaxdina, da axla ise-Tive var, rogoric Tqven iciT. radganmiCveuli ara var TqvenTan cremlisfrqveviT Cemi azrebiT kopwiaobas,dResac ar gavakeTeb amas~.

ogasta gaemgzavra Tu ara, baironmamaSinve jeims uederbern uebsterisganmiiRo miwveva, stumrad epatiJeboda. iserTi uferulTmiani, banaluri subieq-ti iyo, romelsac kembrijidan icnobda,ufro gvian aTenSic Sexvda. ybedi iyo esuebsteri, mkvexara da CxubisTavi, ma-gram baironi, romelsac Zlier ganvi-Tarebuli iumoris grZnoba hqonda,gulgrilad eqceoda cxovelTa amgvarjiSs. erTi wlis win frensis ansleizerom iqorwina, bairons sTxova misipirveli Svilis naTlia yofiliyo. amTxovnam Caild haroldi aRafrTovana.`Tu biWi iqneba~, _ swerda uebsteri.`gogo ratom ara?~ _ upasuxa nawyenmabaironma. daibada biWi.

ledi frensisi mSvenieri qali iyo,magram avadmyofi adamianis STabeWdile-bas tovebda. baironi uyurebda mis fer-mkrTal saxes, ciebcxelebianiviT abrwy-inebul Tvalebs da sakuTar Tavs ekiTx-eboda, netav didxans Tu icocxlebso.misi da, ledi ketrin anslei aranaklebsusti qali iyo; orives ki _ qeraTmiani,grZeli aprexili wamwamebi da Calurje-buli, naRvliani Tvalebi hqondaT. ueb-steri, mxiaruli da Zlieri kaci, rogor-Rac Seusabamo Canda am anemiur gracie-bs Soris. sadilobisas misma uxeSma xum-robam ramdenjerme colisa da colis-dis odnav SesamCnevi ukmayofilo ga-mometyveleba daimsaxura. baironi Cu-

mad da idumalad erToboda, erT amo-sunTqvasac ar tovebda SeumCnevels, darogorc moyvaruli, maTiT tkbeboda.mamakacebi sadilis Semdeg isev magi-dasTan darCnen da boTli Rvino daidg-es. baironma camde aiyvana ledi frensi-si. uebsteri gaibadra; Zalian amayobdacoliT; garda amisa, Zalian eWvianic iyo.magram baironi ukve xvdeboda qmrebis amjiSis Cvevebsa da ucnaurobebs da kar-gadac icoda am cxovelebis moTviniere-ba. sadilobisas gaurboda saxlis pa-tronis colisadmi raime yuradRebisgamoCenas; misi uyuradReboba TiTqmisuzrdelobamdec ki mivida. uebstermaaRmoaCina, rom es don Juani, romelzecamden sazizRrobas laparakobdnen, diditaqtiani adamiani iyo; sinamdvileSi, si-namdvileSi ki, baironi Zalian daRlilibrZandeboda, udardelad iqceoda daumciresi survilic ar hqonda etanjaqmari.

male Zalze moxerxebuli SemTxvevacmieca, uebsterma bairons sTxova niust-edSi mimipatiJeo; am erTi Tvis win ram-denime dRe gaetarebina iq da saabatoserT-erTi nimfa gulSi Cavardnoda. sa-Ramos baironma ledi melburns miswera:

`cudi ganzraxva rom mqondes, saqmesmSvenivrad movagvarebdi da Cemssasargeblod Semovabrunebdi; magramiseTi saTno gavxdi, anda Tu gnebavT,zanti, rom xelsayrel SesaZleblobasacki ar gamoviyeneb... man mTxova, didi se-riozulobiT, niustedSi wamiyvaneo, mecgulRiad vupasuxe, roca genebos, maSinwabrZandi, me ki aq davrCebi da Sens ary-ofnaSi saxls mivxedav-meTqi, _ rogorcmgonia, friad gonivruli winadadebaa,magram mas ratomRac ar moewona. daTavisi colis saTnoebaze mTeli qadage-ba wamikiTxa; imiT daamTavra, rom Tqva:Cemi coli Tavisi zneobiTa da fizikurimonacemebiT Zalian hgavs qristeso! asemgonia, ufro marTebuli iqnebodaRvTismSoblisTvis Seedarebina!~.

roca meore dRes baironi eston-holidan gaemgzavra, qmarma gulmxur-valed dapatiJa _ kidev Camodio. col-ma araferi Tqva, magram mibnedili kiiyureboda. Cavidoda ki? axla veravizeieWvianebs vikariussa da maJordomisgarda, me ki umciresi survilic aramaqvs amisi. ise ki ver gamigia, im qals rasurda... TiTqos Setevas eliso da etyo-

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boda mogeriebisTvis emzadeboda.garyvnili adamianis reputaciam wingamiswro, magram Cemma mSvidma da gul-grilma qcevam imdenad gaaoca, albaTsakuTar Tavs maxinjad miiCnevs ukve, meki brma vgonivar an ufro uaresi...~.

aseT sanaqebo TavSekavebas, albaT,megobrebis saxlSi baironis mSvidadyofna unda uzrunveleyo. magram adami-anebi xSirad ver xvdebian aseTi qcevisnamdvil azrs. cocxali adamianis mag-ivrad isini fiqtiur personaJs, zRa-prebSi Seqmnil gmirs xedaven. Tu donJuani qals gaurbis, mas ukeTur ganzrax-vas aweren. am dros, sacodavma baironmamoisurva da colqmruli wyvilis simS-vide ar daarRvia, daindo susti qalisjanmrTeloba, _ qmarma nerviulobadaiwyo, gaRizianda, ieWviana _ am aRuS-foTeblobis iqiT rame sazareliCanafiqri ifarebao.

baironi _ ledi melburns: uebsteriautaneli xdeba. Cemi italiuri wignebi/dante da alfieri/ aSfoTebs; mexvewe-ba, Cems cols ar aCvenoo. radgan, eSmak-ma waiRos!!! am satanis enas SeiZlebasaSineli vneba mohyveso!! vkiTxe, Tqve-ni saerTo megobrebi, stenhepebi, rogorarian-meTqi. man mipasuxa: `miTxariTerTi, geTayva, aseTive toniT ekiTxebiTsxvebs, rogor aris Cemi coli?~ xom xe-davT, Cemma gulkeTilobam TviTonve ip-ova jildo, _ radgan arc sityviT, arcsaqmiT umciresi interesic ar gamomiCe-nia misi colisadmi. qali ki kargia, ma-gram gansakuTrebuli araferi aqvs,Zalian gamxdaria, xasiaTebi ki kargiaqvs, raRac Taviseburi manerebi daqcevebi. masze arc vifiqrebdi, arc sx-vaze, radgan arc moTmineba myofnis daarc imdenad Tavdajerebuli var, winwaviwio, Tu Sua gzaze ar damxvdebian~.

baironi marTla arasdros dgamdanabijs win, Tu darwmunebuli ar iyo, romSexvdebodnen. `SemiZlia davamtkico, _ambobda sruliad gulwrfelad, _ romarc erTi qali ar micdunebia~. iseTivegaocebuli uyurebda Tavis satrfialowarmatebebs, rogorc Tavis warmatebebsliteraturaSi. qalis xelmisawvdomobaganuwyveteli gaocebis sagani iyo mis-Tvis da sulis siRrmeSi samarcxvinodmiaCnda. eston-holSi Casvlis dRidanvedarwmunebuli iyo, rom sulac ar ain-teresebda es qeraTmiani, TavSekavebuli

axalgazrda qali, romelic Tavisi grZe-li wamwamebis qvemodan civi TvalebiTiyureboda. magram elviraTa122 umravle-sobis msgavsad, ledi frensisic mzadiyo ufro meti gaevlo, vidre naxevarigzaa; saqmec ise moawyo, rom sabiliar-doSi baironTan marto darCa.

`aqamde megobrulad viyaviT erT-maneTTan; maxsendeba, erTxel ucnaurikiTxva damisva: `ra unda qnas qalma,romelsac kaci moswons; rogor miax-vedros, Tu es kaci amas ver amCnevs?~aRmovaCine, rom wesebis gareSe vTama-SobdiT, ramac mafiqrebina, Tu maincad-amainc didad ar viqnebodiT Cvens saqmi-anobaSi Cafluli, warmateba movidoda.amiT friad kmayofili davrCi, magramufro metis msurvelma, qaRaldiTa dakalmiT gabeduli cda wamoviwye, Zaliannazi da arcTu cudad daweriliproziT... es Zalian saxifaTo iyo, cxa-dia. rogor unda gadameca? an rogor mi-iRebda? kargad miiRes da gulTanac Ca-males. im wuTs davinaxe, rom erTipirovneba Semovida, romelic, satanasrom umciresi Tavazianoba hqonoda,sadRac wiTel zRvasTan unda yofiliyo.qalma simSvide SeinarCuna da werilic.Cemma werilma warmatebas miRwia, ufrometic /axla Marito123. mawyvetinebs, raRacpolitikuri pamfleti momitana, undarom wavikiTxo da movuwono. mxolodmowonebiT Semovifargle. uh! _ wavida),pasuxic ki miviRe, friad araorazro-vani, savse msjelobebiT saTnoebaze daamaRlebul siyvarulze, rac ZiriTadad,suls exeba, rac kargad ar mesmis, rad-gan cudi metafizikosi var; iwyeben daamTavreben platonizmiT; magram radganCemi prozelitizmi124 mxolod oci wl-isaa, vfiqrob, movaswreb da myar niada-gamde mivaRwev. mokled, imedi maqvs, un-ayofo periodi didxans ar gagrZelde-ba; yovel SemTxvevaSi, gasinjvad Rirs.maxsendeba, Cemi bolo Tavgadasavaliamis sruliad sapirispiro iyo. Cven,rogorc maiori o’flaerti gvirCevs,`jer vibrZoloT, mere movilaparakoT~.

122. molieris komediis `tartiufis~personaJi.

123. qmari /ital./124. visac sarwmunoeba axlad aqvs miRe-

buli. mxurvale damcveli axlad miRebulisarwmunoebisa.

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axla aseTi mdgomareobaa: ganuwyveteliurTierTgamotydoma, bevri melanqo-lia, rac Cemda samwuxarod, mavrmac125

SeamCnia, da siyvarulis imdeni mtkice-bebi, ramdenis SesaZleblobasac iZlevadro, adgili da mdgomareoba. naxvamdis.mivdivar sabiliardoSi~.

maS ase, sxvaze gulanTebuli baironi,aq Camosvlis Semdeg, erT gasaocar dRes,sruliad moulodnel istoriaSi aR-moCnda CaTreuli da, rac gansakuTre-biT mniSvnelovania, platonur istori-aSi. ledi frensisma ganucxada, marTa-lia susti guli maqvs, magram sxva dam-amtkicebels am sisustisa verafers mi-iRebT, garda am aRiarebisao. man upa-suxa, yvela pirobas vRebulob da ara-sodes Tqveni Tanxmobis gareSe umciresnabijsac ar gadavdgam, raTa gaiZuloT,uari TqvaT Tqvens aRTqmazeo. nuTugulwrfeli iyo? nuTu ase male daiviw-ya ogasta? TviTonac gaocebuli iyo.magram es ase iyo da ra eqna? SemCnevisunari sxvaze metad hqonda ganviTarebu-li. es patara, susti qali, TiTqmis gog-ona aRelvebda mas. es umanko guli, erTimamakacic rom ar icoda, garda am uxeSimarito-si, baironis sulSi, jer kidevgaunelebel, meri Cavorsis xatebasiwvevda. `tkbili, rogorc xsovnamiZinebuli siyvarulisa~. erTxel amazeleqsic dawera. miZinebuli siyvarulissaflavebi, romelTa Sorisac daboria-lobda, uZvirfasesi iyo misTvis.bunebiT mgrZnobiare, rasac ostaturadniRbavda zizRiT, bolomde imedisganver ganikurna. sZulda moCvenebiTi um-wikvloba, romelic imitom garbis, romgamoedevnon, gulis morcxvi mRelvare-ba ki masSi pativiscemas iwvevda, Tukidarwmundeboda mis WeSmaritebaSi.Secbunebuli saxe, siCume, sifiTreufro met zemoqmedebas axdenda masze,vidre karolina lemis vnebiani gulisgadaSla.

baironi yovelTvis angariSs uwevdafaqtebs. es iyo faqti, radgan, pirveladam xnis ganmavlobaSi, garda ogastasi,sxva qaliTac dainteresda. Tavis mesai-dumles miswera:

`guSindelma dRem azrebi, survilebi,imedebi Semicvala, mec Sevicvale mTli-anad, _ da es iqneba TqvenTvis axali

sabuTi Cemi sisustis dasamtkiceblad...TqvenTvis cnobil mizezTa gamo, usiam-ovno ar iqneba gaigoT, rom axla is aRarvar, rac viyavi... Tqven ityviT, rom esukeTesia, vidre is bolo Tavgadasavali.ar SemiZlia arseboba siyvarulis obieq-tis gareSe. sasacilod mogeCvenebaTCemi aseTi gardaqmna, magram mdgomare-oba gaixseneT, ramac Cemi bolo gatace-ba Sewyvita. dameTanxmebiT, is ganxeT-qileba mTlad Cems kaprizebze ar iyodamokidebuli~.

uebsterma baironisgan aTasi funtisterlingi isesxa, romeliRac grafiniarom moexibla. baironma ormagi didsu-lovneba gamoiCina, aTasi funtic asesxada ledi frensisis dapyrobiT ar isarge-bla. jer ase arasodes ucxovria. grZel-wamwamiani, fermkrTali axalgazrdaqali modioda, mis gverdiT jdeboda daCumad uyurebda vnebianad. esec dumda.TavSekavebulad iqceodnen, xandaxan xe-lze xels Tu mouWerdnen da iSviaTad Tuhkocnidnen, RamRamobiT ar eZinaT dausasrulo werilebs swerdnen erTma-neTs. diliT orive uZinari, moCvenebashgavda. bairons Tavis werilebs wignSi annotebis rveulSi Cadebuls gadascemda,qmars ki Tvinieri da fiqriani TvaliTSehyurebda.

baironis grZnobas karga didi buru-si faravda, Tumca am umanko santimen-talizmiT ufro da ufro ixibleboda.bairons qalma Tmis kululi Txova; manmoiWra da misca. odesRac karolinalemisTvis am msxverplis gaReba ar isur-va da Tavisi kamerdineris Tma aCuqa. amanZalianac gaamxiarula. magram aseTi xum-robisTvis nazi ledi frensisi vergawira.

sadamde miiyvanda es yvelaferi? du-elamde? motacebamde? is mzad iyo er-TisTvisac da meoresTvisac. es TamaSiimdenad itacebda, rom sakmarisi iyo im-isTvis, raTa Tavisi rolis TamaSi bo-lomde mieyvana. magram vin icis, iyo kies mxolod roli? siyvaruli imis mixed-viT modis, rogorc giyvars. `TuCaifiqrebs, yeli gamomWras, dausjeladSeuZlia es gaakeTos. cxadia, winaaRmde-gobas ar gavuwev adamians, romelsacSeuracxyofa mivayene. Tu moisurvebs datyviis samizned amomirCevs, ver SevZlebuari vuTxra am siamovnebaze...~. `aTidRe. aTi dRe gavida mas Semdeg, rac aq125. igulisxmeba otelo.

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pirvelad gamovCndi, da ai, rogor Seicv-ala Cemi cxovreba! ratom? is lamazia,Zalian lamazi... mSvenivrad uWiravsTavi... uCveulod romantikulia daemociuric. temperamenti? ZnelisaTqmelia... Zalian Wkviania... mSvenierwerilebs wers, Tumca odnav germanulistili aqvs. xmac, nazi. sisuleleebs arlaparakobs, yovel SemTxvevaSi, sazoga-doebaSi mainc. duetSi, cxadia, gulisaCvileba SeuZlia, magram, aba, or pla-tonels Soris sxvanairad rogor iqne-ba?~.

yvelaferSi gulgatexili baironi ampastoralSi cudad rodi grZnobda Tavs.patar-patara colqmruli SetakebebissafrTxe, sasiamovno SegrZneba, rommokavSired natifi, mgrZnobiare qaligyavs, _ yvelaferi es izidavda mas.

oRond don Juani is kaci ar brZande-boda, romelsac SeeZlo mudam pasto-ralur mdgomareobaSi darCeniliyo. mistemperamentsac rom gaeZlo, misi siamayever aitanda amas. am Tavgadasavals flo-bis beWedi aklda. unda gaemarjva, Tun-dac ledi melburnisTvis. magram eston-holis cixe-darbazi inglisis cixe-dar-bazTa Soris gamarjvebis finalisTvisyvelaze nakleb Sesaferisi adgili iyo.didi-didi, risi uflebac SeiZleboda aqTavisTvis miecaT, xanmokle Sexvedrebiiyo, naCqarevi kocnisTvis xelsayreli.rCeboda Rame, RamiT sargebloba, magramoTaxebis ganlageba Ramis vizitebs xelsuSlida.

ukve didi xania eston-holis bina-darni ori-sami dRiT niustedSi gamgza-vrebaze laparakobdnen. baironma qaleb-is daxmarebiT isev ganaaxla amazesaubari. uebsters uari ar uTqvams. sax-elganTqmuli nimfa isev izidavda.

niustedSi baironi ukve Tavis amplu-aSi grZnobda Tavs. saabatos prestiJimis prestiJsac zrdida. stumrebs TavisgoTur cixe-darbazs aCvenebda, Tavistbas, berTa xeivans, monastris mSvenierSadrevans. aRtacebuli ledi frensisisTvalwin Tavis qalas RviniT avsebda. mas-Tan erTad parkSi daseirnobda, sadacirmebi da xarirmebi kvaldakval dahyve-bodnen maRal muxnarSi. baironi qaliskrZalvasa da morCilebas grZnobda. Zne-li ar iyo sakuTar saxlSi Ramis paemne-bi moewyo. SuaRamisas umanko Seyvare-bulebi sxvaTa Tvalisgan farulad Sex-

vdnen erTmaneTs.`dRisiT, erTmaneTTan pirispir Sex-

vedra, kinaRam sabediswero aRmoCnda _erTi aseTi gamarjveba kidev da daviRu-pebiT. ai, riTi damTavrda yvelaferi.`Tqvens gankargulebaSi var. amas vaRi-areb. sruliad mogendeT. magram amas racmohyveba, me ver gadavitan. nu ifiqrebT,rom es mxolod sityvebia. simarTlesgeubnebiT, _ axla ise moiqeciT,rogorc geneboT~. marTali viyavi Tuara? davinde. raRac uCveulo iyo misqcevaSi, raRac uwyinari gambedaoba, _arc pranWva, _ arc brZola, _ raRaciseTi mouxelTebeli, ramac damarwmuna,rom seriozulad laparakobda. es ar iyoCveulebrivi `ara~, romelic uamravjergesmis da mudam erTi da imave intonaci-iT, magram es toni, manera... didi msxver-pli gaviRe: Ramis ori saaTi _ sulieriar WaWanebs _ eSmaki CamCurCulebs _carieli sityvebiao... ar vici, vinano Tuara; mgoni, Cemi didsulovnebis mad-lieria. es kidev erTi damamtkicebelisabuTia, rom TavmdablobiT Tavis daZ-vrena ar gauTamaSebia, rac aseT SemTx-vevebSi zogjer autanelia xolme. me-kiTxebiT, mzad var Tu ara `bolomde~mivide? gipasuxebT diax~. me is miyvars~.

ramdenime dRis ganmavlobaSi mtan-jveli Sinagani brZoliT ewama. qalimTlianad miendo: oRond, Tqveni ukmay-ofileba ar davimsaxuro... oRond sxvaar SeiyvaroT da yvelafers gavakeTeb,rac gnebavT~. baironi ganiaraRebuliiyo; qali iseTi susti Canda, iseTi gafi-Trebuli. isic SeamCnia, rom mzad iyoasatireblad. ra eqna?

Seecoda da daindo igi. `qals ZalianeSinoda eSmakis, me ki arc ise mwyalobs,rom sakuTari vneba am sacodavi qalisubedurebiT davikmayofilo~. iqneb esSecdoma iyo? odesRac gancdilisaukeTeso grZnobebiT xom ar iyo mo-tyuebuli? SeiZleba; ueWvelia, ledimelburni kidev erTxel ityoda, qalebsar icnobso. magram ra mniSvneloba aqvs,arc hqonda pretenzia, vicnobo. pirve-lad, didi xnis Semdeg, kmayofili iyosakuTari TaviT. sisustis wuTebSikeTil grZnobebs dauTmo, romlis Cax-Sobasac pativmoyvareoba ubrZanebda. eskeTili grZnoba misi sakuTari jildoiyo. sabednierod, unda iTqvas, rom sxvaaraferi yofila~. erT dilas Seyvare-

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bulebi erTmaneTs daemSvidobnen.baironi Zalian gulaCuyebuli Canda,ledi frensisi _ gamoucnobi. rac Seex-eba jeims uederbern uebsters, manbairons, am ori kviris aRsaniSnavad,saTuTune aCuqa, friad mgznebare warw-eriT damSvenebuli.

XXkorsari

Znelia ar dainaxo is, rasac XIX sauku-ne eZebs; ufro da ufro mzardi ZlieriSegrZnebis wyurvili _ ai, misi WeSmari-ti xasiaTi.

stendali

simarTle rom iTqvas, eSmaki metisme-ti mondomebiT isroda satyuarianankess sulTa dasaWerad, romelic ise-dac mas ekuTvnoda, iqneb dabadebamdecki. bairons undoda incests gahqceoda,Tavisi grZnoba sxva obieqtze gadaetana,eCveneboda kidec, rom ukve mizanTanaciyo. magram bolo wuTebSi keTilmagrZnobebma sZlia da mSralze darCa. si-nanuli dRedaRam awamebda. sinanuli,rom ogasta dakarga; sinanuli, romfrensis uebsteri daindo; amao fiqrebiimaze, rom SeiZleba, amao yofiliyoimaze sinanulic, rac ukve moxda. `poe-zia, _ ambobda igi, _ warmosaxvis lavaa,romlis amofrqvevac miwisZvris momas-wavebelia~. wuTebSi, roca miwisZvraZalian moaxloebuli Canda, Zaldau-taneblad da bevrs muSaobda. jer kidevzafxulSi Caifiqra axali aRmosavlurizRapari `abidoseli sacole~. zuleika,romelmac Tavisi Zma selimi Seiyvara.incestis istoria _ gaufrTxilebeliTemaa, magram ver SeZlo Tavisi geni-isTvis xeli SeeSala, radgan ganuw-yvetliv am Temis irgvliv trialebda.rogorc ki londonSi Cavida, ecada afo-riaqebuli goneba daemSvidebina, oTxRameSi dawera poemis aTas orasi stro-fi; mudam Tanmdevi ori saxe SeaerTa _ogastasi da ledi frensisisa. `im drosrom rame ar gamekeTebina, SeviSlebodi,radgan metismetad SemomeWama sakuTariguli _ mwvave dieta~.

sisxlis aRmrev siyvarulze poemisdabeWdva Zalze saxifaTo iyo. xolo imisaRiareba, rom es poema dakavSirebulia

mis sakuTar cxovrebasTan, ufro metadsaxifaTo. oRond helts ki miswera:`pirveli nawili _ sakuTar cxovrebazedakvirvebaa~, ledi melburns ki: `malegamova Cemi axali Turquli zRapari...TqvenTvis cnobili mizezebiT, ufrometad dagainteresebT, vidre sxvas. min-da gavigo, ras fiqrobT Cems nawarmoe-bze _ es me var Tu ara?~ raSi sWirdebaamis aRiareba? ratom ar gaCumdeba? ra-tom? SeeZlo sxvanairad moqceuliyo?mas SeeZlo, ogastasaviT, advilad dabunebrivad daeviwyebina Tavisi saqcie-li. magram dausruleblad ganicdidaTavis Secdomebs, amowmebda Tavisazrebs. `wignebs viReb da isev vagdeb.komediis wera daviwye da davwvi, radgansiuJeti isev da isev sinamdviles ubrun-deboda; romanic imave mizeziT gavanad-gure. leqsebSi SemiZlia faqtebisganSors davdge, magram es azrebi mainc yve-laferSi SeimCneva... yvelaferSi...~.

uebsterebidan dabrunebis Semdeg,suli rom moebrunebina, dRiuris weradaiwyo, baironis azrebis gasaocarmaTanxvedram sinamdvilesTan, Zliermapoeturma rakursebma es dRiuri namd-vil Sedevrad aqcia; mis yovel striqon-Si asaxa is, rac `Caild haroldis~calkeuli strofebis saocreba iyo. misiegoizmi, misi dawyevlili egoizmi xelsuwyobda, rom azrTa biZgi iseTive si-ZlieriT gagrZelebuliyo qaRaldze,iseTive sinamdviliT, rogorc goneba-Si~. bairons cxovreba usasrulo dia-logad eqca sakuTar TavTan. saRamos,roca dRiurs gadaSlida, baironibairons swerda: axla vamTqnareb, _ maSase, Rame mSvidobisa, bairon!~ mayurebe-li garegnul movlenebs ki aRniSnavs,oRond, rogorc mTis mwvervalidan,vefxvisa da spilos uSfoTvel gulgri-loba Sereuli, sadRac samxeceTSi romenaxa; rogorc Seqspiris kleopatra,romelmac ganacvifra `rogorc das-rulebulma xorcSesxmam mTeli misi sqe-sisa _ mosiyvarule, mkvircxli, naRv-liani, nazi, mgznebare, Tvinieri, qedma-Rali, mSvenieri, ai, alqaji! _ bolomdekekluci aspitTanac da antoniusTanac~.

arasodes, arc erT sabuTs ar umxeliaukeTesad am sulis uZraoba. TxuTmetiwlis Semdegac patara meri dafTan Tavissiyvarulze fiqrobda. axla rom menaxa,Zalian naRvlian gunebaze davdgebodi:

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rogori lamazic unda yofiliyo, si-namdvile gaunadgurebda an, yovelSemTxvevaSi, Seucvlida mSvenier na-kvTebs; im mSvenierebas, romelic maSinhqonda da aqamde kidev cocxlobs CemswarmosaxvaSi~. garegnulad mxiarul cx-ovrebas eweoda, murTan, SeridanTan vax-Smobda, jeksonTan krivSi varjiSobda,madam de stals126 gaurboda, romelmacTavi moabezra. magram vnebaTa garegnu-li niSnebis moxelTeba Znelia. is itan-jeboda. azrebiT yvelafers edeboda...ra qnas, rogor daiviwyos? imoqmedos?iqneb amaSia xsna? mudam egona, rom mo-qmedebisTvis iyo Seqmnili da ara poezi-isTvis. vin daiwyebda weras, Tuki ecod-ineboda, ra gaakeTos? `moqmedeba _ mo-qmedeba _ moqmedeba~, _ ambobs demos-Tene. moqmedeba _ moqmedeba, _ vambobmec, da ar unda vwero, yvelaze naklebadki _ leqsebi~. amTqnarebda, rogorcuzarmazari cxoveli, sadilidan me-jlisze midioda da mSvid aRmosavleTzeocnebobda. `aq ras vuzivar? ar vsarge-blob, arc arasodes misargeblia da arcSemiZlia visargeblo popularobiT. sa-zogadoeba ver davipyari. yvelaferi,rac sazogadoebam momca, momca mxolodkaprizTa gamo. aq umiznod var. iq mudamvmoqmedeb, yovel SemTxvevaSi, vmoZraobmainc. goneba miClungdeba am lokoki-naseburi cxovrebiT; mZuls civiliza-cia~.

pirvelad ledi frensisis aCrdiligaaZeva. qali werilebs swerda, sadacmetismetad bevrs laparakobda sulze,guls uSlida, _ karolinaseburistili, _ mas es mobezrda. `bolos dabolos, Tu arseboben iseTi adamianebi,romelTac surT zmna `siyvarulis~ ga-nusazRvrel formaze SeCereba, aRarunda gaocdnen, uRlebas Tu sxvebidaamTavreben~.

`_ ra swrafad iviwyebT! _ eubnebo-da ledi melburni.

_ magram wminda franciskosa da misiTovlis qalwulis saxeliT, pigmalion-isa da misi qandakebis saxeliT, ra iyo aqdasaviwyari? ramdenime kocna, rasacmisTvis didi ziani ar moutania, CemTvis

ki _ didi sikeTe~. uazro Tavgadasava-li iyo, es uebsteruli epizodi, magramaman qalebze Seqmnili azri ganumtkica.cxadia, ledi frensisi ise daamTavrebs,rom ufro gulad sayvarels airCevs.`SeuZlebelia, SeZlos da isev Seiyvarosmamakaci, romelic iseT sisustes gam-oiCens, rogoric me gamoviCine~.

sxvisi grZnobisgan daclils, isevogastasken gauwia gulma, rom ucbadmoulodneli werili miiRo enslis`ciskris varskvlavisgan~, misi m.e.C.-sgan; sul patara werili: `Zvirfasolordo, Tu notingemSirSi moxvdebiT,CamodiT da eduoltonSi minaxuleT, sa-dac dagxvdebaT Zalian didi xnis daZalian erTguli megobari, romelsacZalian unda Tqveni naxva. Tqveni erTgu-li meri~. am oTxi striqonis wyalobiT,warsulis yvela mSvenieri naRveli aeSa-la. icoda, rom qali ubeduri iyo. jekmastersi advili gasaZlebi qmari rodigaxldaT. misi fermerebi ambobdnen,saukeTeso meurnea, ufro metad gvey-vareboda, Cvens qaliSvilebs ase unamu-sod rom ar dasdevdes kudSio. monadireamorZalebi meqalTanis simsunagesglexis gogoebTan iyofdnen. danaRv-lianebulma, damcirebulma colma ens-li miatova da megobar qalTan, niuste-dis axlos, patara saxlSi dasaxlda.bairons ebraleboda Tavisi meri,romelsac cxovreba ase mkacrad moeqca.gaTamamebul memkvidre qals, dedis,msaxurebis mier gaRmerTebulsa dabaironis saTayvanos, albaT, axla ZalianuWirda.

pasuxis miwera Rirda ki? is ukve aRariyo misTvis, rogorc odesRac siWabuke-Si, bunebis RvTaebrivi qmnileba, magrammasTan mravali mogoneba akavSirebda.kidev ixilos misi uwindeli Rimili?..magram brZnuli instinqti afrTxileb-da, rom WeSmariti meri Cavorsi, is meriiyo, romelic mis warmosaxvaSi cxovrob-da. im sxvas raRa undoda? mzad iyobaironis Sesayvareblad? nakleb sarw-munoa, _ saTno qalis saxeli hqonda da-vardnili. Tanac, meore werilSimoswera, minda `vnaxo SenSi nazad moy-varuli Zma~-o, da umatebda: `CemSiZlivsRa icnobT im mxiarul arsebas,adre rom icnobdiT. Zalian gavxdi,gavfiTrdi da naRveli momeZala. cx-ovrebaSi Tqven bevri naxeT, me _ cota;

126. madam de stali /1766-1817/ _ qmrisgvari stal-holStaini, luiz Jermen de -frangi mwerali qali, literaturis Teore-tikosi, publicisti.

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is cotac, rac masSi vnaxe, zizRsa mgvris.sakuTari gulis mixedviT vnsjidi daadamianebi ukeTesebi megona~. am sityveb-Si naRvliani da nazi noti igrZnoboda,rasac SeeZlo baironis guli SeeZra. cx-ovrebaSi Tqven bevri naxeT, me _ cota~.magram ra qnas, ra gaukeTos? CavidessofelSi da `ususuri megobroba~ gaa-bas? risTvis?

mainc moixibla, mudam ase emarTebo-da, roca qali, Tundac mcirediTac ki,pirveli gadadgamda misken nabijs. guli,romelic mudam mzad iyo uaxloes qan-daraze Camomjdariyo, ukve frTebs is-worebda. dauTmobda ki qali? naklebdamajerebelia. masTan megobari qaliccxovrobda, romelic, albaT, saSineliurCxulia, zneobis damcveli. merimTavis werilebSi baironis saSineli rep-utacia axsena. da mainc, miuxedavad ase-Ti saSineli reputaciisa, werili maincmoswera. esec xom ar garboda, rogorcledi frensisi, rogorc yvela sxva, mx-olod imitom, rom ukan gamosdevnebo-da? Tavs xifaTSi xom ar igdebda, Tu amTamaSSi Caebmeboda, da Tavisi Zveli Wri-lobebi gaaxsendeboda. ledi melburnma,romelsac rCevisTvis mimarTa, ganucx-ada, aRaraferi gamegebao: `Cemgan aRarunda elodoT, rom gavigo da avxsna mTe-li is gaugebrobebi, romlebic am sxva-dasxva qalSia, romelTa Sesaxebac miam-bobT. Tqven amas mieCvieT da eWvi ar aris,ufro naTlad unda xedavdeT yve-lafers~.

naTlad? ara, misTvis yvelaferisruliad bundovani iyo. susti kaci iyo.mas Semdeg, rac ledi frensisze mog-onebebma gafermkrTaleba daiwyo, mTelmis arsebas isev ogasta daepatrona. es-ton-holSi yofnisas TiTqmis daaviwydaigi. ise iSviaTad swerda mas werilebs,rom ogastam CaTvala Cemze gulmo-suliao. oRond, ai, noemberSi ki, bairon-ma Tavisi portreti gaugzavna. ogastam,romelsac imisic eSinoda sayvareli yo-filiyo da imisac _ gadaiyvarebdnen,paketiT Tavisi Tma da frangulad daw-erili werili gamougzavna:

`yvela Tqveni grZnoba gaviziaro; yve-laferi Tqveni TvaliT davinaxo; mx-olod Tqveni rCevebiT vimoqmedo; mx-olod TqveniT vicxovro, es aris Cemisurvili da Cemi ocneba. erTaderTixvedri, ramac SeiZleba bednieri gamxa-

dos~.Tmis kululis qvemoT miawera: ogas-

ta.baironma miumata: Tma imisa, vinc yve-

laze metad miyvars~.is aRar cdilobda brZolas.

`grZnobas, romelic erTi xania mipy-robs, SiSis SegrZneba ereva da sxvagrZnobebs amtknarebs. mokled, misi mo-qmedebis erT-erTi Sedegi miTridatesambavs hgavs, romelmac organizmi Tan-daTan miaCvia yvelaze Zlier sawamlavs,magram, roca misi daxmareba dasWirda,raTa ubedurebebs gaqceoda da cxovre-ba daemTavrebina, sawamlavma aRar imo-qmeda~.

is axal poemaze _ `korsarze~muSaobda, romelic `con amore127 davw-ere da cxovrebidan aris aRebuli~.Tumc poema cxovrebidan~ iyo aRebuli,magram konradi, korsari, baironi ara,magram baironiseburi gmiris tipi iyo,iseTi, rogoric hojsons aRuwera jerkidev 1811 wels da rogoric `giaurSi~gamoiyvana _ mZvinvare, pirquSi, ve-luri, bedisweris mier marTuli, sam-yaroze Tavdatexili qariSxali, `samu-mis msgavsi~. ar ician, saidan movida ansaiT midis. idumalebiT aris mosili. miswarsulSi mudam danaSauli ifareba,romelic CvenTvis ucnobi rCeba. `mis-Tvis arc sinanuli arsebobs, arc uary-ofa, arc monanieba; is, rac srulyofil-ia, ar SeiZleba ganadgurdes. ar SeiZle-ba waSalo wauSleli. igi mxolod safla-vSi poulobs simSvides. ufro rjul-gandgomilia an aTeisti. mosvenebaseZebs. sakuTar Tavs rom gaeqces, mo-qmedebaSi ebmeba, brZolaSi; korsari Tumekobre sazogadoebas ucxadebs oms:Zlier SegrZnebebs eswrafis. daRupvaelis _ mzad aris, yovelgvari safasur-is gaRebiT, iyidos mowyenilobisganTavis daxsnis saSualeba~.

baironsa da baironul gmirTa SorisaSkara msgavsebaa: maRali warmoSoba, si-WabukeSi mgznebare da TanamgrZnobiguli, imedis gacrueba, RvarZli da sa-sowarkveTa. magram baironul gmirs isdramebi aqvs cxovrebaSi, razec baironimxolod ocnebobda. konradi moqmedeb-is kaci iyo, mekobreTa beladi; baironi,romelsac sizante tanjavda, umoqmedod

127. siyvaruliT /ital./

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iyo. konradi Zlieri iyo, baironi _ koW-li; konradi _ Savgvremania, baironi _fermkrTali. konradis sicili geslianidacinva iyo, `romelic adamianebs aS-magebda da aZrwolebda~; bairons mx-iaruli da mimzidveli sicili hqonda.baironSi bevri ram iyo bavSvuri; jansa-Ri azrovnebac hqonda da iumoric.mrisxanebis Setevisas, erTi wamiT, kon-radad iqceoda xolme, magram yoveldRi-ur cxovrebaSi baironi da baironuligmiri naklebad hgavdnen erTmaneTs daorive erTad erTmaneTisTvis saxifa-Toc iyo. baironi, Tavisdauneburad, imadamianebs, romelTa Zlierebad daxat-vac undoda, Tavis sakuTar sisusteebsmiawerda; baironuli gmiri arabune-brivi Teatraluri figura xdeba, rom-lis mibaZvac bairons Tavis movaleobadmiaCnda. konradis dacviT, sakuTar Tavsicavda.

is mainc baironi iyo, miamiti Wabuki.adamianebma, gansakuTrebiT ki qalebma,aiZules, imedgacruebis skola gaevlo.mas Semdeg, sakuTar Tavs korsarad xe-davda, kanongareSe mdgars, damnaSaveadamianad, siyvarulis adamianad,Tavisebur raindad, magram adamianTamodgmis mtrad, erTi arsebis garda; isqali iyo, romelic konrads uyvarda daromelsac baironma jer franCeska daar-qva, ledi frensisis saxsovrad, mere kimedora.

baironis poemis gmiri qalebic sain-tereso masalaa analizisTvis. im mSve-nieri idealis nazi, aramiwieri anarek-lni, romelTa povnis imedic am cxovre-baSi gadauwyda. `siamovnebaTa namdviliSemfasebeli, _ ambobda baironi, _Tavis warmosaxvaSi arasodes dauSvebssinamdvilis uxeSobas. siyvaruli veritans verafers miwiers, materialurs,misTvis ucxoa fizikuri siamovneba. mx-olod dabindul mogonebebs, romlebicTiTqmis dagvaviwyda, unari aqvT zizRiar Cagvinergon~. saocari filosofiaaledi melburnis mowafisTvis. magramsiamovnebebis es didi maZieblebi mudambevrs laparakoben mgznebare siy-varulze, darwmunebulni arian, rom mx-olod SiSveli siyvaruli uZluria, Caax-Sos maTi mowyeniloba. siyvarulSi mar-to qalebi rCebian realistebad, magramkonrads, Tavis Semqmnelis msgavsad,rainduli siyvaruliT uyvarda medora,

Tavisi warmosaxvis nayofi.

baironma Tavisi `korsaris~ xelnaw-eri maris gadasca, TviTon ki, 17 ianvars,dasTan erTad niustedSi gaemgzavra. bi-likebi, serebi _ yvelaferi, Tovls dae-fara da saabato gasaocrad lamazi iyoam zamTris fonze. jer meri Cavorsismonaxuleba undoda, romelic iqve ax-los cxovrobda. magram mdnar Tovlsgzebi Caerecxa, Tanac niustedi, roca iqogasta iyo, iseTi saamuri TavSesafariCanda, sulac ar iyo saWiro, rogorcledi karolinasTan moiTxovdnen, yovelsityvas gonebamaxvilobiT ebrwyina. arvamTqnarebT, mudam yvelaferze Tanxmo-ba gvaqvs; imaze mets viciniT, vidre aseTdarbaislur saxls Sehferis. gardaamisa, Cveni sagvareulo morcxvoba nebasgvaZlevs, erTmaneTis sazogadoebaSiufro mxiaruli viyoT, vidre ucxo ad-amianebTan varT~.

uzarmazari, TaRiani darbazebi maTisiciliT iyo aklebuli. baironi ogastasitaliurs aswavlida. samyaro maTTvisar arsebobda; mxolod ledi mulburniiwereboda Soridan, frTxilad iyaviTo;dro xom ar aris, baironi, dasTan erTad,gonivrul cxovrebas daubrundeso?..baironi, rogorc yovelTvis, ogastasicavda:

`X _ yvelaze araegoisturi arsebaaam samyaroSi. Tqven, albaT, arcdaijerebT, rom romelimes, Cven orTa-gan, SeiZleba keTili grZnobebigvqondes. me rac Semexeba, ar uarvyof,magram is _ ar iciT, rogori arsebaa;misi erTaderTi codva _ es Cemi dana-Saulia; me ki aranairi gamarTleba aramaqvs, garda vnebebis, romelic gama-rTlebis mizezad ar CaiTvleba. sikeTi-Ta da xasiaTiT Seudarebel adamianadmimaCnia. dameTanxmebiT, rom is marTlacsiyvarulisTvis gangawyobT; vecdebigadaviyvaro. Tu Cemi ar gjeraT, hkiTx-eT maT, vinc ukeT icnobs. vambob, ukeT-meTqi, radgan Seyvarebuli adamianiiseve brmaa, rogorc siyvaruli... Tanac,iseTi fizikuri da moraluri aRzrdisSedegad, romelic me miviRe, sxva ukeT-ess, ras unda elodes kaci. ucnauria,magram winaTgrZnoba yovelTvis mqonda.maxsovs, bavSvobaSi, romaul istorieb-Si wavikiTxe, erT qorwinebaze, rocaerTmaneTs vnaxavT, giambobT. maSin de-

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daCems vkiTxe, ratom ar davqorwinde X-ze-meTqi~.

ogasta pirvelad cxovrobda sakuTarZmasTan erT WerqveS da gaocebuli xe-davda, ra adamianic iyo. xedavda date-nil dambaCebs, RamiT rom sawolis gver-diT iwyobda; misi Ramis koSmarebisSesaxebac hqonda gagebuli, zogjer ise-Ti saSineli rom iyo, fletCers eZaxda,isic Sedioda batonTan da amSvidebda.ZilSi Zlier akraWunebda da akawkaweb-da kbilebs, pirSi xelsaxocs udebdnen,ena rom ar moekvnita. roca ar eZina, mTe-li Rame gazian wyals svamda, TormetboTlamde aTavebda, magram mainc sw-yuroda, zogjer iseTi wyurvili awameb-da, boTls yels atexda, swrafad romdarwyulebuliyo. diliT magneziisdaujerebel dozas iRebda. es uazroreJimi mis saWmlis monelebaze cudadmoqmedebda. mrisxaneba, zogjer rom eu-fleboda raRac wvrilmanis gamo, auwer-eli iyo. ogasta masSi ketrin gordonisxasiaTs scnobda da fiqrobda, Tu bairo-ni cols moiyvanda, mis cols arcTuioli cxovreba eqneboda.

ianvris bolos, misis li, romlis or-sulobac karga SesamCnevi gaxda, iZule-buli Seiqna saxlSi dabrunebuliyo.

bunebaSi, sayvareli arsebis gverdiTadamiani iSviaTad grZnobs Tavs ube-durad. niustedSi yofna mxiaruli sa-trfialo intermedia gaxldaT. magrambaironi londonSi dabrunda Tu ara,isev qariSxalSi moxvda, romelmac yove-li mxridan Semoutia. ogastasTan misiurTierToba qalaqSi Woraobis sagnadiqca. sakuTar saqmeebze laparakis man-eraSi, sxvebis werilebis CvenebaSi uki-dures TavSeukaveblobas iCenda. is gul-Riad elaparakeboda asobiT adamians daarcTu iSviaTad, yvelaze Seuferebleb-sac ki. karolina lemi Worebs yrida.itonis skolis mowafeebi `abidoselisacolis~ kiTxvisas, misis lis ZmisSvilsekiTxebodnen, xom ar ariso zeliuko ma-midaSeni? baironi, romelsac dumilisunari ar Seswevda, misis holandis sa-lonSi Zalze gabedul azrebs afrqvev-da Zmebisa da debis urTierTobebze.`erTi qali, romelic Zalian miyvars, _ganucxadebia mas, _ Cemgan bavSvs elis.Tu gogona gaCndeba, medoras davarqmev~.salonidan gamosvlisas, stumrebs Tave-

bi gadauqneviaT da am metismetad aSka-ra miniSnebaze alaparakebulan. am dana-Saulis aRmoCena, ledi melburnisazriT, Sendoba rom ar SeiZleba, miTufro sasiamovno iyo, radgan baironiguliT sZuldaT. man lordTa palataSiradikaluri vigis pozicia daiWira, racmosawoni ar iyo. arc napoleoniT aRfr-Tovaneba daumalavs; Tumca mokavSiree-bi ukve Sevidnen safrangeTSi, is maincimeds ar hkargavda, rom misi bonaparti,`misi gmiri~, maT daamarcxebda.saSinelebad miaCnda ukan dabruneba`Zvel, uazro, mosawyen evropuli gawo-nasworebis sistemaSi, sadac yvelaferiiqamde midioda, rom mefis cxviriswverze, rogorme, Calis Reros wonas-woroba SeenarCunebina~. ase xmamaRlamsjelobda qveyanaSi, romelic saomarmdgomareobaSi iyo, qveyanaSi, sadac ni-Wma da satrfialo Tavgadasavlebma arc-Tu cota mteri SesZina. londonma poe-tis winaaRmdeg imdeni boRma daagrova,poetisa, romelmac Tavs neba misca dagenialuri iyo, umSvenieresi garegnobahqonda, Tavi damoukideblad eWira, romumciresi biZgi kmaroda, es boRma jo-joxeTur siZulvilad qceuliyo. es bi-Zgi rva xaziani leqsi aRmoCnda, romel-ic princ-regentis sawinaaRmdegod,erTi wlis win dawera. ambobdnen, rocaprincma Tavisi megobari vigebi miatova,misi qaliSvili, princesa Sarlota atir-da, da baironma princesas anonimurileqsi gaugzavnao:

`moTqmiT itire, dido asulo,mamis sircxvili, qveynis dacema;codvebi mSoblis, misi warsuliagdevnebia viT anaTema!

bedma samSoblo sxva simZimiliT, _itire! - metad rom ar danacros;Senive xalxis wrfeli Rimilimjera, dagxvdeba cremlis sanacv-

lod~!128

maSin kacs ar miuqcevia amisTvisyuradReba, magram roca korsari ibeWd-eboda, baironma survili gamoTqva, mis-Tvis princesasadmi miZRvnili leqsicmiematebinaT da misi avtoroba eRiare-binaT. marim gaafrTxila, SeiZleba sax-ifaTo iyoso. `gana CemTvis sulerTi ar

128. Targmna inesa merabiSvilma.

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aris, rac amas mohyveba, _ Seepasuxabaironi, _ Cemi politikuri Sexedule-ba iseTivea, rogorc axalgazrda say-varelia moxucisTvis; rac ufro uime-doa, miT ufro vufrTxildebi~. ormaoTxma xazma presaSi saSineli aRSfoTe-bis qariSxali gamoiwvia. lanZRavdnenara marto baironis politikur Sexed-ulebebs, aramed mis xasiaTsac, nawar-moebebsac, fizikur naklsac ki. ramden-ime paskvili imdenad TavSeukavebeliaRmoCnda, rom bairons megobrebi ur-Cevdnen cilismwameblebs Wkua aswavleo.man upasuxa, mxolod Tanaswori adami-anebisadmi SeiZleba mqondes siZulvili,magram umcires siamovnebasac ar mani-Webs am yurbelebis daxrCoba, rogorisaZulvelnic unda iyvneno.

rogorc yovelTvis xdeba xolme,amjeradac, sagazeTo werilebisqariSxalma wigni warmatebis mwverval-ze aiyvana~. gamosvlis dResve cametiaTasi gaiyida, _ poeturi nawarmoebi-sTvis aqamde gaugonari cifria.

warmateba ara marto skandalmauzrunvelyo; am poemaSi bevrma dainaxa,miuxedavad ucnauri siuJetisa /ramacmaSin aravin gaaoca/, uSualo da sruligulwrfeloba, rac maT survilebs pa-suxobda. `amaRlebuli stili, yovelg-vari banalurobisadmi, simdablisadmizizRi, gabeduleba, _ safuZveli yvelagmirobisaTvis, _ romelic arafriswinaSe ar Cerdeba, bolomde midis, siy-varuli Tvaluwvdeneli sivrceebisa,Tavisuflebisa, da es ritmi, napirebzemimsxvreuli talRis ritms romgvagonebs, _ yvelaferi es mkiTxvelsxiblavda. im TaobisTvis, romelTacmZlavri gancdebi enatrebodaT, konra-di vaJkacobis gansaxiereba iyo, adamiani,romelic Tavis instinqtebs mihyvebodada bolomde midioda. `baironis gavle-na gansakuTrebuli iyo. mas yvelgankiTxulobdnen. poeziiT arasodes romar dainteresebulan, isinic ki misleqsebs kiTxulobdnen. Zvelma mezRvau-rebma, meduqneebma, Cinovnikebma, Ter-Zebma, modistebma, xelovnebis didma Sem-faseblebma, yvelam, misi poemidan mTe-li gverdebi icoda zepirad~. `korsar-Si~ ufro metad, vidre `Caild harold-Si~, baironi meamboxeTa poeti iyo, yve-la imaTi, vinc evropaSi politikuri dagrZnobaTa Tavisuflebis imedi dakarga.

londoni. martooba amden xalxSi. cx-ovrebis sicarielis SegrZneba. sakuTarTavs vekiTxebi, viRacas ra eSmakad moun-da aseTi samyaros Seqmna: ra mizniTSeiqmna, magaliTad, dendebi da mefeebi,kolejebis aspirantebi da qalebi `gan-sazRvruli asakisa~ _ da bevri sxva ad-amiani, ra asakisac unda iyos, _ da racmTavaria, me TviTon!.. yvelafer amiszRvars miRma arsebobs rame? vin icis?iman, visac amis Tqma ar SeuZlia. da vinlaparakobs amaze? is, vinc es ar icis~.22 ianvars ocdaeqvsi weli Seusrulda.`eqvsasi guliT, _ ambobda is, _ eqvsi kijansaRi azriT~. ocdaeqvsi wlisas ukvemoeTxoveboda raRac yofiliyo. raswarmoadgenda? vis uyvarda? Tumc sezo-nis lomi aRar iyo, mainc yvelgan iwvevd-nen, magram TviTon ar undoda aravisinaxva. `hobhauzi ambobs, rom miukarebe-li gavxdi _ namdvili Sinmjdomi kaci.marTalia... am bolo kviraSi _ vkiTxu-lobdi, TeatrSic viyavi, iSviaTad, ma-gram viRacebma mainc Semoiares;vamTqnarebdi, vxvneSodi, arafers vwer-di, garda werilebisa. mudmivad rom Se-meZlos kiTxva, aranairi sazogadoeba ardamWirdeboda. gana vnanob? hm! mamakace-bi CemSi aranair aRfrTovanebas ariwveven, rac Seexeba qalebs _ erTi se-nia yvela. qalebis sazogadoebaSiCemTvis aris raRac damamSvidebeli, amisaxsnac ki ar SemiZlia, radgan am sqeszemaincdamainc maRali azrisa ara var, ma-gram faqtia, _ mudam ukeTesi ganwyo-bileba maqvs, sakuTari Tavisadmic dasxvebisadmic, roca Cems horizontze qa-lia. Cemi saxlis patronsac ki, misismiuls, romelic mis jiSSi yvelaze bebe-ria da CaCanaki, SeuZlia gamacinos, Zne-li amocana ar aris, roca ganwyobilivar. e-eh! rogor minda Cems kunZulzeviyo!~.

mefe liri, hamleti, makbeti... yovelsaRamos dadioda Seqspiris sanaxavad.ukve zepirad icoda. maTiT cxovrobda.Tavis dRiurSi danieli princis damaxa-siaTebel nawyvet-nawyvet stils ukvexSirad iyenebda. 1814 wlis zamTarSi cx-ovrebac ki Seqspiruli iyo. imperiisdrama dasasruls uaxlovdeboda. vaxS-mobisas, hobhauzma restoranSi sanaZle-oc ki dado erT sadilze _ mokavSiree-

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bi, Tebervlis bolos, parizs aiRebeno.Tavisi gmiris erTgulma baironma, sana-Zleo miiRo. 28-Si bliuxeri mosTan iyoda baironma sadili moigo. martSibrZolebi fer-SampenuazSi mimdinareob-da. da ramdenime kviris ganmavlobaSiimeds ar kargavdnen inglisis mokav-Sireebi _ bliuxeri da Svarcenbergi _damarcxdebodnen. mere yvelaferi piri-qiT moxda. or aprils, ogastasgan dab-runebulma, romelsac male unda emSo-biara, gaigo, rom misi tanmorCili gmi-ri, napoleoni kvarcxlbekidan Camoeg-doT. `es yaCaRebi parizSi Sevidnen~, _Tqva man. aTSi cnobili gaxda misi gada-dgomisa da kunZul elbaze gadasaxleb-is ambavic. hobhauzi da baironi ilumi-naciis sayureblad gavidnen londonSi.princ-regentis sasaxleze uzarmazariasoebi brwyinavda: `gaumarjos burbon-ebs da dideba SroSnebs~.

baironis dRiuri: am dRes moviniSnav:napoleon bonapartem did imperiazexeli aiRo. Zalian kargi. ase mgonia,sula129 ukeTesad moiqca... rogor?daeloda, vidre dedaqalaqs aiRebdnenda mere uari Tqva imaze, rac ukve dakar-ga. kunZuli elba, simSvidis navsayude-li... gancvifrebuli var da araferigamegeba. ar vici, magram ase mgonia, romme, mec ki /mumli am adamianTan Sedare-biT/, mzad viyavi sicocxles gamovTx-ovebodi imisTvis, rac am dartymis me-milioned nawiladac ar Rirs. bolos dabolos, iqneb, gvirgvini arc Rirs imad,rom mis gamo mokvde? magram amdeni gaa-keTo da mxolod amisTvis?!~.

damcinavi oda dauwera Tavis gmirs,romelmac ase `moatyua~.

hobhauzi STabeWdilebebis maZiebelikaci iyo, amitom safrangeTSi wasvlagadawyvita, raTa Tavisi TvaliT enaxaurCxulis ukanaskneli nakvalevi.baironTan erTad undoda gamgzavreba,magram bairons ogastas mSobiarobaakavebda. TxuTmet aprils ogastas gogoSeeZina, romelsac medora /gaufrTx-ileblobis mwvervali/ daarqves. TavisimamobiT gaamayebuli baironi maSinvemaTTan gaCnda. ledi melburns, romel-mac, rasakvirvelia, uwinaswarmetyvela

_ sisxlis aRreviT Sobili bavSvi urCx-uli iqnebao, miswera: `oo, es amad Rir-da. ar SemiZlia vTqva ratom, magram isurCxuli ar aris, da Tu urCxuli gamo-va, esec Cemi danaSaulis gamo. saboloodgadavwyvite, gamovsworde. magram undadameTanxmoT, rom sruliad SeuZlebe-lia, vinmes kidev vuyvarde ise, Tundacsanaxevrod, rogorc mas vuyvarvar, me kimTeli cxovreba viswrafodi vinmedamerwmunebina Seveyvarebine, magramdRemde erTsac ar vyvarebivar Cemnairtips. diax, axla znekeTili adamianebigavxdebiT. Tumca, ukve varT znekeTile-bi da ase gavagrZelebT sam kviras damets~. bavSvis dabadebidan ramdenimedRis Semdeg, ogastas, romlis qmaricZveleburad valebSi iyo Cafluli, samiaTasi funti aCuqa.

ufro metad uyvarda axla, sa-sowarkveTili da TavSeukavebeli siy-varuliT; leqsebic uZRvna, romlebicSeiZleba, aqamde dawerilT SorissaukeTesoc iyo.

`roca Camowva irgvliv wyvdiadi,roca damexSo TiTqos goneba,roca imedi da ganTiadiiqca warsulad da mogonebad.

iyo sibnele, iyo tkiviliCems Tanadgomas eloda risxva,mtrobis nacadi Jivil-xivili,Suri, Ralati da avi sityva.

bedma mimtyuna, grZnoba gafrinda,laxvari Camces me siZulvilis,sicocxlis yvela feri gafiTrda,mxolod nugeSis iyo wyurvili.

Sen erTs gxedavdi caze varskvlavad,RmerTma dalocos yvela naTeli,mec mivyvebodi am sxivs kvaldakval,is Seni suliT iyo naferi.

viT serafimis Tvalis naTeba,Cemsa da Rames Sua ideqi _Savi Rrubeli, viT anaTema,dagvtrialebda erTi imediT,

rom daaxSobda Sens elvarebas,Tumca ibrZodnen cecxlis enebi,aRsdeqi sufTa, rogorc zmaneba,da Seni ZaliT sZlie bneleTi.

129. lucius kornelius sula /Zv. w. 138_ Zv.w. 78/ Zveli romis samxedro da poli-tikuri moRvawe.

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marad Cems sulSi minda saxlobde,ici, damdaRavs mZime braldeba,minda vusmende Sens xmas axlobels,Sen erTs Ralati ver dagbraldeba.

ideqi, viTarc xe moSriale,gautexeli, odnav moxrili,Tvalcremliani mwmenddi iarebs,did qartexilSi gzagamovlili.

vici, dagindobs Sen gansacdeli,ragind mimuxTlos brma bedisweram,keTils, siyvaruls RvTisgan

vinc elis,Sen, upirveless, daglocavs zena.

daimsxvres unda yvela kavSiri,Tu siyvarulis ar Seswevs Zala,suli udreki da Tan faqizi,es Seni unda cocxlobdes marad.

Sen STamagone Zala ulevi,roca cxovreba meqca uazrod,roca amqveynad Sen megulebi,sofels aRar vTvli ukve udabnod~.130

ra unda efiqra, aseTi mgznebarestriqonebis wakiTxvisas, mokrZalebulogastas? cxadia, moewoneboda. masTaviseburad uyvarda baironi. rasa-kvirvelia, mSvenivrad SeeZlo gaeZlo,rom is misi sayvareli ar yofiliyo. masundoda daeqorwinebina igi da am yve-lafrisTvis bolo moeRo, magram miswinaSe Zala ar hyofnida da nebisyofa.igi xom misi Zma iyo, saxelganTqmuli damdidari. da mis gaWirvebul, Seviwroe-bul cxovrebas mxsneliviT moevlina.qali daemorCila mas.

oTxi aTasi kaci, romlebic `fxiz-loben, roca sxva yvelas sZinavs~, daromlebic ingliss marTaven, ise mxiaru-lobdnen, rogorc arasdros. mSvidobissadideblad iseve cekvavdnen, rogorcomisa. mejlisebs marTavdnen ruseTisimperatorisa da prusiis mefis pativ-sacemad. klubSi, romlis wevric bairo-ni iyo, hercog velingtonis pativsace-mad bal-maskaradi moawyves. hobhauzialbanurad gamoewyo, baironma beris su-tani moirgo. `Isn’t he beautiful?~131 _ am-bobdnen qalebi. karolina lemi, etyoba,

Tavs inugeSebda da aTas sisuleles Ca-dioda, gvardiis erTi oficeric ki aiZu-la wiTeli mundiri gaexada.

roca baironi, gamTeniisas, saxlSibrundeboda, dasaZineblad maSinve arwveboda da samuSaod jdeboda. is`laras~ werda. amjerad, moqmedebis aR-mosavleTSi gadatanaze aRar uzrunia.laras samSoblo ara hqonda, arc rome-lime epoqas miekuTvneboda. namdvilibaironuli gmiri iyo: didsulovani xas-iaTi, guli, romelic siyvarulisTvisiyo Seqmnili, magram bavSvobidanve dam-axinjebuli, Wabukuri ocnebebisa daaRtkinebebisken Rrma swrafva, magram amugunurebas metismetad naTelad xedav-da, _ aseTi iyo lara, konradis msgavsi,Caild haroldis msgavsi da msgavsibaironisa. zogierT strofSi TviT av-tori ise aSkarad Canda, iseTi gasaocarimsgavseba iyo, rom ogastac ki gancvi-frebuli darCa.

is moxetiale suli iyo, sxva cxovre-bisTvis dabadebuli da bedisgan damna-SaveobisTvis ganwiruli. es iyo misiakviatebuli idea, ase fiqrobda sakuTarTavze. rac metia xasiaTSi sidiade, miTmetad saxifaToa imedgacrueba. rocadanaSaulisTvis ganwiruli, cxovrebaSikeTili zraxvebiT Sedis, mis mrisx-anebas, romelic Semdeg ipyrobs, erevaara marto mtanjavi qenjna sulisa,aramed Suric. im bednierebisadmi Suri,romelTac SeZles, sasargeblod gam-oiyenes Zalebi da adamianebTan omSi arCaebnen; gansakuTrebiT Suri imisadmi,rac SeeZlo yofiliyo da wamis erTgaelvebaSi rac iyo. rogorc demon lu-cifers Surs mTavarangeloz lucifer-isa, ise bairons Surda baironisa. bavS-vobaSi cota Tu ahyolia iseT amaRle-bul ocnebebs, rogorc idas serebzemdgari axalgazrda RmerTi ahyva. benet-stritis ganwirulma codvilma, vercdaviwyeba SeZlo da verc damSvideba. ap-atiebs ki odesme bairons, rom igi mg-znebare da nazi iyo?

gavida zafxuli. baironma ogastahastingsSi waiyvana zRvaze; iq orivemivlisi da agvisto gaatara. mere martodabrunda niustedSi. baironi da ogastawerilebs swerdnen erTmaneTs da am wer-ilebs, bavSvebiviT, uricxvi jvrebiTavsebdnen, rac kocnas niSnavda.

130. Targmna inesa merabiSvilma.131. gana lamazi mamakaci ar aris?~ /ing./

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XXI

niSnoba

niustedi. ramdenime Tvis ganmavlo-baSi myidvelis advokatebi hansons edav-ebodnen, magram hansoni Tavisaze mt-kiced idga da kontraqti yvela wesisdacviT Seadgines. axalgazrda klau-tons daTmobam mouwia da bairons misisaabato daubruna, damatebiT, pirobisSeusruleblobisTvis, ocdaxuTi aTasifuntic gadauxada. aman saSualeba mis-ca, raRac-raRac valebi daefara. niust-edSi ori kvira cxovrobda marto. meretomas muri miiwvia: adgili kargi saxil-velia. garwmunebT, aq mxiarulad cx-ovrobdnen Cems drosac ki. axla amanukve gaiara. magram mainc, moCveneba, go-Tika, ukacrieli midamo, tba _ bevrrames sicocxles aniWebs~. magram go-Tikam da ukacrielma midamom tomasmuri ver moxibla. mxolod erTma stu-marma daafasa _ Savi beris aCrdilma,romelmac derefanSi gverdiT Cauara, arSeCerebula, ise Sexeda anTebuliTvalebiT.

rogorc ki marto darCa niustedSi,colis moyvanaze daiwyo fiqri. ratomar unda moiyvanos? am saabatoSi metis-metad bevri sevdaa. kargi iqnebodavinmes gaCena, `visTanac drodadro er-Tad davamTqnarebdi~. mas `ganmartoebaarc ise izidavda, rogorc is siamovne-ba, roca satrfos uyveboda, rogor uy-vars ganmartoeba~. yvela saxis siyvaru-li gamoscada, garda qorwinebisa. yve-laferi uCveulo, saxifaTo moswonda.misi reputaciis kacis daqorwineba, ganauCveulo ar iyo? axlo mrCevlebiyovelmxriv agulianebdnen. ledi mel-burni swerda, rom misi xsna kanoniericoli iyo. ogasta colad romeliRacTavis megobars sTavazobda.

baironi _ ledi melburns: vfiqrob,colis moyvana yvelaze gonivruli gada-wyvetileba iqneba, magram visze davqor-winde? ar SemiZlia sakuTari guliSevTavazo da samagierosac ar veli; ma-gram, rogorc muri ambobs: `lamazicoli _ gvariani retiradaa132 garyvni-lis gamaZRari pativmoyvareobisTvis~.Cems cols SeuZlia is gaakeTos, rasac

moisurvebs, magram kargi xasiaTi undahqondes, mSvidad moiqces da sindisisTavisufleba momces. ufro coli-me-gobari mWirdeba, vidre santimentaluricoli. bevri minaxavs siyvaruliT daqor-winebuli da bednieri. colqmrul cx-ovrebaSi Cemi wilis misaRebad Tavs vergavwirav. erTaderTi usiamovneba isiqneba, Tu sakuTari coli Semiyvardeba,rac nakleb damajerebelia, radganCveuleba ucnaur gavlenas axdens CemsgrZnobebze. ai, maSin ki, eWviani gavxde-bi da Tqven jer kidev ar iciT, ra urCx-ulad SeiZleba maqcios cudma vnebebma!~.

visze SeaCeros arCevani? iyo vinmeledi ketrin anslei, ledi frensis ueb-steris umcrosi da, mSvenieri, sruliadaxalgazrda, `da vfiqrob, sulelic, ma-gram gansjis ufleba ara maqvs, radganiSviaTad minaxavs. Tumca kabiani gonebazizRs mgvris~. iyo kidev adelaid forb-si, romelic apolon belvederels133

hgavda. iyo ogastas megobaric, qur-cikis Tvaleba, ledi Sarlota lusengoueri. kidev mSvenieri mis elfinsto-ni, romelTanac baironi gamudmebiTTavs iwonebda da romelic eubneboda,kaprizuli kaci brZandebiTo. da, racmTavaria, iyo anabela. ucnauria, magramam orma sruliad gansxvavebulma adami-anma, ori wlis ganmavlobaSi, ver moax-erxa sabolood daSoreboda erTmaneTs.`paralelogramebis princesas~ uarisSemdeg, baironi Tavs movaled Tvlidaukmayofileba ar gaemJRavnebina. àrvici, im crurwmenebze maRla vdgavar Tuara, romelic aseT SemTxvevaSi adamian-cxovels axasiaTebs, magram imaze maRlaki vdgavar, rom isini aRmovaCino~. Tandaumata: ùnda gamovtyde, verasodesdaviviwyeb gasuli zafxulis im uars _im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu igi xval `diaxad~iqceva~. odnav gaocebuli pativiscemisgrZnoba SemorCa erTaderTi qalisa,romelmac gabeda da uari uTxra, dakidev gaurkveveli grZnoba sinanulisa

132. ukandaxeva.

133. belvederi _ zogierTi sasaxlis sax-elwodeba. italiurad mSvenier gadasaxeds~niSnavs. ase ewodeba amaRlebul adgilzeaSenebul lamaz nagebobas. cnobilia praRis,venis, vaimaris sasaxleebi. gansakuTrebiT kivatikanis erTi sasaxle hqvia, sadac inaxebaapolonis ganTqmuli qandakeba, romelsacàpolon belvederels~ uwodeben.

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da cnobismoyvareobis. SeeZlo ki qals esmetafizikosi hyvareboda? ise ki TavS-esaqcevi iyo, am ase mkacri gonebis SeS-foTeba.

anabelasTvis yvelaze didi ubedure-ba is iyo, rom am saxifaTo gamarjvebiTmetismetad dainteresda. cxadia, siam-ovnebda iseTi Tayvanismcemelis mizid-va, romlis dauflebasac amaod cdilob-da misi SeSlili biZaSvili, garda amisa,darwmunebulic iyo, rom mxolod mas damxolod mas SeeZlo gadaerCina es mSve-nieri codvili. roca kargad daculgulSi iparebi, zogjer siyvaruli ucn-aur saxes iRebs. anabelas Tavisi msxver-plis wyurvili klavda. mas Semdeg, racbaironma xeli sTxova, _ rac mis uS-foTvel cxovrebaSi didi movlena iyo,romlis mTel mniSvnelobaSic baironma,mRelvarebis demonma, Cawvdoma ver SeZ-lo, _ qals isev ise ainteresebda misiqcevebi. suleluri da boroti Worebibaironze, londonSi rom avrcelebdnen,aSfoTebda. ambobdnen, bairons ledioqsfordis ufrosi qaliSvilis wayvanaunda romeliRac kunZulze, rom aRzar-dos da mere colad SeirToso. imasacambobdnen, cudad moeqca Wabuk klau-tons, romelsac niustedis yidva undo-da; rom klautoni gaufrTxilebladmoiqca, roca auqcionze Zalze didifasi gadaixada da baironma sruliad gaa-kotrao. yvela es naambobi anabelasguls stkenda. Tavis mamidis, ledi mel-burnis meSveobiT bairons mokiTxvasa dakeTil survilebs uTvlida: radgan misinaxvis SemTxveva ar momeca, CemTvisZalze sasiamovno iqneba, Tu etyviT, rommudam mixaria, roca vigeb, rom bed-nieria. da Tu Cemi pativiscema odnavkmayofilebas mianiWebs, SeuZlia mS-vidad iyos, arasodes davujereb im ad-amianebs, romlebic masze cuds amboben~.mas imedi hqonda, rom bairons naxavda:`misi sazogadoeba imdenad saamurad mi-maCnia, siamovnebiT Cavigdeb Tavs iseTsafrTxeSi, kekluci qalis reputaciasrom Semiqmnis, oRond im pirobiT, Tu masraime vneba ar miadgeba~.

bolos, 1813 wlis agvistoSi, TviTon,_ axalgazrda qalisTvis gasaocari ga-bedulebaa, _ pirvelma miswera werili.atyobinebda, sxviTa varo gatacebuli /cxadia, gamogonili iyo, magram sacodavgogonas egona, Zalze natifad viqcevio/

; megobrobas sTavazobda da rCevebsaZlevda: `wuTieri gatacebis mona nuiqnebiT; amaod nu RupavT Tqvens keTil-Sobilur guliswadils... sikeTe ake-TeT... magram sikeTe rom gaukeToT ad-amianebs, jer isini unda giyvardeT dasisusteebi miutevoT~. hm... korsari,albaT, Caicinebda, man uzado weriliTupasuxa, saeWvoa, rom es werili zarze-imuri stiliT iyo dawerili: is iyopirveli qali, romelTanac ocnebobdaqorwinebas, da albaT, ukanasknelic.ledi melburni marTali iyo, roca am-bobda, sxvebs es urCevniao. ase iyo, asecdarCa simarTled. `Tqveni uari CemTvisaxali imedgacrueba mxolod imitom ariyo, rom SeuZlebelia im finjans dauma-to erTi wveTi simwarisac ki, romelicukve isedac bolomdea savse~. rac Seex-eba megobrobas: `meeWveba, rom rodismeSevZleb guli aviyaro Tqvenze... magramCemi grZnobebi, rogoric unda iyos, maT-gan ar gemuqrebaT rame devna da Sevi-wroeba~. ra mokrZalebulia da seriozu-li; albaT, ledi melburnisTvis Zneliiqneboda Tavisi megobari ecno am weril-Si! magram TviTon ki icoda ra iyo es?TamaSi Tu gulwrfeloba? yvela adami-aniviT, romelnic didi warmosaxvis un-ariT arian dajildoebulni, esec,bunebiT qameleoni, ra wuTsac werilsswerda, im wuTSi iqmnida TavisTvis amaxalgazrda qalis saxes. axsendebodasakmaod mrgvali, magram swornakvTebi-ani saxe, mSvenieri tani. mas undoda mos-wonebodaT. iseT saxes iRebda, mismiznebs yvelaze ukeT rom gamoadgebo-da.

susti, paradoqsuli megobroba iyo,magram igi gagrZelda. baironi masSi uc-naur siamovnebas grZnobda. pikanturiegona, roca ledi melburns misi ZmisS-vilis, anabelas, maRalfardovani~ wer-ili aCvena, dabneuli sakuTar Tavs romsayvedurobda, uari rad giTxario, axlaangariSs aRarafers uwevda da cdilob-da iZulebuli gaexada baironi, kideverTxel eTxova misi xeli. ah, rogornanobda axla, roca maSin uari uTxra immizeziT, TiTqosda sxva uyvarda!

rasakvirvelia, qalma miznad misi ga-mosworeba daisaxa: `misTvis cnobiliabaironis zogierTi keTili saqcieli;isic icis, rom igi imaze ukeTesia, rasacmasze laparakoben. misi sicili gulwr-

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felad ar JRers, igi ubeduria da anabe-la amas grZnobs. nuTu marTalia, rommorwmune ara xarT?~ aq ki baironma nam-dvilad didi gulwrfeloba gamoiCina:`axla im sakiTxTan mivedi, romelsac,rogorc Tqven SeamCnieT, aqamde gavur-bodi _ saSineli sakiTxia _ religia.Cemi cxovrebis pirvel naxevarSi Sot-landiaSi vizrdebodi, kalvinistebTan,ramac Rrma siZulvili Caminerga am seq-tisadmi. mas Semdeg vewvie yvelaze mor-wmune da yvelaze nakleb morwmune qvey-nebs _ espaneTs, saberZneTs, TurqeTs.am sakiTxze saboloo azri Camoyali-bebuli ara maqvs. cxadia, RmerTi mwamsda moxaruli viqnebodi Tu ukeT damar-wmunebdnen da gamarkvevdnen amaSi. Tuaxla mtkice rwmena ar gamaCnia tradi-ciaSi, ar vaRiareb ama Tu im dogmas, esrodi niSnavs, rom pativs ar vcem Semo-qmeds, Tumca misi qmnilebebisadmi argamaCnia pativiscema~.

anabelam lokis134 wakiTxva urCia da`mtkicebebs aseT mniSvnelobas nu miani-WebT~-o. magram baironma loki ar wai-kiTxa, samagierod, waikiTxa ufro mkac-ri winaswarmetyvelebi. is arc uaryof-da, magram arc swamda: `saboloo azram-de ver mivedi, magram skepticizmisfarisevloba aranakleb damRupveladmimaCnia, vidre RvTismosavuri Seuwy-narebloba... ratom var aq? araferi vici.saiT mivdivar? amao kiTxvaa. uamravcocxal Tu mkvdar samyaros Soris, var-skvlavebis, sistemebis, usazRvroebasSoris, gana Rirs atomis bedze viRel-vo?~ Semdeg werilSi anabela pasuxobda:`marTalia atomebi varT, magram ganaatomi arafers niSnavs am usazRvroeba-Si? uaryo misi SesaZleblobebi, romCaswvde usazRvrod mcires usazRvroddidis Tanabrad _ es niSnavs uaryo misiRvTaebrivi Tviseba~. Tavis sulierZalaSi, Tavisi gonebis siZliereSi dar-wmunebuli, bairons sulis mxsnelrCevebs aZlevda: `gamoiCineT gulmowy-aleba da misiT STagonebas miiRebT.sikeTe hqmeniT. Tumc me ara var sruly-ofileba, mainc sixaruli SevigrZeni,roca adamianebs nugeSi mivutane dalmobiereba gavuRviZe~.

iseTi grZnoba hqonda, TiTqos avad-

myofTan midioda da uvlida. sacodavianabela! rac ufro metad gaurbodabaironi, miT metad undoda qals werile-bi ewera misTvis. ver SeZlo am gasaocarisaxis moSoreba; mis poemebs kiTxulob-da: `korsari~, `giauri~. xvdeboda, romgrZnobaTa gamoxatvaSi xelovndebodabaironi: `siyvarulis miseuli aRweraise kargia, rom cotas darCa, TviTonacSeyvarebuli ar gavxdi~. yvela megobarsamas eubneboda, mamida ledi melburnsacmiswera. arsebiTad, mTlianad misiT iyoSTagonebuli, TviTon ki ar aRiarebdaamas. egona, sakuTar Tavs kargad icnob-da, seriozuli iyo da ganswavluli.lordi baironi ki sacodavi arseba gax-ldaT, romelsac saTnoebis wiaRSidaabrunebda. imdeni gabeda, rommSoblebi aiZula da sihemSi miiwvies igi.`unda gauwyoT, _ swerda anabela ledimelburns, _ rom Cemma mSoblebma gaig-es, lordi baironi CrdiloeTSi dasa-bruneblad emzadebao, amitom xel-sayrelad miiCnies misi CvenTan mowveva.Zalian gamixardeba, Tu mowvevas miiRebs,romelsac mama amave fostiT ugzavnis...CemTvis sulerTia, ras ilaparakeben;vici, Tqven aseT qcevas gonivrulad mi-iCnevT~.

miuxedavad aseTi saTuTi naTesauriurTierTobisa, mamida da ZmisSvili isenaklebad hgavdnen erTmaneTs, saeWvoa,rom morigebuliyvnen. anabelas Tavisimamida qarafSuta da uzneo qalad miaCn-da; ledi melburns ar moswonda, rom ax-algazrda qali xan maTematikiT iyogatacebuli da xan metafizikiT. Tavgzaebneoda, roca eubneboda Cemi sayvarelimwerlebi Sotlandieli filosofosebi-ao, Tan umatebda: `bevris azrs ar vi-ziareb da mimaCnia, am wignebs SeuZliaTdidi praqtikuli sargebeli moitanon,cxovrebis yvelaze ubralo SemTxveveb-Sic ki~. moxucma mamidam sTxova, aRmiw-ere, ra Tvisebebi ginda dainaxo SensqmarSio. man ai aseTi formiT miiRodawvrilebiTi angariSi:

`qmarimas unda hqondes movaleobis mtkice

principebi, rac Zlieri da amaRlebuligrZnobebiT unda marTos da daumorCi-los gonebis xmas.

Cemi azriT, genialuroba aucilebeliar aris, Tumca, sasurveli kia, Tuki igiimas daerTveba, razec axla gelapara-

134. jon loki /1632-1704/ _ ingliselifilosofosi da ganmanaTlebeli.

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keT.xasiaTs moviTxov, romlisTvisac

ucxo iqneba eWvianoba da midrekili ariqneba ganuwyveteli cudi ganwyobileb-isken; aseve Cemdami siyvarulSi didwonasworobas moviTxov, da ara im mZafrgrZnobas, romelic yovelgvari umniS-vnelo mizezis gamo, SeiZleba gaizardosanda Semcirdes.

minda, rom Cemi qmari Wkvian mrCevladmimiCnevdes da ara damrigeblad, romSeZlos da brmad momendos.

warmoSobas CemTvis mniSvneloba araqvs. magram kargi warmoSoba mniSvnelo-van upiratesobad mimaCnia.

silamaze ar mainteresebs, magramCemTvis mniSvneloba aqvs jentlmenurmanerebs, uromlisodac, mjera, ver mim-izidavs.

im ojaxSi ar Seval, romlis jiSsacSeSlilobisken Zlieri midrekilebebiaqvs~.

ledi melburni am sabuTis kiTxvisas,albaT, mxrebs iCeCda. moiTxovo im adami-anisgan, romlis Seyvarebac ginda mSra-li windaxeduleba da civi principulo-ba~ da ar moiTxovo àrc niWi, arc mx-iaruleba, arc gulwrfeloba, arcsikeTe~ _ sisuleled eCvena. ZmisSvilsusayvedura, oCofexebiT dadixar da arafexebiT, rogorc yvela adamianio. ana-bela ki mSvidad edaveboda: `cdebiT,roca ggoniaT, rom grZnobebs gverdsvuvli. mimaCnia, rom grZnobebi erTian-deba sityva àmaRlebulSi~. sulac arvfiqrob, rom Cemi moxiblva mSraliwindaxedulobiTa da civi principulo-biT SesaZlebelia, piriqiT, mudam mZul-da aseTi adamianebi. aseTi amomwuraviaxsna-ganmartebebis Semdeg, iqneb gada-yaroT Cemi oCofexebi da dameTanxmoT,rom TiTiswverebze davdivar mxolod~.

anabela, albaT, Zalian gaocdeboda,rom SeZleboda, scenis iqiT Seexeda, dawaekiTxa is, rac baironma miawera miswerils, romelic ledi melburnma aCve-na: ìs, etyoba, ise ar iyo ganebivrebu-li, rogorc Cveulebriv anebivrebenbavSvebs, aramed gaanebivres sistemat-urad. erTgvari klarisa harloua135 ux-

eiro SesworebebiT _ darwmunebuliasakuTar ucodvelobaSi, rac miiyvans, anSeiZleba miiyvanos, raRac mniSvnelovanSecdomasTan... msjelobs da kamaTobsCemTan metafizikur Temebze. da Tu masseriozulad warmoudgenia siamovnebasmomaniWebs wminda aTanasis Credo-s Ses-wavla, vfiqrob, cdeba. axla is ar miy-vars, magram winaswar ar SemiZlia gan-vWvrito, ra moxdeba, Tu /rogorc fal-stafi ambobs/ ìvnisi odnav cxeli iqne-ba~, magram misiT, rogorc gamorCeuliqaliT, seriozulad var aRfrTovanebu-li, oRond metismetad aris gajerebulilmobierebiT da saTnoebiT~.

anabela ufro metad gaocdeboda,rom gaego, im dros, roca es mimoweragaimarTa, bairons yvelaze metad is ain-teresebda, ledi frensis uebsterigadawyvetda Tu ara qmris Ralats.

roca 1814 wlis agvistos dasawyisSi,baironi, niustedSi, seriozuladfiqrobda, marTlac sjobs davqorwind-eo, man mis milbenks miswera: yovelTvismiyvardiT _ miyvarxarT _ meyvarebiT_ da radgan es grZnoba nebisyofis aqtsar warmoadgens, amitom sakuTar TavsverafriT vexmarebi. roca SegxvdiT, vi-fiqre: ai, qali, romelsac SeuZlia bed-niereba mianiWos yvela adamians, Tu cx-adia, SeSlili an gamousworebeli avaza-ki ar aris. magram maSin miTxariT, romsxva giyvardaT da iqneb, daniSnulicxarT ukve. didi danaSauli iqneba qal-isgan moiTxovo aseTi cudi damokide-bulebis mizezis axsna. albaT, Semiy-varebdiT, rom SegeZloT. magram,rogorc etyoba, ar SegiZliaT, sruli-ad bunebrivi mizezebis gamo, es arc mao-cebs~.

es iyo yvelaze moridebuli, yvelazeenamWevri werili, romelic ki mas odes-me SeuTxzavs. magram anabelas unari arhqonda Tavisi grZnobebi Tavisi mrwam-sisgan gamoeyo, rogorc amas bevri ad-amiani akeTebs gauazreblad. baironiswerilze, romelSic xels sTxovda daamas qali ramdenime Tve eloda, erT-erTi Tavisi metafizikuri ustariT up-asuxa. anabela sakuTar Tavs ekiTxeboda,marTla iyo is, is damrigebeli, romel-ic unda aerCia magaliTad, am miwiericxovrebidan maradisobisken mimavalgzaze?~ bairons guli aeria, das sTxo-va, ogastas, romelic im dros masTan iyo

135. klarisa harlou _ ingliseli mwer-lis samiuel riCardsonis /1689-1761/ amavesaxelwodebis romani. am romanis gmiri _metad saTno qali.

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stumrad, sxvasTan /ledi Sarlota lus-en goueri/ mimaWankleo, magram ana-belaze uaris Tqma daenana. rogorc kiledi Sarlotas mSoblebis uari miiRo,gamococxlda da Tqva, axla TviTonvevecdebi bednierebis povnaso da 3 se-qtembers anabelas meored sTxova xeli.

baironi _ mis milbenks: `raRac min-da giTxraT, radgan SeiZleba erTxans,anda, iqneb, Zalian didxansac ver gnax-oT, amitom axla vecdebi giTxraT. is`winaaRmdegobebi~, romlebzec lapara-kobdiT, marTla ase dauZlevelia? an,iqneb, Cemi qcevis ukve cnobili maneriszogierTi cvlilebiT SeiZleba maTigadalaxva? kidev erTxel, Zaldautane-blad, gTavazobT am sakiTxs. CemsgrZnobebs icnobT _ da Tu aRar gimeo-rebT maT, esec mxolod imitom, rommeSinia, aRvagzno, an sul cota, gavaZli-ero Tqveni ukmayofileba~.

gagzavna es werili da mouTmenladeloda pasuxs. ogasta am dros niusted-Si iyo. man SeamCnia, rom im saaTebSi, rocafosta mohqondaT, baironi kibis safex-urebze jdeboda da fostalions eloda.erT dilas, roca baironi ogastasTanerTad magidasTan ijda, oTaxSi mebaReSevida da misis baironis beWedi Seutana,romelic dedamisma didi xnis win dakar-ga: mebaRem igi gansvenebuli `qvriv-re-gentis~ sawoli oTaxis fanjris qveS, mi-wis barvis dros ipova. baironma gadaw-yvita, rom es raRacis momaswavebeliniSani iyo. TiTqmis maSinve werilic mou-tanes. Tu Tanaxmaa, _ ganacxada bairon-ma, _ es Cemi saqorwino beWedi iqneba~.

werili anabelasgan iyo:`didi xnis win sakuTar Tavs aRTqma

miveci, rom Tqveni bedniereba Cemi cx-ovrebis mTavari mizani iqneboda. Tu Sev-Zleb da bedniers gagxdiT, sxvaaRaraferze vifiqreb. yvelafers Tqven-ze gadmovitandi, riskenac viswrafvi darac meyvareba. erTaderTi, racmaRelvebs, SiSia, vaiTu, Tqveni molod-ini ver gavamarTlo. am xnis ganmavloba-Si Cemi grZnobebi Tqvendami sinamdvile-Si arc Secvlila~.

imis SiSiT, vaiTu, baironi londonSiada male ver miiRebs werilso, maSinvemeorec miswera:

`lodinis zedmeti wuTebisgan romgagaTavisufloT, niustedSic gwerTwerils, _ imedi maqvs, Cems pirvel wer-

ilSi ipoviT yvelafers, rac Tqven gain-teresebT~.

baironma zarzeimiT gadaawoda ogas-tas werili. ogastam gasaocari ve-raferi dainaxa werilSi, magram maincganacxada: yvelaze SesaniSnavi, yvelazemSvenieri werilia maT Soris, rac minax-avs~-o da maSinve daayola, samagaliTomuli viqnebio. gaxarebuli iyo, bolosda bolos, baironi moewyoba~ da mis dab-indul gonebaSi sisxlis aRrevazefiqrebi gaqrebao.

uecrad gamococxlebuli baironi,sihemSi, erTimeoris miyolebiT sam wer-ils agzavnis, sami dRis ganmavlobaSi.`Tqvenma werilma axali cxovrebis karigamiRo... SegiZliaT bednieri gamxadoT?Tqven es ukve gaakeTeT~. swerda, Tqveninaxvis wyurviliT vkvdebio da rac Sei-Zleba male unda SevxvdeTo: `am Sexve-draze iseTi gulis TrTolviT vfiqrob,rom sakuTar Tavsac ar minda gamovuty-de. roca Tqveni werili Semomitanes,Cemi da gverdiT mejda, da Cemma ga-mometyvelebam SeaSina, radgan STabeWd-ileba pirvel wuTebSi Zalze mtanjveliiyo...~. Tqven iqnebiT Cemi brZeni gzamkv-levi, Cemi megobari. mTeli Cemi guliTqven gekuTvniT... am sam dReSi, es Cemimesame werilia...~. da ase amTavrebda: mi-iReT Cemi uRrmesi pativiscema _ gavbe-do da erTi sityvac mivumato? _ siy-varuli~.

don Juani saqmroa. Tavgadasavlissiaxles aRfrTovanebaSi mohyavda, ma-gram marTla imedi hqonda, rom bednieriiqneboda? gana mudam ar ocnebobda, jerkidev meri Cavorsis droidan, ojaxurcxovrebaze? gana simyudrovisken ariswrafoda? gana ar SeeZlo ufro Rir-seuli coli epova, vidre es axalgazr-da gogona iyo, romelic marTlac saT-no adamiania? uyvars, ki? magram es oridRis saqmea _ advilad Seuyvardeba.ledi melburnisTvis am ambis Setyobin-eba aucilebeli iyo: Zvirfaso mamida...~/ra saucxoo ram iyo, Tavisi Zveli mego-bris ZmisSvilad rom iqca/. miswera,Zalian vwuxvar, Tqveni ZmisSvili amgadawyvetilebamde ufro adre rom armivida; ramdeni ubedurebebisa da cod-visgan gadaarCenda axloblebso. magram,rogorc iqna, yvelaferi kargaddamTavrdao: `simarTle rom iTqvas, esqorwineba Tqven moawyeT... Cemi siamaye /

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romelsac Cemi moxuci maswavlebeliCemze mbrZanebel vnebad miiCnevda/ sab-olood daamebulia. is erTaderTi qalibrZandeba, romelsac xeli aseTnairadvTxove da raRacas niSnavda misgan Tanx-mobis miRebac. Zalian mendomeboda,romelime Cems RmerTqalTagans, mis adg-ilze aRmoCenils, uari eTqva. magramaxla yvelaferi damTavrebulia. rogorfiqrobT, colian kacs sxva qali ar Sei-Zleba hyavdes? amas mxolod cnobisTvisvkiTxulob~.

megobrebisTvisac saWiro iyo ec-nobebina: Zvirfaso mur, cols virTav _es niSnavs, rom Cemi winadadeba miiRes,danarCeni ki, albaT, rogorc imedi aqvTxolme, amas mohyveba. Cemi grakqusebis136

deda~ /momavali grakqusebisa/ gaxlavTpirovneba, romelic CemTvis metismetadseriozuli mogeCvenebaT, Tumca igi mar-galitia qalwulTa Soris da samkaulikeTilad moazrovne mamakacTa sqesiszogierTi warmomadgenlisTvis`. gasao-caria. es codvili Zalian amayobda Tavi-si sacolis uzado reputaciiT. miswerahobhauzs, deviss. kidev ra unda gaekeTe-bina? kidev anabela ogastasadmi keTi-lad ganawyo. `Zalian gamixarda, rocagavige, rom ogastam werili mogweraT. isyvelaze uwyinari, yvelaze araegois-turi arsebaa am qveyanaze, romelic iseSemeTvisa, rogorc aravin SemTvisebia.Zalian unda davqorwinde, mxolod imas-Ra wuxs, rom SesaZlebloba ar mieca,adre gagcnobodaT...~. `mekiTxebiT,ogasta marTla morcxviao? ucnob ad-amianebTan kurdReliviT mSiSaraa. davfiqrob, mocemul SemTxvevaSi, Tavsdidi Zala daatana, rom simorcxve dae-Zlia. axla bavSvs ZuZus awovebs, dameSinia, rom es xels SeuSlis miiRosmamaTqvenis Tavaziani mipatiJeba. mTeliguliT visurvebdi, rom SeZlos da mi-iRos miwveva~. yvelaferi saukeTesodaewyo. disa da colis sazogadoebaSisaucxood gaatarebs niustedSizamTars.

Tavis mxriv, anabelamac es udidesimovlena yvela axlobels gaagebina. ana-belas mSoblebi gansakuTrebuli paTos-iT laparakobdnen TavianTi momavali

siZis did niWze da mouTmenlad elod-nen sihemSi, rom gaecnoT da masze saku-Tari azri CamoeyalibebinaT. maTi qal-iSvili ki megobar qals werda: `lordbaironis WeSmarit xasiaTs maRal sa-zogadoebaSi ver mixvdebiT: hkiTxeT mas,vinc mis siaxloves cxovrobda _ ube-durebs, romelTac is nugeSs aZlevda;Raribebs, romelTac sikeTes ukeTebda;msaxurT, romelTaTvisac saukeTeso pa-tronia. rac Seexeba mis naRvlian ganwy-obilebas, amisi mizezi, meSinia vTqva,magram am bolo or wels me viyavi~. Tavi-si saqmros xasiaTsa da cxovrebis abso-lutur ucodinrobaSi raRac gulis-SemZvreli iyo. baironi gasaocari diag-nostikosi aRmoCnda, roca anabelazeTqva: `sakuTari ucodvelobis Sesaxebmisi rwmena, odesme did Secdomamde mi-iyvans...~. niSnobis pirvel dReebSi ana-bela werda: `jansaRi gansjis Sedegad,yvelaze ufro Sesaferi TanamgzavriavirCie, romelsac SeuZlia damexmarosmaradisobisken mimaval gzaze~. eh, axal-gazrda qalebisTvis, vnebaganucdel-TaTvis, sruliad bunebrivia, sakuTarisurvili gadawyvetilebad rom miiRon.

londonsa da sihems Soris mimoweragagrZelda. baironi cdilobda daemS-videbina mis milbenki, romelic mis re-ligiur grZnobebze laparakobda, daeubneboda, Tumc morwmune ara var, ma-gram mzad var, yvela is mosazreba gavi-ziaro, romelTac Tqven metyviTo. qal-ma upasuxa, amas ar vCqarob, radgan yve-laferi TavisiT mova, Tu geyvarebio.`cota usiamovno iyo CemTvis, roca amaswinaT viRacam Tqva, rom me Tqveni moqce-va qorwinebamde minda~. rogorc yvelaadamiani, anabelac ukmayofilo iyo, romraRacebs miawerdnen. icoda da Zaliankargadac icoda, rom Tavisi saqmro pro-zelitizmisTvis rodi uyvarda. man ico-da, rom qali iyo da Zalian qaluric darom uyvarda misi Zalian lamazi, mSve-nieri saxe. yvelas ratom hgonia, romcivi qalia? ramdenjerme gadaikiTxabaironis werili, sadac imaze iyo lapar-aki, Tu rogor gauCnda bairons misdamigrZnobebi.

baironi _ mis milbenks: `SeiZleba isdRe arc gaxsovT, roca erTmaneTspirvelad SevxvdiT... Tqveni saxeli arvicodi, sastumro oTaxSi ki bevri xalxiiyo. iq TviTon viyavi yvelasTvis ucxo,uxerxulad da darcxvenilad vgrZnob-di Tavs... yvela qalze saucxoo qalad

136. igulisxmeba Zmebi grakqusebi _ Zve-li romis saxalxo tribunebi gaiusi /Zv.w.153-121/ da tiberiusi /Zv.w. 162-133/.

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meCveneT. Tqvens manerebSi iseTi ubral-oeba igrZnoboda, ramac, Tumc cotaslaparakobdiT, maSinve maiZula TqvenSimegrZno adamiani, romelSic araferi iyovulgaruli. meubnebiT, `TqveniT viqne-bio STagonebuli~, amas maSin visurveb-di, Cemze dabla mdgom adamianad rom mi-maCndeT, magram es ase ar aris! ar mindaTqvaT, rom TqvenSi mxardamWers davuw-yeb Zebnas, rac me ufro unda viyo... ma-gram is ki unda giTxraT, rom ara martoCemi siyvaruli unda gaxdeT, aramedmrCevelic _ da Cemi cenzoric, Tu esaucilebeli iqneba~.

mis milbenki _ bairons: `waruSlelimogonebebi damrCa yoveli Cveni Sex-vedridan, _ im pirvel dilasac, rocaCveni STabeWdilebebi ase gasaocraddaemTxva erTmaneTs. TqvenTan erTad damxolod TqvenTan erTad vigrZeni, romsaxlSi viyavi. sxva sityva ver mipovnia.sxvebiviT arc SemSinebia, arc gamioce-bia, iqneb piriqiTac, SemeZlo Cemi azre-bi gameziarebina TqvenTvis, iqneb,TqvenTvisac... mere vaxSami iyo, TqvenCemsa da ledi melburns Soris ijeqiT,magram mxolod mas elaparakebodiT. Se-momesma, rogor uTxariT: `ara, madlobaufals, erTi megobaric ara myavs am sam-yaroSi~. Tqven ar iciT, im wuTSi rogordawyviteT guli megobars, romelicTqvens gverdiT ijda. am mware sityveb-ma gamyina. roca saxlSi davbrundi, CemsoTaxSi ganmartoebuli avtirdi davloculobdi, dedamiwaze, nugeSismce-meli iseTive megobari gepovnaT,rogorsac zeciur megobarTan ipovniT~.

baironis guli unda SeeZra aseT saa-mo da gulwrfel werils. iqneb, erTi wa-miT SeuZra kidec, magram... niustedidanlondonSi gamgzavrebis win, parkSi erTxeze, erTmaneTSi mWidrod CaxlarTuliori saxelis inicialebi amoWra _ Tavi-si da ogastasi.

XXII

qorwili

laura137 poetis coli rom gamx-dariyo, is /poeti. _ mTarg./ mTels si-cocxles sonetebis weras ar Seswirav-da.

baironi

maS ase, is Tavisi gamarjvebiT amayob-da, magram sihemSi wasvla mainc ver ga-beda. mizezad hansoni saxeldeboda,kanonis undo kaci, romelic moiTxovdawinaswari saqorwino kontraqtis yvelaforma daculi yofiliyo. Tumca bairo-ni valebSi iyo, mainc angariSian qor-winebas ewinaaRmdegeboda. cxadia, sasia-movno iqneboda mis Semosavals, romel-ic ar hyofnida, raRac mimateboda,Tanac pirobebi, mas rom SesTavazes,friad didsulovani gaxldaT. ser ralfmilbenki odesRac Zalian mdidari kacibrZandeboda, magram mTeli fuli TavisarCevnebs Sealia. is Tavis qaliSvilsaTas funt rentas aZlevda mziTvad,saidanac samasi ledi baironis wvril-mani xarjebisTvis iyo gaTvaliswinebu-li, Svidasi ki lord baironisTvis iyogankuTvnili da SeeZlo sicocxlis bo-lomde esargebla. momavalSi anabelalord uentvortisgan memkvidreobadSvid Tu rva aTas funts miiRebda,romelic kanonierad unda gayofiliyomasa da bairons Soris. baironi Tavismxriv, niustedis Rirebulebidan,samoci aTasi funtis kapitals sTava-zobda, saidanac wliuri Semosavali oriaTas funts Seadgenda.

molaparakebis am procesma baironsada mis megobrebze sakmaod usiamovnoSTabeWdileba moaxdina. hansonisa dahobhauzis azriT, milbenkebi Zunwobd-nen. ledi melburnma ganacxada, es hanso-ni autaneliao. baironi cdilobda yve-la daerwmunebina, mis milbenki araferSuaSiao. rac Seexeba mas, veravin ityvis,coli fulis gulisTvis moiyvanao, rad-gan is mcire Tanxa, rac qorwinebiT undamieRo, Zalze umniSvnelo iyo im xarjeb-is zrdasTan SedarebiT, rac ojaxisa dabavSvebis SenaxvisTvis iyo saWiro. ara,imitom daqorwinda, rom es iyo `grZno-ba~, imitom rom `mrCeveli~ sWirdeboda,da kidev imitom, rom zogjer egona,Taviseburad uyvarda igi. magram gulsise araferi umZimebda, rogorc sihemSigamgzavrebis aucilebloba, `Cemi moxu-ci mamisa da Cemi moxuci dedis~ sanaxa-vad da klasikuri Seyvarebulis rolisyvela wesebis dacviT TamaSi. visurveb-di, diliT gameRviZa da daqorwinebuliaRmovCeniliyavi~. iqneb es gaubedaoba

137. laura _ franCesko petrarkas /1304-1374/ satrfo.

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iyo. momavlis gauTviTcnobierebeliSiSi, romelic warsulis msgavsi ar iqne-boda. mtanjaveli SiSi imasTan ganSore-bisa, rac ukve iyo. magram, albaT, ufrogaubedaoba.

baironi _ ledi melburns: `rogorcki SevZleb sihemSi wasvlas, waval, magramTavs saSinlad vgrZnob, roca am mogza-urobaze vfiqrob: cxadia, es mxolodgaubedaobaa da siZulvili axali adami-anebisadmi, risi gadalaxvac verasodesmovaxerxe~.

amasobaSi ki londonSi mSvenieri Se-modgoma idga. is bavSvuri sixaruliTtkbeboda Tavisufali cxovrebis bolokvireebiT. olbenSi, gancalkevebul mS-venier saxlSi cxovrobda; TiTqmis yov-el saRamos axalgazrda bankir daglaskiniardTan, hobhauzis did megobarTanvaxSmobda. tomas muric iq dadioda,romelsac fortepianosTan svamdnen dairlandiur simRerebs amRerebdnen. kin-iards saucxoo brendi hqonda, baironiramdenime Wiqas dalevda da santimenta-luri grZnobebi eufleboda. muri mRe-roda `dakargul mijnurze~. baironiocnebobda, ogasta da meri Cavorsi ax-sendeboda. misTvis musikas iseTi Zalahqonda, rogorc nacnob surnels,romelsac warsulSi gadahyavda da ax-landeli sruliad qreboda.

sacodavi meri, masze samwuxaro ambavimouvida: Wkuaze SeiSalao. Seteva hast-ingsSi mouvida Turme, imave saxlSi,romelSic baironi da ogasta cxovrobd-nen. londonSi Camoiyvanes. ambobdnen,Zalian seriozulad aris avad, albaT,saavadmyofoSi daawveneno... coli-ofe-lia? im arsebis kidev erTi drama,romelic mas uyvarda... ara, marTlac,bedniereba veravis moutana... msaxiobikini modioda da yvela nacnob-megobarsajavrebda, marTlac TavSesaqcevi iyo.ogastasac kargad gamoajavra... jekson-ic modioda, jentlmeni mokrive, kun-Tebs aTamaSebda amoqarguli kostiumisqveS. baironi masTan im bavSviviT iqceo-da, romelsac Tavis mowoneba surs.gamoCenili mokriveebis gamonaTqvamebsiSveliebda da maT stils aanalizebda...kidev erTi Wiqa brendi... da baironsTvalebSi cremli udgeboda. kiniardi dahobhauzi giJebiviT icinodnen. gvianRamiT murs isev fortepianosTan svam-dnen da isic mReroda sibrZnis uZlure-

baze.diax, bedSavi sibrZne uZluri aRmoCn-

da, rogorc yovelTvis... Rrma azri idomuris mier naxevarad xumrobiT namRersityvebSi. da ai, igi, jorj gordonbaironi, boroti lordi, male Seikravsxel-fexs am sibrZniT... netav Tu grZnob-da, rom sxva adamiani unda gamxdariyo?ara, magram SiSi ki Causaxlda, rom es yve-laferi Zalian cudad damTavrdeboda.

bolos, noembris dasawyisSi, sihemSiCasvla gadawyvita. patara adgili zRvissanapiroze; meTevzeTa ramdenime qoxi;kldovani napirebi. milbenkebi zRvis ax-los cxovrobdnen. roca baironis etlimilbenkebis karebs miuaxlovda, anabelaTavis oTaxSi ijda da kiTxulobda; dab-la Cavida da sastumro oTaxSi buxarTanmdgari baironi dainaxa. is marto iyo.qalma xeli gauwoda, baironma xeli tu-CebTan miitana da akoca. orive dumda.bolos, baironma Zalian Cumad Tqva:

`_ didi xania erTmaneTi ar gvinax-avs~.

qalma CaiCurCula, waval da mSoblebsSevatyobinebo, da gavida.

sihemSi ojaxurma cxovrebam bairon-Si maSinve gamoaRviZa masSi Zlierad gan-viTarebuli damcinavi grZnoba. es samiadamiani bunebrivad, guliTadad da al-ersianad iyvnen erTmaneTTan dakavSire-bulni, magram patara wris bedniereba daubraloeba xSirad sxvebisTvis miuwv-domelia xolme. baironis iumori, svif-tis iumors rom hgavda ufro, vidre vek-fildeli vikariusis gulkeTil iumors,sul sxvanairi iyo, vidre milbenkebisa.baironi dascinoda religias, politi-kas, adamianTa sisulelebsa da maT man-kierebebs. milbenki ki gulubryviloanekdotebs igonebda. ser ralfmarogorRac mainc moaxerxa Tavisi siZiskeTilganwyobilebis mopoveba. anabelasmama mosawyeni kaci iyo, yveboda daus-rulebel istoriebs, magram uzadojentlmenad eWira Tavi da kargad as-rulebda simamris tradiciul rols. ai,ledi milbenki ki bairons arasodes mos-wonda. ojaxur wreSi rom motrialda,aRmoaCina, rom masTan cxovreba autane-li iyo, radgan ficxi da despoti adami-ani brZandeboda; ver itanda Tavis muls,ledi melburns; uyvarda sxvis saqmeeb-Si Careva; undoda ebatona qaliSvilzeda qmarze, romlebic xSirad erTiande-

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bodnen mis winaaRmdeg.magram TviT anabelamac imedi

gaucrua bairons. dainaxa Tu ara, mixv-da, rom Secda. roca qalebi misgan Sorsiyvnen, gamonagonis saburvelSi axvevdamaT. roca maT aRar xvdeboda, isini mS-vidad ganisvenebdnen mis miZinebul Rm-erTqalTa muzeumSi _ baironis warmo-saxvaSi; magram maT Tu cxovrebaSi araad-amianuri rolis TamaSi mouwevdaT, iscxovreba, romelsac baironi gamouyof-daT, maTTvis mudam kraxiT mTavrdebo-da. anabelasgan, ufalma icis ratom,eloda, rom is marto momxiblavi qali kiar iqneboda, aramed Zlieric, romelicmas aiZulebda Seeyvarebina igi da unarieqneboda emarTa igi. araerT poets uoc-nebia aseT megobar qalze, romelSicSerwymuli iqneboda mijnuris momxibv-leloba megobris sibrZnesTan. magram,roca qali Seyvarebulia, misTvis Sey-varebulis yvela sisustea damaxasiaTe-beli. ai, amis gageba baironma ver SeZlo,gansakuTrebiT ki roca saqme anabelasSeexo.

Cumi, saSinlad Cumi, patara qali,qorfa, arc ise lamazi, mudam cnobismoy-vare TvaliT Sescqeroda mas, racbairons saSinel uxerxulobaSi agdebda.anabela cdilobda masSi daenaxa genio-sisa da maRali zneobis adamianis saxe.baironi amas grZnobda da esec agdebdauxerxul mdgomareobaSi. garda amisa, esgamoxedva metismetad Rrmaazrovaniiyo; qali aanalizebda yvelafers, rasacbaironi ambobda. baironi ki yovelgvarsisuleles laparakobda, yvelafers,rac TavSi mouvidoda, `ise, ubralod,Tundac imitom, rom mTqnareba daeZlia~.misi gamaRizianebeli gamoxdomebisgan,romlebiTac ledi oqsfordi kargaderToboda, xolo ogasta arasdros us-menda, anabela daskvnebs akeTebda. to-nis umciresi cvlilebac ki mis gamoTv-lebSi maTematikuri sizustiT aisaxebo-da. siyvaruls gantolebad aqcevda.zogjer maTi xasiaTebi uCveulod emTx-veoda erTmaneTs, zogjer ki gansxvavde-boda. qali mas aTas momxibvlel Tvise-bas aniWebda. zogjer Cioda, eWvi mipy-robso; niSnobis CaSla undoda; amas isicemateboda, yovel sam dReSi avad iyo daaravin icoda, ratom. baironi civigonebiT, usiyvarulod akvirdeboda da`friad Rirseul pirovnebad~ aRiareb-

da, oRond mousvenar, mSfoTvare arse-bad miaCnda, romelsac mudmivad undadaetanja sakuTari Tavi da /rasacqalebSi saerTod ver itanda/ fantazi-ori iyo. baironi mudam ambobda: `qor-winebaSi megobars veZeb, amxanags da arasantiments~. am saxlSi dilidan saRamom-de siyvarulze laparakobdnen dabairons egona, rom karolina lemis drodaubrunda. ramdenime dRe imasacfiqrobda, rom es qorwineba arasdrosSedgeboda.

odesRac Tavis gamocdil megobarqalTan erTad siciliT msjelobda,rogorc isini eZaxdnen, `damamSvidebelmeTodze~, erTaderTze, rogorc lordmelburns miaCnda, romelsac mudam war-mateba aqvs qalebSi, da romelic imaSimdgomareobda, rom sityvebi, Jestebi,argumentebi SeecvalaT alersiT, xolopasuxebi kocniT. `CvenSi darCes da, esmarTlac TavSesaqcevia; am gagebiT ana-bela bavSviviT aris, alersiT Zalianadvilia misi dayolieba da karg xasi-aTze dayeneba~. ficxi grZnoba ufroZlierad gamoamJRavna, vidre mamidamisswarmoedgina. jerjerobiT baironi amazemxolod miniSnebebiT alaparakda:`dakvirvebebi SesaZleblobas maZlevsamas mivxvde. mas angariSis gawevis unariar aqvas, mec ara mqonda amisi unari, ms-gavsi situaciebis gulmodgined Seswav-lis Cveva rom ar SemeZina, umniSvnelomonacemebis safuZvelze; cxadia, CemsaRmoCenas mas ar vumxel~.

male sruliad cxadi gaxda, rom dam-amSvidebelma meTodma~ anabelaze kargizemoqmedeba moaxdina, ramac iqamde mi-iyvana, rom ufro metad Seiyvara bairo-ni. sazogadoeba da ledi melburni Secd-nen, roca anabela civ adamianad miiCnies,mxolod imitom, rom umanko qali iyo.civi qalebi ki is qalebi arian, romlebicsiyvaruls TamaSad aqceven. anabela,romelic mTeli siymawvile siyvarulseloda, darwmunda, rom, bolos da bo-los, miiRo igi, Tavi aRarc Seukavebia dasuliTa da xorciTac danebda.

baironis gamgzavrebis Semdeg mis-Tvis gagzavnili werili TvinierebiTada grZnobebiT iyo savse:

`Cemo Zvirfaso, Tu sinanulisgrZnobam Semipyro, Tqven amas vergaigebT. Tu es daSoreba boloa, imedimaqvs, im SeSfoTebas daacxrobs, rac

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TqvenSi Cemma, zogjer, Sewuxebulma sax-em gamoiwvia da miT ukeTesi... axla bo-lomde darwmunebuli xarT rom miyvarx-arT? ratom geparebodaT eWvi? es Tqve-ni erTaderTi codvaa. rac Seexeba Cem-sas, ar Rirs bevri vifiqro maTze. Zalianminda col-qmari viyoT, maSin aTasiwvrilmanis gamo, romlebic TqvenTvissulerTia, sakuTar TavTan aRar viCxu-bebdi. imedi maqvs, gakveTils Cami-tarebT. me ki mas viswavli con amore138.gindaT gulSi CamisvaT, gulSi, romel-ic CemTvis TavSesafrad iqceva manamde,vidre sikvdili erTmaneTs ar dagva-Sorebs?.. nu gamagdebT iqidan, dasjilivar, rogorc memuqrebodiT. marad Seni~.

da meore dRes:`Cemo bairono, vidre CvenTan stum-

robdi, Cems Tavs ar vgavdi. manamde nuganmsjiT, vidre Cems namdvil me-s ar nax-avT. Cemi namdvili me sulac ar aris isseriozuli, didaqtikuri, naRvlianiarseba, rogoric SeiZleboda mogCvene-bodiT. aseTi mxolod maSin var, rocaraRac Zalian maSfoTebs. vinc me mic-nobs, ufro meti mizezi aqvs Cemsugnurobaze laparakisa, vidre Cems jan-saR azrebze...~.

sacodavi sibrZne, rogorc muri mRe-roda; sacodavi sibrZne, imis magivrad,rom vinme moajadovos da aRagznos,mudam cdilobs ugunurobis niRbisafarebas, romelic sulac ar uxdeba.anabela, Seyvarebuli umanko qali aseawerda werils: Seni coli~. pasuxi ogas-tas saxlidan mouvida aseTi xelmower-iT: `Tqveni erTguli baironi~. is ana-belas ekiTxeboda werilSi, vidre gvianar aris, mtkiced gadawyvite, romarafers inanebo.

`Zalze bednieri viqnebi, _ upasuxaqalma, _ ukan dabruneba ar iqneba. miy-varxar, mwyurixar, sul ufro da ufrometad, Cemo bairono. Cemi ndoba dagi-brundaT, da minda arasodes Caqres~.

dae, ase iyos. wili nayaria. anabelassikvdili surda. baironi aRuTqvamda.Crede iron.

ganSorebisas baironma uTxra, es gan-Soreba xanmokle iqnebao, magram kviragavida, meorec, baironi ki ar Canda. lon-donSi cxovrobda, kiniardTan brendismiirTmevda. aranairi sababi ar hqonda.

amaod swerda anabela, mama epiTalamas139

Txzavso, rom yvela naTesavma saCuqarigamogzavna, karolinamac ki /`Timeo an-aos et dona ferentes~140. _ upasuxabaironma/, rom saqorwino Rvezeli ukvegamoacxves, rom yvelaferi mzad ariszeimisTvis, da Tu saqmro ar gamoCnde-ba, maSin misi rolis gauqmeba mouwevT,rogorc danieli princis rolisa `ham-letSi~... amaod iCenda uCveulo gabed-ulobas, werda, me TviTon Camoval lon-donSi, Tuki Seni Camousvleloba asegagrZeldebao. xumrobiT iyo naTqvami,Torem Sig seriozuli muqarac igrZno-boda... gagiJebiT undoda misi naxva. misiwerilebi ukve aRar iyo yovlad brZnu-li sikeTiT aRsavse, mgznebare werile-bi. eg iyo mxolod, rom ganuwyvetlivumeorebda: `miyvarxarT...~. `Tu CvenTanyofnisas, zogjer geCvenaT, rom msof-lioSi yvelaze Cumi qali var, es mxolodimitom, rom sxva araferze SemeZlofiqri...~.

qorwineba gadado, im mizeziT, romhansonma niustedis myidveli ver ipov-ao. aba, rogor daqorwindeboda, rocasakmao Semosavali ar hqonda. misis mil-benkma gaaprotesta; misTvis sulerTiiyo, SeeZloT mokrZalebulad ecx-ovraT, risTvisac didi kapitali ardasWirdebodaT. dae, baironi Camovides.mis mSoblebs ukve eCvenebodaT, romsaqmro aRar Cqarobda. ser ralfi ganu-wyvetliv qaliSvilis oTaxSi Sedioda,da Tavisi epiTalamasTvis riTmebsekiTxeboda. `mamaCemi ambobs: `wamiiswrafis, vidre igi ar dabrundeba~. de-daCemi ki ormagi mondomebiT Seudgakervas, roca SabaT dReze momwereT.Cemo Zvirfaso, Tqven da bedniereba er-Tad damibrundebiT...~. rac Seexeba bed-nierebas, _ upasuxa baironma TavisisaSineli windaxedulobiT, _ ukidure-si Tavdajerebuloba iqneboda, Tuwinaswar iqnebiT darwmunebuli uwyvetnetarebaSi, radgan igi damokidebuliaara mxolod adamianebze, aramed mdgo-mareobazec...~. qorwinebamde ramdenimedRiT adre, kidev erTxel sTxova, kar-

138. siyvaruliT /ital./

139. antikur poeziasa da musikaSi Tavis-ufali leqsi, simRera, romelic saqorwinoceremoniaze sruldeba.

140. `danaelebis meSinia, Sewirulebismomtanebisac~. vergiliusis `eneidadan~.

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gad ifiqreo. bolos, 23 noembers: Zvir-faso anabela, Tu erTmaneTs SevxvdebiT,mxolod imitomRa, rom viqorwinoT... TusaWiroa uaris Tqma, maSin ukeTesiaSoridan iTqvas uari~. iqneb am meryeoba-Si mtanjavi sibralulic iyo da SiSiogastas dakargvisa, romelic erTmaneT-Tan daukavSirebel, uamravi jvrebiTsavse, nazi werilebis gamogzavnas agr-Zelebda.

baironma hobhauzs sTxova, Cemi mowmeiyavi da CvenTan erTad wamodio. gamgza-vrebis win, qorwinebis uflebis misaRe-bad, erTad wavidnen. kacs, romelmacsabuTi misca, baironma hkiTxa:

`_ miTxariT, ser, ramdeni procentimodis TqvenTan jer dasaqorwineblad,mere ki gansaqorwineblad?~.

SeTanxmdnen, rom mogzaurobas ordRes moandomebdnen, magram saqmro yve-la mizeziT sargeblobda droisgasawelad. siqs-mail-botomTan gavli-sas, erTi dRe ogastasTan gaCereba gada-wyvita. ogastasTan marto undoda yof-na da hobhauzi niu-marketSi gagzavna.Sobis pirveli dRe dasTan gaatara daiqidan gagzavna bolo werili sihemSi.`maS ase, Cemi mogzaurobis am gaCerebam-de movedi da iseTi gaxurebuli var,rogoric SeiZleba iyos Seyvarebuliadamiani, roca Termometri, ufalmaicodes, ra graduss qveviT aCvenebs.qorwinebis ufleba momaqvs. ucnaurinawarmoebi kia, magram igi uflebas gva-Zlevs saxlSi viqorwinoT. gTxovT, asegavakeToT. darwmunebuli var, surdoSegveyreba, Tu sadme sxvagan movidrekTmuxls... ogasta Zalian kargad gam-oiyureba. gisurveb mxiarulebas. dResSobaa!~.

aqedan baironi da hobhauzi 26-Sigavidnen da sihemSi oTxi dRe moundnenCasvlas. `saqmro ufro da ufro nakle-bad Cqarobs~, _ ambobda hobhauzi. maT-ma dagvianebam mTeli saxli SeaSina. ledimilbenki mRelvarebisgan avad gaxda dasawolSi Cawva. roca isini saxlSi Sevid-nen, anabela atirda. Semcbari hobhauziTavis gasamarTlebel mizezs eZebda.Tavis gasamarTleblad aranairi mizeziar arsebobda, garda Tanamgzavriszozinisa. yuradReba sxva rameze romgadaetana da autaneli siCume daerRvia,Tavisi saCuqari gaxsna. yviTel tarsiko-nis gadasakraviani baironis nawarmoebe-

bis krebuli aRmoCnda. is cnobismoyvar-eobiT akvirdeboda sapatarZlos. `arcise lamazia, _ fiqrobda, _ sakmaodugemovnod acvia; kaba metismetad grZe-lia, Tumca fexebi kargi aqvs~. qaliuCveulod dumda, mokrZalebuli da go-nieri Canda. SesamCnevi iyo, rom baironiuyvarda; TvalmouSoreblad, aRtacebu-li Sescqeroda da laparakis unariwarTmeoda. radgan ledi milbenkma sadi-lad gamosvla ver SeZlo, amitom mx-olod ser ralfi laparakobda. hob-hauzma aRmoaCina, rom igi cota ybedikaci iyo, magram keTili da iumorisgrZnobac ar aklda. magidasTan kidevori mRvdeli ijda _ mister uelisi, si-hemis mrevlis moZRvari da Rirsi mamatomas noeli, kirkbi meloris samrev-lodan.

religiur Temebze daiwyes saubari.ser ralfma raRac grZeli istoria wam-oiwyo durhemel episkoposze, TavisisnobizmiT rom yofila cnobili. mereZalian didxans ilaparaka kenterberielepiskoposze. hobhauzi da baironi erT-maneTs gadaxedavdnen xolme. roca wam-oiSalnen, baironma Tavis megobarsuTxra: gamaxseda, erTxel sadilobisas,ledi karolina lemma, rogor hkiTxajorj lems: `jorj, romelia meSvidemcneba?~ jorjma upasuxa: `ara icmuko~.

meore dRes, 31 dekembers, hobhauzidiliT pirveli adga da sanapirozegaiseirna. zamTris kargi, naTeli dReidga. is naRvlianad gahyurebda tal-Rebs. hobhauzi am qorwinebidan kargsarafers eloda, Tumca anabela axlaufro simpaTiuri eCvena; mTeli saRamoakvirdeboda, amis Semdeg egona, rom ana-belas Seyvareba an, ukidures SemTxveva-Si, misdami keTili grZnobebiT ganwyobamainc SeiZleboda. saRamos mamakacebmasaqorwino ceremoniis sasacilo repeti-cia Caatares. hobhauzi mis milbenks ga-nasaxierebda, uelisi _ ser ralfs, no-eli saqorwino wess ayenebda. daaxloe-biT Ramis Tormet saaTze zRvis sanaxa-vad gamovidnen, mere erTmaneTs axaliweli miuloces. saRamom Zalian mxiaru-lad Caiara.

1 ianvars, baironma da hobhauzma san-apiroze erTad iseirnes. dRe sevdianiiyo da dro usaSvelod gaiwela. saRamos,sadilis Semdeg baironma Tqva:

`_ hobhauz, es Cemi bolo Ramea, xval

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ukve anabelas sakuTreba gavxdebi~.meore dilas, 2 ianvars, gamoRviZe-

bulma baironma fletCeris mier momza-debuli saqorwino tansacmeli dainaxada cud gunebaze dadga. sasauzmod Ca-sulma baironma saeklesio samoselSigamowyobili noeli da ledi milbenkidainaxa. ledi milbenki ise Relavda, rommaTTvis Cais dasxma ver moaxerxa, rad-gan xelebi ucaxcaxebda. erTi wamis merehobhauzic gamoCnda TeTri xelTaT-manebiT. darbazSi msaxuri gogoebiiatakze baliSebs awyobdnen. win oribaliSi erTmaneTis gverdiT dades _saqmrosi da sacolisa. baironi baRSisaseirnod gavida, sityva datova, rocayvelaferi mzad iqneba, damiZaxeTo. bo-los anabela gamoCnda, TeTri muslinis,Zalze mokrZalebuli, kaba ecva, arcTmaze ekeTa raime samkauli. mas gadiamisis klermonti mohyveboda. baironisdasaZaxeblad kaci gauSves. is Semovidada sapatarZlos gverdiT CaiCoqa. bali-Si magari gamodga da Subli SeiWmuxna,ramac yuradRebianisa da RvTismosavisieri mianiWa. Rirsi mama tomas noelilocvans kiTxulobda. anabela mSvidadiyo, Tavi baironisken miebrunebina dadaJinebiT Sehyurebda.

bairons arc araferi daunaxavs daarc araferi gaugia. Tvalwin TiTqosraRac burusi edga. axsendeboda /ufal-ma icis ratom/ meri CavorsTan gamoTx-ovebis scena. xedavda enslSi oTaxs, gr-Zel terasas, Soreul mdelosa da mSve-nier saxes, romelic axla SeSlilis Tr-TolviT iyo damaxinjebuli. mogonebe-bidan xmamaRalma sityvebma gamoiyvana,romelic unda gaemorebina: `da miwiersikeTes gavinawileb SenTan~. da hob-hauzs gadaxeda SeumCneveli RimiliT.sihemis patara eklesiaSi zarma Camoh-kra. baRSi Tofidan ramdenjerme is-roles. Rirsi mama tomas noeli gaCumda.viRacis xmebi bairons ulocavdnen, xelsarTmevdnen _ baironi mixvda, rom co-liani iyo ukve. axalgazrda ledi bairo-ni erTi wamiT gaqra, rom tansacmeligamoecvala; TeTri bewviT gawyobiligrZeli nacrisferi mosasxamiT gamoecx-adaT. ser ralfs wiTeli sifaTi mRel-varebisgan damaxinjeboda; ledi milben-ks Tvalebi cremliT avseboda. hobhauz-ma Tavisi movaleoba bolomde Seasrulada axaldaqorwinebuli qali etlSi Cas-

va.`_ gisurvebT mravali wlis bed-

nierebas, _ uTxra hobhauzma._ Tu bednieri ar viqnebi, _ upasuxa

qalma, _ Cemi brali iqneba~.mere baironi miujda gverdiT da hob-

hauzs magrad CamoarTva xeli. laqiamkaretis kari mixura. bairons egona, arSeeZlo Tavisi erTguli megobris xelisgaSveba. karetis fanjridan isev stacaxeli, cxenebi daiZrnen da isev misi xelieWira. dasevdianebuli hobhauzi ana-belas mSoblebTan darCa. ledi milben-kma hkiTxa, xom Rirseulad meWira Tavi,maSin, roca sinamdvileSi, Tavi ifigeniasdeda141 megonao.

`_ me ki, _ Tqva hobhauzma, _ mo-meCvena, rom megobari davmarxe~.

XXIII

Taflobis Tve142

axla jer kidev ar SemiZlia gan-vsazRvro, ra donis aqtiori iyo.

ledi baironi

etli elnebiSi midioda, im mamulSi,ser ralfma axaldaqorwinebulebs romdauTmo Taflobis Tvis gasatareblad,Tan Seyvarebuli, Sefiqrianebuli qalimihyavda da ganerviulebuli, sa-sowarkveTili kaci. oh, ratom moiyvanacoli? ogasta rom gadaerCina? es miTq-ma-moTqma rom damTavrebuliyo? siamayerom daekmayofilebina? axla mTelicxovreba am seriozul da ugergilo,ucnob qals unda uyuros, romelic ukve

141. ifigenias deda _ klitemnestra. if-igenia dabadebisTanave Seswires msxverpladRmerTqals /artemides/.

142. am TavSi moTxrobili ambebi, bune-brivia, ledi baironis Cvenebebs emyareba.isini ar gamoqveynebula, gamonaklisia zogi-erTi nawyveti, romelic mis meinma gamosca.amaRelvebeli sabuTebia da, rogorc Cans, si-marTles Seicavs. iqidan bevri amonaridimomyavs, gansakuTrebiT is, rac baironis rw-menas exeba. Cvens winaSea is saSineli STabe-Wdilebebi, romelic Tavisi cxovrebis am pe-riodze Semoinaxa ledi baironma. hobhauzi,romelsac Znelia daswamo ledi baironi uy-vardao, irwmuneba, qali mudam SiSiT lapar-akobda elnebiSi stumrobazeo. /avtori/.

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uTvalTvalebs da kritikulad afasebs.raRac giJurma siZulvilma mouara. sim-Rera wamoiwyo, veluri simRera, es maSinemarTeboda, roca ubedurad grZnobdaTavs.

qalaqi durgemi gaiares. eklesiis za-rebi rekda.

`_ Cveni bednierebisaTvis! undavigulisxmoT. _ sarkastulad SeniSnabaironma~.

mindvrebi da tyeebi TovliT iyo da-faruli. baironi alaparakda; Tqva, esqorwineba CemTvis mxolod samagierosgadaxdaao. axali miTi moigona da TaviTgadaeSva masSi, radgan dabneuli iyo daar icoda, ra eqna. Tanac mas mudam sWird-eboda sakuTar TavSi romanis gmiridaenaxa. colqmrobam miajaWva igi, yov-el SemTxvevaSi, droebiT mainc, erTad-erT qals. dae, ase iyos. drama zustadmaT Soris gaTamaSdeba.

marTali ar iyo baironi, roca ambob-da, SurisZiebis gamo viqorwineo. rocapirvelad sTxova xeli, maSin sul sxvamiTi hqonda. undoda bedniereba epovaimaSi, rom qals mindoboda da misi mar-Tvis SesaZlebloba mieca. anabelas arSeeZlo aseTi qali yofiliyo, amitomaxla misTvis msxverplis roli gamoyo.SurisZiebis idea, nel-nela jer kidevpirveli uaris Tqmis Semdeg gamoekveTada arcTu cudi siuJeti iyo baironulivnebebisa. moswonda ali faSaze erTinaambobi, romelsac da mostaces, or-mocdaori wlis Semdeg daiWira is kacida dasaja. Crede iron. baironebi ara-sodes arafers iviwyeben. ase fantazi-orobda da sakuTar Tavs aRizianebda.

`oo, Tqvens warmosaxvaSi ra motyue-buli xarT! rogor moxda, rom Tqven-nairma gonierma qalma Cemi xelaxlaaRzrdis uazro idea Seqmna!.. iyo dro,roca Cemi gadarCena SegeZloT, magramaxla ukve gviania... Tqven rom _ Cemicoli xarT, sakmarisia imisTvis, rommZuldeT. roca pirvelad xeli gTx-oveT, yvelaferi Tqvens gankarguleba-Si iyo. axla darwmundebiT, rom demoniscoli gaxdiT~. roca baironma dainaxa,rom qals marTla SeeSinda, ise bunebri-vad gadaixarxara, anabelam ifiqra, xum-robso. qalis simamace, avtoriteti, ri-Tac axloblebi afasebdnen, damorCile-bas iwyebda. anabela sakuTar Tavs ekiTx-eboda, baironi netav kidev ramden xans

momeqceva aseo. `manamde, _ upasuxebdahobhauzi, misTvis rCeva rom ekiTxa, _vidre amaze yuradReba geqneba gamax-vilebuli~-o. misma saqmianobam, uzrun-velma cxovrebam, ganebivrebuli gogo-nas warmatebebma, sakuTari Tavis saxif-aTo Tavdajerebulobam anabela rodiSeamzada imisTvis, rom baironisTvisgaego da daemSvidebina.

saRamos etli elnebis miuaxlovda.Rame. Tovli. sicariele, romelic avbe-diTad Canda. anabela etlidan im-edgacruebulis saxiT gadmovida. sadi-lobisas baironma uTxra:

`_ axla Cems gankargulebaSi xarT daamas gagrZnobinebT kidec.

viliam lemze alaparakda mere:_ karolina lemi wylis wveTia,

romelic ganuwyvetliv ecema misi qmrisguls. es klavs adamians da qvad aqcevs._ da warbSekrulma saSineli TvaliTgamoxeda: _ Tqven naxavT, rom Tan-amecxedred aseTive adamiani airCieT~.

man am Tves Cveni Taflobis Tve~ uwo-da, _ da es muxTali Tve, jer arasodesyofila ase naTeli da imav dros ase da-maluli RrublebSi. baironi yvelazesazareli, amav dros yvelaze mgznebareqmari iyo qmarTa Soris. wamis gaelveba-Si misi pirquSi ganwyobileba ifantebo-da dilis burusiviT da maSin saubariubralo da mxiaruli xdeboda; cols ai-Zulebda aTasgvari bavSvuri sisule-leebi eTqva; ippin-s eZaxda, mis uS-foTvelobas dascinoda. aseTi mcireSesvenebebi ufro da ufro tkbili xde-boda anabelasTvis, radgan didi iSvia-Toba iyo: `rogorc wyaro udabnoSi~, _ambobda mere. SeniSnavda Tu ara, romromeliRac winadadeba odnav xma aweu-lad ismoda, egona, qali isev qadagebasada santimentSi~ vardebao da maSinve ux-eSdeboda. sakuTari mrisxanebiT gaRiz-ianebuli, TavSekavebis unarmoklebuli,qals Seubralebeli gulRiobiT yve-lafers eubneboda. anabela ocdaoriwlisa iyo da cxovrebisa araferi gaege-boda; rac axla esmoda, is Zlier gansx-vavdeboda imisgan, rac warmoedgina.

mis gverdiT miuwvdomeli da amavedros gulubryvilo arseba iyo; iseTiavadmyofuri warmodgenebiT, iseTi mor-aluri da fizikuri egoizmiT ganmsWva-luli, rom Znelia dajereba. dausrule-blad SeeZlo elaparaka Tavis janmrTe-

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lobaze, Camocvenil Tmaze, dazianebulkbilze. misi pativmoyvareoba ukidure-sad mgrZnobiare iyo yvelafrisadmi,rac mis fizikur naklTan iyo dakavSire-buli. pirvel dReebSi am Temebzebairons misTvis araferi uTqvams, qal-ma TviTon wamouwyo laparaki, undodaisic gaeTavisuflebina da sakuTari Tav-ic uxerxuli mdgomareobidan. erazmdarvinis statia hqonda wakiTxuli, sa-dac darvini werda _ SeiZleba avadmyo-fma Sveba igrZnos, Tu Tavis avadmyo-fobaze Tavisuflad ilaparakebso. mar-Tlacda, am dRidan moyolebuli bairo-ni Tavis naklze mudam TavSekavebulidacinviT elaparakeboda _ `Cemi pawiafexi~. roca seirnobda da vinmes fexisxma Semoesmeboda, Cerdeboda, umoZraodidga an sirbiliT ganagrZobda gzas, uc-nobs rom ar SeemCnia misi koWloba. veritanda, roca uyurebdnen. acofebda,roca SeamCnevda, rom viRac akvirdebo-da.

anabelas zneobriv grZnobebs maSinvegamoucxada omi. `mxolod pirvelinabijia Zneli~, _ eubneboda. yovel sa-Ramos cdilobda daerwmunebina, romaraviTari WeSmariteba ar arsebobdaarc religiaSi da arc moralSi.msjelobebs gamomwvevad amTavrebda:`axla, ecade da momarjule~. qali Sepa-suxebas arc ki cdilobda. sakuTar TavsSTaunerga, rom miteveba, simtkice,udrtvinveloba, simamace da simxneveufro metad daarwmunebda mas, rom yve-la adamiani boroti ar aris. is, rasacbaironi religias uwodebda, misi bavS-vobis Savbneli doqtrina iyo. mere,rogorc xvdeboda, es doqtrina musul-manur samyaroSi ori wlis yofniT gauR-rmavda, ramac misi fatalizmi Camoayal-iba. ase ar fiqrobda Semoqmedze anabe-la: `mjeroda, rom RmerTi yovel cocx-al adamianSia, romelsac uflis nebiTsurs cxovreba da ara Tavisi~.

manam anabela baironis coli gaxde-boda, igi skeptikosi egona, volteriane-li. sinamdvileSi, sul sxva aRmoCnda.jkua-gonebiT ki iyo volterianeli, ma-gram sulis siRrmemde kalvinisti brZan-deboda. arc erT adamians ar hqonda asegadametebulad RvTaebrivi nebis Seg-rZneba, magram uflis samsjavro misTvalSi aranairi gulmowyalebiT armsubuqdeboda. mTeli misi religia SiSi

iyo, amis Sedegi ki _ aRSfoTeba. swam-da, rom erTni samoTxisTvis iyvnen gan-wesebulni, meoreni jojoxeTisTvis, darom TviTon ukanasknelT miekuTvnebo-da. aqedan momdinareobda bunebrivadsamyaros tiranis winaaRmdeg mrisxane-ba, uimedo gaSmageba. erTxel cxare ka-maTis Semdeg, savarZelSi Cavarda dacols uTxra:

`_ yvelaze saSinelia is, rom memwams~.

roca im RmerTze fiqrobda, romel-ic Tavisi qmnilebebis tanjviT xarobda,romelic, iqneb, dascinoda kidec maT,aRSfoTeba ipyrobda. `yvela boroteba,_ naRvlianad iwerda anabela, _ misibavSvobis im ubeduri rwmenidan modis,romelic gzaabneuli Svilis ukan dab-runebas uaryofs~.

WeSmaritad tragikuli wyvili iyo,radgan TviT erTis Rirsebis Serwymasmeoris naklTanac ki, ar SeeZlo sxvaramesTan mieyvana isini, garda ube-durebebisa. anabela Tavisi msjelobe-biT, Cveulebriv Temebze Tavisi fiqre-biT, bairons cxovrebis seriozuli mx-arisken ubiZgebda. magram iZulebuligaexada baironi samyaros mowyobazeefiqra _ es niSnavda, rom misi mrisxane-ba gamogewvia. umizezod rodi uyvardamxiaruli da odnav giJmaJi qalebi. amubraloebaSi misi xsna iyo, risi unaricanabelas ar hqonda. anabela sulac ariyo moklebuli gansjis daxvewilobas dabaironis xasiaTis analizsac mSvenivradakeTebda. `misi ubedureba, _ werdaqali, _ aRgznebis wyurvilia, romelicmudam Tan sdevs ficx temperaments,roca misi swrafvis mizani mTlad naTe-li ar aris. msgavs adamians monotonuricxovrebis mowyeniloba saxifaTo gzazeayenebs... sxvebis gawamebisken swrafva,danaSaulisken midrekileba, azartuliTamaSebi _ yvelaferi es erTi saTavidanmodis~. anabela Zalian kargad kiazrovnebda, magram ver SeZlo aqedansaWiro daskvnebis gakeTeba...

zogjer, roca baironi uxsnida, romam qveyanaze seriozuli araferiao,xolo morali es klimatis, epoqis sak-iTxiao, anabelas undoda amisi dajere-ba. `maxsendeba, _ ambobda anabela, _rogor vcdilobdi, gamego, rom Cemi mov-aleoba iyo misi gulisTvis yvelaferimimetovebina, misi mona, msxverpli gavmx-

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dariyavi... qals mamakaci misi dana-Saulebianad unda uyvardes. sxvanairisiyvaruli am saxels ar imsaxurebs`. ma-gram mousyidveli goneba uars eubnebo-da aseTi sisustis uflebaze, anabelaslogika metismetad Zlieri iyo da gulimis damarcxebas ver SeZlebda.

Zalze gaocda anabela, roca mixvda,rom baironi crumorwmune iyo. masSinaTeli goneba da bavSvuri SiSi erTma-neTSi iyo SeTavsebuli. uambobda, bavS-vobaSi, aberdinSi, Zalian meSinoda sasa-flaos maxloblad cxovrebisao. yovel-gvari damTxveva saswauli egona. niSneb-is sjeroda: Savi kabis tareba saxifa-Toao, Semofrenili Ramura ubedurebismomtaniao. erT Rames, TovliT dafarulbaRSi iyo da dainaxa, fafuki Rrublebirogor miuaxlovda mTvares: `Tu mT-vares dafaravs, _ Tqva baironma, _CemTvis yvelaferi dakargulia; TugverdiT Cauvlis, gadavrCebi~. Rrubel-ma mTvare dafara.

ledi baironis saqorwino beWedi /be-Wedi qvriv-regentisa/ anabelasTvisdidi gamodga; man Savi Zafi Semoaxvia,rom damagrebuliyo TiTze da ar gaZro-boda. baironma es SeamCnia da iyvira:`Savi Zafi!~ _ da mosTxova, moixsenio.ramdenime wuTis Semdeg, buxarTan md-garma anabelam zurgze Semoiwyo xelebi,beWedi mosZvra da cecxlSi Cavarda. amanbaironi ramdenime saaTiT sagonebelSiCaagdo. iseTi ucnauri crurwmenebihqonda, rom anabelas sakuTariTavisTvis bevrjer ukiTxavs, nuTu seri-ozulia es yvelaferio? iqneb, naxevradmainc iyo seriozuli, radgan baironsmudam uyvarda mistifikacia. magaliTad,ambobda, dacemuli angelozi varo,Tanac, es qaragmulad ki ar unda gaegoT,aramed sityvasityviTi mniSvnelobiT.anabelas eubneboda, erTi im qalTaganixar, bibliaSi rom wereno, romlebic ze-cidan gamoZevebulebs uyvardaTo.rasac kiTxulobda, imaSic kiwinaswarmetyvelebas Wvretda. zeli-ukoc ar daviwyebia da bevri ram uambomasze anabelas. zeliukom imiTdaamTavra, rom Tavisi Svili mokla. dabaironma daumata:

`_ mec aseve momiva da Cvens Svilsmovklav~.

sjeroda, rom raRac daumorCilebe-li Zala borotebisken ubiZgebda. xSir-

ad imeorebda:`_ Cemi bedia aRmosavleTSi dabrune-

ba, diax, aRmosavleTSi unda davbrunde,rom iq movkvde~.

Cemi bedi... misi momavali varskv-lavebsa da niSnebSi winaswar iyo ukvemoxazuli. mkiTxavma misis viliamsma,uTxra, ocdaCvidmeti wlisa mokvdebio.da mas es sjeroda. ledi baironi, ga-naTlebuli qali iyo da SeSfoTebuligaocebiT, arcTu iSviaTad, usmendaxolme Tavis qmars. iqneb, giJi iyo? ansigiJis komedias TamaSobda? anabelasTavgza ebneoda.

magram es jer kidev yvelaferi ar iyo.am Savbneli idumalebis pirveli SrisiqiT, anabela ukve xvdeboda meore,ufro Savbnel idumalebas. pirvelsavedilas baironma ogastasgan werili mi-iRo; sixarulisgan Tavgzaabneulma ana-belas waukiTxa: _ Zvirfass, pirvels dasaukeTesos adamianTa Soris...~. rasfiqrob amaze? _ hkiTxa anabelas.

qorwinebidan ramdenime dRis SemdegsarkeSi Caaxeda anabela da uTxra, cotaerTmaneTs vgavarTo. qalma siciliTuTxra:

`_ zustad da-ZmasaviT.baironma xeli staca da wamoiZaxa:_ es visgan gaige?~erTxel, yovelgvari ganzraxvis

gareSe, iqneb imitomac, rom sulsgauTviTcnobierebeli mousvenrobauRrRnida, anabelam draidenis tragedi-aze Camougdo sityva, romlis Temac in-cesti iyo, ramac baironi isev gaaSmaga.etyoboda, es Tema Tavzars scemda damainc gamudmebiT isev am sakiTxs ubrun-deboda. coli gulubryvilod cdilob-da mis gagebas da Tavis saskolo me-Todebs iyenebda. `magram Cemi laparakimniSvnelovanwilad uSedego iyo. amoca-naSi ucnobi unda mepova, sadac sakmaomonacemebi ar iyo gadawyvetilebis mis-aRebad~. anabelas egona, rom baironijavris amosayrelad ki ar daqorwinda,rogorc TviTon eubneboda, aramed imi-sTvis, rom daefara raRac sazareli dan-aSauli, romelsac qali verc ki warmoid-genda. sakuTar Tavs ekiTxeboda anabela,sayvarlebi xom ara hyavso.

RamiT anabela xedavda, rogor awameb-da bairons koSmarebi; ZilSi laparakob-da, dgeboda, farTo nabijebiT dadioda,viRacas pistolets an xanjals uRereb-

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da; mere isev wveboda da kbilebsakraWunebda. qali mis mxarze debda Tavs,rom daemSvidebina.

`_ ufro nazi sasTumali gWirdeba,vidre Cemi gulia, _ uTxra baironma erTRames.

qalma upasuxa:_ me ki imaze vfiqrob, visi guli

ufro adre gaskdeba, Cemi Tu Tqveni.erTxel anabelam frTxilad hkiTxa:_ Tu vinme SeacdineT, miTxariT.

ogastam icis?bolos da bolos, baironi gamoutyda,

`sazareli saidumlo~ imaleba Cems cx-ovrebaSio.

_ maSin giambobT, roca Svili gey-olebaT~.

xSirad fiqrobda anabela, mivatovebda gaviqcevio, magram baironi uyvardada ecodeboda.

baironi? ras fiqrobda am qalze,romelic arc erT im qals ar hgavda,romlebic aqamde hyolia? zogjer guliuCuydeboda da eubneboda, kargi argu-menti xar ukvdavebis damtkicebissasargeblodo. `Tu rame maiZulebs, vi-wamo zecis, es Tqveni saxis ga-mometyveleba iqneba. sacodavo patarav,Cemze ukeTes kacs unda gahyolodiTcolad~. anabela ecodeboda, magram mismimarT mainc daundobeli iyo. `Caildharoldis~ droidan moyolebuli igisakuTari cxovrebis aqtiori gaxda. ara-sodes ase mimndobi msmeneli ara hyolia,rogoric es axalgazrda, SeSinebuli daseriozuli qali iyo. goniereba rom hy-ofnoda da droze gaeRima, Tavis rolsucbadve Secvlida. mas aseT wuTebSi mS-vidi epikureli qali sWirdeboda, ledioqsfordis msgavsi. anabela mas Tavisiseriozulobis gamo hkargavda. eubnebo-da kidec: `qalisgan mxolod sicils mo-viTxov; danarCenze, rac aqvs, mim-ifurTxebia. ogasta SemiZlia vaiZulo,razec gnebavT imaze, icinos. aravisTanvar ise bednieri, rogorc ogastasTan~.

rogor SeeZlo aseTi uxeSi yofil-iyo? is, vinc sakuTar Tavs yvelazegulisxmier adamianad miiCnevda, romel-ic yvela qalis winaSe, yvelaze beberi damaxinji qalebis winaSec ki, mSviddebo-da, da romelmac aseTi nazi mzrunvelo-biT daindo susti ledi frensisi? Tvi-Ton amas ver xvdeboda. is baironi iyo.maT xom Sleguri RvarZli euflebodaT.

`Tqven ar iciT, ra urCxulad SeiZlebamaqcios cudma vnebam~. is am qalis tyvedgrZnobda Tavs. Tavis droze sTavazob-da kidec, niSnoba CavSaloTo. magram ana-belam moisurva misi coloba; arafersvnanobo, ambobda. axla ki masTan aris,mis cxovrebaSi, oRond ucxoa. iqneb Se-braleboda kidec qali, misi sisuste romegrZno, magram anabela metismetad kar-gad faravda Tavis sisustes. mas ar hqon-da arc ogastas mousvenari gaubedaoba,arc ledi frensisis SiSiani sinaze, _ masuSfoTveli saxe hqonda da mrgvalivardisferi loyebi. qali daskvnebidandaskvnebamde midioda, msjelobda, amt-kicebda, daobda. Wamisas nela iReWebo-da, meTodurad, baironi ki erT wamSianadgurebda saWmels. anabela TavisgrZnobebze laparakobda. oRond santi-mentebi ar iyos!~ _ ambobda baironi daxelebs cisken aRapyrobda. qali yve-lafers pirdapir, sityvasityviT igeb-da. `Cems sityvebs yuradRebas rom araqcevdeT, _ eubneboda baironi, _ erT-maneTs saukeTesod gavugebdiT~.bairons simSvide sWirdeboda, martoo-ba, saSineleba iyo mudam oris erTadyofna. is anabelas Tavisi oTaxidangamudmebiT am sityvebiT istumrebda:àr mWirdebiT~. an ìmedi maqvs, mudamerTad ar viqnebiT, garwmunebT, es mexels ar maZlevs~. erTxel esec Tqva:`colqmrobis erTaderTi kargi mxareais, rom megobrebisgan gaTavisuflebs~.

eWvi aRar epareboda, rom axlo mo-mavalSi colqmrul erTgulebas daar-Rvevda. erTxel ledi melburns hkiTxa:`SeiZleba colian kacs sayvarlebihyavdes?~ axla ki miswera: àRtacebulivar sifrTxilis Tqveneuli stiliT masSemdeg, rac dedakacis ZalauflebisqveS vimyofebi. magram miyvarxarT daSegindobT eWvs Cems Semdgom satrfialoavantiuramde~. moxuc banovans miaCnda,rom baironma am ojaxSi sakmao aurzau-ri gamoiwvia da axla undoda is mSvidadmoqceuliyo. `karg rCevebs mogcemT, _arigebda, _ me Tqveni TeTri yvavi var,erideT Sav yvavs...~. `vfiqrob, eg Saviyvavi X-ia, _ upasuxa baironma, _ magrammainc miyvars, Tumca erTi vinme, arsebi-Tad, siyvarulSi xels miSlis, yovelSemTxvevaSi, cota xniT mainc~. sityvaàrsebiTma~ ledi melburni gaamxiaru-la. `Zalian macina Tqvenma àrsebiTma~.

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rodis iyo am sityvas ase xmarobdnen!~.jer gadawyvites elnebi 20 ianvars

daetovebinaT, rom 22 ianvari, misi sax-elobis dRe, sihemSi gaetarebinaT. bolowuTebSi aRmoCnda, rom 20 ricxviparaskevi iyo da baironma gamoacxada, amdRes arsad ar wavalo, gamgzavreba 21-Si daniSnes. ledi baironma Caicina.bairons ewyina da auxsna, paraskevi dRemuslimanebis sazeimo dRea da Cvevadmeqca am dRis aRniSvnao. cud xasiaTzeara yofila, mogzaurobisas cols isicki uTxra, Cveni saqme cudad ar midiso.

`_ vfiqrob, axla kargad iciT, ra sa-kiTxebs ar unda SeexoT, _ daumata daanabelas pirdapir saxeSi Seacqerda~.

colSi raRac Rirsebis danaxva ukvedaiwyo. elnebSi gatarebuli saSinelidReebis ganmavlobaSi anabela misTvismuSaobda; ebrauli melodiebis~ gadaw-eriT iyo garTuli, romelic baironmamusikos naTanis TxovniT SeTxza.zogjer imazec laparakobdnen, rac wai-kiTxes. anabela suleli ar iyo. ai, misicoli rom ar yofiliyo... magram, aba,rogor ar CaeTvala qali, am autanelicolqmruli mowyenilobis pasuxismge-blad? imaze meti saZagloba ra unda iyosadamianisTvis, romelic Tavisufaliiyo, da axla sidedr-simamris tyveobaSiaRmoCnda, maSin, roca TviT sakuTarimSoblebis tyvec ki arasodes yofila?sihemSi Casuli baironi arcTu uSiSradSexvda Tavis simamrs ser ralfs. vard-isferloyebiani moxuci baronetikeTili kaci iyo, magram erTi dasananiCveva hqonda, SeeZlo dausrulebladgaemeorebina Tavisi ukbilo xumrobebi.magaliTad, erTi aseTi xumroba uyvar-da Zalian, xumroba Semwvari cxvrisbarkalze da moiTxovda, sufraze, kvira-Si ramdenjerme moetanaT cxvris Semw-vari barkali, raTa saSualeba miscemo-da kidev erTxel moeyola Tavisi xumro-ba. erTxel baironTan marto darCenil-ma, diurhemis gadasaxadebis amkrefTawinaSe amas winaT warmoTqmuli sityvawaukiTxa. `axla monologs vismen,romelsac Cemi simamri saubars uwodebs.erTxel violinoze daukra da cota am-ovisunTqe~. zogjer, moTminebadakargu-li baironi wamoxteboda da garboda,raTa simamrs `Tavisi qadagebebi boT-lebTan daemTavrebina, romelTac sxvaTu araferi, ar CaeZinebaT mainc~. Tavis

oTaxSi adioda, ocnebaSi iZireboda, ma-gram male zaris xma ismoda, romelicCais dasalevad ixmobda, da saWiro xde-boda dabruneboda ojaxur `wiaRs~.`axla, _ werda murs, _ Cais dasalevadunda wavide. dawyevlili Cai. mirCevniakiniardis brendi yofiliyo...~. ugergi-lo _ iqneb eWvianic _ ogasta werileb-Si bairons dascinoda am moSinaurebisgamo. saRamos, im sastumro oTaxSi, sa-dac misi jvriswera Catarda, sazizRradamTqnarebda, radgan es dro londonSiZalze sasiamovno, sihemSi ki Zilis mo-mgvreli iyo.

sidedri da simamri ukve moswyinda,anabela, piriqiT, mokavSired gauxda daTavSesafrad. axla mas ukve ip-s eZaxda.`Tqven Cemi sayvareli pipi xarT, saocarigogona pipebis jiSidan da mTel qvey-anaze saocari qali~, _ uTxra erT saR-amos, roca anabelam sawolSi limonaTimoarTva. drodadro mainc xdeboda fri-ad ucnauri incidentebi. burimes143

TamaSobdnen, naweriT avsebul qaRal-debs baironi ogastas ugzavnida, cotasmainc gaarTobso. colma erTxel uTxra:

`_ Tqvens qaRalds jvars davusvam,Cemi qaRaldisgan rom ganasxvaos.

baironi gafiTrda:_ ara, _ uTxra, _ es ar qnaT, Torem

Zalian SeaSinebT~.anabelam mTeli Rame fiqrSi gaatara,

ras unda niSnavdeso es jvari.plaJze baironi mxiaruli da gulwr-

feli amxanagi iyo. iq erTi didi kldeiyo, romelsac `bumbulis sawols~ eZa-xdnen da maT sayvarel adgilad iqca.xSirad daseirnobdnen iq. baironi ana-belas kldeze asasvlelad SejibrSiiwvevda, uswrebda, radgan Zalian msub-uqad darboda. im wuTebSi, rogorc ana-bela ambobda, bavSvoba ubrundeboda, damarTlac, anc, umanko bavSvs hgavda.zogjer sakuTar Tavze mesame pirSilaparakobda, rogorc bavSvebi lapara-koben xolme. roca naRvlian gunebazeiyo, ambobda: baironi _ WivWavia... diax,WivWavia!~ da mwared umatebda: `saco-davi baironi _ sacodavi baironi!~ ana-belas guls uklavda misi uimedi toni,am sityvebis warmoTqmisas rom ismoda.

143. burime literaturuli TamaSia.winaswar mocemuli riTmebiT iumoristulileqsebis SeTxzva.

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sihemSi maTi yofnis bolo dReebSi,erTxel anabelas uTxra: mgoni, miyvarx-arT!~ da es SeuZlebeli arc iyo; ana-belas ukve eTviseboda da misTvissaWiro xdeboda. anabelam ukve icoda,rom igi xtunva-xtunviT dadioda, pis-toletebi sasTumalTan elaga, akrZa-luli Temebis saqmis kursSi iyo. sihem-Si kidev ramdenime Tve rom ecxovra,iqneb misCveoda kidec am rutinasac,iseve, rogorc adre sxvas mieCvia.

baironi _ murs: ìseT monotonur,erT wertilSi gayinul mdgomareobaSivar; ise var xilis WamiT dakavebuli _seirnobiT _ banqos autaneli TamaSiT_ Zveli almanaxebisa da JurnalebiskiTxvis mcdelobebiT _ plaJze niJare-bis SegrovebiT _ imis naxviT Tu rogorizrdeba gareuli mocxari, _ rom droar mrCeba, verc vazrovneb, kidev ramerom mogweroT... Cemi coli da me sruliTanxmobiT vcxovrobT. svifti ambobda,àrc erTi windaxeduli adamiani ardaqorwinebulao~, magram sulelebi-sTvis, ase mgonia, es yvelaze ambroziu-li144 mdgomareobaa. isev vagrZelebfiqrs, rom unda dawesdes colqmrulikontraqti, darwmunebuli var, kontraq-tis vadis gasvlis Semdeg, Cemsas ganvaax-lebdi. Tundac Semdgomi vada oTxmoc-dacxrameti weli iyos~.

gadawyda, gazafxulze baironebilondonSi wavidodnen: 9 marts etlmaisini sihemidan waiyvana. bairons undo-da siqs-mail-botomSi, ogastasTan mar-to TviTon SeCerebuliyo, colma daiJi-na, mec davrCebio. ogasta didxans yoy-manobda, mieRo Tu ara isini. saxli pat-ara hqonda, cota adgili iyo da arc isicoda, polkovniki wavidoda Tu ara.bolos mainc miiwvia. gamovidnen Tu arasihemidan, baironma Tavis ugunebobasTavisufleba misca. `roca movdiodiT,dedaTqvenma, ratom momando Tqvenimfarveloba? amiT ra undoda eTqva? ganaar SegiZliaT sakuTar Tavze izrunoT?amjerad TqvenTan erTad wamosvla armindoda~. anabelam upasuxa, ogastas nax-va mindao. ògasta sulelia, _ upasuxada pirquSi toniT daumata, _ diax, ogas-ta – sulelia~. saRamos odnav alersiani

gaxda: ìmitom gamomyeviT colad, rombednier kacad geqcieT _ ase ar aris?maS ase _ Tqven bednieri gamxadeT~.

ogastam isini mSvidad miiRo. sityvacar uTqvams, arc ukocnia rZlisTvis.qalebi zeviT erTad avidnen, iq ki ana-belam pirvelma akoca ogastas. sadilisSemdeg, baironma brendi moiTxova, smadaiwyo, cols ki urCia, dasaZinebladwadio. ùTqvenodac SegviZlia dros ga-tareba, Cemo lamazo~, _ uTxra da meremiumata: àxla, roca is CemTan aris,rogorc xedavT, uTqvenodac iolasgaval, yvela SemTxvevaSi. xom giTxariT,sisulele CaidineT, aq Camosvla rommoisurveT, gacilebiT ukeTesi iqnebo-da, uari geTqvaT~. anabelas es scenauCveuloze uCveulod moeCvena.gaifiqra, ogastazea Seyvarebuli, ogas-tam ki xeli hkrao. meore dRes, ogastamaT isev iseTi uCveulo simSvidiT Sexv-da. àba, guss, _ uTxra baironma, _ xomxedavT, ra zneobrivi adamiani gavxdi,ase ar aris?~ ogasta odnav uxerxulmdgomareobaSi Cavarda TiTqos da Tqva:`diax, ukve SevamCnie raRac progresi~.

mTeli am xnis ganmavlobaSi, ogastaanabelasadmi keTilganwyobili iyo. iseCanda, TiTqos baironi ukan dasdevda,mosvenebas ar aZlevda, ogasta ki TavisgadarCenaze zrunavda, magram misi eSin-oda. baironma sakuTar Tavs Zalze gul-Ria miniSnebis ufleba misca: W e must fly,we must part145... xom gaxsovT, guss, rodisdagiwereT es leqsi?~ anabela baironissaxis nazma da Rrma gamometyvelebamgaaoca, ra saxiTac patara medorasuyurebda. ìciT, rom es Cemi qaliSvil-ia?~ _ Tqva da bavSvi aCvena. da radganbavSvi misi naTluli iyo, es winadadebacSeiZleba sruliad bunebrivi yofiliyo.londonSi ori medalioni daukveTa,erTSi Tavisi Tma ido, meoreSi ogasta-si. orive medalionze asoebi da jvrebiiyo gamosaxuli: o - b - +++ . erTi med-alioni ogastas misca, anabelasken Tavigadaaqnia da Tqva: èh, aman rom icodes,es ra aris~. magram ledi bairons ar sur-da scodnoda es ra iyo. egona, misi mova-leobaa gaeZevebina, ramdenadac Sesa-Zlebelia, es sazareli eWvi. `SiSsa dausazRvro sibraluls~ grZnobda. saku-

144. berZnul miTologiaSi RmerTebissaWmeli, romelic ukvdavebas, maradiulaxalgazrdobas da silamazes aniWebs maT.

145. èrTmaneTs unda gaveqceT, davSor-deT~... /ing./

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141

Tar Tavs piroba misca, arasodesaraferSi aRmoeCina is, rasac msgavsiazris dabadeba mohyveboda146.

jerjerobiT ki, orive didxansseirnobs parkSi da baironze megobru-lad laparakobs. anabela sasowar-kveTilia da iswrafis miendos ogastas.ogasta gaocebulia im morCili sinaziT,rogoriTac rZali eqceoda. `CemdamikeTili xarT, _ eubneboda ogasta, _imitom, rom ar micnobT~. anabelasrCevebs aZlevda, rogori reJimi undaSeeqmna baironisTvis. sakuTari gonebisTvinieri bunebiT, romelic mas mudamaiZulebda, yvelaze tragikuli SemTxve-vac ki Tavis donemde daeyvana, miaCnda,rom misi Zmis gaRizianeba gamowveuliiyo saWmlis cudi monelebiT. baironimarxulobda, rom ar gasuqebuliyo,mere, damSeuli zomaze mets Wamda. amisgamo Zalian itanjeboda da metismetad

didi dozebiT iRebda magnezias. mTelisiave amisganaa, _ uxsnida ogasta. ana-bela eubneboda, baironi autaneli qmar-iao, magram imedi hqonda, Tavisi siyvaru-liT daimorCilebda. ogasta pasuxobda,SegiZlia darwmunebuli iyo, radganCvevebs baironze didi gavlena aqvso.

miuxedavad misis lis wrfeli sikeTi-sa, anabelasTvis masTan yofna namdvilkoSmarad iqca. baironi, mamris saSinelimZvinvarebiT Sepyrobili, im siamovnebasmoklebuli, rasac eloda, sakuTarTavze brazobda, colzec, dazec, svam-da, rom yvelaferi daeviwyebina da ufroda ufro uxeSi xdeboda. ogastas aiZu-lebda xmamaRla ekiTxa is werilebi,romelic am bolo ori wlis ganmavloba-Si baironisgan mieRo, sadac igi cini-kurad laparakobda Tavis gulgriloba-ze anabelasadmi da sxva sayvarlebzec.mere colisken Sebrundeboda da eubne-boda: àm dros darwmunebuli iyaviT,rom Tqveni siyvaruliT vkvdebodi~. sa-Ramos anabelas adrianad agzavnidadasawolad, TviTon ki ogastasTan erTi-ori saaTiT marto rCeboda, ledi bairo-ni ise ubedurad grZnobda Tavs, rom WamaaRar SeeZlo da SimSiliT iklavda Tavs.arcTu iSviaTad oTaxSi iketeboda, man-amde tiroda, vidre gulze ar moeSvebo-da. ùazrobaa... uazrobaa...~ _ eubnebo-da sakuTar Tavs. erTxel ogastas qal-baton nekeris citata aCvena: `tanjva,romelic Cveni danaSauliT ar arisgamowveuli, daviwyebas eZleva. magramsindisis qenjna grZnobebsa da weli-wadebs mihyveba~. ogastam anabelas Sexe-da, sityva ar uTqvams, da anabelas mo-eCvena, rom maT Soris usityvo Tanxmobadamyarda.

ogastasTan stumrobis miwuruls,ledi baironisTvis cxovreba imdenadautaneli gaxda, rom locvaSi scadaTavSesafris povna. biblias kiTxulob-da, roca im adgilebs poulobda, mismdgomareobas rom Seesabameboda,raRacnair mistikur eqstazSi vardebo-da: egona, es ori daRupuli unda gada-erCina, daecva... da gadaarCens kidec.magram, rogor unda gadaarCino adami-ani, romelic giyvars, mas ki sZulxar?

ogastasTan stumrobis dros bairon-ma napoleonis kunZul elbadan dab-runebis ambavi gaigo, ramac didadaRafrTovana. maSasadame, misi tanmor-

146. Tu sabuTebis mixedviT vimsjelebT,davinaxavT, rom ledi bairons am droisTvisukve gasCenia eWvi baironisa da misi dis urT-ierTobebis Sesaxeb. rac Seexeba baironsa daogastas, miuxedavad baironis gaufrTxile-beli miniSnebisa, egonaT, arviTari eWvi arSeiZleba daibadoso da amisa sjerodaT. 1816wlis mimoweraSi, ledi baironsa da misis lisSoris, ledi baironi Tavis muls swerda, rom`Cveni colqmrobis pirveli kvireebidanmoyolebuli, cotas darCa am azrma sigiJem-de ar mimiyvana~-o. ogastam 1816 wlis 15 iv-liss upasuxa: ìluzia, romelzedac gela-parakeT, srul ucodinrobaSia. iqamde xarTmisuli, SegiZliaT dauSvaT, rom me varmizezi Tqveni tanjvisa... axla maxsendeba`zogierTi garemoeba~, razec mimaniSnebT.amas SeiZleba kidev bevri davumatoT, racaseve gaugebari iqneba CemTvis. es CemTvisTiTqos sazareli sizmaria... arcTu iSviaT-ad meCveneboda, rom brmad unda mogndo-bodiT. magram garemoebebma mikarnaxa, romCemi valia, es saidumlo Sevinaxo~. ledibaironis dRiurSi aseve vkiTxulobT: ìs /ogasta/ meubneboda, rom Cems eWvebTandakavSirebiT arasodes araferi mosvliaTavSi, 1815 wlis zafxulis garda, roca misCamoSorebas aSkarad vcdilobdi. magrambairons xSirad amCnevda, Cemi TandaswrebiTiseT raRaceebs ambobda, rac yvela sxva qalsTvals auxelda. roca qali Tavis SiSsamJRavnebda, baironi mas amSvidebda~. /av-tori/.

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Cili kerpi isev aRsdga da mTelia. `daaxla, mokavSireebs Tu ar gatyepavs, su-lerTia, mainc veRar mivwvdebiT. Tu un-ari aqvs, martom mTeli safrangeTi xe-lSi moigdos, maSin xom araferia misTvises dampyroblebi karga magra SeaxurosTavisi saimperatoro gvardiis daxmare-biT? SeuZlebelia am didebuli msv-lelobiT Tavi dabrmavebulad da dama-rcxebulad ar igrZno~. londoni gaogn-da da gvarianad SeSfoTda. sanaZleossdebdnen _ vin gaimarjvebda. hobhauz-ma napoleons misca upiratesoba. 23-Sicnobili gaxda, rom imperatori pariz-Si Sevida. oc dReSi mTeli safrangeTigaiara. samferovani droSa duvriskldeebis pirdapir ukve frialebda. ociwlis istoria isev xelaxla unda dawye-buliyo.

sxva dro rom yofiliyo, baironi amambebze siamovnebiT isaubrebda hob-hauzTan da kiniardTan. axla `am ori qa-lis wrTvna~ iseT cud gunebaze ayeneb-da, rom siqs-mail-botomSi darCena am-jobina. magram ogastas maTi darCena arundoda, amitom 28-Si baironma anabelawaiyvana. anabelas, rogorc misi qmariambobda, aRmoaCnda `mucladRebis sim-ptomebi~, da igi uxasiaTod iyo.

XXIV

pikadili 13

am colqmrobis tragedia, rogorcsxva mravalSi, imaSi mdgomareobda, romTiToeuli meoreSi mTel WeSmaritebasver xedavda.

griersoni

mSvenieri saxli iqiraves pikadili-terasis14713-Si. hyavdaT msaxurebi, hqon-daT ori etli. fuli ar hyofnidaT mxo-lod. saarendo gadasaxadi Svidas funtsSeadgenda, _ es iyo mTeli maTi Semo-savali, romelic ledi baironma mziTvadmoutana. lord baironis Semosavali nu-lis toli iyo, niustedis fermebidanSemosuli Tanxebi valis procentsac kiver faravda. rogorc ki xelgaSlilicxovreba daiwyes, maSinve gamoCndnensasamarTlos aRmasruleblebi. hob-hauzi safrangeTSi miemgzavreboda, un-

doda imperatoris dabrunebis Sesaxebmasalebi Seekriba da amitom megobarsSeuara sanaxavad. Zalian cud xasiaTzedaxvda baironi. is ar wuwunebda, magramhobhauzs ki urCia, coli arasodes moiy-vanoo.

pirvel dReebSi yvelaferi rigzemidioda /`CemTan iseTi kargi iyo, aseTiarasodes minaxavs~/, magram anabelasukve naklebad hqonda momavlis imedi.`imedi, _ ambobda baironi, _ feru-marilia, romelic SeiZleba saxeze gam-oiyeno mxolod. WeSmaritebis umsubuqesmikarebazec ki qreba, da maSin vxedavT,Camokidebulloyeba, ra uzneo dedakacsvexveviT~. da anabelac aseTi mwarefilosofiiT ikvebeboda.

im dros baironi Tavisi uCveulo si-lamaziT yvelas aocebda. misma saxemmRelvare sidiadis niSani aRibeWda.axla ukve Sav tansacmels atarebda damisi garegnobis keTilSobiluri simka-cre mkveTrad Canda. anabela misi yure-biT ar iRleboda. roca hendersonTanyvavilebis SesaZenad midioda, baironspoet-radikal li hantTan `tovebda~padingtonSi. baironi patara hantebs xiscxenze aqanavebda da li hantTan lordkestleris politikaze msjelobda;torebis presasa da xelisuflebas bur-bonebis daxmareba undodaT. `gana Sei-Zleba mSvidad viyoT, roca mezoblissaxli iwvis?~ bunebrivia, baironi da misimegobrebi bonapartesTan omis winaaRm-degi iyvnen da samoqalaqo omSi inglisisCarevas aprotestebdnen. ukan dabruneb-isas ledi baironi qmars Seuvlida dabairons karTan Tavis didebul etlSieloda. baironi ki parmaRis kibeebzehantis bavSvebs eTamaSeboda. bedniericol-qmris idealuri suraTi iqmneboda.mocinari axalgazrda qali, odnav simsu-qneSeparebuli qmari, romelic megobarsemSvidobeba, ficxi, mouTmeneli cxene-bi _ aba, ra ar hyofnida am santimenta-lur suraTs? isini pikadiliSi brunde-bodnen; baironi axal poemaze samuSaodjdeboda. poemas parizina~ erqva. anabe-la, mwerlis uzado coli, mis nawersaTeTrebda. arseboba yvelaze respeqta-beluri niSniT iyo ferumariliT damS-venebuli.

magram ledi baironi naRvliani iyo.sofluri siRaJRaJe dakarga. Tavs eu-lad grZnobda. baironis megobrebi kin-147. londonis aristokratuli ubania.

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143

iardi, hobhauzi da yvela, visac qali`pikadilis bandas~ uwodebda, mas ar mos-wonda. kiniardma bairons drurilanisTeatrSi pai uyida, mis megobars rom gam-geobaSi Sesvla SeZleboda. anabelas ku-lisebis es samyaro ar uyvarda. icoda,rom baironi melburn-hauzSic dadiodada esec aRelvebda. `mamida~ saxifaTomrCeveli iyo. ra eqna? melburnis sa-zogadoebis TvalSi, lemebi baironebisnaTesavebi da megobrebi iyvnen. karoli-na da viliami isev mtredebiviT SehRu-Runebdnen erTmaneTs. baironi maTTanmiRebuli kaci brZandeboda da yve-laferi rigze midioda. baironi ambob-da, karolina Zalian mosawyeni qalia, ma-gram axla mizidavs, rogorc yofili say-vareli, romelTanac Tavisuflad Sei-Zleba laparakio da qalis ndoba siam-ovnebda. ledi baironi erTxel Tvi-Tonac mivida melburn-holSi, saube-durod, iq misis Cavors-masterss, meri-ens Sexvda, romelic nervuli avadmyo-fobisgan gamojanmrTelebuliyo. ana-belam ogastas miswera am vizitis Sesax-eb: arasodes miambnia TqvenTvis, rogorSevxvdi misis masterss karolinas saxl-Si. baironze yvelaferi gamomkiTxa. cx-ovrebaSi ar minaxavs, aseTi avi kata. neb-ismieri qali masTan SedarebiT umwikv-lo iqneba. oh, netav SemeZlos am saSine-li qalaqidan wasvla; Wkuidan viSlebi...darwmunebuli var, sofelSi ucbad mov-ikeTeb da mSvenivrad movawyob cxovre-bas, kargi ganwyobac damibrundeba~. isearaferi iyo ledi baironisTvis mtan-jveli, am Seyvarebuli, eWviani, umankoadamianisTvis, rogorc londonSi cx-ovreba gaxldaT, sadac gamudmebiTgrZnobda, mis yovel nabijs, rogoruTvalTvalebdnen metoqe qalebi, rom-lebic odesRac mis qmars uyvarda; ana-belas ki eSinoda, raRaciT ar gaeTqva,rom maTi colqmroba warumatebeli iyo.

mTavari mainc ogasta iyo. aTi dRisSemdeg gamoCnda da pikadili-teraszemoewyo. rogor moxda, rom anabelam moi-wvia? `uimedo iyo, _ xsnida igi, _ imismcdeloba, rom isini erTmaneTisganSors yofiliyvnen, _ meore mxriv, Sesa-Zlebeli megona maT Soris ubralo, ubi-wo urTierTobis Seqmna. sakuTar Tavs amori arsebis mcvelad vgrZnobdi~.baironma ogasta dainaxa da Tavisi cno-bili warbSekruli, siZulviliT savse

gamoxedviT SeaTvaliera. ramdenime wu-Tis Semdeg ki, kvlav mis momxibvlelo-bas daemorCila. `didi sisulele Caidi-neT, CvenTan rom moiwvieT, _ uTxracols, _ amas igrZnobT kidec. bevri ramSeicvleba TqvenTvis~.

Sedegad isev is daiwyo, rac siqs-mail-botomSi xdeboda. saRamos ana-belas isev Tavis oTaxSi agzavnidnen;cxadia, qals ar eZina da yoveli Cqamisgagoneba qmris nabijebis xma egona. fex-is xmaze scnobda, rogor xasiaTze Semov-idoda. Tu nabijebi muqariani energiiTaxlovdeboda, es niSnavda, rom baironigacofebuli iyo; zogjer misi fexisnabijebTan erTad ogastas nabijis xmacismoda, ismoda sicilic. am sami adami-anis urTierToba marTlac uCveuloiyo. anabelas Pip-s eZaxdnen, ogastas _oose, baironi colisTvis Duck /ixvis Wu-Wuli/ iyo, disTvis ki beibi. bednieriwuTebic gamoereoda xolme. baironicols eubneboda: `xuTi wlidan maincrom mcnobodiT, SeiZleba bednieri vyo-filiyavi~. kidev: `Cemo sacodavo pat-arav, marTlac bevri araferi gWirde-baT, kmayofili rom iyoT~. magram bairo-ni zogjer iseTi saSineli xdeboda, romanabela ogastasadmi siZulviliT ivse-boda da misi mokvlis survili uCndebo-da. `vgiJdebodi da am cdunebisgan,SurisZiebis survilisgan, Tavi rom mex-sna, iZulebuli gavxdi SurisZiebis adg-ilze romantikuli miteveba dameyenebi-na~. rogorc odesRac, bavSvur ocnebeb-Si, Termopiles148 icavda da Wirianebsuvlida, anabelas axlac aseve surda eS-vela im qalisTvis, romelic misi ube-durebis mizezi iyo. ase iqca siZulvilimxurvale, uimedi megobrobad. rogorcyvela Seyvarebul qals, amasac izidav-da qmris warsuli. ogasta, zustad is ad-amiani iyo, `romelic yvelafris saqmiskursSi iyo~. garda amisa, igi kidev is iyo,romelic anabelas icavda, roca baironsmisi iq yofna aRizianebda.

miuxedavad amisa, ivnisis bolos,ledi baironma Tavis muls agrZnobina,Seni stumroba CvenTan Zalze gagr-Zeldao da misis li siqs-mail-botomSi

148. Termopiles gadasasvlelTan moxdaberZnebisa da sparselebis brZola (Zv.w.480).gadasasvlels samasi sparteli icavda, uTa-nasworo brZolaSi mTeli razmi daiRupa.

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dabrunda.1815 wlis mTeli zafxuli, TiTqmis

yoveli dila, erTi-ori saaTi mainc,baironma jon maris gamomcemlobaSi gaa-tara. iq im iSviaT mwerals xvdeboda,romelic masSi pativiscemasa da aRtace-bas iwvevda _ es iyo ser uolter skoti.orives siamovnebda erTmaneTTansaubari. skots eubnebodnen, baironiucnaurobebiT savse Wabukiao, magram esSTabeWdileba mas ar Seqmnia. is erTi immcireTagani iyo, vinc SeZlo baironisxasiaTebis keTilSobilebis Sefaseba.religiasa da politikaSi sxvadasxva ba-naks ekuTvnodnen, magram skots saeWvodmiaCnda, rom bairons am mxriv mtkicemrwamsi hqonoda. isic uTxra, ramdenimewlis Semdeg rwmena kidev Segecvlebao.baironma miugo:

`_ unda vifiqro, erTi imaTgani br-ZandebiT, vinc miwinaswarmetyvelebs,rom meTodisti149 gavxdebi.

_ ara, ara, _ upasuxa skotma, _ aramgonia aseTi banaluri xasiaTis mima-rTuleba gqondeT. dasaSvebia, ufro ka-Tolikur rwmenas eziaroT da gamoirCeTmkacri TviTgandgomiT. religias,romelic SeiZleba Tqven miendoT, war-mosaxvaze unda hqondes didi gavlena~.

baironma fiqrianad gaiRima da upa-suxa: `ara~.

erTmaneTs saCuqrebi gaugzavnes.skotma oqroTi moWedili mSvenieri xan-jali aCuqa, odesRac mrisxane elfi-beisrom ekuTvnoda. ramdenime dRis Semdegbaironisgan vercxlis urna miiRo Zv-lebiT naxevrad savse, zed leqsi amoatv-ifrina iuvenaliusisa:150

`da mxolod erTma sikvdilma icis, ramcire aris sxeulis wona adamianTa~.skots sxvaze ukeT SeeZlo baironisdamSvideba da aiZula kidec misdamiufro mimndobi yofiliyo. `xSirad iyomelanqoliuri, _ werda skoti, _ TiTq-mis pirquSi. roca aseT xasiaTze mxvde-boda, velodi, TavisiT rodis gadaivl-ida misi pirquSoba da vcdilobdi rameubralo da bunebrivi mizezi mepova, romiZulebuli gamexada laparaki daewyo;

maSin ukve misi saxidan Crdilebiswrafad qreboda~.

ledi bairons ase rom scnoboda esmeamboxe suli, SeiZleba, pikadili-te-rasis saxlSi yvelaferi mSvidad yofil-iyo; magram ledi baironi absolutistiiyo da Seyvarebuli _ da es ori TvisebasibrZnesTan misasvlel gzas uWrida.

1815 wlis ivnisi. anabela orsulobismesame TveSi iyo. hobhauzi safrangeTSiimyofeboda da armiidan axal ambebseloda. ocSi kurierma auwya mas, napole-oni vaterloosTan daamarcxeso. `oorellow~,151 _ Tqva man. baironma, ki gai-go Tu ara, wamoiZaxa: W ell, I am damned sor-ry for it~152 axalgazrda ingliseli qalebibelgiaSi iyvnen, zogi Zmas uvlida, zogiqmars, vin kidev satrfos. karolina lem-ic iq iyo da guli mosdioda ledi fren-sis uebsteris warmatebebze. baironi arcdeboda, roca Tqva, is vinc ufro ga-bedul Setevaze gadava, am axalgazrdaqalze gaimarjvebso. ledi frensis,warumatebeli, umanko TavgadasavlisSemdeg, didi warmatebebi hqonda; imasacambobdnen, uelingtonma153 mis gamodaigviana brZolis velzeo. rac Seexebamarito-s, cols axlda da am brZolazepoemas Txzavda.

hobhauzi dabrunda; baironTan er-Tad naRvlianad adevnebda Tvals am tra-gedias, inglisel admirals swyevlid-nen, romelmac imperators `generali~uwoda. `yeyeCi aramzada!~ _ Tqvabaironma. orivem sixaruliT Seityo, romgamgzavrebisas ingliselebis jgufi na-poleons miesalma. amjerad, katastro-fa gamousworebeli iyo; evropa meter-nixs154 emorCileboda. `respublikazeyovelgvari imedi daingra, mogviwevsZvel sistemas davubrundeT. mezizRebapolitikosebi da mkvlelebi. bedniere-ba, gangebam rom uboZa lord kes-tlers,155 amtkicebs, ra nakleb mniS-

149. inglisur-amerikuli religiuri se-qta, romelic moiTxovda anglikanuri ek-lesiis wesebis zust Sesrulebas.

150. decimus iunius iuvenaliusi _ ro-maeli satirikosi /daax. 60 _ daax. 127/.

151. `sacodavi~. /ing./.152. `saSinlad vwuxvar amis gamo~. /ing./.153. arTur uelzli uelingtoni /1769-

1852/ _ inglisis saxelmwifo moRvawe,sardali, diplomati.

154. klemens vencel loTar meternix-vineburgi /1773-1859/ _ avstriis saxelm-wifo moRvawe da diplomati.

155. robert stiuart kestleri, vikontkestleri, markiz londonderi /1769-1822 /_ didi britaneTis saxelmwifo moRvawe.

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vnelobas aniWeben RmerTebi ayvavebas,radgan iseT adamianebs, rogoric esloTi kaprali, beberi bliuxeria,156

uflebas aZleven, masxarad aigdon isi-ni, vinc ganusazRvrelad didia maTze.gamonaklisi uelingtonia, is mainc nam-dvili adamiania _ scipioni157 Cveni hani-balisa.~158

magram es yvelaferi Rirs ki imad,kacma ifiqros? `bolos da bolos, axlaarsebobs ki rame, risTvisac sawolidanadgoma Rirs? viZinebT samefoTa ngre-vis xmaurze, diliT ki nangrevs ukvexvetaven~. ah, adges da wavides, es dampa-li dasavleTi miatovos, saberZneTsa daTurqeTSi ipovos sulieri samyaro. oo,rogor uyvars is saaTebi, roca hobhauz-Tan da fletCerTan erTad im lurji cisqveS cxens miaWenebda. es uferulicolqmruli cxovreba autaneli xdebo-da misTvis. damoukideblobas miCveuliadamiani, rogoric is iyo, yovelgvariZulebiT aRvirs sigiJemde mihyavs. kar-gad amoicno anabela, SecdomebSic kiucodveli. wesebisa da principebis ar-seba, romelTa daxmarebiTac qali, mov-lenebze mbrZaneblobas imedovnebda.magram, rac ufro metad sjeroda amisa,miT ufro met siamovnebas Rebulobdabaironi misTvis sawinaaRmdegos damtki-cebaSi. `qorwineba siyvarulisgan yali-bdeba, rogorc Zmari Rvinisgan. es mJave,nakleb sasiamovno sasmeli, romelsacdrom RvTaebrivi surneli moaSora dasamzareulos sacodav salafavad aq-cia... visTvis SeiZleba, rom colqmrulisinaze saintereso iyos? colqmrulkocnaSic araferia iseTi, rac gakicxvasimsaxurebs. rogor fiqrobT, Tu laurapetrarkas coli iqneboda, maSin petrar-ka mTeli cxovreba sonetebis werasmoandomebda?~ cofi moeria, roca marimqorwinebis Semdeg dawerili ori leqsis`moraluri siwminde~ miuloca da Tava-ziani RimiliT daumata: ver gavbedavdiCemi colisTvis maT xmamaRal wakiTxvas,

rom ar mcodnoda is nazi xeli, romel-mac es leqsebi gadawera~.

mis irgvliv, TiTqos sagangebodo,yvelaferi ise ewyoboda, rom baironigaRizianebuliyo. ledi milbenks Zmamoukvda, lordi uentvorTi. ledi mil-benkma memkvidreobad ledi noelis sax-eli miiRo da kidev, daaxloebiT, rvaaTasi funti wliuri Semosavali. amTanxidan anabelas dedis sikvdilamdearaferi ergeboda, ser ralfi valebSiiyo yelamde da ledi noels qaliSvilisdaxmareba ar SeeZlo. pikadili-teraszeki finansurma mdgomareobam saSiSi xas-iaTi miiRo. Tavisi avtoris gaWirvebu-li mdgomareoba rom icoda, marimbairons erTnaxevari aTasi funtis qvi-Tari gaugzavna, magram baironma ukandaubruna. sasamarTlo aRmasrulebelisaxlidan ar SordebodaT. am ucxo adami-anis maT saxlSi yofna, baironis warmo-saxvaSi namdvil dramad gadaiqca. masdramis gareSe cxovreba ar SeeZlo. ana-belam es kargad icoda da ambobda: sasa-marTlo aRmasruleblebi misi axlande-li romania~.

yvela am ubedurebaSi damnaSave anabe-la iyo, romelmac misi surviliswinaaRmdeg moindoma mis cxovrebaSiCareva. baironi eubneboda, fuli argveqnebao. fuli ar hyofnidaT. kredi-torebi imuqrebodnen avejs, wignebsgagiyidiTo. kibeze sasamarTlo aRmas-ruleblis fexis xma ismoda; is iyo axlabaironebis saxlis patroni. es qali ki,Tavisi Seuarcxmyofeli sikeTiT, aq, misgverdiT iyo. baironma icoda, rom ana-belas cudad eqceoda; sindisis qenjnasgrZnobda, arcTu iSviaTad ZalianmZafrsac, magram TviT es sindisis qenj-na kidev erTi mizezi iyo imisTvis, romsZuleboda coli. `mas rom egrZno, CemiRirsia, _ Tqva erTxel anabelam, _keTili gaxdeboda... misTvis TiTqos sin-disi viyavi~. anabela xSirad iyo Sorsm-Wvreteli. diax, marTlac, TiTqosdabaironis cocxali sindisi iyo, magramxom arsebobs SemTxvevebi, roca amsindiss ginda gaeqce. bairons Surdamisi, rogorc odesRac Surda `meorebaironisa~.

colis danaxva aRar undoda. sulierisimSvide rom epova, kunZul naqsoszeunda wasuliyo an is gaegzavnamamamisTan, `rogorc gaTamamebuli

156. gebhard leberext bliuxeri /1742-1819/ _ prusiis general-feldmarSali.

157. scipioni publius kornelius af-rikeli ufrosi /Zv. w. 185-129/ _ romaelimxedarTmTavari da politikuri moRvawe.

158. hanibali /Zv. w. 247 an 246-183/ _karTagenis mxedarTmTavari da saxelmwifomoRvawe.

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Svili, rogoric marTlac iyo~. magram,rom xedavda, anabela mis gverdiTrogor arsebobda, masSi eSmaki saxlde-boda. erTi misi winapris msgavsad,romelmac Tqva: `Cems xelebs cudi in-stinqti aqvs~-o, isic gaordeboda da imbaironis mayurebeli xdeboda, romelicucnobi iyo da saxifaTo. mrisxanebaSTagonebas emsgavseba. rogorc ki mrisx-aneba Seipyrobs adamians, metismetadgulwrfeli mowinaaRmdegec ki marTaliaRar aris. baironi tkbeboda Tavisimrisxanebis sanaxaobiT da TavSeukave-blad eZleoda RvarZls, romelic masTiTqmis wminda egona. erTxel, ganrisx-ebulma, kedlis saaTic ki daanarcxaiatakze da buxris saCxrekiT daamtvria.iseve, rogorc odesRac pativcemulikiti gordoni akeTebda mis Tvalwin sau-suelSi. anabela am dros orsulobis me-eqvse TveSi iyo; is xedavda, mis axlosrogor izrdeboda mtruli Zala, rom-lis marTvac mas aRar SeeZlo.

ojaxSi areulobis Sesaxeb ar undodamSoblebisTvis eTqva, rom ar SeeSfoTe-bina isini, da TavSi azrad mouvida,ogastasTvis moexmo. Semodgomazebaironma anderZi dawera da, rac ramgaaCnda, ogastas misca. ledi baironmaTavisi SesaniSnavi uangarobiT ogastasauwya es ambavi: `Zvirfaso li, _ swerdaledi baironi, _ unda gauwyoT, rom ise-Ti sinaziT laparakobda Tavis Zvirfasoose-ze, cotas darCa ar atirda. mecaseve. laparaki imiT daiwyo, romanderZis Sinaarsi miambo, romelic is-isiyo dawera, _ da me ramdenadac SemiZliaganvsajo, zustad iseTia, rogoric undagaekeTebina... Zvirfaso ogasta, dam-ijereT, metismetad kargad gicnobT,rom am sakiTxze vTqva is, rac SeiZlebaTqvas zogierTma pirovnebam, anda Tun-dac msgavsi ram~, /es zogierTi pirovne-ba, ueWvelia, karolina lemi iyo, romlisvaraudebic baironisa da misi dis urT-ierTobaze londonSi vrceldeboda/.man icoda, rom ogastas, miuxedavadTavisi naklovanebebisa, keTili saqmee-bis keTeba SeeZlo. is pikadili-tersa-Sic miiwvia _ aq darCi bavSvis dabade-bamdeo. orsulobis bolo dReebSi ana-bela mzad iyo yovelgvari daxmareba mi-eRo. im adamianTan darCena, romelic,rogorc Canda Tavs veRar iWerda, Zalze

aSinebda. im qalis daZaxebasac ar SeuS-inda, romelsac yvelaze metad ufrTx-oda.

roca ogasta Cavida, baironi iseTmdgomareobaSi daxvda, elda eca. RviZ-lis Seteva hqonda, gafiTrebuli saxeCayviTleboda. ubeduri da avadmyofi,namdvil sixaruls samuSaoSic veRarpoulobda, tkivilis gasayuCebladlaudaniums ylapavda. sawolis TavTangamudmebiT patara SuSa edga. es wamalixanmokle Svebas ki hgvrida, magram mereufro Zlieri tkivilebi ewyeboda.qalebis saxlSi yofnis gamo Tavi undaSeekavebina, amitom gamudmebiT gaRiz-ianebuli, cudad grZnobda Tavs, mokle-buli iyo yvelafers, rac uyvarda, _simSvides, poetur martoobas am didmdumare saxlSi, Tan es kreditorebicganuwyvetliv garSemo utrialebdnen,da Tavis winapar gordonebs emsgavsebo-da, veluri cxoveli xdeboda. amjerad,ogastasac iseTive cudad eqceoda,rogorc anabelas. saSinlad elaparake-boda qals mis qmarsa da Svilebze. rocaogasta gabedavda da sityva `movale-obas~ ixmarda, baironi etyoda: movale-oba ufal RmerTs dautoveTo~-o. mTelidRe colqmrobis saSinel institutzemsjelobda; ificeboda, am saZulvelitvirTisgan gavTavisufldebio; oriveqals emuqreboda sayvarels moviyvano.

roca marto rCebodnen, qalebi naRv-lianad saubrobdnen. `ah, _ eubnebodaogasta anabelas, _ ver warmoidgenT,rogor vaRmerTebdi~. anabelam es ico-da da zogjer naRvliani simwariTagrZnobinebda kidec, rac Tanamo-saubris mousvenrobas iwvevda. meresaubari nakleb saxifaTo Temebze gada-dioda. aba, amaze laparaki raRa saWiroiyo? ogasta axla erTaderTi arseba iyo,romelic massa da mis SiSs Soris idga. amqalur gulgaSlilobas, gadaCurCule-bebs ucbad rom wydeboda, roca baironigamoCndeboda, is wonasworobidan gamo-hyavda. garda rZal-mulisa, saxlSi cx-ovrobda titulis memkvidre jorj en-son baironi, romelic ogastam moiwviasusti arsebebis dasacavad, da kidev mi-sis klermonti, anabelas aRmzrdeli.baironi darwmunebuli iyo, anabela amarsebas aq imitom aCerebda, misTvis romeTvalTvala. misi magidis ujrebidan

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werilebi ikargeboda. xedavda, faruladrogor uTvalTvalebdnen, rogor amow-mebdnen mis yovel gamoxedvas. giJad xomar miaCndaT?

anabela marTlac ixreboda amazrisken. aba, giJi Tu ar iyo, rogor See-Zlo udanaSaulo qali sZuleboda? aqkidev, es daSterebuli mzera. `gana arSegimCneviaT, _ eubneboda anabela ogas-tas, _ qveS-qveS, Tavdaxrili rogoriyureba... avadmyofobis erT-erTi sim-ptomia, romelic mefes aRmouCines,roca Wkuidan SeiSala~. erTxel Teatr-Si, loJaSi ijda da sakuTar Tavs dauw-yo laparaki. iqneb, es laudaniumis mo-qmedebis Sedegia? naRveli? anda Seugne-beli butbuti poetisa, romelic saWirofrazas eZebs? orive qalma da jorjbaironma erTmaneTs gadaxedes. racufro metad amCnevda, romuTvalTvalebdnen, miT metad cecxlde-boda. biZaSvilma jorjma ledi baironsurCia, saxlidan wadio. `Tu amas ar gaa-keTebT, _ uTxra man, _ iZulebuliviqnebi mamaTqveni gavafrTxilo~.

bavSvi 10 dekembers daibada; gogonaiyo da ara memkvidre, romelic ase undo-da bairons. hobhauzma bavSvis sanaxavadSeiara. korsari ojaxis mamis rolSi, _TavSesaqcevi sanaxaobaa. `baironTanviziti. bavSvis sanaxavad mivedi, ogasta-ada; ada _ qalis saxelia, romelic co-lad romeliRac mis winapars gahyva mefeioanes zeobis xanaSi~. pikadili-terasidan hobhauzi holand-hauzSi wav-ida sadilad da magidasTan mis mezo-blad karolina lemi aRmoCnda; qali mS-venier xasiaTze iyo. im saRamos aseT sa-kiTxze msjelobda: ras fiqroben adami-anebi im dros, roca laparakoben~. sule-li qali ar iyo ledi karolina. hobhauziledi karolinas uyurebda da fiqrobda,ra swrafad iviwyeben adamianebi yve-laferso. rogorc etyoba, es qali bed-nieria; gverdiT dedamTili uzis daqmari, romelic Zalian nazad eqceva, _am dros ki, ubeduri baironi, gaavebuli,kuTxidan kuTxes awydeba Tavis galiaSi,pikadili-terasze. ucnauri xumrobaacxovreba.

hobhauzis dRiuri: `Tu mTeli samya-ro mxolod sibinZuris nawilia, maSinerTaderTi ram, rac mainteresebs isaris, rom me varsebob am nawilze da rac

SemiZlia, yvelaferi unda gavakeTo sak-uTari TavisTvis, jerjerobiT ki es yve-laferi ase gagrZeldeba~.

28 dekembers anabelam dedisgan wer-ili miiRo, romelic yvelas kirkbiSiepatiJeboda, mis axal cixe-darbazSi.bairons wasvla ar undoda, magram ratomar unda esargebla im saSualebiT,romelic am tvirTisgan gaaTavisufleb-da? 9 ianvars ledi baironis oTaxSi Tqva,ganzraxuli maqvs, Cems saxlSi viRac aq-trisa Cavasaxloo. mere sami dRe ar Se-sula arc anabelasTan da arc bavSvTan.6-Si anabelam werili miiRo: `rodisapirebT londonis datovebas? sasurve-lia, Tqveni gamgzavrebis dRe winaswariyos cnobili da /SeZlebisdagvarad/arc ise Sori. amaze Cemi azri iciT, ismdgomareobac, ramac igi Camoayaliba,aseve Cemi gegmebic, ufro sworad, mo-mavalSi rac maqvs ganzraxuli. rocasofelSi iqnebiT, ufro dawvrilebiTmogwerT. radgan ledi noeli kirkbiSigiwvevT, SegiZliaT axlave gaemgzavroT,cxadia, Tu sihemSi wasvlas ar amjobin-ebT. radgan CemTvis Zalze mniSvnelova-nia Cveni axlandeli msaxurebisgan gaT-avisufleba, amitom rac ufro swrafadmiiRebT gadawyvetilebas, miT ukeTesiiqneba, _ Tumca, TavisTavad igulisxme-ba, rom angariSi unda gaewios imasac,rac TqvenTvis sasiamovno da mosaxerx-ebeli iqneba. bavSvs, cxadia, Tqven waiy-vanT~. anabelam meore dResve upasuxa:`vemorCilebi Tqvens survils da uax-loes dRes davasaxeleb, rogorc kimdgomareoba londonidan gamgzavrebisSesaZleblobas momcems~.

anabelas eWvi ar epareboda, rombaironi SeiSala da am SeSlilobam mis-dami Rrma zizRis forma miiRo, amitomgamgzavreba Tavis movaleobad miiCnia.Tavis eqim belis da baironis eqim, mis-ter lemans daeTaTbira. maT uTxres,rom avadmyofobis arsi uaxloes xanSigaxdeba naTeli da kirkbiSi baironisCamosvla maSin iqneba SesaZlebeli, isicmxolod eqimis meTvalyureobis qveSo.aseve urCies, yvelafers moeride, rasacmisi gaRizianeba SeuZlia, mxiaruli daalersiani werilebi moswereo.

gamgzavrebis winadRes bairons damS-vidobebis neba sTxova. anabelas xelSipatara ada eWira. baironma is civad mi-

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iRo. bolo Rame anabelas kargad eZina,magram diliT mainc daqanculi adga.etli saxlis SesasvlelTan eloda. ana-bela kibeze daeSva. baironis oTaxis kar-win didi fexsawmendi ego, romelzecbaironis niufaundlends eZina. anabelasmounda TviTonac iatakze dawoliliyoda mas dalodeboda _ es mxolod erTwams gagrZelda da qalma oTaxs Cauara.

pirvelive safosto sadguridanbairons moswera:

`Cemo Zvirfaso, gogona mSvenivradgrZnobs Tavs da mogzaurobas Cinebu-lad itans. imedi maqvs, Tavs gaufrTx-ildebiT, gaixsenebT Cems Txovnas daCems samedicino rCevebs. Tavs nu daak-lavT leqsebis weris saSinel xelobas,nurc brends moakvlevinebT Tavs, nurcnuravis da nurc nurafers, rac wesiTada kanoniT gonivruli ar iqneba. miuxe-davad imisa, rom urCoba gamoviCine dawerils gwerT, mainc mogvaqcieT yura-dReba kirkbiSi. salami adasgan da Cem-gan~.

meore dRes kirkbidan:`Cemo Zvirfaso duck, guSin saRamos

mSvidobianad CamovediT; sastumrooTaxis magivrad samzareuloSimigviRes; sakmaod sasiamovno SecdomaadamSeuli adamianebisTvis. mama apirebsam SemTxvevis gamo sasacilo moTxrobagamogigzavnoT. mas da dedas Zalian un-daT mTeli Cveni ojaxi male erTad nax-on... baironi rom ar menatrebodes, sof-lis es haeri Zalian momixdeboda. iss mi-aCnia, rom gadiam bavSvs ufro meti undaaWamos. suqdeba. kidev kargi, moferebasver igebs, raRas ar eZaxian _ `pataraangelozi~ da kidev bevr rames. momi-kiTxeT Zvirfasi goose; aseve TqvencmogikiTxaT yvelam, vinc aq aris. maradTqveni usazRvrod moyvaruli ippin...ip... ip~.

XXV

`jer kidev erTi wlis win, ZvirfasomeuRlev Cemo...~

eqimebi darwmunebuli iyvnen, romcolis gamgzavrebisTanave baironidamSviddeboda. ogasta da jorj bairo-ni, romlebic isev masTan cxovrobdnen,xedavdnen, rom igi mainc Zalian aRgzneb-uli iyo. ogasta Tavis rZals yoveldRe

ugzavnida cnobebs:`baironi guSin saRamos saxlSi iyo _

brendi ar iyo; wamals svamda. saRamosara uSavda ra, magram bolos Zneli asa-tani gaxda. jorjma hkiTxa, rodis wax-val kirkbiSio, man uazro saxiT upasuxa:`waval? ara! amaze arc ki vfiqrob; TuSesaZlebeli iqneba, Tavs avarideb!~ mereucnaur ambebze daiwyo laparaki _ medamesxa Tavs, rogorc yovelTvis, Cemsqmarsa da Svilebs dauwyo lanZRva _mokled, yvelaferi iseve moxda, racTqven iciT da rac asjer mogismeniaT...~.

`Zneli asatani~, _ Tavis Zmaze ise am-bobda ogasta, rogorc sakuTar Svilzelaparakobs deda. ogasta mas ise eqceo-da, rogorc bunebis saswauls da ara ise,rogorc cocxal arsebas. iqneb amitomacuyvarda bairons igi.

im dros, roca mwamebeli da tiranibaironi pikadilSi Tavis stumrebze mbr-Zaneblobis formebs eZebda, kirkbiSimisi bedi wydeboda. roca ledi baironimSoblebTan Cavida, misi cnoba SeuZle-beli iyo; mrgvali loyebi, risTvisacpipins /saadreo vaSls/ eZaxdnen, Cavar-dnoda da gafiTreboda. uZiloba sWir-da. fiqrebi, SiSi, eWvi ciebcxelebianisfxizlobis mdgomareobaSi agdebda. TusakuTar Tavs ucodvelad miiCnevda, ma-Sin baironis danaSauli unda eRiarebi-na. ra eqna? ra eTqva? mas baironi uyvar-da. misi gadarCena undoda. moTminebisgamoCena metismetad dogmaturi Canda,arada, misi qcevebi, SexedulebebiTavzars scemda. magram is giJi iyo, amisgamo Sewynarebas imsaxurebda da misimkurnaloba iyo saWiro. aq ukve movale-obis ideas Seejaxa da rogorc ki mova-leobis abstraqtuli gageba daemTxvamocemul problemebs, anabelam Taviukve myar niadagze igrZno.

mSoblebi misi garegnobiT ise iyvnenSeSinebulni, rom anabela iZulebuligaxda maTTvis cota ram mainc eTqva, ma-gram Tavis eWvebze mulis mimarT krin-ti ar dauZravs. ser ralfi aRSfoTebu-li iyo. ver warmoidgenT, _ swerda ana-bela ogastas, _ ra mkacria mamaCemi,dedaCemze mkacria~. magram, mas Semdeg,rac mSoblebs auxsna, rom misi qmari avadiyo, bairons yvelaferi miuteves da da-JinebiT moiTxoves samkurnalod misikirkbiSi Casvla. `ver warmoidgenT imdid mzrunvelobasa da im mxurvale sur-

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vils, rom am sacodav kacs yvelaferigaukeTon, rac SesaZlebelia. dedaCemimSvidad aris, Tumca Zalian danaRv-lianebulia... mamac da dedac miiCneven,yovelmxriv ukeTesi iqneba, Tu baironiCamova. amboben, kargad movuvliTo daaxla, roca maTTvis ukve cnobilia, racmoxda, misi sevdis mizezebze aRarcarafers hkiTxaven da arc SeawuxebenTavianTi saqcieliT... rom gadawyvitosda Camovides, masze zemoqmedeba mxolodmemkvidris meSveobiTaa SesaZlebeli~.bairons araerTxel uTqvams, rom gan-zraxuli aqvs colTan urTierTobagaagrZelos manamde, vidre vaJi ar gauCn-deba, /Tundac imisTvis, rom jorj en-sonisTvis ewyeninebina/ da mere konti-nentze wavidoda.

aseTi iyo pirveli dReebi. magram, im-isda mixedviT, rac nel-nela mJRavnde-boda, ra cxovrebiTac cxovrobda anabe-la baironTan, mSoblebis aRSfoTebaizrdeboda. ledi noeli, romelsacmudam moqmedeba swyuroda, iTxovda,londonSi wavideT, iuristebTan sakon-sultaciodo. TviT anabelas ki pikadil-idan mosulma ambebma Tavgza aubnia.rogorc Canda, misi mosazreba avadmyo-fobis Sesaxeb ar mtkicdeboda. eqimilemani werda: `rac Seexeba Cemi avadmy-ofis gonebriv mdgomareobas, unda vTq-va, rom veraferi vnaxe iseTi, rac namd-vil SeSlilobaze migvaniSnebs. uki-duresi gaRizianeba, etyoba, SedegiaRviZlisa da saWmlis momnelebeli orga-noebis araswori muSaobisa, da rom, aras-wori mkurnalobis Sedegad, SeiZlebaSeSlilobaSi gadazrdiliyo, Tumca,rogorc mgonia, Zneli ar aris am yve-lafers bolo moeRos~.

maSin, Tu igi saR gonebazea, misiqcevebi misatevebeli ar aris, da ledibaironis RvTismosaoba, iseve, rogorcsiamaye, aseT SemTxvevaSi mZime, magramaucilebel gamosavals karnaxobda. misiazriT, miwieri cxovreba mxolod ukv-davebisTvis mosamzadebeli Jamia. amit-om samarTlianad ar miaCnda es cxovre-ba msjavrdebulTan gaetarebina,romelic maradiuli tanjvisTvisswiravda. da ganSorebis gardauvalgadawyvetilebamde midioda, rac sa-sowakveTaSi agdebda.

ledi noeli, piriqoT, londonSi iyoda medidurobis im sasiamovno grZnobas

ganicdida, romelic satrfialo Tavga-dasavlebisgan gamoTavisuflebul mox-uc qalebs aqvT, roca amisgan axal-gazrdebsac aTavisufleben. man rCevebisaxelganTqmul kanonmcodne ser samuelromilisgan miiRo, garda amisa, elapar-aka axalgazrda, brwyinvale advokatlesingtons: `es adamiani _ srulyo-fili jentlmenia; arasodes minaxavs ase-Ti naTeli da brwyinvale goneba. igiveazri aqvs, rogoric sxvebs, saxeldobr,mamaTqvenma megobruli SeTanxmeba undaSesTavazos. darwmunebuli var, lordibaironi winaaRmdegi ar iqneba... Tu ara-da, lesingtoni miiCnevs, rom saqmes saek-lesio sasamarTlo gaarCevs da gayrisnebas darTavs uxeSi da mkacri mopyro-bis mizeziT~. roca qaliSvilis gadaw-yvetileba Seityo, moiwona.

2 Tebervals ser ralfma bairons wer-ili gaugzavna da ganqorwineba SesTava-za. es werili misis lim Caigdo xelSi daisev ukan gagzana, im imediT, rom iqneb essabediswero gadawyvetileba Tavidanaeridebina. maSin ser ralfi TviTon Cav-ida londonSi da meore werili baironsxelidan xelSi Caabara. weriliT auw-yebdnen, rom misi colis mSoblebiumarTebulod miiCnevdnen anabelasqmarTan dabrunebas da moiTxovdnen pa-suxi Seetyobinebina Tavisi rwmunebu-lisTvis. baironi gaocebuli darCa daukiduresad SeZrwunda. mas anabelas oriwerili hqonda gamgzavrebisas dawer-ili, iseTi nazi werilebi iyo. maS, raRamoxda? ver daijera, rom es gadaw-yvetileba ledi baironma miiRo. ratommiatova anabelam? ki, misi qcevebis gamoitanjeboda, magram xom apatia... ogasta?ise Canda, rom rZal-muli axla miswinaaRmdeg gaerTiandnen. SeiZleba, uc-naur siamovnebasac grZnobda im raRacminiSnebebSi, romlebic gulubryvilogaugebrobad miaCnda, magram amis gardara damamtkicebeli sabuTebis wardgenaSeeZlo ledi bairons, _ magram maT qor-winebamde didi xniT adre xom yvelafersbolo mouRo?

uazrobaa, amgvarad miatovos qalma!roca anabela mis gverdiT iyo Riziande-boda, SeeZlo ganqorwinebaze fiqriTTavi Seeqcia, magram TviT faqtma ukveSeaZrwuna. santimentaluri qameleoni,is axla mxolod TavianT bednier wuTebsixsenebda. jer kidev winadRes, ledi

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melburnTan stumrobisas, diTirambebsumReroda cols da mTel saaTs misSesaniSnav Tvisebebze laparakobda.

baironi _ ledi bairons: yvelaferi,rac SemiZlia vTqva, mgoni amaoa da eWviar aris isic, rac SemeZlo meTqva damainc, imedis namsxvrevebs veWidebi, vi-dre samudamod ar gamqrala. nuTuCemTan bednieri arasodes yofilxarT?gana es arasodes giTqvamT? gana ormxri-vad ar gagvimJRavnebia sinaze da siy-varuli, Zalze Tbili da Tanaziari? ganaes TiTqmis yoveldRe ar mJRavndebodaTiToeul CvenganSi, xSirad ki orive-Si?..~.

egona, anabelas, am mowodebiT gulsauCvilebda. fletCeris coli maSinledi bairons axlda da mowme Seiqna ana-belas sasowarkveTisa. oRond eg iyo,rom anabelam axla ukve icoda, bairon-Tan colqmruli cxovreba SeuZlebeliiyo, man ki, baironma, ver gaiTvaliswina,mxedvelobidan gamorCa erTi arsebiTielementi _ anabelas religiuri simt-kice. ar sjeroda, rom qali SeiZlebagulqva da Seubralebeli aRmoCeniliyo.magram aseTi rogor ar unda yofiliyo,roca RvTaebrivi STagonebis wyalobiT,sakuTari msjelobebis ucodvelobisaswamda _ da ara sakuTari gonebis siZli-eris? mimaCinia, _ swerda anabela misislis, _ rom Cemi movaleobaa ise moviqce,rogorc gadavwyvite~. baironma mTelTavis momxiblelobas, sikekluces, si-tyvasa Tu bavSvurobas misca gza: `CemoZvirfaso pip, ar SegiZliaT es yve-laferi rogorme moagvaroT? am ambisgamo avad gavxdi~. mere, roca dainaxaanabelas qeduxreloba, bairons sZliamisma Smagma xasiaTma da sulelurinabiji gadaadgmevina. qals misganve mow-erili erTi werili gaugzavna, sadac am-bobda: `metismetad bednieri viqnebi _ukan daxeva ar iqneba~. baironma am si-tyvebs xazi gausva, arSiaze ki miawera:àmxdari winaswarmetyveleba. Teberva-li, 1816~; qveviT dantedan amoRebulisami striqoni daumata:

r non tu sai com’e fatta la donna...vviluppa promesse-giuramenti;Che tutta spargon poi per l’aria e venti159.

es axali ambavi londonSi swrafadgavrcelda. uamravma eqimma, advokatmada msaxurma icoda amis Sesaxeb. merewameba daiwyo, cnobismoyvare megobre-bis kiTxvebi, rCevebi. cxadia, es yve-laferi mis gadasarCenad xdeboda.

`Zvirfaso bairono, _ swerda ledimelburni, _ Tqvenze iseT ambebs yvebi-an, romelic mTel londons utyuaradmiaCnia, amitom aucilebeli mgonia Tqvenes icodeT. amboben, rom Tqven da anabe-la daSordiT. Cveulebriv, roca aseTiuazro Worebi dadis, yvelaze ukeTesiayuradReba ar miaqcios kacma. magramsaqme isaa, rom amaze yvelgan lapara-koben da yvelas sjera, miuxedavad CemiwinaaRmdegobisa; amitom ase mgonia, ana-belas dabruneba unda sTxovoT an Tvi-Ton waxvideT masTan~. ledi karolinaidumalad zeimobda da `codvilisrCevebs~ mzrunvelad sTavazobda.

SeSfoTebuli ogasta Zmas urCevda,beds daemorCileo: ase mgonia, _ ambob-da ogasta, _ Tu fuladi mxare maTTvismisaRebi iqneba, mas /bairons/ gauxarde-ba kidec, Tu sazogadoebriv skandalsTavs aaridebs. mas es ambavi Zalian Sea-wuxebs, Zvirfaso mister hojson, ar Sei-Zleba, ar Seawuxos~. baironi cdilobdamegobrebi daemSvidebina: `vfiqrob daCems movaleobad mimaCnia amaze axla, ammware istoriis ganviTarebis Jams vila-parako, rom amqveynad ar arsebobs sxvaarseba, ufro srulyofili, ufro go-nieri, ufro keTilmosurne, alersianida sayvareli, vidre ledi baironia. vi-dre erTad vcxovrobdiT, umciresimizezic ara mqonia rameze mesayvedura~.baironi irwmuneboda, rom mTeli am sia-vis mizezi misi avadmyofuri mdgomare-oba iyo, romelmac ukiduresad gaRiz-ianebul adamianad aqcia, ZiriTadad ki,ledi baironis dedas, ledi noelsabralebda, vZulvaro.

roca naTeli gaxda, rom verc bairon-ma da verc misma megobrebma anabelasmotexva ver SeZles, scenaze mxolodrwmunebulebiRa darCnen. baironis in-teresebs hansoni icavda. is amtkicebda,misi klienti aRiarebs, rom pikadili-terasSi cudad iqceoda, magram miaCnda,rom es ukve apaties werilSi: èarestuck...~. misi mowinaaRmdege, doqtorilesingtoni, erTi pasuxiT Semoifarg-la, rom ledi baironisgan metad serio-

159. ètyoba, ar ici, rogori aris qali...aRTqmasa da ficSi guluxvia; magram qariserTi daqrola da wams ifanteba is yovelive~.

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zuli faqtebi icoda, ris gamoc Serige-ba SeuZlebeliao. hansonma hkiTxa, esbraldebebi raSi mdgomareobso. upasux-es, maT mxolod im SemTxvevaSi gamoaqvey-neben, Tu saqme sasamarTlos gadaecemao.lesingtons, marTlac hqonda anabelasSedgenili memorandumi, sadac meTodu-rad, paragrafebiT, danomvriT, am mis-Tvis yvelaze didi tragediis drosac ki`paralelogramebis princesad~ rCebo-da, gadmocemuli iyo Tavisi gadaw-yvetilebis saidumlo mizezebi.

erTguli da aradiplomati hobhauziledi baironze saSinlad iyo aRSfoTe-buli. man kargad icoda Tavisi megobriseqscentruli Cvevebi da imasac xvdebo-da, es primitiulad TavSeukavebeli ar-seba ra mdgomareobaSi SeeZlo Caegdocolqmruli cxovrebis mowyenilobas,amitom am uTanxmoebis namdvili mizeze-bi naTeli iyo. cxadia, baironi, rogorcxSirad emarTeboda xolme, uxeSi iyo,Tavqeifa da gaRizianebuli. ledibaironma sakuTari Tavi siZulvilisobieqtad warmoidgina, Tavic dairwmu-na am saxifaTo azris simarTleSi. `radanaSauli aqvs bairons? _ mkacradswerda hobhauzi, _ gvian dgeboda, mar-to sadilobda da didxans iyo cud xasi-aTze?~ roca sisxlis aRrevaze Worma misyuramde miaRwia, gavrcelebuli xmebisgabaTilebis mizniT sabuTic Seadgina daledi bairons sTxova xeli moawereo:

hobhauzis teqsti /7 marti 1816 w./:`ledi baironi oficialurad acxadebs,erTaderTi mizezi an sababi, ramaclord baironTan ganqorwineba aiZula,is aris, rom darwmunebulia, maTiSemdgomi colqmruli cxovreba, Sexed-ulebebisa da Cvevebis SeuTavseblobisgamo, sulier bednierebas ver moutanT...is oficialurad da kategoriuladuaryofs Tavis mxriv da Tavisi ojaxismxridanac, rom aranairi kavSiri ar aqvsim skandalebTan da WorebTan, romlebicvrceldeba...~.

ledi baironma xelmoweraze uariTqva. maSin baironis megobrebma sxva te-qsti Seadgines. mas ukve aRar sTxovdnendaedasturebina, rom gavrcelebulixmebis ar sjeroda. man mxolod is daa-dastura, rom es Worebi misgan ar modio-da.

`9 marti 1816 w. _ ledi baironi acxa-debs, rom araviTar SemTxvevaSi pasux-

ismgeblobas ar iRebs im moaruli Seu-racxmyofeli xmebis Sesaxeb, romeliclordi baironis qcevebze da xasiaTebzevrceldeba sazogadoebaSi. es xmebi, dan-amdvilebiT, misgan ar modis da arc vr-celdeba misi da misi axloblebisgan.orive braldeba, romlebsac misteruilmoti moixseniebs, im pretenziebSiar Sedis, romlebsac, Tu ganqorwinebamegobruli SeTanxmebiT ar damTavrde-ba, aucileblad warudgens lordbairons~.

es ufro naklebdamakmayofilebeliiyo, vidre hobhauzis dokumenti, magrammeti ra unda eqnaT, amiT unda dakmay-ofilebuliyvnen. rCeboda mxolod fu-lis sakiTxebi. samwuxarod, metismetadmniSvnelovani iyo igi baironisTvis,romelic im dros ugroSod ijda. iseuWirda, marisgan Cekic ki miiRo. bolosveqilebi SeTanxmdnen. aTasi frankidan,romelic ledi baironis mziTvi iyo,qalma xuTasi miiRo, meore naxevaribairons darCa. ledi noelis sikvdilisSemdeg, sasamarTlos, col-qmars Soris,biZia uentvorTis memkvidreobis Semo-savlebic unda gaeyo. maS ase, baironma,garda Tavisi piradi Semosavlebisa,kidev xuTasi funti miiRo da didi im-edebi.

pikadili-terasis saxlSi iseTi mow-yeniloba iyo, TiTqos viRaca momkv-darao. darbazebSi sasamarTlo aRmas-ruleblebi ireodnen da gayidvis win,wignebs erT adgilze agrovebdnen. 6aprils auqcioni Sedga. marim wignebisdidi nawili iyida da Tejirebic, romle-bzec bairons jeksonis, anJelosa dakrivis cnobili Sejibrebebis suraTebigaekra. baironis oTaxSi yvelgan wamlisSuSubi elaga, RviZlis tkivilisTvisrom dauniSnes. aqa-iq daviwyebuliwvrilmani anabelas axsenebda. am sevdi-an atmosferoSi baironi TandaTan, nel-nela damSvidda. nestian, burusian kli-matSi aRzrdili zogierTi adamianiviTjanmrTelad mxolod burusSi da wvima-Si rom grZnobs Tavs, esec ver itandabednierebis mzes. anabela gaqra. gaqra,rogorc edelstoni, metiuzi, margaretparkeri, rogorc misi m.e.C., rogorcucnauri misis baironi, _ anabelac gasx-lta misi cxovrebidan. man ukve SeiZinais idumali xibli, rogorsac

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baironisTvis warsulisa da sikvdilisaCrdilebi Rebulobdnen. marto iyo amdid saxlSi, saRamoobiT aqeT-iqiT awy-deboda, samuSao magidas miujdeboda dasasiamovno saaTebs ixsenebda, ixsenebdafiqrebisgan metismetad damZimebul imTavs, romelic mosvenebas mis mxrebzeeZebda xSirad; ixsenebda im patara gog-onas, romelsac, roca mis gverdiT iyo,`wamebis iaraRi~ uwoda. axla ki, rocaaRar hyavda, ase Zvirfasi gaxda misTvis.furcels iRebda da werda, nawers crem-liT asvelebda, isev Zal-Ronis dauZaba-vad poulobda cocxal da ubralo riT-mebs, romlebic masSi mwvave tkivilsiwvevda:

`gemSvidobebi, morCa yoveli,aw mZvinvarebiT guli aRivso,guli, maradJams avis mgmobeli,Sen ar gagwiravs samaradisod.

rom SeZleboda emxila sevdaam mkerds, romelzec geZina SvebiT,romelSic guli usityvod Zgerda,romelsac suli aTrobda Seni.

rom SeZleboda TviTon eambnaam mkerds dafarul gancdaTa zRvaze,axla ra giTxra _ aris gvianRa,ar damwixlavdi, mwams, maSin ase.

dRes Sens saqciels ar gmobs aravin _moSurneT cbier Rimils endobi,zeimi igi ars Semzaravi,Tu gaixareb sxvis ubedobiT.

damZimda guli codvebiT savse,da Tumc amqveynad bevri viare,veRarsad vpove mag mklavTa msgavsi,rom miSuSebda xvevniT iarebs.

Tavs nu ityueb, me damijere,sxvisas nu ismen xotbas Tu qebas _Cven xom jer gulic ki ver vijereT,JamTa svliT grZnobis cecxli

Tu qreba.

Tumc Sens guls faravs RvTiuri Zala,

Cemic scems jerac _magram gaxsovdes,

mas erTi fiqri awvalebs marad,rom ver SevxvdebiT veRarasodes.

da es sityvebi ise iRvreba,rogorc cxedarTan cremli da

glova,orive vcocxlobT _

Tumca qvrivebadviRviZebT, roca aisi mova.

da ganugeSebs eulad mavals,rom Cveni pirmSo daiwyebs titins,nuTu aswavli, warmoTqvas `mama~da Tan gauZlos oblobis tkivils!

ros xels CasWideb mis pawia xels,bageze igrZnob mis wminda ambors,gjerodes, isev gadareb qalRmerTs,mxurvale locvas me SenTvis vambob!

gaivlis dro da arcTu mTlad gviandamemgvaneba asuli, vici,guli dagiwyebs fancqals da

frTxials _da es ki niSnavs, rom ar xar sxvisi.

Secdoma, ici, bevri momsvlia _siSmagis daTvla ar ZaluZs arvis;Cemi imedi, rogorc Tolia,dasdevnebia Crdils Seni anZis.

mtrad, ici, myavda rCeulTa dasi,da Sen erTs gTvlidi

erTgul samyarod _bolomde masvi xom simwris Tasi,rom sabolood sulsac gamyaro.

morCa, damTavrda yoveli ukve,sityvebs gaukrTaT uxvi ferebi;mxolod fiqrebi ver davioke,maT moZalebas veRar verevi.

iyav mSvidobiT, gaxsovdes oRond,simware marad Cemi xvedria,mtoveb gaTelils da suliT obols,razec sikvdili odnav metia~.160

zogjer RvarZli uCndeboda. gan-sakuTrebiT misis klermonti sZulda,romelzec arcTu usafuZvlod eWvobda,rom is aqezebda ledi bairons, miatoveqmario. masze RvarZliani satirac daw-era.

saSineli satira iyo; moxuc

160. Targmna inesa merabiSvilma. leqsissaTauria `gemSvidobebi~.

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aRmzrdels gorgonas161 adarebda; saSin-lad aRwera misi pergamentiseburi saxe,gaqvavebuli Tvalebi, xolo yviTelisisxli mis kanqveS gayinul WuWyad aqcia.gadaaWarba? cxadia, magram mas sakuTariTavis damorCileba aRar SeeZlo. amWorebis gamo Tavs CixSi momwyvdeulicxoveliviT grZnobda. politikuriwreebi, korsaris~ gamoCenisTanave Tavsrom daesxnen, isev gamZvinvardnen da xmaaimaRles. gaufrTxilebeli iyoyovelTvis, da axlac leqsebi gamoaqvey-na /viTom frangulidan Targmnili/, sa-dac napoleoni `Tavisuflebis Svilad~iyo aRiarebuli, xolo odaSi sapatiolegionis varskvlavze werda: `mamacTavarskvlavi, romlis sxivebic suliadaRupul gmirTa~. samferovani droSaSedarebuli iyo ìm cisartyelasTan,romlis RvTaebrivi ferebi Tavisu-flebis ferebad iyo arCeuli~. Jurnali`Cempioni~, romelic lord baironisleqsebs beWdavda, iuwyeboda: vbeWdavTimitom, rom vaCvenoT Tu ra zneobriviTvisebebi axlavs keTilSobili lordispolitikur mrwamss...~. am kampanias mo-saxleobis TvalSi inglisis mtrad gamo-hyavda. misi umanko coli, ase mokrZale-buli da TavSekavebuli~ mTeli britane-Tis saTnoebis simbolod iyo gamoyvani-li. TiTqos yvelas uxarodao, is romdamnaSave aRmoCnda. es poeti, uzneo,liberali, xeibari, WeSmariti inglise-li arasodes yofila. `meamboxis rolsTamaSobs da ojaxis yvela wesebiswinaaRmdeg amxedrda. manamde, vidre misiqceva literaturuli afeqtis CarCoeb-Si rCeboda, mxolod yvelaze mkacri ad-amianebi iyvnen aRSfoTebulni. magram,roca skandali fantaziis zRvars gasc-da, pikadili-terasis nomer 13 saxlSi,saqmem sxva mimarTuleba miiRo~ _ da sa-Sualo klasis azric baironis winaaRm-

deg ganewyo.roca lordTa palataSi Sedioda,

zurgs ukan Seuracxmyofel sityvebs ay-olebdnen; sxdomebze masTan aravinlaparakobda, garda lord holandisa.`torebis~ gazeTi mas nerons, henri VIII-s adarebda da TviT eSmaksac ki. rojer-si, misi sadisti moZme, Tavis movaleobadmiiCnevda Seetyobinebina yvela salan-ZRavi statiis gamoqveyneba. darwmuneb-uli var, _ eubneboda, roca gazeTiTxelSi baironis oTaxSi Sedioda, _ ama-Sic aris Tqvens winaaRmdeg Seteva, numiaqcevT yuradRebas~. gaSlida gazeTsda xmamaRla kiTxulobda, drodadrobairons gadaxedavda, ainteresebda, ragavlenas axdenda masze es statia. erTiwerili ase mTavrdeboda: `rac SeexebaerT poetukas, am usiamovnoze usiamovnosubieqts, mister samuel rojerss...~.rojersi wamoxta, gazeTi gadaagdo daTqva: ès is mamaZaRli krokeri undaiyos~. da bairons urCia, duelSi gamoi-wvieo.

liberalurma salonebma baironisdacva ver gabedes. misi piradi cxovre-ba _ es iyo misi kastisa da misi droiscxovreba, magram miutevebeli SecdomadauSva da amisgan Tavisi dideba Seqmna.ledi melburni odesRac afrTxilebdamisi cinizmis Taobaze, axla ledis misigadarCena ukve aRar SeeZlo. ledijersei, mamaci megobari, ecada dinebissawinaaRmdegod svlas, mejlisi moawyoda baironi da ogasta miiwvia. magram da-Zma gamoCnda Tu ara, sastumro oTaximaSinve dacarielda. sabralo ledijersei! verc misi saxis unazesi feri,verc marjnis yelsabami, verc misi Tval-Ta ciali, verc gonebamaxviloba, vercmisi mSvenieri xelebi ver daexmara imdRes siZulvilze gamarjvebaSi. imisgarda, kidev erTi qali moiZebna, vincbaironTan da ogastasTan dalaparakebagabeda, _ es iyo wiTelTmiani, lamazielfinstoni. mamakacebi Seubralebladuyurebdnen, zogierTi iqaurobas gaer-ida baironisTvis xeli rom ar CamoerT-mia. baironi kuTxeSi midga, gulxelidaikrifa da zizRiT gahyurebda misdamimtrulad ganwyobil brbos, arc erTimaTganis moZraoba ar gamoparvia. am sa-Ramodan ufro mtkiced igrZno Tavi.ùcnauria, magram mRelvareba, rogoricunda iyos igi, mudam mamacobas mmatebs,

161. gorgona _ berZnul miTologiaSifrTosani qal-urCxuli /sami iyo/, aqedanmxolod erTi _ meduza _ iyo mokvdavi. masTavze Tmis magivrad gvelebi exvia. misiSexedva yvela suldgmuls aqvavebda. miTebiimasac iuwyebian, rom meduzas moWriliTavidan dadenili sisxlis wveTebi gvelebadiqcnen; am gvelebs ki saharis udabno Seuqm-niaT afrikaSi. gviandel miTSi igi ulamaze-si qalia da zRvis mefe poseidonis sayvare-li.

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myarad mayenebs fexze, Tumca cota xniT,magram, mainc~. misi ubedurebis gran-diozuloba imas aZlevda, rac sWirdebo-da: SesaZleblobas, eTamaSa didi roli,Tundac satanuri. mTeli sazogadoebi-sgan iyo gariyuli _ amaSi iyo raRacTaviseburi xibli. Tavisi SinaganisamoTxidan gaZevebuli, Tavisi qvey-nidanac gandevnilad miiCnevda Tavs,rac ufro mtruli da uxeSi iyo, vidrexmis micema palataSi. dae, ase iyos. Tuingliss ar surs, rom igi qveyanaSi darC-es, maSin isev mogzaurobas wamoiwyebs.

yvela cocxali arsebidan, romelT-anac igi am gaZevebas unda ganeSorebina,mxolod ogastas datoveba enaneboda.aRdgomis kviras, 14 aprils, masTan ga-mosamSvidobeblad mivida. ogastas mSo-biarobis dro moaxloveboda da isicsofelSi apirebda wasvlas. naRvlianisaRamo gaatares, Sexvedris bolosbaironi pirvelad alaparakda Tavisisindisis qenjnaze da atirda. misis lisiqs-mail-botomSi gaemgzavra Tu ara,baironma anabelas miswera da Tavis dazemzrunveloba mas miando:

`kidev ramdenime bolo sityva... bev-ri ar aris, magram iseTia, yuradRebasmiaqcevT. pasuxs ar veli, amas mniS-vneloba ar aqvs, yovel SemTxvevaSi,Tqven gamigebT. ogastasgan movdivar,ukanaskneli arsebaa, romlis mitovebacmaiZuleT... saiTac unda wavide _ me kiSors mivdivar _ Cven erTmaneTs aRarSevxvdebiT, arc amqveyanad da arc im-qveyanad... Tu rame momiva, nu daiviwyebTogastas, Tu isic gaqreba _ maSin misiSvilebi...~.

gamgzavrebis wina kvira axali Tavga-dasavlebiT iyo savse, rasac, cxadia, qa-lis advilad xelmisawvdomobisadmi misizizRi ar gaunelebia. erTi xania, viRacucnobi ar asvenebda da sasiyvarulowerilebiT utevda. dasawyisSi werile-bi gamogonili gvariT modioda. bairo-nis msaxurebma orjer uari uTxres vi-Rac ucnob qals miRebaze. mere ucnobmanamdvili gvariTa da saxeliT moswerawerili _ kler klermonti. rekomenda-cias sTxovda drurileinis TeatrSi.baironma jer kiniards gaugzavna igi.qali ufro gabeduli gaxda: gindaT dam-arwmunoT, rom mxolod iluzia maiZu-lebs veloliao Tqveni siyvarulis azrs.magram, gana is SeiZleba iluzia iyos,

roca ukve erTi welia, yoveli wamiTqvenze fiqriT aris dakavebuli, rocamarto vrCebi... imedi ara maqvs, rom Semi-yvarebT; Rirsi ara var Tqveni siyvaru-lis... aseTi gegma rom SemogTvazoTwinaaRmdegi xom ar iqnebiT? xuTSabaTs,safosto diliJansiT, londonidan aT-Tormet milze wavalT. iq TavisufladviqnebiT; Tqvenze aravis araferi ecod-ineba; meore diliT adrianad davbrun-debiT...~. ramdenime dRis Semdeg: `sadSevxvdeT? rogor da rodis? orSabaTsitaliaSi midixarT. me ki _ ufalmaicodes, saiT... Zalian gTxovT, alersi-anad mipasuxeT, sarkastuli gadaxveve-bis gareSe. Tu garToba gindaT, SemiZliadagexmaroT, moiqeciT ise, rogorcgeneboT. yvelaferze Tanaxma var;winaaRmdegobas araferSi gagiwevT~.baironi mowyenili iyo. gogona ki axal-gazrda; xmac lamazi hqonda. bairons ax-ali SegrZnebebi~ sWirdeboda, Tavdavi-wyebas rom miscemoda. da masTan Ramisgatarebas daTanxmda.

es dasasruli iyo. bargi gamzadebu-li hqonda. mgzavrobisTvis didebulietli SeiZina, imperatoris etlis asli.masTan erTad miemgzavreboda mo-filosofoso fletCeri da Wabuki medi-ki polidori, edinburgSi rom swavlob-da medicinas. polidors sakuTari Tavimwerlad miaCnda. mari xuTas funtsSepirda mogzaurobis dRiurSi, daamanac maSinve iyida sqeli rveuli. bolodReebSi polidori sul pikadili-terasze iyo atuzuli. iq iyo naTanic,ebraeli musikosi, baironma rom Tavisi`ebrauli melodiebi~ aCuqa. zogjer lihantic Seivlida xolme, hobhauzi kiyoveldRe dadioda. kiniardma namcxvarida ori boTli Sampanuri moutana wasaRe-bad. mere hansonic gamoCnda, ledibaironi vnaxeo, uTxra; ise gamoiyureba,TiTqos aq yvelaferi damsxvreuli~ aqv-so, da gulze aCvena. polidori, xmauri-ani da gulubryvilo, yvela momsvlel-is saubarSi ereoda, yveboda dRiurze,romelic unda daewera, da kidev im samtragediaze, romlebic ukve dawera. hob-hauzs, am Tavidan fexamde inglisels, esucxoeli eqimi ar moswonda. poli-doliSearqva da bairons eubneboda, Tanamgza-vrad rom migyavs inanebo. saubrebi, viz-itebi, saCuqrebi odnav alamazebda ambolo dReebs da naRvels odnav uqarveb-

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da. gamgzavrebis winadRes baironmanebayoflobiT gayris aqts moaweraxeli, arSiaze ki oTxxaziani leqsi miaw-era:

`jer kidev erTi wlis win, ZvirfasomeuRlev Cemo, siyvarulze meCurCule-bodi. o, ra tkbili iyo es fici; da ai,axla gairkva ra fasic hqonia mas~.

naTanma icoda bairons rogor uyvar-da biskvitebi, da gaugzavna _ saaRdgo-mo orcxobilaao SeuTvala, _ maSinebraelTa aRdgoma iwyeboda. 24 aprils,diliT adre, gaZevebulma saxli datova,erTi wlis win fiqrobda aq epova Tavisimoxetiale cxovrebis navsayudeli. qu-CaSi doylapiaTa xrova mis saimpera-toro etls gars exveoda. baironi skripdevisTan erTad etlSi Cajda, polidorida hobhauzi meore etliT gahyvnen. sa-frangeTis mTavrobam, saSiSi poli-tikuri Sexedulebebis gamo, vizaze uariuTxra, amitom SveicariaSi rom mox-vedriliyo duvris, ostandisa da belgi-is gavla mouwevdaT. gamovidnen Tu aralondonidan, polidorma maSinve weradaiwyo: temza Tavisi didebuli talRe-biT qveviT mieqaneba, Tan miaqvs uamravigemi...~. hobhauzma amoioxra da etliskuTxeSi miikunWa.

fletCerma, romelic pikadilidanTavis patronze gvian gamovida da duvr-Si daewia, ambavi Camoutana: sasamarTloaRmasruleblebi saxlSi SeiWrnen da racxelSi moxvdaT, yvelaferi daitaces, xe-lze miCveuli ciyvis CaTvliTo. gemi me-ore dRis diliT gadioda da baironsdro rom gaeyvana, TanamgzavrebsSesTavaza CerCilis saflavi vnaxoTo.

Carlz CerCili ormocdaaTi wlis wincnobili satirikosi iyo, da baironiviTerT sezonze, mcire xniT, kometasaviTgaielva; masac Tavisi `saucxoo weli~hqonda. moxucma mesaflavem aCvenaT misisaflavi _ patara, mitovebuli, balax-moreuli borcvi, nacrisferi qva romedo. gamohkiTxes, _ araferi vici adami-anze, romelic aq marxia: `Cemamde dama-rxes, misTvis samare me ar gamoTxria~-o.mesaflavis am hamletiseburma naTqvam-ma baironi aRafrTovana da misTvis say-varel fiqrebSi _ didebaze da warmav-lobaze _ CaiZira. megobrebisa da gao-cebuli moxucis Tvalwin abalaxebulsaflavze mokalaTda.

inglisSi gatarebuli bolo saRamo

polidoris tragediis mosmenas mieZRv-na. hobhauzi da devisi mTeli guliTxarxarebdnen. polidori nawyeni Canda.baironma seriozulad da keTilmo-surned gadaikiTxa ase Tu ise warmate-buli adgilebi.

duvrSi cnobismoyvareoba metis-metad didi iyo. bevrma qalbatonma msax-uri gogos tansacmeli gadaicva, Sesa-Zlebloba rom hqonodaT, SeumCnevladSeparuliyvnen sastumros derefnebSi.meore dRes, 25 aprils, hobhauzi Zalianadre adga, baironi jer ar Canda. is TavisoTaxSi Caketiliyo da tomas murs gamo-saTxovar leqss uwerda: `ager, gemizRvis mdumarebaSi, da navic napirTanmelodeba, Zvirfaso mur; ai, aqedan, sa-dRegrZelos vsvam, visac vuyvarvar,maTsas; da mtris jinaze gaviRimeb. dae,damRupos bedisweram, xels ar SevuSli~.

magram aq unda SeCerebuliyo, radgangemis gacofebuli kapitani ukve yviro-da, aRar movicdio. aRuSfoTveli skropdevisic ki aRelda. bolos, sanapirozehobhauzis mklavze Camokonwialebuli,xtunva-xtunviT momavali baironicgamoCnda; deviss mis elfinstonisTvisgadasacemi paketi gauwoda; vergiliusiiyo, odesRac harous skolaSi rom miiRojildod, da daumata: `uTxariT, bed-niereba rom mqonoda da iseT qalzedavqorwinebuliyavi, rogoric is aris,axla samSoblos datoveba aRar momiwev-da~. xmaurma da aliaqoTma erTxans misiyuradReba miiqcia, magram gembanze asv-lisas, ubeduri saxe hqonda. cota gvian,cxra saaTze, gemze asasvleli aswies.hobhauzma xis jebiris bolomde irbina.gemma jebirs rom Cauara, hobhauzma say-vareli biWi~ dainaxa: is gembanze idga.baironma kasketi162 moixada da megobarsgamosamSvidobeblad dauqnia. `RmerTmadaifaros, _ gaifiqra hobhauzma, _ esvaJkacuri goneba da keTili guli~.

162. safrangeTSi samxedro formis qudi.

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nawili mesame

XXVI

sisxlisgan daclili gulismogzauroba

da ai, isev, talRebze var amxedrebuli!

isev TamaSobs Cems qveS zvirTebi, rogorc merani, patronis mcnobi...

gaZevebis mwuxarebam axali Caild ha-roldi Sva. aseTi dartyma, aseTi sircx-vili, aseTi siZulvilis mZlavroba,ogastas gankicxva, mTeli inglisismtruli ganwyobileba, _ am dramaze me-tismetad bevrs fiqrobda; imdeni if-iqra, vidre misi tvini erT mTlian`sigiJisa da cecxlis qariSxlad~ ariqca. sadme myudro TavSesafarSi sw-yuroda damalva, oRond sulebiT dasax-lebul ganmartoebul adgilze, romSemoqmedebiT muSaobaSi CaZiruliyo,`ecxovra da Tan namdvili cxovreba Se-eqmna~. vin iyo jorj gordon baironi1816 wlis im aprils? _ aravin. mgrZno-biare da avi, naRvliani da mxiaruli,windaxeduli, rogorc volteri, daqariviT SeSlili...

`vin var? _ aravin. magram aRarc Senaxar iseTi, farulo fiqrebo Cemo...~.

isev baironad rom qceuliyo, saWiroiyo kvlav haroldad gardaqmniliyo:mogzaurobis Tema daiwyebs mesame simR-eras.

im dros, roca poeturi naRaris siR-rmeSi Savi azrebi Relavda, uxilavi muSarom zelda, urevda da misTvis formebseZebda, qedmaRali da mxiaruli inglise-li jentlmeni eqim poli_dolisTanmogzaurobis mxiaruli Tavgadasav-lebiT erToboda. es axali baironic,mogzaurobis pirvelsave etapze /os-tendSi/, rogorc odesRac valensiaSimamamisi, sastumroebis moaxle gogoeb-is gulis murazad iqca. maris xuTasifuntiT moxiblulma polidorma bel-giaSive daiwyo Tavisi dRiurebis wera:`antverpeni. _ kafeSi wavediT; vnaxeT,yvela rogor TamaSobda dominos da 28aprilis Taimss~ kiTxulobda... van dei-ki, Cemi azriT, rubenss sjobia. _ bri-useli _ erTaderTi lamazi qalebi bri-uselSi ingliselebi arian. qandakebebze

uxamsobaa gamofenili; Sadrevnebze amo-qandakebuli adamianTa statuetebiguls ireven da wylis nakadebs anTxeven;ufro uaresic...~. baironma, romelsacmudam aRelvebda warsulis Rrmagancdebi, arafris xilva ar isurva, gar-da vaterloosi. iq daimsxvra misi patarasamsxverplo. brZolis win, briuselSizogierT mis megobars eZina, axal-gazrdebsa da mxiarulebs, meore dRes kisikvdili elodaT; aq, uwyinari ledifrensisi, mosalodneli sisxlis Rvrisdros, uelingtons Tvalebs uJuJunebda.`zeimis xmauri SeiWra RameSi. mere ki _qvemexma...~.

vaterlooSi wasasvlelad etliiqiraves da qviSnars gauyvnen, mere`SeCvenebulma borbalma, rogorc jerars, trialze sabolood uari Tqva~. eqi-mis xelze dayrdnobil bairons koWlo-biT unda daevlo brZolis veli; eqimiZvlebs eZebda; fermerma bairons kaza-kuri cxeni mihyida; axla cxenze amxe-drebulma gaagrZela daTvaliereba;yvavilebic amozrdiliyo ukve, mind-oric moexnaT. `yovel nabijze kerpi dagulisgamawyalebeli bavSvebi rom aridgnen, jariskacur Rilebs rom gTava-zoben, brZolis veranair niSans ver Seam-CnevdiT~. hugumontis samlocvelozebaironma da polidorma TavianTi sax-elebi amoWres. baironma TanamgzavrsbrZola aRuwera da frangebi Seaqo. mereganze gavida, fiqrebSi CaiZira. ai, am ba-nalur garemoSi, erT dRes, erTi umSve-nieresi adamianuri bediswera Caesvena.aqedan, etyoba, moqmedebac iseve amaoa,rogorc dideba. “daipyrob Tu dakargavam samyaros _ sulerTia, igi araferiRirs~. erTaderTi sibrZne ganmartoe-baa, mdumareba, siZulvilia. metismetadmxurvale guls dasveneba jojoxeTadeCveneba~ _ da ai, bonaparti kontinentsipyrobs, baironi Caild harolds~ wers,da adamianebi ise Relaven, aqe_iqiT aw-ydebian im sicxiani avadmyofiviT, si-griles rom eZebs, da es sigrile ara-sodes modis, radgan sicxe TviT masSia...saRamos brZolis veli datoves; poli-dori dumda, cxenze amxedrebuli bairo-ni mTeli xmiT mReroda Turqi mxedrissimReras.

maTTvis safrangeTis sazRvris karidaketilia; maasisa da reinis xeobebiTSveicariaSi gadavidnen. baironis

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saimperatoro etli Raribebis yura-dRebas iqcevda. `mowyaleba gaiReT, ba-tono batalionis meTauro~. `erTi sugviboZeT, hanoveris mefev!~ es titule-bi bairons arTobda da sixaruliTaRavsebda misi eqimis guls. “misi Tanas-wori var. yvelgan erTnairi pativiTgvegebebian...”.

` _ bolos da bolos, _ uTxra erTx-el bairons, _ iseTi ra unda gaakeToT,ris gakeTebasac me ver SevZleb?~

_ gindaT, giTxraT? _ upasuxabaironma, _ vfiqrob, sami ram aris, risigakeTebac me SemiZlia, Tqven ki _ ara.

undo polidorma sTxova, damisaxe-leo.

_ me SemiZlia, _ gaagrZela bairon-ma, _ gadavcuro, age, is mdinare; Semi-Zlia, oci nabijidan pistoletis erTigasroliT sanTeli Cavaqro; da kidevpoema davwere, romelic erT dReSiTormeti aTasi cali gaiyida”.

rac Seexeba erudit fletCers, aseeZaxda hobhauzi, aRtacebuli darCa,rom reinis xeoba albaneTis zogierTxeobas agonebda, magram sakvebi aq uke-Tesi iyo. is suqdeboda.

mogzaurebi yvelgan imperatoris na-kvalevs xvdebodnen. `es Zegli vin dad-ga; vin gaiyvana es gza; vin gaTxara esarxi?~ _ kiTxulobdnen isini. `napo-leonma~, _ pasuxobdnen glexebi. bairo-ni didi moyvaruli iyo damTxvevebis,aRtacebas ver malavda, roca nagebobe-bze xedavda asoebs: n. b. _ noel bairo-ni.

cixe_darbazebiT TavdamSvenebulifrialo kldeebi, venaxebiT damZimebuliferdobebi... es Tvalgasaxari reinulipeizaJebi ogastas agonebda. baironismiTiur samyaroSi ogasta erTgulebaiyo ubedurebaSi. qals mxurvale sina-ziT swerda werilebs, uZRvnida leqsebs,romelSic eubneboda, SenTan erTad, amadgilebSi minda cxovreba da es cxovre-ba umSvenieresi iqneba am qveyanazeo:`ros Tvalni Senni gaanaTeben umSve-nieres napirebs reinisasa...~.

am leqsebs yvavilebTan erTad ugza-vnida, yvavilebs misTvis axmobda. magramogasta Sors iyo imisgan, razec baironifiqrobda.

brZolis veli gadaiares da morSi Cav-idnen, sadac Sarl burgundieli daama-rcxes Sveicarielebma. daxocilTa Zv-

lebi jer kidev miwidan amoSverilebiCanda. baironma, didebis fiqrianma me-saflavem, marisTvis ramdenime Zvaliiyida. bolos, 1816 wlis 25 maiss, Jenev-is tbis napirebs miaRwies da seSeronSi,deJeanis sastumroSi daides bina.qaRaldze, romelic mogzaurebs undaSeevsoT, baironma grafaSi Cawera: asaki_ asi wlis.

amave sastumroSi, ramdenime dRiTadre, erTi axalgazrda qali gaCerda. is,inglisSi, baironis bolo sayvareli iyo.es qali gaxldaT kler klermonti. mas-Tan erTad iyo dedamisis meore qmrisSvili meri godvini, da kidev erTi axal-gazrda kaci, misi `dis~ satrfo _ persibiSi Seli. bairons Seli arasodes enaxa,magram misi poema `dedofali mebi~ wak-iTxuli hqonda da Zalianac moewona.klerma mamakacebi erTmaneTs gaacno.

polidoris dRiuri: `gavicani persiSeli, `dedofal mebis~ avtori; TavdaW-erili, morcxvi, sustfiltvebiani axal-gazrda kacia, ocdaerTi wlisa, col-gayrilia, inaxavs godvinis or qaliS-vils, romlebic cxovrebaSi mis Teorie-bs atareben. erTi maTgani lord bairo-nis sayvarelia~.

Seli da baironi Zalian male damego-brdnen. erTsac da meoresac sakuTariSexedulebebi hqonda, orive liberalurmrwamss mihyveboda da vaterloosazizRari reaqciuli epoqis dasawyisadmiaCndaT; bevr rameSi erTnairi gemovne-bac aRmoaCndaT, da es, iqneb ufro, vidresxva rame, adamianebs metadac akav-SirebT. orives wyalTan axlos uyvardacxovreba. Selis ukve daeqiravebina navi.yovel saRamo polidori, ori poeti daaxalgazrda qalebi tbaze niCbebs usvam-dnen. gatanjuli da ubeduri baironitbis simSvidiT tkbeboda, sadac umSve-nieresi mTebi da nacrisfer bindbundSigamoCenili pirveli varskvlavebi irek-leboda. erT saRamos tbaze Zlieri Rel-va atyda, is gamococxlda, albanur sim-Reras gimRerebT, _ Tqva man, _ santi-mentalurad ganewyeT da mTeli TqveniyuradReba SemomwireT~. veluri xorx-ismieri yvirili amouSva. imedgacrue-bul qalebs, aRmosavluri melodiis gag-onebas rom elodnen, dacinviT auxsna,albaneli mTielebis zusti mibaZvaao es.imave saRamos qalebma mas albe Searqvesda es zedmeti saxeli SerCa kidec am pa-

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tara wreSi. ufro xSirad ki navSi Cumadijda, tbisken iyo gadaxrili da wyalsuyurebda. uyvarda es gasaocari simS-vide, sadac... `smenas odnav Tu swvdebaxofis WriWini da niCbis mosmis sur-vilic aRar giCndeba; an WriWina Se-mogvWriWinebs da... saRamo mSvi-dobisa...~.

roca napirs miadgebodnen, Seli,romelic ise swrafad dadioda, Tavadacrom ver amCnevda, orive qalTan erTad,Zalian Sors aRmoCndeboda xolme.baironi Soridan gascqeroda maT,koWlobiT misdevda da leqsis axalstrofebs butbutebda.

ori kviris Semdeg, tbis meore na-pirze, Selim glexuri saxli iqirava,baironma _ ki cota zeviT mSvenierivila diodatisa.163 vila Zveleburi sax-li iyo, gorakis ferdobze mSvenier adg-ilze mdgari, saidanac tbis, venaxebis,Jenevisa da iuris mTebis umSvenieresisanaxaoba iSleboda. es keTilSobilurida imav dros bukolikuri sacxovrebe-li, didi sinioris patara saxli baironsmoewona. male misi cxovreba CveulierTferovnebiT warimarTa: gvianisauzme, SelebTan viziti, tbaze gas-eirneba, xuT saaTze sadili _ Zalzexanmokle, marto amjobinebda sadilo-bas. mere Tu amindi kargi iyo, isev naviTseirnobda. roca wvimda, Selebi modiod-nen vilaSi da xSirad dilamde rCebod-nen. mTeli sicocxle emaxsovreba merisbaironis mediduri da musikaluri xma damgznebare, mkveTri xma Selisa. merisTvaldaxuWuls uyvarda maTi mosmena:erTi rom Cumdeboda, meore iwyebda.

baironi Selis jer qedmaRali undob-lobiT eqceoda. sxvebSi maRali zneobisdanaxva uyvarda; kleri arc uyvarda daarc pativs scemda, mis gamo cota abuCa-dac igdebda Selis. magram niWs afaseb-da da daxvewili Semfasebelic iyo, maleSelis cincxali gamWriaxobiT aRfrTo-vanebuli darCa, ufro metad iyo gam-Wriaxi, vidre metiuzi an hobhauzi. kiTx-vebze, romlebic bairons bavSvobidanveawuxebda, Seli Tavisi gamyivani xmiT,axal da amomwurav pasuxebs iZleoda.

`vin Seqmna es boroti samyaro, _ kiTxu-lobda baironi, _ RmerTma Tu eSmakma?~idealisti da aTeisti Seli pasuxobda,rom RmerTica da eSmakic adamianur gan-zraxvaTa proeqciis arsia mxolodo.boroteba misTvis, rogorcbaironisTvis, adamianuri bunebis auci-lebeli elementi ar iyo. `sisufTaveSiyvela sagani sufTaa~. iupiteri, siZul-vilis Semqmneli, Tavisi arsebobiTdavalebulia im siZulvilis naSTisgan,romelic promeTes gulSi saxlobda.qristianuli eSmaki Tavisi borotebiTim borotebisgan aris davalebuli,romelic sulis gansazRvrul wyobasgaaCnia. boroteba arsebobda, magrambunebaSi ar iyo, xelovnur saZaglobadiyo masSi Cadebuli, `pirobiTad~,romelsac sazogadoebebad gaerTianeb-uli adamianebi qmnian, _ rasac SeiZle-ba SevxvdeT qorwinebaSi, saldaTobaSi,sasamarTloSi, monarqiaSi. Selis Tval-Si erTaderTi bunebrivi realoba sil-amaze iyo, romelic harmoniiT Seicnoba,am tbis umSvenieres saRamoebSi rom iyogabneuli, CitebSi, varskvlavebSi, qal-Ta saxeebSi.

baironi, metafizikas arcTu swy-alobda, naxevrad cdunebuli, naxevraddamcinavad usmenda am panTeistur siy-varulze diskurss. mere, roca misi rigidgeboda, ufro bneliT mocul doqtri-nas ayenebda _ meTodisturs, kalvinis-turs, avgustianurs~. ara, saqme arc iseubralod iyo, rogorc es surda dasjeroda Selis. boroteba arsebobda daes boroteba iyo _ codva. xedavda, sul-Si rogor umwifdeboda konfliqti, ma-gram mis gadasawyvetad gzas ver pou-lobda. bevr qals moutana ubedureba,Tumca, zogierTi uyvarda kidec, sxvebspativs scemda. isic kargad icoda, romadamianebi rTulebic arian da ubedur-nic. metismetad patiosani Seli arc kacsicnobda, vin iyo da arc _ qals.baironze nakleb SorsmWvreteli gaxl-daT, da iqneb nakleb mkacric sakuTariTavisadmi; igi cdunebebs advilad neb-deboda da am cdunebebs maRal zneobasuwodebda. bairons metismetad zustigoneba hqonda da Tavisi Secdomebisdoqtrinebis oqrocurvil burusSi gax-veviT Tavs ar iklavda. man icoda, romadamiani keTili ar iyo. Selis imaSi kieTanxmeboda, rom xalxTa Tavisuflebi-sken unda iswrafvode, magram ar sjero-

163. saxli gamoCenil Teolog Carlz di-odatis STamomavals ekuTvnoda; Carlz di-odati megobari iyo jon miltonisa, romel-sac 1639 wels ucxovria kidec aq.

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da, rom amisTvis mxolod gaurkvevelida didsulovani frazebis warmoTqmasakmarisi iyo. mas gmiruli saqmeebi sur-da, magram garkveuli saqmeebi, _ ai, Tun-dac, romelime garkveuli xalxisTvis,arsebulis, xilulis. sazogadoebisadmimisi siZulvili sulac ar iyo iseTi,rogorzedac Seli laparakobda. SelissZulda samyaro, oRond es samyaro mismierve iyo gamogonili da namdvil sam-yaroze warmodgena ar hqonda. realis-ti baironi sazogadoebisgan garboda, imsazogadoebisgan, romlis dapyrobacodesRac undoda. is ambobda: `me ar miy-vars sazogadoeba da arc sazogadoebasvuyvarvar”. amis gamo wuxda. SelisTviscxovreba ubralo amocana iyo; es iyokeTili Zalebis brZola, romlebic,rogorc TviTon sjeroda, masSive cx-ovrobdnen, _ misTvis ucxo sam-yarosTan erTad. baironi ki bevrbairons icnobda da es misTvis Sinaganikonfliqti iyo. konfliqti baironsa dameri Cavorss Soris, baironsa da ledimelburns Soris, santimentalur adami-ansa da cinikoss Soris, siamayesa da si-nazes Soris, konformistsa da meambox-es Soris _ erTi mxriv, yvelaze didsu-lovan da meore mxriv, yvelaze mkacrarsebebs Soris. udreki bediswera aiZu-lebda is Caedina, razec mere nanobda damisi gonebis qmnileba ar iyo. SeliviT arsjeroda adamianis yovlisSemZleobisa,romelsac samyaros gardaqmna SeuZlia.is grZnobda, rom mis irgvliv RvTae-brivi da satanisturi Zalebi arseboben.baironisTvis Semoqmedi arsebobda, ma-gram Seqmnili boroteba iyo. kaenssafuZveli hqonda, iudevelTa RmerTzedaeCivla, promeTes iupiteri daewyev-la, is ki, jorj gordon baironi, Tavisisabediswero sisxlis umanko msxverpli,meamboxeTa didi rasis warmomadgeneliiyo.

ase enacvleboda erTmaneTs es orixma. baironi Selis maRal Rirsebebs aRi-arebda, magram zogjer Zalian aRiz-ianebda misi realur cxovrebaSiCauxedaoba. Seli merisTan Cioda, bairo-nis azrovneba aristokratiul xasiaTsatarebso. magram iseTi ganuyreli mego-brebi gaxdnen, rom polidori, romelicSelize eWvianobda, Cemi adgili daikavabaironis cxovrebaSio, ocnebobda SeliduelSi gamoewvia.

hobhauzi marTali aRmoCnda, rocabairons urCevda, am poli_dolis nu

waiyvano. patara eqimi autaneli gaxda.egona, ufleba hqonda yvelaze daxvewilkamaTSic ki Careuliyo da, cxadia, yve-lafers afuWebda. Jenevel obi-vatelebTanac ki mouvida Cxubi, merebairons mouwia misi saqmis mogvareba.baironi misdami uCveulo moTminebasiCenda _ Cvil balR eqim poli_dolis~eZaxda. ambobda, Cemi cxovrebis didinawili sakuTari eqimis movla_ferebasvundebio.

daaxloebiT 2 ivniss, Seli da bairo-ni tbaze gavidnen saseirnod; bedmagauRimaT da eqimi poli_doli diodat-Si datoves, radgan fexi gadaityava. amseirnobisas qariSxalma mouswro poet-ebs, Selim curva ar icoda, baironmagaixada da Selis SesTavaza, gadagarCe-no. Selim uari Tqva, navis fskerze daj-da da ganacxada, CaviZirebi da xelsac argavanZrevo.

erTad ewvivnen rusos samSoblos,erTmaneTiT friad kmayofilebi, Tumcacxovrebis ritmi Zalze gansxvavebulihqondaT. Seli mzis amosvlisTanaveSemoivlida xolme mTebis bilikebs,baironi SuadReze dgeboda da siaruliar uyvarda. magram orives moswonda imwignis gadakiTxva, im bunebaSi, sadac ax-ali eloiza~ daiwera. orive erTnairadaaRelva Silionis cixe-darbazma. `ara-sodes minaxavs, _ werda Seli, _ amazesaSineli Zegli im sastiki da araadamia-nuri tiraniisa, raSic erTi adamiani me-oris mimarT siamovnebas poulobs ~. bon-ivaris164 sakanSi, sadac baironma Tavisisaxeli amoWra, dainteresdnen tiraniisam msxverplis ambiT, da baironma erTRameSi dawera `Silionis tyve~, Selim ki`sulieri silamazis himni~ SeTxza. ammogzaurobis dros baironma `Caildharoldsac~ daumata sakmao raodenobisstrofi. zogi rusos uZRvna, zogiklaranss, `naz klaranss, WeSmariti siy-varulis sauflos~, zogic gibonis165

lozanas da volteris ferneis. bairon-

164. fransua bonivari _ Sveicariispolitikuri moRvawe, humanisti /1493-1570/. monawileobda savoiis hercogis karl III-iswinaaRmdeg Jenevis moqalaqeTa brZolaSi,ris gamoc daapatimres /1530/ da SilioniscixeSi Casves. 1536 wels gaaTavisuflesajanyebulma bernelebma.

165. eduard giboni /1737-1794/ _ ing-liseli istorikos-ganmanaTlebeli.

160

ma im akaciis toti motexa, romlis qve-Sac mdgari giboni monblans uyurebda daTavisi wignis bolo winadadeba dawera.Selim ar mibaZa, SeeSinda, meore didisaxelisTvis, ufro maRali saxelisTvis_ rusosTvis Seuracxyofa ar mieyenebi-na.

am mogzaurobis dros Selis gavlenabaironze Zalian gaizarda. Seli vods-vorTs sakiTxavad nawil-nawil awvdida.baironi mudam gaurboda vodsvorTiskiTxvas, magram am garemocvaSi, tbis amdamamSvidebel da morCil siCumeSi, manSeiyvara misi poezia, mis Tvalwin isevmeordeboda panTeisturi poezia, raicSelis religia iyo. am ormagi gavleniT,mis leqsebSi, maSin rom werda, axaliriTmebi gaCnda. leqsSi amaoeba amaoeba-Ta~, romelic baironis mTeli poeziissafuZvelia, ufro nazi notebi Seeria.iqneb, cxovreba mainc ar imsaxurebsmTlianad zizRs. am mSvidi tbis piras, amumSvenieresi mTebis Semyure, TviTCaild haroldma miiRo axali saxe. mar-tooba da buneba _ iqneb, es aris bed-nierebis saidumlo, rasac aqamde Seu-Zleblad miiCnevda: `CemTvis rodivcocxlob, nawili var irgvliv yovelis.mTaTa sidiade xom grZnobaTa nawiliamxolod...~.

forma baironiseburi darCa, kon-turebma gamokveTili mkafiooba Seinar-Cuna, magram azrebi ki vodsvorTma ukar-naxa. am cecxlovanma, mkveTrma xmambaironis gonebaSi Tavisi kvali datova,da zogjer, gansakuTrebiT saRamoobiT,roca ca da dedamiwa miyuCdeboda, rocavarskvlavebis anareklebsa da mTaTauzarmazar Crdilebs xedavda, TiTqosesmoda, mis irgvliv rogor irxeodnenkeTilmosurne, idumali Zalebi. Tumcaes SegrZneba wuTieri iyo. `daviviwyosakuTari me da sayovelTao silamazesSeverio~, _ magram, gana es SesaZlebeliaudidesi egoistisTvis?

mogzaurobis dros STabeWdilebebis,peizaJebis swrafma cvlam aiZula da wa-mierad daaviwya Sinagani drama. magram,rogorc ki diodatis gamozomil sam-yaros ubrundeboda, isev TavisimoCvenebebiT asaxlebda am samyaros. amdros ki, irgvliv cxovreba iseTi mar-tivi iyo. ra iyo am cxovrebaSi? mwvanekldeebi, mSvidi tba. is, ise Sors iyo, isoTaxi pikadilize, carieli boTlebiTa

da sasamarTlo aRmasruleblebiT Seu-racxyofili. isini, vinc CvenTan ar ari-an, msgavsia mkvdarTa. isini _ fer-mixdili aCrdilebia; iseve viviwyebT maTnakvTebs, rogorc micvalebulTa na-kvTebs. magram, micvalebulTa msgavsad,CvenTan armyofni, drodadro gvinax-uleben xolme, gvewvevian da Cvens gver-diT Slian sudarebs. meri eni... ogasta...anabela... baironma bevri siave Caidina,magram Tavs damnaSaved ar grZnobda. misiWabukuri suli didsulovani iyo; adami-anurma RvarZlma Seqmna misgan urCxuli.ramdeni saTnoeba daixarja amaod! usa-marTloba da bedisweris simkacre aRaS-foTebda. gacnobierebul Tavis bodveb-Si erTimeoris miyolebiT iwvevda am be-disweris gaelvebas... ensli... `da sersxeTa aferadebuli diadema irgvliv garsertya...~.

Tavisi siWabukis siyvaruls uZRvnadidi poema `sizmari~. gasaocari is iyo,rom vera da ver SeZlo aseTi umniSvne-lo wvrilmanis daviwyebac ki... mere daw-era “stansebi ogastas~:

`roca Camowva irgvliv wyvdiadi,roca damexSo TiTqos goneba,roca imedi da ganTiadiiqca warsulad da mogonebad.

iyo sibnele, iyo tkivili,Cems Tanadgomas eloda risxva,mtrobis nacadi Jivil-xivili,Suri, Ralati da avi sityva.

bedma mimtyuna, grZnoba gafrinda,laxvari Camces me siZulvilis,sicocxlis yvela feri gafiTrda,mxolod nugeSis iyo wyurvili.

Sen erTs gxedavdi _ caze varskvlavad,

RmerTma dalocos yvela naTeli,mec mivyvebodi am sxivs kvaldakval,is Seni suliT iyo naferi.

viT serafimis Tvalis naTeba,Cemsa da Rames Sua ideqi _Savi Rrubeli, viT anaTema,dagvtrialebda erTi imediT.

rom daaxSobda Sens elvarebas,Tumca ibrZodnen cecxlis enebi,aRsdeqi sufTa, rogorc zmaneba,

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da Seni ZaliT sZlie bneleTi.

marad Cems sulSi minda saxlobde,ici, damdaRavs mZime braldeba,minda vusmende Sens xmas, axlobels,Sen erTs Ralati ver dagbraldeba.

ideq, viTarca xe moSriale,gautexeli, odnav moxrili,Tvalcremliani mwmenddi iarebs,did qartexilSi gzagamovlili.

vici, dagindobs Sen gansacdeli,ragind mimuxTlos brma bedisweram,keTils, siyvaruls RvTisgan

vinc elis,Sen, upirveless, daglocavs zena.

daimsxvres unda yvela kavSiri,Tu siyvarulis ar Seswevs Zala,suli udreki da Tan faqizi,es Seni unda cocxlobdes marad.

Sen STamagone Zala ulevi,roca cxovreba meqca uazrod,roca amqveynad Sen megulebi,sofels aRar vTvli ukve udabnod.~166

ra daemarTa ogastas, iq Sors, zRva-Ta gadaRma? ar icoda. misi fanjrebisqveS tbis movercxlisfro talRebiniustedis tbas agonebda. mis lelqaSe-biT dafarul napirebze iyo masTan er-Tad bednieri. gulisSemZvreli werilicmiswera: nurc guli getkinebaT da nurcsakuTar Tavs SeiZulebT. Tu Cven ori-dan erTi unda SeiZuloT, dae, es me viyo_ magram amas nu gaakeTebT _ es me mo-mklavs. Cven ukanasknelni varT am qvey-anaze, romlebmac unda Sewyviton erT-maneTis siyvaruli...~. ra suleli viyavi,coli rom moviyvane _ arc Tqven brZan-debiT Cemze Wkviani, Cemo Zvirfaso. Seg-veZlo erTad bednierad gvecxovra _Sinabera da berbiWa. verasodes vipoviiseTs, Tqven rom xarT _ verc Tqven /rogor pativmoyvareobadac undamogeCvenoT/ ipoviT iseTs, me rom var.erTad cxovrebisTvis varT Seqmnili,amitom Cven _ ukidures SemTxvevaSi me,garemoebaTa gamo, mowyvetili var imerTaderT arsebas, romelsac Cemi siy-varuli SeeZlo mudmivad da romelic

usazRvrod SemeZlo myvareboda... mona-zonic rom iyoT, me ki beri _ maSinac kiSevZlebdiT erTmaneTTan laparaksRoburis gaRma-gamoRma mdgarni, axla kizRva gvyofs da ar SegviZlia. mainc su-lerTia _ Cemi xma da guli mudam Seniiqneba~.

qalma araferi upasuxa. Tavis bundo-van, mTrTolvare werilebSi werda, romxSirad xvdeboda anabelas, rom anabelaZalian keTili iyo misdami... ZaliankeTili _ ledi baironi? uh! es ki gasao-cari iyo. misi simboloebis figurebisgalereaSi anabelas ulmobeli colisadgili ekava, misi `moraluri klitem-nestras adgili~167 madam de stalma,romelic tbis meore mxares cxovrobda,da romelTanac baironi xSirad stum-robda, maTi Serigeba moisurva; aiZuleb-da, werili miswereo; magram baironmaicoda, rom es amao iyo. anabelam daum-sxvria guli, guli, romelzec odesRacambobda, mtkiceao, rogorc mTielisfexsacmlis lanCa.

cxadia, ledi baironTan damnaSaveiyo, magram is xom misi coli brZandebo-da, is gahyva `simwareSic da sikeTeSic~cxovrebis gzaze, magram `gangebis mierar iyo moniSnuli~, rom anabelas igidaepyro... odesme bediswera mis mag-ivrad Surs iZiebs. antikur RvTaebebsSorispativs ise aravis scemda, rogorcnemezidas, RmerTTa Suris maZiebels.saidumlod winaswarmetyvelebda kidec:`dRiT adre, dRiT gvian, rac man Caidi-na, missave Tavze gadava, _ magram es Cem-gan ar iqneba, radgan Cemi misdami grZno-ba _ SurisZieba ar gaxlavT, _ amitomgaxsovdeT, rasac geubnebiT, adre Tugvian, ubedurad daamTavrebs Tavis cx-ovrebas~.

qalbaton de stalTan vizitebi iyoerTaderTi damakavSirebeli rgoligare samyarosTan. Zalian moswonda pat-ara cixe-darbazi kope, umSvenieresi yav-isferi saxuraviT, patara ezoTi, oripatara koSkiT, romantikuli parkiT,CanCqeriT, xramiT. zogjer baironi iqinglisel stumrebsac xvdeboda, rom-

166. Targmna inesa merabiSvilma.

167. agamemnonis coli _ orestes, ifige-niasa da eleqtras deda. man egisTe Seiyvarada misi daxmarebiT mokla qmari. orestemSuri iZia _ dedis sayvarelic mokla da qm-ris mkvleli dedac.

162

lebic ise uyurebdnen, TiTqos satanayofiliyo. vinme misis harveis gulic kiwauvida, roca baironi oTaxSi Sevida,razec madam de stalis qaliSvilma, uwy-inarma da momxiblavma grafinia debrolim, wamoiyvira: `gagonila,samocdaxuTi wlis asakSi. metismetadgazviadebuli xom ar aris?!~ graf debrols misi saubari ùxamsi xumrobebi-Ta da liberalizmiT savsed~ miaCnda.madam de stali eubneboda: `risTvisebrZviT samyaros. uazrobaa. samyaroerTi adamianisTvis, vinc ar unda iyosis, metismetad Zlieria. axalgazrdoba-Si TviTon vcade, magram es SeuZlebeliaRmoCnda~. da marTlac, etyoboda, qalimarTali iyo. baironma im danislulmwvervalebTan Setakeba Caifiqra, rom-lebzedac britanuli pirobiTobebi wa-moskupuliyo, magram RmerTebTan Serk-ineba dausjeli ar rCeba, TviTonac idu-malad sjeroda amisa, _ da ai, axla aqaris, siZulviliT mijaWvuli Tavis mar-todSTenil kldes. promeTe, uazrodrom ganisvenebs godvinis okeanidebis168

qoroSi.madam de stalma Seatyobina, karoli-

na lemma wigni gamosca 10 maiss, romlisgmiric Sena xaro. romans `glenarvoni~erqva da epigrafad korsaridan~ amoRe-buli sityvebi hqonda wamZRvarebuli:`man saxeli dautova Taobebs: erTi gmir-uli da uricxvi danaSaulis~.

baironma Zlivs waikiTxa romani, rad-gan Zalian mosawyeni iyo. ledi karoli-na masSi Tavisi cxovrebis ukve odnavgabundovanebul ambebs aRwerda. gmiriqali Zalian adreul asakSi colad mi-hyveba lord evondels, romelic araviniyo, Tu ara viliam lemi. `lord evon-dels erTi uaryofiTi Tviseba hqonda _metismetad didsulovani da keTili iyo,risi wyalobiTac, Tavis qarafSuta me-gobars nebas aZlevda masze embrZaneblada yvelaferi Tavisi gunebiT ekeTebi-na... `Tqven CemTvis kanoni iqnebiT, _eubneboda cols lordi evondeli, _Tqven iqnebiT Cemi mijnuri, Cemi mbrZa-

nebeli, me ki Tqveni mona, erTguli~. cx-adia, ledi evondels guli aucruvda ammetismetad sust adamianze da glenar-voni Seiyvara, romlis saxec baironis,korsarisa da laras narevi gaxldaT.`cxovreba mZuls, _ ambobs glenarvoni,_ mezizReba sazogadoeba, siyvaruli,grZnobebi. Damn it! Dont talk about it!~169. me-tismetad mkacrad daxatuli ledi oqs-fordic Tavis rols TamaSobda: ùkveaxalgazrda aRar iyo. garkveuli pedan-tizmi mis saubars sasiamovno xibls arT-mevda~. ledi karolina ise Sors wavida,rom baironis namdvili werili SeitanawignSi, ganSorebisas rom miswera poet-ma, viTom glenarvonis werili iyo, ledievondelisadmi miwerili. bolos, glena-rvons wyalSi daaxrCobs.

karolinas Zalian undoda gaego, rasityoda baironi.

baironma ki Tqva, romanist qalsubralod rom aRewera, rac sinamdvile-Si iyo, wigni ufro romantikuli daTavSesaqcevi gamovidodao, `rac Seexe-ba msgavsebas, _ daumata, _ portretiar SeiZleba kargi gamosuliyo, radganmetismetad cota xans videqi mis win po-zaSi~.

vinc CvenTan ar arian, micvalebulebshgvanano. magram zogjer ufro didxansvcxovrobT mkvdrebTan, vidre cocx-lebTan. aba, vin iyo kleri, cocxali sa-trfo, am momTxovn aCrdilebTan Sedar-ebiT? is diodatSi yovel saRamos mid-ioda da uTenia, venax-venax ukan brunde-boda Selis saxlSi. orsulad iyo daguldamZimebuli. baironisTvis muSaob-da: `Silionis tusaRisa~ da `Caildharoldis~ axali strofebis gadawera-Si exmareboda. bairons ukve moswyenodaes zneobadakarguli qali da aRizianeb-da kidec, raRac kaprizebis gamo kiser-ze rom Camoekida... misgan bavSvs elis?dae. aRzrdis. bavSvi xom baironebisnaSieria, iqneb, Zvirfasic gaxdes mis-Tvis, ada xom waarTves. magram, ai, bavS-vis dedis danaxva ki aRar surda.

Selis kleri nazi, daZmuri siyvaru-liT uyvarda da toni, rogoriTacbaironi qalze laparakobda, autanelieCveneboda. poetiT mainc aRfrTovaneb-uli iyo, romlis brwyinvaleba da sim-

168. okeanisa da teTisis asulebi, nimfe-bi, maTi ricxvia samasi, aTasi an ufro samiaTasi. poetebi zRvis qalwulebad xatavdnenmaT; xelovanebi ki Tevzisboloebian qaliS-vilebad, romlebic delfinebze amxe-drebulni seravdnen zRvis talRebs.

169. èSmaksac wauRia isini! nuRar mela-parakebiT maTze!~ /ing./

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subuqe aocebda, magram baironi-adami-ani awuxebda da aRizianebda. TeoriaSiliberali baironi, cota mniSvnelobasrodi aniWebda warmoSobas; misTvis su-lerTi ar iyo, rom Seli baronetis Sviliiyo da TviTonac mudam agrZnobinebda,rom is _ lordi iyo. mis manerebSi, rocaqalebze laparakobda, iyo raRac qed-maRluri gulgriloba, da es SokSiagdebda Selis. baironi ki Tavis mxriv,Selis logikur msjelobebs ulmoblo-bad miiCnevda. misi mkveTri xma Rlidamas; zogjer eWvic uCndeboda da SelispatiosnebaSi eWvic epareboda. gvelseZaxda... `goeTes mefistofeli gvelia,romelmac eva Seacdina, deidaCemi, sax-elganTqmuli gveli~, da mudam vfiqrob-di, rom Seli sxva aravin aris, Tu araerT-erTi misi diswuli~.

hobhauzma da skrop devisma Seaty-obines, CamovdivarTo. yvelaferi gamo-cocxldeba da gadaxalisdeba, roca de-visis momxibvlel, enis borZikiT lapar-aks mousmens, daiviwyebs vodsvorTsa dapanTeistur siyvaruls, iybedeben kin-iardis saRamoebze. 20 agvistos Selebigaemgzavrnen da kleric waiyvanes. ram-denime dRis Semdeg baironma ogastasmiswera: `nu gamkicxavT, _ ra unda meq-na? gaufrTxilebeli qalia, yvelafrismiuxedavad, rac SemeZlo gavakeTe, maincmoisurva da ukan gamomyva, anu, ukeT romvTqva, win miZRoda, _ imitom, rom ukveaq damxvda; raRa ar gavakeTe, rom am am-bebisTvis bolo momeRo. dameTanxmebi-na, aqedan wasuliyo, bolos da bolos,wavida kidec. ar miyvarda, Tanac, ar Sem-iZlia yoveli Semxvedri Seviyvaro, ma-gram im qalTan simtkicis TamaSi ver Sev-Zeli, romelmac rvaasi mili gamoiara,rom me filosofosoba Semewyvita. axlaam ambebze Tqvenc imdenive iciT, ramden-ic me, da es istoria warsuls Cahbarda~.

XXVII

lava

megobrobis despanebi, skrop devisida hobhauzi, agvistos bolos Cavidnen.saxliTa da mTebiT moxiblulebi darC-nen. inglisidan aTasgvari nivTi Cau-tanes, gandevnili rom iTxovda yovelwerilSi: magnezia, bunikiani joxi Tu

kbilis wiTeli fxvnili. siamovnebiTaRniSnes, rom maTi megobari ukeTesadgamoiyureboda, saxezec is siyviTleaRar dahkravda, inglisSi rom hqonda.damSvidebulic Canda, magram mis ma-nerebSi, Zalze mSvidSic ki, Zaldatane-ba SeimCneoda; marTlac, Tavs Zalasatanda Tavisi vnebebis bneliT moculimRelvareba rom daefara, Tumca, isicbevri iyo, Tavis Sekaveba rom SeZlo.londonSi yvebodnen, yvelaze dabalifenis grizetebs170 xrwnis da Tan ogastaaxlavs paJis tansacmelSi gadacmulio.hobhauzma naxa, rom diodatSi cxovre-ba, Tavisi umankoebiT, yvelafersaRemateboda da misis lis sasurveliwerili gaugzavna: `Tqveni Zma yura-dRebas aqcevs dekoriums171 da ise cxov-robs, rom Seuracxyofas ar ayenebs arcufal RmerTs, arc kacs, arc qals... jan-mrTeloba gauumjobesda, aRarcbrendi Cans sadme, arc magnezia, aRarcuZiloba da aRarc is sodis warRvna;aRarc uxeSoba, aRarc ukuRmarToba,misi yvirilic ki aRar ismis: iseTi bed-nieri Cans, rogoric saerTod unda yo-filiyo. xom gesmiT, risi Tqma minda, _iseTi bednieria, rogoric unda iyoskeTilSobili da mgrZnobiare adamiani imkatastrofebis Semdeg, romlis drosacaseTi braldebebi, cru Tu WeSmariti,aages masze~.

cxadia, hobhauzs qveynis daTva-liereba undoda. trinitis sami muSket-eri, polidoris TanxlebiT SamonSi, mon-blanisken gaemarTa, baironi SeuWirve-blad daxtoda yinulebze. montaverissastumroSi, stumarTa wignSi, Selisgvari aRmoaCina. ukan dabrunebisasbaironma megobrebi kopeSi waiyvana, sa-dac bedniereba hqondaT, enaxaT madam destali, bonSteteni da Slegeli.172 hob-hauzs is-is iyo `adolfi~ waekiTxa damadam de stals uTxra, zogierTi TqvenigamonaTqvami vicanio: `cicinaTelebi

170. Tavisi SromiT mcxovrebi axalgazr-da qali. satrfo studentisa, mxatvris, msax-iobis Tu sxva.

171. garegnuli zrdiloba, garegnulipirobebi, rac Seefereba mdgomareobas, Tan-amdebobas.

172. fridrix Slegeli /1772-1829/ _ ger-maneli kritikosi, filosofosi, enaTmec-nieri da poeti.

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mkvdar foTlebs anaTeben, TiTqos mx-olod imitomo, rom aCvenon, irgvlivyvelaferi mkvdaria da gadamxmari~. mad-am de stali bonStetens miubrunda dauTxra: `ra sasiamovnoa, ara?~ hobhauzskope Zalian moewona.

baironma megobrebs `Caild harol-dis~ mesame simRera gadasca morcxvad.hobhauzi, romelsac SelisTan ar ucx-ovria, Zalian gaocda: `mSvenieri adg-ilebia, magram ar vici, SevZleb esec iseSeviyvaro, rogorc pirveli simRerebimiyvars. amaSi aris raRac idumaleba dametafizika~. rac Seexeba stansebi ogas-tas~ baironma rom aCvena, mtirala damosawyeniao _ uTxra, Tan umowyaloddascina. hobhauzTan grZnobebze lapar-aki sakmaod Zneli iyo.

pirveli skrop devisi gaemgzavra,baironma damuSavebuli qvebi gaatana,aqatebi, brolis gulsakidebi, disS-vilebisTvisa da Tavisi qaliSvilis,`Tavisi saunjisTvis~ rom iyida. es gax-ldaT yvelaze gamogonili siyvarulimis sxva siyvarulTa Soris, _ es pataragogona, mxolod orjer Tu enaxa, maincTaviseburad uyvarda. devisis gamgza-vrebidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg ube-duri polidoric gauSves; is keTilSo-bilebas moklebuli kaci rodi iyo, ma-gram pativmoyvareobam autanel adami-anad aqcia. hobhauzma, romelsac werti-lis dasma Seubraleblad SeeZlo, gaix-sena, rom man es iwinaswarmetyvela. dio-datSi orni darCnen da axali gaseirnebe-bi wamoiwyes.

muqi-mwvane saZovrebi, naxiris uam-ravi zanzalaki, mwyemsebi, romlebicSoriaxlo maRlobebze umoZraodidgnen, da TiTqos zecas ufromiekuTvnebodnen, vidre dedamiwas,CaSavebuli Tovlis bolo narCenebi,romlis gadnobac zafxuls ver moeswro,_ es yvelaferi bairons Tavisi bavSvo-bis ardadegebs agonebda SotlandiaSi.`sizmars hgavs, _ eubneboda hobhauzs,_ Zalze brwyinvalea da Zalze veluriimisTvis, rom sinamdvile iyos~. moswon-da yinulebi, romlis talRiseburizedapiri romeliRac gaqvavebulqariSxals agonebda, CanCqerebs, romlisqafiani fafari mzis sinaTleze gigan-turi TeTri cxenis saxes iRebda, iqnebim cxenisasac, apokalifsuri sikvdilirom moaWenebda; moswonda nacrisferi

mZime Rrubeli, ufskrulebis kideebzerom micuravda, rogorc jojoxeTuriokeanis qafi. am uCveulo peizaJebis Se-myure mxolod ogastaze fiqrobda damTeli am mogzaurobis ganmavlobaSi mis-Tvis dRiurebs werda:

`guSin, 1816 wlis 17 seqtembers /hob-hauzTan erTad/, mTebSi saxetialodwavedi. mokle Canawerebs gavakeTeb Cemidis, ogastasTvis.

_ saZovrebze Zroxebis zanzalakeb-is xma ismis, mwyemsebis gadaZaxili,ukraven salamurze, kldeebze davexete-bi, romlebic ase miudgomeli Canan, _axla yvelafers naTlad vxedav, adremxolod gagonili mqonda an ase war-momedgina mwyemsuri cxovreba... yve-laferi sufTaa, raime minarevis gareSe_ oRond, veluria da patriarqaluri...am wams bunebiT vivseb suls.

_ cxra saaTi. dasaZineblad vwvebi.hobhauzma mezobel oTaxSi Subli karsmiartya, da bunebrivia, yvela kars swyev-lis. dRes ar davRlilvar, imedi maincmaqvs, daviZineb. qveviT qalebi layboben.wavikiTxe frangulad naTargmni Sileri.Rame mSvidobisa, Zvirfaso ogasta.

_ grindenvaldi. varskvlavebisnaTeba Zalian lamazia, magram bilikiaZalze uvargisi. mokled, amas mniS-vneloba ar aqvs, mSvidobianad viare,cota quxili ki iyo... TiTqmis mTlianadgamxmari fiWvis tye gaviare, uqerqo, SiS-veli xis tanebi, usicocxlo totebi. esyvelaferi erT zamTarSi ganadgurda, _am sanaxaobam maiZula sakuTar Tavze daCems ojaxze mefiqra.

_ gza bernidan friburgamde. ZaRliviyide _ Zalian lamazia, Zalian avic,rac didi Rirsebaa misi patronis Tval-Si da Cems TvalSic. ukudoa da mutcihqvia.

_ am gaseirnebisas bedma gamiRima /cameti dRiT/ _ rogorc amindis mxriv,aseve Tanamgzavris arCevanSic... mzadviyavi, sruli kmayofileba megrZno.buneba miyvars da muxls viyri silamaziswinaSe. SemiZlia daRliloba avitano,gaWirveba ufro msiamovnebs, _ vnaxeramdenime peizaJi, umSvenieresi msof-lioSi. magram am yvelafers Soris mwaremogonebebi ar mSordeba, Cemi amaswinde-li, uaRresad piraduli imedgacrueba;mogonebebi, Tan rom mdevs cxovrebaSi,

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mRrRnian mTeli mogzaurobis ganmavlo-baSi. arc mwyemsebis musikas, arc zvavTaxmaurs, arc qariSxals, arc mTebs, arcyinulebs, arc tyes, arc Rrublebs _erTi wamiTac ar Seumsubuqebia simZime,gulze rom mawevs da nebas ar maZlevsgavTavisuflde Cemi ubeduri `me~-sgan.

_ sayvedurs ar vambob, yvelafersTavisi dro aqvs. SurisZiebis survilzecmaRla vdgavar. diax, Tanac ar vici ise-Ti mrisxane SurisZieba, romelic sakma-risi iqneba imisTvis, rac me gadavitane.mova saaTi da imas, rasac vgrZnob, sxve-bic igrZnoben... magram amaze kmaralaparaki. Zvirfaso ogasta, gigzavniT amdRiurs, TqvenTvis davwere. davwereimaze, rac vnaxe da rac ganvicade. giy-vardeT ise, rogorc me miyvarxarT~.

agvistoSi, diodatSi, luisi ewvia,`beris~ avtori. goeTes `faustis~ ram-denime adgili uTargmna. Tema gulzeunda moxvedroda. kiTxvebi, romlebsacfausti samyaros usvams, eSmakTan SeT-anxmeba, margaritas dakargva _ gana misisakuTari istoria ar iyo? magram is,baironi rom yofiliyo faustis~ Semqm-neli, ufro vaJkacurs Seqmnida mas daufro pirquSsac. ratom unda ikankalossulebis winaSe? adamians, namdvil adami-ans maTi ar eSinia da ar eSinia sikvdil-is.

yovelgvari qmnileba biZgisgan wam-oiSoba, romelic keTilSobil niadagsanayofierebs. baironis niadagi mzadiyo: igi gamouxatveli grZnobebis, SiSis,siyvarulis, survilebis, sinanulis ga-varvarebuli masa gaxldaT, _ lava,romelic kidev erTxel yvelafris ga-nadgurebiT imuqreboda. uzarmazariSTabeWdilebidan, romelic `faustis~kiTxviTa da alpuri peizaJebis xilviTSeiqmna, amoizarda didi dramatuli po-ema: `manfredi~. ori pirveli aqtiTormet dReSi dawera, mogzaurobisdros. peizaJebi ogastasTvis, prozadrom aRwerda dRiurebSi, odnavi cv-lilebebiT, axali dramis fragmentebadiqca da naRvlian aRsarebebs Seeria. mog-zaurobis yvela cocxali scena _ Sex-vedrebi monadireebTan, mwyemsi sala-murze rom ukravda, _ yvelaferi poe-maSi Sevida.

manfredi, alpebSi feodaluri cixe-darbazis patroni, magiuri mecnierebi-

Taa dakavebuli, mdidaria, swavluli,magram gardasul droTa danaSaulismogonebebi suls uwamebs. pirveli sce-na fausturia; igi dedamiwis, okeanis,mTebis, sinaTlis sulebs iZaxebs. `raginda Cemgan, Svilo dedamiwisa? _ekiTxeba daviwyebis suli. _ ra? is, racCemSia...~. ra aris masSi? es ki unda gam-oicnos. sibraluli qalisa, astartasi,romelic dakarga da romelTanacSeerTeba isev unda; survili, Suri iZiossxva qalze, romelsac igi ar asaxelebs.amis winaaRmdeg bolo idumali xma saza-rel wyevlas warmoTqvams _ da radganbairons sakuTari Tavis datoveba da sak-uTari `me~-s daviwyeba SeuZlia, miniS-nebebi CvenTvis naTelia da simboloebicgamWvirvale. da Cven viciT, rom manfre-di _ baironia, astarta _ ogastaa, wyev-lis obieqti _ anabela.

`rodesac boRma Segipyrobs,wyvdiads miapyrob Tvalsada gaocdebi, Tu Cemsasversad SeniSnav kvalsa.unda damalo yvelasgantanjva-wameba Seni.ukve warmoTqva wyevlis xmamTavisi ganaCeni:qaris xma SenTvis iqnebaamieridan kvnesa;kaeSniT mocul RameSiSen moinatreb mzesa.magram rodesac mzis SuqiTgaifanteba bneli,Sen gagixdeba sibneleiseve sanatreli.Seni cbieri cremlebimaqvs me viT sawamlavi.Seni sastiki gulidansisxli gaviRe Savi.bageze Rimi dagakal _gulTa mxilveli gveli.Sxami gaqvs yvela Sxamebzeumetes saSineli.farisevluris moqceviTgrZnobebiT gamomSraliT,sinazis gamomCenelis,magram borotis TvaliT.moZmeTa daundoblobiTmaTTvis miwvdilis SxamiT, _wyevas da krulvas gigzavniSen yovelive amiT.gadmoiRvara Sens Tavze,rogorc Seni znis fasi,

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tanjva-wamebiT aRsavsesabediswero Tasi.ver moiqarvebs tkivilebssuli mkacri da mqisi,mudam sikvdilis monatrulsSiSi geqneba misi.dawyevlili xar, SegborkavsCemi sityvebis xundi;sul itanje da tanjvaSidasWkni da daZabundi!~173

manfredi jadoqars evedreba gamoix-mos astarta. igi aRwers mas, da igi _ogastaa.

`me mgvanda igi.saxis naxazi, Tmebisa da

Tvalebis ferida TviT xmis kiloc _ amgvarive iyo imisi,mxolod warmtaci silamaziT dalbilebuli.Cven gvaerTebda ocneba da

fiqri erTgvari,ganmartoebis siyvaruli da miswrafebamarad idumal codnisadmi wyurvili, raTamTeli msoflio Cvens gonebas win gadaSloda.garda amisa, misTvis kidev ar iyo ucxoRrma sibraluli, moTmineba, Rimili, cremli, _rac me sruliad ara mqonda _ da es sinaze,romelsac mxolod misda mimarT me ganvicdidi.Tu ki raime nakli iyo mis bunebaSi,es iyo Cemic, Rirsebani ki _ misi mxolod.me Semiyvarda da kidevac davRupe igi!~174

`me Semiyvarda da kidevac davRupeigi~, _ ai, saidumlo manfredis sa-sowarkveTisa, da TviT baironisac.baironi manfredis xmiT Tavis tanjvazeyviris, metismetad kargad rom iyo da-faruli diodatis mSvidi mepatronisada kopes Tavaziani fantazioris niRab-qveS.

amaod ixmoben jojoxeTuri Zalebiastartas; is gamoCndeba, sityvas ar am-bobs, iseTive uenoa, rogoric Tavisdroze ogasta iyo baironisTvis. da ise-Ti, rogorsac misi maxsovroba naklebida naklebi mkafioobiT aRadgenda.

`o, astarta, usmine Cems xmas!uZvirfaseso, gamigone da mipasuxe!......Cven Segviyvarda erTmaneTi.

nuTu sicocxlegvqonda Cven misTvis mocemuli,

rom samudamod,dausrulebel satanjvelSi vyofiliyaviT?Tumca imgvari siyvaruli, viT Cven gviyvarda,Secodebaa udidesi. miTxari, rom Sensulyvelaferi mapatie, radgan miviRetanjva-wameba orTavesi,

da rom samoTxegergo Sen, xolo me sikvdili mergeba bolos......daRupvis karTan amarTuli gTxov, erTxel kidevxma utkbilesi gamagono, miTxari rame!~1

.....qali usityvod qreba, da sulebi

SiSiT uyureben manfredis sasowarkve-Tas. `es rom erTi Cvengani iyos, _ am-boben sulebi, _ sazareli suli iqnebo-da~.

gadmomskdari lavis nakadi didebuligamodga. `manfreds~ mesame aqti aklda,magram baironma maSin ar moindoma misidawera. hobhauzTan erTad diodatSidabrunda da mTebis xiblic swrafadgauqra.

manfredis naRvelis erTi yvelazemniSvnelovani mizezi ogastas mdumare-ba iyo. baironis Civilze, ratom upasuxabanaluri, arafris mTqmeli werilebiT?misi gamaRizianebeli araTanamimdevro-ba, baironis azriT ase mimzidveli,amjerad ratom Semobrunda ufxo dari-gebebiT? SeSfoTebuli baironi Tavisidis bundovani winadadebebis iqiTsruliad sxva gonebas Wvretda; am

173-174. `manfredi~ _ Targmna konstan-tine WiWinaZem.

175. `manfredi~ _ Targmna konstantineWiWinaZem.

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gonebas is kargad icnobda, albaT, me-tismetad kargadac. magram aba, ras war-moidgenda, misi iq aryofnis dros am orqals Soris rac moxda.

im dRes, roca baironma inglisi da-tova, ledi baironi /romelic ukve ram-denime kvira londonSi cxovrobda, romTavis iuristTan da mrCevelTan /les-ingtonTan da romilTan/ axlos yofil-iyo/ sofelSi gaemgzavra, pataraadasTan. anabela ocdaoTxi wlisa iyo daegona, misTvis cxovreba ukve damTavr-da. baironisadmi cudi grZnobebi hqon-da, _ metismetad uyvarda igi, axla kisZulda: metismeti siyvaruli xom siZu-lvils badebs. Tumc, gulis romeliRackunWulSi uyvarda isev. ogastam gamgza-vrebis win inaxula da misma micvalebu-lisTvis damaxasiaTebelma SemaZrwune-belma simSvidem gaaoca.

moraluri problemebi, romlebic amSeuracxyofili kazuistis kirkitagonebas aSfoTebda, qmris gamgzavrebisSemdegac ar iyo gadawyvetili. rogormoqceoda ogastas? megobrulad? es ni-Snavda, uareyo baironis winaaRmdeg yve-laze mniSvnelovani braldeba, im SemTx-vevisTvis, Tu rodesme mouwevda masTanbrZola, qaliSvilis aRzrdis sakiTxSi.mtrulad moqceoda, rogorc es iuristssurda? magram es xom yvela Woris dadas-turebas niSnavda, lemi rom avrceleb-da da kidev sxvebic; garda amisa, es niS-navda _ misis lisTvis SeuZlebeli gaex-ada londonSi cxovrebac. ogastabairons devnilobaSi rom gahyoloda,yvelas dasanaxad gamoefina, rom iyo etsoror et conjur;176 gamarjvebuliledi baironi, mdgomareobis batonigaxdeboda. magram msxverplis roman-tikuli moTxovnileba yovlisSemZleiyo masSi! mas ar surda mulis daRupva.is miiCnevda, rom misi qristianuli mov-aleoba ogastas sulis gadarCena gaxl-daT da Tu SesaZlebeli iqneba /Tumca esukve aRar sjeroda/, baironis sulisac.es ormagi Sedegi mxolod im SemTxvevaSimiiRweoda, Tu damnaSaveni erTmaneTsver naxavdnen. maTi Tavisuflebis pa-tiviscema niSnavda maTi qcevis Tan-amzraxvelobas.

movaleoba aiZulebda, _ iseve,rogorc eWvi da wyena, _ amgvari mza-kvruli gzebiT codvilis devnas. magrammovaleobis niRbis qveS, cxadia, am me-tismetad faqizi qalis gonebas Seeparaufro SemaSfoTebeli grZnoba da ufrobunebrivic _ codnis survili. mxolodrwmena klavs eWvs. magram anabelasaranairi rwmena ar hqonda im saSineliSemTxvevis Taobaze, romelic WeSmaritimizezi iyo misi ubedurebisa. is incestisaCrdils xedavda, romelic qorwinebisdRidan mis saxlSi daexeteboda, magramrisTvis unda miekuTvnebina rac manSeniSna? es vneba Zveli iyo, ukve Camqra-li da damcxrali? Tu piriqiT da es saz-areli siyvaruli maTi qorwinebis Semde-gac grZeldeboda? man es ar icoda daundoda rom scodnoda. ogastas misfiqrebSi imdenad didi adgili eWira,rom SeiZleba gaocdes kidec kaci, Tava-dac xom gvaxasiaTebs Seupovari mous-venroba, sinazemde rom dadis, im say-vareli adamianisadmi, romelic saidum-los flobs, Tundac saSinels, risi cod-nac Cvenca gvwyuria.

am SfoTisa da Relvis mdgomareoba-Si myof ledi bairons bedma gauRima damesaidumle ipova. ogastas axlo me-gobarma misis jorj vilersma ledibairons sTxova, muls maRali sazoga-doebis Worebis winaaRmdeg brZolaSidaxmareboda. anabelam stumrad iwvia dasimarTle mouTxro. misis vilersi,znekeTili banovani, gancvifrebulidarCa da ukiduresadac dainteresda.ogasta ganSorebaze, Worebze iseTiumanko Seuracxyofili toniT lapara-kobda, rom misis vilerss gauWirda ledibaironis dajereba. roca mis simarTle-Si darwmunda, aRSfoTda. `SeiZlebodaogastas patieba, _ ambobda igi, _ romewamebodes, nanobdes, magram damnaSavisis qedmaRluri simsubuqe sruliadmiutevebeli iyo~. amasve grZnobda ledibaironic. iseve rogorc bevrs, moswonswaqceuli megobris daxmareba mxolodimitom, rom man ar gabedos bedniereba-ze da dovlaTze ocneba, aseve, es oriqali mzad iyo codvilis dasaxmareblad,oRond im pirobiT, ogasta Tavisi sur-viliT Tu daimcirebda da daimdableb-da Tavs. baironic codvili iyo, magram176. daca da colic.

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man is mainc icoda, ra iyo codva. ogas-tas ki emCneoda, amaze arc arasodesefiqra. `mudam vamCnevdi, _ werda ana-bela, _ am gasaocar gansxvavebas maTSoris: baironis grZnobebi, Tumca misqcevebTan TanxmobaSi ver modioda,mainc moralur sakiTxebSi gacilebiTfaqizi da wesieri iyo, vidre ogastasi.is TiTqos Tavis danaSauls mniS-vnelovnad ar miiCnevda~.

misis vilersi ledi bairons eTanxme-boda, rom aucilebeli iyo ogastas miy-vana siamayidan monaniebamde. misis li,etyoboda, sruliad bunebrivad miiCnev-da, rom massa da rZals Soris sazogadoe-bis dasanaxad megobruli urTierTobe-bi SeenarCunebina. amitom aucilebeliiyo ogastasTvis egrZnobinebinaT, romigi axla kanongareSe idga.

ledi baironi _ misis lis: `TqvensmSobiarobamde ar msurda ameRelvebi-neT, magram axla vici, rom gamokeTdiT,amitom aRar SemiZlia SemdegSic davfa-ro Tqvengan is, rac dakavSirebuliaTqveni qcevebis zogierT wvrilmanTan,Tumca /rogorc unda darwmunebuliviyo masSi/ merCivna mdumarebiT dame-fara, magram aucileblobis winaSe davd-eqi da Cems movaleobad miviCnev Tqven-Tan urTierToba SevzRudo...~.

ori upatiosnesi qali gulisSemZvre-li SeSfoTebiT eloda, rogor upasux-ebda am muqaras maTi dacemuli dai.`vfiqrob, pirvelad SiSi Seipyrobs, meresiamaye...~. magram ogastam Zalian Tavm-dablad upasuxa: `Cemi Svilebis keTil-dReobisTvis iZulebuli var, TqvenganTanagrZnobiT SemoTavazebuli urTier-Tobis SezRudva miviRo; rogorc Cans, esaris is, rac Tqven SegiZliaT SesTava-zoT imas, vinc, Tqveni sityvebiT, aRararis Rirsi Tqveni pativiscemisa da siy-varulisa. mova dro da Tqveni azri Se-icvleba~.

axla aucilebeli iyo, bolomde mis-uliyo es zneobrivi mkurnaloba, misgandanaSaulis aRiarebis miRweva, mere kibaironis naxvaze unda eTqva uari. maTSoris mimowera gagrZelda da is, vincufro susti iyo, Tavisi survilis sawi-naaRmdegod, mainc mivida naxevrad aRi-arebamde. gamotyda, rom danaSau-lebrivi urTierToba baironis qor-winebamde arsebobda, magram ificebodada gulwrfelic Canda, rom qorwinebis

Semdeg mtkiced idga.177 amis Semdeg dak-iTxvam ufro zusti formebi miiRo.roca ori, urTierTTanxmobiT, didxansmdumared gverds uvlis seriozul,mtanjvel sakiTxs, dabolos, roca gada-wyveten gaxsnan es zneobrivi Cirqovanimuwuki, isini arcTu iSviaTad poulobenpirquS, magram mwvave siamovnebasa dagulis gamawvrilebel bednierebas ima-Si, rom orivem dawvrilebiT Seiswavla issakiTxi, romelic, rogorc erTisTvis,ise meoresTvis, ase didi xnis fiqris sa-gani iyo. anabela ogastas uxsnida,rogor moeCvena yvelaferi saeWvod /siqs-mail-botomSi Casvlis pirvelivedRes/; ogasta ki dauzareblad arCevdasakuTar Secdomebs da darwmunebuliiyo anabelas sibrmaveSi.

zogjer codvili monaniebas isev iw-yebda. misis vilersi 1816 wlis 18 iv-liss, masTan misvlis meore dResve,ledi bairons swerda, rom `ogasta mx-olod tiulsa da abreSumze melaparake-boda; mas jansaRi da mSvenieri Sesa-xedaoba aqvs, rom igi, etyoba, sruliadgulcivia da sulSi aranair simZimes argrZnobs~. sabednierod, ramdenime xnisSemdeg, daTrgunuli da Secbunebulinaxes. magram saqme jer damTavrebuli ariyo.

saSiSroeba imaSi mdgomareobda, rombairons isev SeeZlo masze gavlenismoxdena. mas undoda erTmaneTs Sveicar-iaSi an italiaSi Sexvedrodnen; SeiZle-boda qali cdunebas ahyoloda, miTumetes, rom polkovniki li isev valeb-Si iyo Cafluli da SeiZleba, colisgamgzavrebaze Tanxmobac eTqva.ogastac mzad iyo yovelgvari sigiJisCasadenad, roca Zma eubneboda ubedurivaro. amaod elaparakeboda anabela imsaSinel tanjvaze, sindisis qenjna rom

177. ledi baironi _ misis lis: `radganarasodes iswrafiT da arc iswrafodiT mo-getyuebineT imaSi, rac warsul faqtebs ex-eba da razec Cemi rwmena uryevia, mzad vardavijero, roca ambobT, rom Segnebuladarasodes mogiyenebiaT CemTvis tkivili...~.

ledi baironi _ misis vilerss: `miviRepasuxi _ igi iseTia, rogoric unda iyos, _es yvelaferia, risi imedic unda mqondes.sruliad darwmunebuli var ogastas udana-SaulobaSi im periodSi, roca saqme uSualodme mexeboda~ /avtoris SeniSvna/.

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iwvevda baironSi, romlis mowmec Tvi-Ton iyo. `Tavad arasodes minaxavs is, _eubneboda ogasta, _ rasac Tqven aRmi-werT, Tu rogor itanjeboda... rom vi-code, iqneb davxmarebodi WeSmaritibednierebis mopovebaSi! magram me arvici...~. zogjer ledi baironi Tavismuls siamovnebiT miakravda dafas war-weriT: “mounaniebeli eretikosi”.

1816 wlis agvistos bolos, anabelalondonSi Cavida ogastas sanaxavad. ambolo dakiTxvisTvis rom momzadebu-liyo, Tavisi Cveulebis mixedviT, sak-iTxebi paragrafebad Camowera: `raufro gtanjavT: Tqveni codva Tu misiSedegebi? Tqveni danaSauli RmerTissawinaaRmdegoa Tu axloblebisa? naT-lad grZnobT, rom yovelgvari azri,aseT codvasTan dakavSirebuli,TavisTavad codvaa da rom guli SeiZle-ba damnaSave iyos maSinac ki, roca qceve-bi udanaSauloa?~

seqtembris pirvel dReebSi qalebierTmaneTs yoveldRe naxulobdnen.178 amdausrulebeli saubrebis dros, ogasta,bolos da bolos, am Zlieri qalis xelSiaRmoCnda da anabelas miando Tavisi su-lis marTva; aRuTqva, baironis werileb-sac gaCveneb da mec civad mivwero. ledibaironi ar moiTxovda, rom ZmasTan mi-mowera Seewyvita: “mimoweris Sewyvetasar girCevT, magram, gTxovT, gamudmebiTimaze ifiqroT, rogor gamoasworoTmisi grZnobebi da ara imaze, rogordaumSvidoT an daukmayofiloT isini.Tavi aarideT yovel winadadebas da yov-el miniSnebas, ramac SeiZleba cud azre-bamde miiyvanos... neba momeciT, giTxraT,ufrTxildiT, misi azrebis simsubuqesda, aqedan momdinare, odnav axirebultons, rac mas ase uyvars, magram uyvarsim uRirsi mizezis gamo, rom igi xelsuSlis seriozulad ifiqros”. Seucnobe-li moxerxebuloba qalisa _ ogastas

arTmevda imas, rac mTeli misi xibli iyo.

JenevaSi civi da wvimiani amindebi iw-yeboda. bairons Sveicariidan undodawasvla. tbis meore napiridan, seSe-ronidan, ingliseli turistebi sazRvaodurbindebiT mis aivans uTvalTvalebd-nen im imediT, rom iq qalis qveda kabasdainaxavdnen. rogorc yvela devnili,isic mgrZnobiare iyo da xvdeboda, amganmartoebaSic siZulviliT dasdevd-nen ukan, im siZulviliT, riTac gamoac-iles. undoda mTebi gadaelaxa da adri-atikis sanapiroebisken daSvebuliyo,ise, rogorc qancgawyvetili iremi gan-wiruli gadaeSveba xolme wyalSi~.

oqtombris dasawyisSi diodati da-tova da hobhauzTan erTad, simplonisgavliT, milanisken gaemarTa. didebulifletCeric maTTan iyo da hobhauziaRfrTovanebuli iyo misi xelovnebiT_ inglisuri yofis yoveldRiurobaSigadaeyvana yvelaferi, rac ram Sexvdebo-da. erTma CanCqerma fletCers `pa-tivcemuli mister bexeris pariki gaax-sena~. eqvsi cxeni eweoda baironis etlssimplonis simaRleebisken. gaiares naZ-vis tyeebis, qvaTa samyarosa da maradi-uli yinulebis zona. mwvervalze adgiliver ipoves TavianTi gvarebis misawerad,qaRaldis naglejze daweres da gul-dagul damales qvis qveS, mere maradiu-li yinulebidan qveviT daeSvnen da do-modosolis mTian xeobaSi Cavidnen, rom-lis ferdobebi venaxebiT iyo dafaruli,ferdobebis wverebze ki TeTri samrek-loebi aRmarTuliyo.

fletCerma brZaneba miiRo _ kara-binebi, xanjlebi da pistoletebimoemzadebina. ingliselebs afrTx-ilebdnen, saxifaTo qveyanaao. napoleo-nis damxobis Semdeg sacodavi italiaucxo qveynebis gamgeblobaSi moxvda.wminda kavSirma,179 `dinastiaTa sazoga-doebam~, lombardiisgan avstriulisamefo Seqmna, romelsac ufali Rmer-Tis _ leitenant meternixis policiisdaxmarebiT marTavda. yvelgan jaSuSebidaZrwodnen, ojaxebSic ki dabezReba me-fobda. liberalebi da patriotebi sai-

178. ledi baironis Canaweri: `ogastamCemTan aRiara adrindeli urTierTobebi _Tan mtkiced uaryofda, rom es urTierTo-bebi Cveni qorwinebis Semdeg aRar gagrZele-bula... gamotyda, rom leqsi /I speak not, itrace not, i breathe not/ misdamia miZRv-nili.

misis vilersi _ ledi bairons: “am leq-sis Sesaxeb ogastas mkacrad velaparake~ /avtori/.

179. evropis monarqTa gaerTianeba rev-oluciuri moZraobis winaaRmdeg. pirveladkavSirSi Sediodnen ruseTis, avstriisa daprusiis monarqebi.

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dumlo organizaciebs aarsebdnen. mi-lanSi baironi liberalebis wres daukav-Sirda. rekomendacia hqonda madam destalisa monsenior ludoviko debremTan, italiis eqsmefis karismRvdelTan. misi meSveobiT gaicnomarkizi de bremi /romelic odesRac Si-nagan saqmeTa ministri iyo eJen boarne-si1802./, italiis yvelaze cnobili cocx-ali poeti monti da mwerali silvio pe-liko. qveyana moewona. glexis gogoebsmSvenieri Savi Tvalebi hqondaT. simam-ace da siyvaruli ewera yoveli maTganissaxes.

aRafrTovana ambrosis biblioTekam,sadac lukrecia borjas `relikviebi~aCvenes, misi Tmis kululi, grZeli damSvenieri, da misi werili, ìseTi kargi,iseTi mosiyvarule, rom ubedurad undaigrZno Tavi, adre rom ar daibade, sxvaTu araferi, dainaxavdi mainc mas~. àbamixvdiT, gTxovT, _ werda ogastas, _zogjer rogor awerda xels? ai ase +,jvriT, _ romelsac misi saxeli undaSeecvala... gana saintereso ar aris?vfiqrob, iciT, rom igi lamazi iyo daTavisi cxovrebis wesiT friad cnobili,kardinali bembo uyvarda /kidev is ambe-bi mamikosTan, pap aleqsandresa da Zmas-Tan Cezare borjasTan _ zogs es sjera,zogs _ ara/. es yvelaferi imiTdamTavrda, rom feraris hercoginiagaxda da mSvenieri colic iyo da dedac,_ Zalian, Zalian samagaliTo~.

Teatr `skalaSi~ de bremebis loJaSihobhauzi da baironi erT frangs gaec-nen, baton de beils,181 saimperatoro sa-cavebis yofil intendants, romelmacmaT gasaocari ambebi uambo, isic uTxra,napoleonis piradi mdivani viyavi da im-perators ruseTidan ukan daxevis dro-sac vemsaxurebodio. `napoleons maSinsruliad aebna Tavgza, _ Tqva beilma, _Tavis brZanebebs xeli ase moawera`pompeusi~. roca vuTxari: `Tqvenoudidebulesobav, Secdoma mogividaT~.man saSineli saxiT Semomxeda daCaibuzRuna: àh, diax~. erTxel beili

imasac Seeswro, roca oTxmocdaoTxigenerali gamocxadda mTavar banakSi,napoleonma rogor wamoiZaxa: ai, mTeliCemi divizia!.. mTeli Cemi brigada!..~roca imperatori gaemgzavra, beili mi-uratTan miavlines; miurati sawolzeijda Turme da mwared tiroda. mere ta-leiranzec alaparakda. Tqva, sasamarT-loze rom moxvedriliyo, aucilebladgaasamarTlebdneno; isic Tqva, napole-ni mkacri sulac ar iyo, metismetadrbili kacic ki iyoo. isic auwya maT, qal-batoni nei axla milanSia da Tavisi qm-ris saflavze aseTi warweris gakeTebamoisurvao: òcdaTxuTmeti weli dide-bisa da erTi dRe cdomilebisa~. gasao-cari kaci iyo es batoni de beili, _yvelgan piradad eswreboda yvelazedaujerebel ambebs. `yvela safuZvelimaqvs, _ werda hobhauzi, romelic mon-domebiT iwerda mis monaTxrob ambebs, _beili iseT adamianad miviCnio, romel-ic ndobis Rirsia, magram laparakis man-era aqvs RvarZliani da materialistisSTabeWdilebas axdens, rac sinamdvile-Si aris kidec~.

milanSi baironsa da hobhauzs isevgamouCndaT is ubeduri poli-doli; vi-Rac oficers waeCxuba da bairons mou-wia saqmeSi Careva mis gadasarCenad. pa-tara eqimi axla ukve uelsis princesasmedikis Tanamdebobis kandidati brZan-deboda. `sacodavi qali, _ Tqva hob-hauzma, roca sarekomendacio werilsaZlevda, _ Wkuanakluli unda iyo, ase-Ti eqimi rom aiyvano~. lui de bremi hob-hauzze /mgznebare qsenofobi/ ufro sa-marTliani iyo da sacodav eqimze ukeTe-si azrisa gaxldaT. ìSviaTad Sexvdebi,_ werda madam de stals, _ aseT pa-tiosan, ubralo da wrfel adamians,rogoric polidoria~.

lui de bremma madam de stalsbaironzec gauziara Tavisi azrebi; esmiT ufro sainteresoa, radgan igi seruolter skotis azrebsac daemTxva:

`lordi baironi Tavazianobis gan-saxierebaa. SemTxveva mieca, TavisikeTili guli polidorisTvis eCvenebi-na da man es Zalian ubralod da zrdil-obianad gaakeTa. aba, rogor giTxraT?vfiqrob, arseboben guliani adamianebi,SeiZleba socialurad dabalni, magrammaRali humanurobiT dajildoebulni.lordi baironi mravali Tvisebis ma-

180. eJen boarne /1781-1824/ _ napoleo-nis geri, lixtenbergis hercogi, frangi gen-erali, italiis vice-mefe /1805-1814/.

181. anri mari beili /fsevdonimi stenda-li / /1783-1842/ _ frangi mwerali.

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tarebelia, romlebic bunebrivia da misiTanamemamuleebi da axloblebi ver amC-neven, ZiriTadad imitom, rom mas akliais Tviseba, rac Cveulebriv miRebuliada moiTxoven xolme... mivaxvedreT, romCven saerTod ar gvexeba esa Tu is, maszegavrcelebuli azri da rom Cveni azrimTlianad masze iqneboda damokidebuli.misi nawarmoebebi Cvens megobrebs, vincinglisuri icis, Zalian moswonT, pirda-pir ver veubnebiT, magram Rrma aRfrTo-vanebas vagrZnobinebT; es Cvens mego-brul urTierTobebs xels uwyobs, mas kiSesaZleblobas aZlevs, mtkiced igrZnosim sazogadoebaSi Tavi, romelSic Seviy-vane. im adamianis jildo, visac dabneu-li sulebis nugeSiscema SeuZlia, mx-olod imaSia, rom mas am sulebis gagebisunari aqvs~.

italielma megobrebma bairons mila-nis yvela RirsSesaniSnavi adgiliaCvenes. moismina simonetis eqo da naxamTvaris SuqiT ganaTebuli taZrebi. ba-tonma de beilma aRniSna kidec is gasao-cari STabeWdileba, baironze rom moax-dina daniel krespis suraTma.182 su-raTze, eklesiis SuaSi, kuboSi mwoliareberi iyo gamosaxuli, romelic sulismosaxseniebeli msaxurebis dros su-daras uecrad iSorebs, kubodan dgebada ambobs: `wminda sasamarTlosgan daw-yevlili var!~ baironi am suraTs vermoaSores, gulis siRrmemde SeZruliiyo. misi Tanamgzavrebi, geniosis pa-tiviscemis niSnad SeumCnevlad gavid-nen, cxenebze Sesxdnen da quCaSi elod-nen bairons.

4 noembers hobhauzi da baironi vene-ciaSi gaemgzavrnen. breSa, verona /sadacbairons julietas gaxsenebaze guli au-Cuyda/, viCenca gaiares, da erT Rames,gondolis rbil savarZelSi CaTvlemilsuecrad ganaTebuli veneciis Sua gulSigamoeRviZa. niCbebis dacemis eqom miax-vedra, rom xidis qveS micuravdnen, _gondolierma iyvira: rialto!~ ramden-ime wuTic da sastumro did britaneTs~miadgnen did arxze. didebuli kibeebiTmooqrovili oTaxebisken waiyvanes,romelTa kedlebzec moxatuli abreSumiiyo gakruli.

182. albaT, italieli fermweri juzepemaria krespi igulisxmeba /1665-1747/.

XXVIII

venecia _ gulTa jadoqari

sadac mudam unda gaiTvaliswinowili mouxelTebeli fantaziisa da sare-celi, raic yvelaferze mbrZaneblobs.

aleni

baironi _ maris: venecia imaze metadmomewona, vidre velodi; lodiniT kibevrs velodi. igi erTi im qalaqTagania,romelsac maSinac ki vicnobdi, vidrevnaxavdi, da aRmosavleTis Semdeg, essamyaros is adgilia, romelzec yvelazemetad vocnebobdi. momwons misi fiqri-ani mxiaruleba, misi gondolebisa daarxebis mdumareba. qalaqis aSkaradacemac ki ver mifaravs aRtacebas; mok-led, menaneba misi gamqrali kostiumeb-is Tavisebureba, Tumca jer kidev arisSemorCenili; male karnavali iqneba~.tomas murs: `minda veneciaSi gavataromTeli zamTari... qalaqma imedi ar gami-crua... ise didxans vicxovre nangreveb-Si, rom ar SeiZleba gapartaxeba ar Seviy-varo~.

veneciuri dialeqti moswonda, iseverogorc Jangmiwisferi tonebi veneci-uri sasaxleebisa, iseve rogorc sax-elebis JReradoba da sasaxleTa vardis-feri marmarilo, iseve rogorc RamiTgondolebis pirquSi silamaze. egona,yovel quCasa Tu quCabandSi SeqspirispersonaJTa aCrdilebs xedavda _vaWars, mavrs, dezdemonas... Tavs xe-ibrad aRar grZnobda, iq, sadac siaruligondolebis nel srials Seecvala.

veneciis respublika aRar arsebobda.wminda markozis taZris frTiani lome-bi aRarc doJebs udgnen mcvelebad daaRarc aTTa sabWos. rogorc milanSi,aqac avstrielTa mmarTveloba iyo, aqacmeternixi ganagebda yvelafers. magramqalaqi mxiaruli da avxorci rCeboda.wminda markozis moedanze mdebare kafesavse iyo xalxiT. veneciaSi rva Teatriiyo /meti, vidre londonSi; meti, vidreparizSi/. italiis sazogadoeba conver-sazioni-ebSi iyo gaerTianebuli da yve-laze brwyinvaled grafinia albricissaloni iTvleboda, romelsac ital-ielebi `italiel baronesa de stals~eZaxdnen. grafiniam izruna, rom dauy-ovnebliv mieyvanaT masTan `inglisis

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pirveli poeti~. ramdenime kaci ijda pa-tara sastumro oTaxSi da wyals svamda.hobhauzs es conversazioni sacodav ms-gavsebad eCvena kopes salonisa, oRond,ai, salonis diasaxlisi ki Zalze momxi-blavi Canda.

4 dekembers megobrebi erTmaneTs da-Sordnen. hobhauzi romSi gaemgzavra,baironi veneciaSi darCa, da maSinve se-nior segatis saxlSi TavSesafaric hpo-va da mijnuric~. segati erTi farTleu-liT movaWre kaci iyo, freceriaze /wmin-da markozis taZris mezobeli erTi gr-Zeli da viwro quCaa/ fardulic hqonda,firniSze ewera `Corno~.183 male mismaqarglebma am sityvas ìnglese~184 miu-mates. segats vaWroba cudad miudioda,samagierod, coli hyavda axalgazrda dalamazi. garda amisa, qali kargadac mRe-roda, misi xmis gamo col-qmari segate-bisTvis veneciis aristokratiis yvelasaxlis kari Ria iyo. mariana segetim Se-Zlo da baironi daajera, Cemi pirvelimijnuri xaro. veneciaSi is xarb da ad-vilad xelmisawvdom qalad miaCndaT,magram baironi moxibluli iyo misiT: aqdabinavebis pirvelsave dRes qalbato-ni segati Semiyvarda da axlac miyvars,radgan lamazia, sasiamovno da veneci-urad laparakobs, rac Zalian marTobs;kidev imitom, rom Zalian miamitia da Sem-iZlia, roca momesurveba maSin vnaxo dasiyvaruli gaviziaroT, raic Cems tem-peraments kargad miesadageba~.

mokled, bairons igi Taviseburad uy-varda, naxevrad santimentalurad, nax-evrad agdebulad, rogorc erTguliZaRli uyvarT xolme, cxeni an tomasmuris simRera eyvareboda. mxiaruliqali iyo da bairons moswonda es; Cumiiyo, Tuki baironi naRvlobda, _ xelzemiCveuli mSvenieri cxoveli gaxldaT.alpebi, `manfredze~ muSaoba, italiisambebi, im Sinagan SfoTvas umSvidebda,diodatSi yofnisas masSi odnavi Caxed-visac rom eSinoda. aRar itanjeboda,yovel SemTxvevaSi, sakuTari tanjviTsiamovnebas mainc aRar iRebda. am ucx-oeli qalis layboba “Tavisi mSvenierisacodavi laTinuriT” aRgznebis miyuCe-baSi exmareboda. fizikuri daRlilo-bisTvis, raic vnebaTa Semotevisgan Tav-

183. rqa /ital/.184. ìnglisuri~ /ital./.

dacvis saukeTeso saSualebaa, avstriu-li fortis komendants oTxi cxeni gamo-arTva da yoveldRe lidoSi mihqroda,miwis viwro zolze da adriatikis tal-Rebi misi cxenis fexebTan Relavda.

misi gondola yoveldRe Cerdebodasomxur monasterTan. berebs daumegobr-da da maT patara kunZulze, iudas xee-biT, kviparosebiTa da forToxlis xee-biT rom iyo dafaruli, misvla uyvarda.ayvavebul savanes gaivlida, oTaxSi Sev-idoda, sadac uamravi xati ekida da mamapaskal aSars inglisur-somxuri grama-tikis SedgenaSi exmareboda. mama aSariszeTisxilisferi saxiT da grZeli wver-is cqeriT tkbeboda. solomonis taZrismTavar qurums amsgavsebda igi mamaaSars. somxuri Zneli ena iyo misTvis, ma-gram am siZneleSi iyo mimzidveloba. asemgonia, aucilebelia, vaiZulo tvini,raTa daamarcxos romelime rTuliamocana, _ es ki yvelaze Znelia, rac aqSemxvedria~.

roca ekiTxebodnen, veneciaSi ramdenxans darCebio, pasuxobda: vfiqrob, siy-varuli da somxuri alfabeti mTelzamTars meyofa~-o. siamovnebiT saub-robda berebTan. maTi gandegiloba Sur-da, maTi myudro TavSesafari da maTisulieri simSvide. mama aSari somxeTzeuyveboda, umtkicebda, bibliuri yvelaavtoritetis Tanaxmad, iq ariso miwierisamoTxe. ufalma icis, sad eZebda masbaironi. iqneb veneciaSi ipova? zogjersjeroda, rom aq ipova. gondolebiTseirnoba, cxenis Weneba, somxuri enisgakveTilebi, marianasTan netaryuCobasapatio manZilze akavebda mis udidesmters _ mowyenilobas. venecielebi masukve ise uyurebdnen, rogorc TavianTiqalaqis bunebriv samkauls. RvTaebrivikomediisa~ da aTeneli nikolo JiroswyalobiT sakmaod kargad laparakobdaitaliurad: èna bevri vici, da ucxo-TaTvis, me aRara var ucxo qveyneli~-o,werda.

rogorc odesRac saberZneTSi, ax-lac, isev mowyvetili Tavis qveyanas,moswyda yovelgvar inglisursac. ing-liselebisgan moSorebuls, zogjer su-lis siRrmeSi, inglisuri avtoriteticaviwydeboda. `rom SemeZlos aseTaddavrCe, rogoric aq, axla var, ara mar-to bednieri viqnebodi, dakmayofilebu-lic, es ki, mgoni, Znelia da iSviaTad xde-

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ba. maqvs wignebi, sakmao komforti, mSve-nieri qveyana, ena, romelic sxvaze metadmomwons, bevri gasarTobi, imdeni nacno-bi, ramdensac movisurveb, da lamaziqali, romelic Tavs ar mabezrebs. cx-ovrebas cota ram Tu SerCa, ramac Sei-Zleba cnobismoyvareoba aRmiZras, cotarames Tu SemomTavazebs iseTs, rac arminaxavs an monawileoba ar mimiRia, _Cemi mxridan, didi sisulele iqnebodaiRbals vebrZolo imis gamo, rom ar moi-surva da ar gamomyva Tan; Tumca amaSidamnaSave nawilobriv mec viyavi. Tu ax-landeli gagrZeldeba, warsuls davemS-vidobebi da SegiZliaT, micvalebuladCamTvaloT, radgan sakuTari nebiT ara-sodes davubrundebi Tqvens metismetadviwro kunZuls~.

karnavalis droc dadga, saukeTesoxana veneciisa, Jami maskaradebisa, sere-nadebisa, moulodneli gamosvlebisa,idumalebebisa, Jami sayvareli mijnure-bisa da ara qmrebisa, dro, roca qalebimomavali marxvis dawyebamde maragsikeTeben. baironi sakmaod kargad icnob-da am SavTvala veneciel qalebs. Ti-Toeuls, sul mcire, erTi amoroso185

mainc hyavda: isini, visac marTla erTisatrfo hyavda, patiosan qalad miiC-nevdnen da karnavalis dros im erTsacsxviTi scvlidnen. mxolod mariana iyoTavisi lamazi inliseliT kmayofili damxolod imaze fiqrobda, rogorme didx-ans SeenarCunebina igi.

feradovani kostiumebi, Turqebi,ebraelebi, berZnebi, romaelebi Sav gon-dolebs JriamuliT acocxlebdnen. amcxovrebis cekvis ritmebs misca Tavibaironmac. tomas murisadmi miweril miswerils veneciuri gitarasaviT mRerod-nen:

`netav axla ras akeTeb,ehei, tomas mur?netav axla ras akeTeb,ehei, tomas mur?oxrav sadme Tu qals etrfi,leqsebs wer Tu saxels eltvi,arTob vinmes Tu Tavs esxmi,romels, tomas mur?

magram karnavali modis,

ehei, tomas mur!karnavali kars momdgara,ehei, tomas mur!niRbebiT da fanfarebiT,zarebiT da gamalebiT,gitarebiT, dafdafebiT,ehei, tomas mur!~186

bnel kuTxeebSi dilamde ismoda sim-Rerebisa da kocnis xma. mariana dabaironi mTeli Rame erTad seirnobdnen,am dros ki veneciel vaWars `inglisurirqis~ firniSis qveS mSvidad eZina. umS-venieresi dReebi iyo, mere Ramis cx-ovrebam baironi daRala. janmrTelobacnel-nela gauuaresda. iqneb, am Camkv-dari wylisgan ciebac Seeyara? malari-is Seteva, imis msgavsi, pataraobaSi romdaemarTa da, cotas darCa, ar gadaiyo-la? an iqneb, es ukve siberea? ukve oc-dacxra weli Seusrulda. `daSnam ukveqarqaSi gacviTa~, _ ambobda da marianaswarmtac, oRond daRlil leqsebs swer-da.

marxva sawolSi gaatara, Zalian cud-ad iyo da ciebianis bodvebSi emCneoda,rom gardasuli saxeebi isev saSiS Zalebsikrebdnen. ra mouvida ogastas? veraf-riT mimxvdariyo qalis am axal momnanie-bel Jargons:

`mgoni, Tqveni yvela werili miviRe,Cveulebrivad savse ubedurobebiTa daidumalebebiT; magram TanagrZnobisgamocxadeba ar SemiZlia, radgan, sic-ocxles geficebiT, verafriT vigeb, ris-gan itanjebiT: sulieri tkivilebiT Tudamsxvreuli gulis gamo, _ Tqven iyav-iT avad Tu bavSvebi; ras exeba Tqveniidumali da melanqoliuri sifrTxile_ karolina lemTan romans Tu misisklermontis mowmeobas an ledi baironisdidsulovnebas an sxva sicrues... ramacSeiZleba guli gatkinoT, vfiqrob, ukvedidi xania warsulSi darCa; rac Semexe-ba me, gTxovT, Cems TavTan damtovoT~.

cota mogvianebiT:`isev gimeorebT, ukeTesi iqneba

pirdapir amixsnaT mTeli es Tqveni idu-malebebi, vidre miniSnebebis am sule-luri maneriT gaagrZeloT wera. risiTqma gnebavT. sxvam ra unda gaigos ise-Ti, rac Cven ukeTesad ar viciT da risi

185. sayvareli.186. `tomas murs~. Targmna inesa merabiS-

vilma.

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174

damalva gsurT CemTvis? me rac Semexe-ba, ukan arasodes damixevia, _ Tqvensgamo bevri ram davTme, radgan vfiqrob-di, rom Tqveni saxelis gatexas ecde-bodnen, Tumca araferi esaqmebaT imas-Tan, rac iyo im jojoxeTur urCxulzeCems qorwinebamde, romlis sikvdilsacrodesme vnaxav~. es werili ledi baironsgadaegzavna ogastas aseTi komentariT:`aseT naRvlian werilSi ar minaxavs am-deni siave, siZulvili da gulis tkiviliyvelafris mimarT. isRa rCeba, rom eswerili daiwvas. saerTod ki, CemTvisnaTelia, rom is sakuTari TaviT ukmay-ofiloa. sacodavi biWi~.

am qals borotebisa da siavis araferiecxo; mas SeeZlo jojoxeTis tanjvac kibavSvuri titiniT moeyola.

avadmyofobis dros baironma `man-fredis~ mesame aqti daasrula; cota Se-kumSuli ki gamouvida /bairons, goeTe-saviT, ar SeeZlo zebunebrivis didi ma-sis manevrireba/, magram Tavisi filo-sofiiT saintereso. manfredi _ sikvdi-lis winaSe. mezobeli monastris abaticdilobs sakuTar TavTan Searigos igi,_ iqneb es scena gamoZaxili iyo bairo-nis saubrebisa somex berebTan. kaTo-like RvTismsaxuri codvils monanie-basa da mitevebas sTavazobs. `_ sas-jelze ar vlaparakob, Svilo Cemo /Surisgeba mxolod me mekuTvnis, ambobsSemoqmedi/, _ magram eklesia SesaZle-blobas maZlevs, yvelaze didi imedisak-en mimavali gza Sevumsubuqo codvils~.`_ metismetad gviania, _ pasuxobs man-fredi, _ veravin SeZlebs demonisgaZevebas, roca igi _ codvilis sulSia.veravin SeZlebs codvebis mitevebas imadamianisTvis, romlis SigniTac jojox-eTia~. ara, RmerTTan ki ara, sakuTarTavTan ar SeuZlia manfreds Serigeba:

`diax, mamao, mec vzidavdiocnebas guliT;

maRal miznebiT siWabukedavtvirTe Cemi:

msurda, xalxisTvis vyofiliyavganmanaTleblad,

cad avsuliyav _ magram risTvis? es me ar vici...

... amgvari aris es qveyana.mglebis xrovaSi

ar msurs gareva, Tumc SevZlebdi xelmZRvanelobas.

lomi martoa udabnoSi,mec martoda var~

bolo scenaSi jojoxeTidan warmog-zavnili sulebi manfredis daWerasa dawayvanas lamoben. is aZevebs maT:

`dasja ar ZaluZs damnaSaves damnaSavisa!

qvesknels STainTqi, jojoxeTis pirquSo sulo!vici, rom Sen verasodes ver damimoneb,vgrZnob, sulo, Sens uZlurobas. rac Cavidine,Cadenilia. Sen ver SesZleb, rom gaamwvavotanjva Cems gulSi dafaruli: ukvdavi suliTavis Tavs TviTve asamarTlebs, rogorc keTilis,ise boroti zraxvisaTvis, drosa da adgilsar emoneba da sakuTars arsebaSivebednierebis an wamebis wyaros atarebs;mokvdav garsisgan gantvirTuli, ar saWiroebsqveynierebis gardamaval ferTa cvlas igi,magram savsea sixaruliT an mwuxarebiT,romelsac misi ganaRviZebs mexsiereba.Sengan ara var Secdenili da arc SegeZloCemi cduneba an moxibvla, _ me Seni msxverpliara vyofilvar aqamdisin da arc viqnebi.me TviT davRupe Cemi Tavi. am codvisaTvisTavis dasjasac movaxerxeb Sesaferisad;ganifanteniT, naSierno jojoxeTisav!vemorCilebi me sikvdilsa da ara Tqvena!~187

amgvarad, SeliT gatacebuli bairo-ni pirvelad ecada metafizikuri msje-lobebiT codvis daumarcxebeli Seg-

187. manfredi~. Targmna konstantine Wi-WinaZem.

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rZnebis Serigebas skeptikur filosofi-asTan, romelic jojoxeTisa da sasje-lis orTodoqsuli ideebis miRebisuflebas ar iZleoda. man WeSmaritadgasaocari, baironiseburi gadawyve-tileba ipova, sakuTari Tavi centrad daarsad aqcia am sistemisa. baironi Tavadiyo macdunebeli baironisa. da bairon-ma Tavad dasaja baironi baironSi. bai-roni, TviTonve damRupveli baironisa,TviTve iqneba imqveyniuri sasjelibaironisa. jojoxeTi arsebobs, magrames ar iyo mei greis bavSvuri jojoxeTi.jojoxeTi arsebobs, magram igi CvensSigniT aris, da cocxlebi TviTve iZire-bian masSi.

`moxuco! ara yofila sikvdili Zneli...~187

es aris manfredis bolo winadadebaabatisadmi, da es aris, rogorc baironiogastas werda, mTeli morali poemisa~.yvela adamians rodi eSinia sikvdilisa.zogs imitom eSinia misi, rom sicocxleuyvars, sxvebs imitom, rom momavali cx-ovrebisa eSinia. magram adamianuri arse-boba mkacri brZolaa, da arsebobenmgrZnobiare adamianebi, romlebicgamouval Sinagan konfliqtebsgrZnoben, maTTvis sikvdili _ TiTqosdamSvidebis saSualebaa. baironi am ad-amianebs ekuTvnoda. metismetad vaJka-curi iyo imisTvis, rom sicocxles gaq-ceoda, magram metismetad daiRala imi-sTvis, rom sikvdilisa Sineboda; am ucn-auri karnavalis oromtrialSic ardaviwyebia es misTvis akviatebuli azre-bi. da rogorc odesRac niustedis nac-risfer kedlebSi, sikvdilis rokva fra-zebad ifrqveoda mis veneciur TavSesa-farSic.

didi Zalisxmeva dasWirda am mesameaqtis dasawerad. pirveli varianti, yve-la mis megobars susti eCvena. gadaakeTa.bolos, 1817 wlis ivnisSi, drama daibeW-da inglisSi. es sakmaod saxifaTo iyoogastasTvis, radgan manfredis siy-varuli astartasadmi sazogadoebisfriad gamWvirvale braldeba iyo.`aranairi aRiareba ar SeiZleba ase sru-li iyos. _ werda misis vilersi, _ ise

gamWvirvalea, rom mis megobrebs misiuaryofa ver gaubediaT... naxeT Jurnali`The Day and New Times~ 23 ivnisisa? masSididi kritikuli werilia `manfredze~,arcTu cudad dawerili. Cemi azriT,savsea miniSnebebiT ogastaze, Tanacsruliad naTlad~. rac Seexeba ogastas,sabolood iyo moTvinierebuli da ana-belas swerda, ekiTxeboda, ra unda vTq-va `manfredze~ Tu rames mkiTxaveno.`manfredze~ ver ilaparakebT ise, _ up-asuxa anabelam, Tu ar gamoxatavT Tqvensukmayofilebas”.

gazafxulze, roca baironma ukeT ig-rZno Tavi, eqimebma klimatis SecvlaurCies, ciebisgan sabolood romgankurnebuliyo. hobhauzi, romelicager ukve xuTi Tvea romSi iyo da ar-qeologiur saqmianobas misdevda, iqiTeZaxda megobars, Camodio. baironi yoy-manobda. SeiZleba gulubryvilobac iyo,magram marianas mitovebis azri namdvil`karolinaseburad~ aqcevda. qali avad-myofobis dros kargad uvlida. baironimisi erTguli ara yofila, magram SeT-visebiT ki Zalian SeeTvisa. rogorc kivinme Seuyvardeboda, maSinve uazro ime-di uCndeboda, mSvenieri suli vipoveo.mariana segatic ki, venecieli vaWrislmobieri coli, `mSvenieri idealis~xorcSesxma gaxda.

meore mxriv ki, romSi mogzaurobaSesaZleblobas aZlevda daewera Caildharoldis~ meoTxe simRera da gadawyvi-ta medikosebis rCevisTvis egdo yuri.ferara gaiara, sadac `moTqma tasosi~188

dawera da ariostos saflavi inaxula.florenciaSi, yrmaTa musvris~ ferwer-ul tiloze, erTi qali ledi ponsonbismiamsgavsa. fletCeriviT, masac yvelganinglisuri saxeebi elandeboda. romisgzaze trazimenis tbis maxloblad gai-ara. bavSvobaSi mRvdeli patersoni mkv-drebiT mofenil miwaze uyveboda, nak-adulze, romelSic karTagenelebisa daromaelebis sisxli dioda. glexebmaaCvenes es nakaduli, romelsac SerCasaxeli sangvineto.189tba vercxlis fur-cels hgavda. kargad damuSavebuli mind-vrebi da xeTa rigebi idialur peizaJs

188. torkvato taso /1544-1595/ _ ital-ieli poeti.

189. sisxliani.

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187. manfredi~. Targmna konstantine Wi-WinaZem.

176

qmnida.romSic, rogorc yvelgan, or cxovre-

bas eweoda: cxovrebas baironisas da cx-ovrebas Caild haroldisas. baironi,baironis planSi, bevrs dadioda cxeniT,`manfredis~ dawyevlil mesame aqts as-worebda, romelic maris sinklitma190

kerpad uaryo, da murs swerda:`romze arafers getyviT. aRuwerelia

da aq megzuri yvela wignze ukeTesia.guSin lord lansdounTan visadile...TiTqmis mTeli dRe cxeniT davdiodi...rac Seexeba kolizeums, panTeons, wmin-da petres taZars, vatikans, palatins dasxva da sxva _ rogorc zemoT gwerdiT,amaoa gzamkvlevi... belvederis191 apolo-ni ledi adelaida forbs hgavs, _ aseTimsgavseba arasodes minaxavs. vnaxe cocx-ali papi da erTic mkvdari kardinali _orives mSvenieri Sesaxedaoba hqonda...ai, hobhauzic movida, cxenebi Semosasv-lelTan dganan, maS ase _ wavedi~.

moqandake torvaldsens, grafiniaalbricim rom gaugzavna da romliswinaSec baironi poziorobda, bedniere-ba hqonda enaxa misi gardasvlabaironidan Caild haroldSi. baironimoqandakis saxelosnoSi jdeboda daiseT saxes iRebda, romelic saerTod arhgavda imas, rac misTvis bunebrivi iyo.

`_ moxerxebulad xom ar dabrZandeb-iT? _ hkiTxa torvaldsenma, _ aseTipozis miReba ara gWirdebaT. _ CemiCveulebrivi pozaa, _ upasuxa baironma._ oho! _ Tqva torvaldsenma. da bairo-ni iseTi gamoaqandaka, rogoric mas sur-da yofiliyo.

roca biusti daamTavra, baironmaTqva:

_ ar mgavs. me ufro ubeduri saxemaqvs~.

romi saukeTeso adgili iyo `Caildharoldze~ fiqrebisTvis. arsad iyo am-deni baironuli Tema: sidiade da dace-ma, nangrevebi da silamaze, RvTaebrivibanaluroba xvdeboda yovel gzaj-varedinze... cecilius meteliusisas

saflavTan fiqrebi. vin iyo es zviadiqali, am cixe-simagreSi dasvenebuli?umanko da lamazi iyo? erTi imaTganivisac Tavisi mbrZanebeli uyvarda, Tusxvisas amjobinebda? axalgazrda mokv-da, loyaze ukanasknel bavSvurad vard-isfer sxivSeSerCenili, Tu sibereSi mi-icvala, grZel nawnavebSi vercxlisferWaRaraSereuli? imdeni ram hqonda pir-aduli sikvdilTan dakavSirebiT, romguli auCvilda am ucnobi micvalebulismimarT. palatinze ocnebebi. Ramis Cit-ebi qvaTa Soris erTmaneTs esaubrebod-nen, qvebi ki erT dros imperatorTasasaxle iyo... mudmivi morali kacobri-obis mTeli istoriisa: Tavisuflebadidebas badebs, dideba _ simdidres,tiranias, abrunebs barbarosebs da cik-li xelaxla iwyeba... ritorikaa? cxadia.magram ritorebi aucilebelia.kolizeumSi, mTvarian Rames, roca var-skvlavebi veluri yvavilebiT garSemox-veul TaRebqveS caxcaxeben, magiur wre-Si didi micvalebulebi daexetebian daimaT stumroben, vinac tanjva miayena,Tavisi `moraluri klitemnestras~winaaRmdeg, imaT winaaRmdeg, vincgaZevebiT Seuracxyo, Tavis sayvarelRmerTs nemezidas mouxmo da SurisZieb-is aRmniSvnel drosac.

`Caild haroldis~ meoTxe simRera ardauweria, masala mogrovebuli hqondada wasvla SeeZlo. hobhauzs neapolSiSeCereba undoda da mis wayvanasacfiqrobda, magram marianasTan ganSore-buli baironi Tavs ubedurad grZnobda.werili miswera, Cems Sesaxvedrad wamo-dio da veneciaSi masTan erTad dabrun-da.

sicxe iyo da bairons isev ciebisaSeeSinda. veneciis axlos, brentaze,vila `la mira~ iqirava. farTleuliTvaWars kargad gadauxada da marianac Tanwaiyvana. vila ZvelisZveli monasteriyofila. eklesia didi xnis win gamqrala.

mezoblebi xels ar uSlidnen. pirda-pir beberi meqsikeli markizi cxovrob-da oTxmocdaaTi wlisa. gverdiT _frangi, romelmac volteri icoda.mdinare brentaSi yvelaze mSvenivradirekleboda mzis Casvla. neapolidandabrunebuli hobhauzi baironTan Cadisda orive muSaobs. `ucnauria cxovreba,_ Caiwera hobhauzma, _ Zalian mSvidia

190. Zvel saberZneTSi umaRles Tanamde-bobis pirTa kreba.

191. belvederis apoloni _ belvederizogierTi sasaxlis saxelwodebaa, mag. vati-kanis erT-erT sasaxlesac hqvia, iqve inaxe-ba apolonis ganTqmuli qandakeba da hqvia`apolon belvedereli~.

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da komfortuli... baironi kargad damx-vda, mxiarulia da bednieri, dRiTidReukeTaa. dRes saRamos baironi Tavisojaxur saqmeebze melaparaka. Taviscolze ukve aRar fiqrobs _ es ukve mt-kiced aqvs gadawyvetili~. baironi`Caild haroldis~ meoTxe simReras wer-da; hobhauzs, erudit da pedant kacs,`moswyinda Tavisi mecnieruli topogra-fia~ da Caild haroldis istoriulSeniSvnebs akeTebda. arcTu iSviaTadlagunas gadaivlidnen xolme da cxeniTlidoSi Cadiodnen. hobhauzi am gas-eirnebis Seudarebeli momxibvlelobiTtkbeboda: `baironTan erTad lidozevarT. umSvenieresi dRea. maxsendeba, rasixaruliT mivaWenebdiT cxenebs. msub-uqi brizi. baironma miTxra, ledi bairo-ni fiqrobda, rom ar giyvarda... saco-davi, winaaRmdegobiT savse arseba~. asegaiara xuTma netarma Tvem.

2 ianvari, misi qorwinebis wlisTavi /is did mniSvnelobas aniWebda am TariRs/. Caild haroldis~ meoTxe simRera jonhobhauzs uZRvna, eskvairs: `megobars,romelsac didi xania vicnob, romelTanerTadac Soreul mxareebSi vixetiale,romelic avadmyofobisas mivlida damtkiced idga ubedurebebis dros...~.oRond, `Caild haroldis~ bolo simR-eram didi veraferi moigo imiT, rom jonkem hobhauzis uSualo xelmZRvanelo-biT daiwera. mesame, Selis mierSTagonebuli, ufro poeturi iyo. Tum-ca siRrme arc amas aklda: veneciis dide-buli aRwera, gulis SemZvreli mog-onebebi inglisze, Rrma da melanqoli-uri strofebi siyvarulis subieqtur-obaze.

is, rac siyvarulze zusti iyo, pativ-moyvareobasac, amarTlebda. adamianissurvili sagnebis bunebriv msvlelobasar emTxveva. srulyofilebaze vocne-bobT, roca codvis waruSlel laqas va-tarebT. did saqmeebze vocnebobT maSin,roca wvrilmani saZaglobebis msxverp-li vxdebiT. vai rom, baironma Tavad ga-moscada wvrilmanma veragobam rogorgaufuWa cxovreba, romelic surda mS-venieri yofiliyo.

aba, ra unda moexerxebina adamianTaaseTi ubadruki qmedebebisTvis?araferi, Tu sulis siZlieriT ar imbr-Zanebleb am uferulobaze da ar moZebnibunebaSi im bednierebas, rac sazogadoe-

baSi SeuZlebelia. simRera zRvis aRwer-iT daasrula _ erTaderTi erTgulimegobrisa.

maS ase, `Caild haroldi~ daamTavra.magram es erTaderTi samuSao ar iyo misiam xuT TveSi. veneciaSi lordi kiniardiCavida da bairons hukam friris axalipoema Cautana, msubuqi satira, italie-li poetebis mibaZva. bairons poema moe-wona da TviTonac daiwyo imave maneriTveneciuri zRapris wera, romelsac`bepo~ daarqva. es toni mis axal mdgo-mareobas esadageboda; kargi ganwyo-bilebis toni, cinizmi sakuTari leqse-bisadmic ki.

mogvianebiT axalgazrda frangi al-fred de miuse aiTvisebs am baironiseulstils, ise rogorc Tavis droze bairon-ma aiTvisa igi italielebisgan.

qalbaton segatis siyvaruli `lamiraSi~ yofnis bolomdec ki ver gagr-Zelda, da es marianas brali iyo. xarbiaRmoCnda _ mijnuris naCuqari brilian-tebi gayida. baironma briliantebi gam-oisyida da meored aCuqa. qmari segati,drodadro Rirsebis Setevebi romemarTeboda, am zamTars metismetad Zvi-ri daujda. bolos, es satrfialo kavSi-ri Savbnel colqmruls rom ufro dams-gavseboda, marianam eWvianoba daiwyo.

baironi ukve gaurboda. erTxel hob-hauzTan erTad brentas napirebze cxen-iT rom seirnobda, glexebs Soris orimomxiblavi gogona SeamCnia. baironmaerTs, margarita kons uTxra, SevxvdeTo.gogonam upasuxa, mzad var Segiyvaro,qmari myavs da yvela qmriani qali amasakeTebs, magram Cemi qmari (mefunTuSe)Zalian mrisxane kaciao. baironma TavismefunTuSe qals `fornarina~192 SearqvamaSinve da oqros Zalis gamoyenebiTwaiyvana kidec; ocdaori wlisa iyo mar-garita; arc wera icoda, arc kiTxva; ara-sodes Sexvedria baironi amaze primiti-ul qals; da es moewona, Zalian moewona.

Worikana dedakacebma marianas miu-tanes ambavi _ gvian RamiT, sofelSi,baironis cxenis Wixvini ismodao. SeS-foTebulma sulTan-xanumma metoqe ip-ova, Sexvda, wyevla da SeaCvena. margari-tam TeTri Tavsafari moiSora da upa-

192. rafaelis satrfos saxeli, romlismamac mefunTuSe iyo.

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suxa: `Sen misi coli ara xar, arc me varmisi coli. Sen misi dona xar, mec misidona var. Seni qmari rqiania, Cemic ase-Tivea. maS, ra uflebiT msayvedurob?~ amdidebuli monologis mere wavida daqalbatoni segati Sefiqrianebuli da-tova. roca mariana baironTan Civilsmohyva, baironi mixvda, rom gamarjvebamarianas mxareze ar iyo.

1818 wlis ianvarSi hobhauzi inglis-Si unda gamgzavrebuliyo. wasvlis winmegobrebma zeimi gamarTes iseTi, XVIIIsaukunis venecias rom Seefereboda dalidoze gaseirnebisTvis ori momReral-ic iwvies. erTi gondolis cxvirze daj-da, meore kiCoze da tasos leqsebiT am-Rerdnen, rogorc Zveli drois gondo-lierebi. Zilis win hobhauzma, romelsacnaRveli ereoda xolme, roca am ucnaur-sa da momxiblav adamians Sordeboda,Tavis dRiurSi Caiwera: `baironTan gav-atare saRamo, romelmac Tavisi `Caildharoldi~ daamTavra. SuaRameze CemsZvirfas megobars gamoveTxove _ mar-Tlac Zvirfasia CemTvis. vidre davSor-debodiT miTxra, odesRac adamianiviyavi da Zlieri grZnobebi mqonda, daaxla es yvelaferi dasamarebuliao. amwinadadebis pirveli nawilisa mjera.ufali faravdes~.

wavida hobhauzi da gaqra mowmec. sax-ifaToa Tavisufleba baironisTvis; is,rac amas mohyveba, yvelaze Tavawyvetilidro iqneba misi cxovrebisa, xolo mize-zebi zneobrivi uwesobisa friad naTe-lia.

1. ucxouri sazogadoebis gavlenisSesusteba, romelTa azrsacbaironisTvis mainc ar hqonda mniS-vneloba. am msubuqi znis qveyanaSi, imerTaderTi adamianuri urdosganmoSorebuls, romlis pasuxismgebelwevradac grZnobda Tavs, _ is kvlav mar-toxela cxoveli xdeba, romelicaraferze fiqrobs, garda sakuTari sur-vilebis dakmayofilebisa. misi bolo me-gobari ingliseli konsuli hopneri iyo,gonebamaxvili, patara kaci, momxiblaviSveicarieli qalis qmari. magram hop-nerebi, romelTac Tavi baironTan mego-brobiT moswondaT, simarTlis Tqmasver ubedavdnen. amitom ver SesZles hob-hauzis magivroba.

2. marianas mbrZaneblobis dasasru-

li. is isev segatebTan cxovrobda fre-ceriaze, magram misi gataceba margari-ta koniT izrdeboda. tomas murs swer-da: uzarmazar SavTvalebiani venecieligogo... tani iunonasi aqvs _ didi,Zlieri, rogorc piTia; SavTmiani, xuWu-Wa _ im qalTa rigs miekuTvneba, roml-Taganac yvelafris Seqmna SeiZleba. dar-wmunebuli var, xelSi rom xanjali Cavu-do, iq CaarWobs, sadac vetyvi _ imasacgetyvi, mec gamirWobs, Tu Seuracxyofasmivayeneb. momwons cxovelebis es saxesx-vaoba. darwmunebuli var, rom medeamirCevnia, vidre sxva juris qalebi~. eg-ona, cxovelis es saxesxvaoba moswonda,magram, arc misi erTguli yofila. mSi-Sara, nazi, `jeiranis Tvaleba~ qaliufro izidavda da abednierebda.

3. misi inglisuri Semosavlebisdaujerebeli msyidvelobiTi Zalaveneciuri codvis bazarze. Tavisi poe-mebic eyofoda sacxovreblad, simRera-Si aTas girvanqas Rebulobda, gardaamisa, anabelasgan wliuri SemosavalixuTasi funti hqonda, niustedi is iyomihyida uzarmazar Tanxad, oTxmocda-ToTxmeti aTas xuTas funtad Tavisharouel amxanags maior uildmens /`Cemsmarjvniv longia, marcxniv tom uildme-ni~/. pativcemul dugTan /misi bankiri dadaglas kiniardis megobari/ baironikreditiani meanabre gaxldaT.

ketrin gordonisgan memkvidreobiTgamoyolili kuriozuli Tviseba maSinveiCenda Tavs, rogorc ki fuli gauCnde-boda xolme: Zunwi xdeboda, simdablisgareSe, imave dros guluxv adamianadacrCeboda. es dedamisis maneris siZunwegaxldaT: dedamiss SeeZlo qmrisTvis,mere SvilisTvis yvelaferi mieca, racgaaCnda da amave dros ramdenime funtisdaxarjva enana. amaSi dedas hgavda.mudam uyvarda, iqneb memkvidreobiTaciyo, CvenTvis ukve cnobili asketurikvebis reJimis dacva. siamovnebas aniWeb-da, roca kveba ramdenime ekiu ujdebo-da, roca saxlis xarjebs amcirebda dafletCers angariSebs umowmebda. uyvar-da ekonomiiT oqros cexinebiT rocaivseboda yulaba.

siyvarulSi ar vaWrobda. misTvisukve cnobili iyo veneciis resursebi.TiTqmis ukve miatova grafinia albri-cis literaturuli saloni. dadiodagrafinia benconisTanac, sadac ufro

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Tavisufali sazogadoeba ikribeboda,magram qals ZiriTadad ubralo xalxSieZebda. `aq didebuli qalebi gamohyavT.miyvars maTi dialeqti da manerebi.Zalze gulSemZvreli miamitoba aqvT,xolo qalaqis romantikuloba _mZlavri satyuaraa. karg sisxls axlayovelTvis rodi Sexvdebi aristokratqalbatonebSi, is faciolis e.i. Tavs-aburis qveS unda eZio~. im mkvriviqalebiT tkbeboda, `romlebic gladia-torebis gasaCenad gamodgebian~, _ am-bobda baironi. Zalian bevr qals xvdebo-da da Cumad mihyavda `kazinoSi~, radganes Sexvedrebi margarita konisTvis undadaefara, romelic, albaT, Tu gaigebda,metoqeebs daagonjebda. venecielebiyvebodnen, kazinoSi~ cxra muzas inaxav-so, cxadia, es legenda iyo. iseve,rogorc danteze, gaZevebuli ravenaSirom gaivlida, gamvlelebi erTmaneTsmis wvers aCvenebdnen, naxeT erTi, misiwveri jojoxeTis cecxliT aris Set-rusulio.

1818 wlis aprilSi ledi melburnissikvdilis ambavi Seityo. wavida is dro,roca micvalebulis datireba SemeZlo,_ mainc ganvicade ledi melburnissikvdili, yvelaze kargi, yvelaze sasia-movno qalisa, misnairi arc minaxavs, _arc axalgazrda da arc moxuci. magramsaSinelebebi ukve yelSi amomivida, damsgavsi movlenebi mxolod erTgvargaognebas Tu iwvevs CemSi, cuds, cxadia,vidre tkivils... kidev erTi kavSiriTnaklebi gaxda Cemsa da ingliss Soris~.

meore sikvdili, ramac Zalian gaaocada bedisweris rwmena ganumtkica, iyoser samuel romilis, ledi baironis iu-ridiuli mrCevlis sikvdili, romelicganqorwinebis erT-erTi iniciatoriiyo. baironma SurisZiebis qalRmerTsgadasca yvela, vinc am istoriaSi miswinaaRmdeg gamodioda. ledi baironsmiswera:

`ser romilma yeli gamoiWra, dakar-ga coli... sami wlis win im saqmis advoka-ti brZandeboda, romelmac coli wama-rTva... am adamians, azradac ar mosdio-da, roca kanonis safuZvelze guls mi-fleTda, rom ocdaTeqvsmeti Tvec argaivlida da ojaxuri ubedureba miwaSiCadebda... amaod rodi movuxmobdi rom-Si, sazarel nangrevebs Soris mjdari,

nemezidas~. nemezidam mxolod ser sam-ueli gangmira. ledi bairons ki sevdianimogzauroba hqonda.

ledi baironis dRiuri: “sul axlaxanwamovedi niustedidan, saxlSi Sevedi Tuara... Zveli droSebi davinaxe, mas, Tavi-si saxelobis dRes, Cvevad hqondadroSebis gadmofena cixe-darbaziskedlebze. oTaxebi, romlebSic cx-ovrobda, ar Secvlila. aq dabruneba See-Zlo. mitoveba ar emCneva. qali, romel-ic emsaxureboda, nanobda, rom mamuligaiyida: `qorwinebis mere aq unda ecx-ovra. misi coli erTxelac ar Camosula.axla ki saeWvoa, is sacodavi Camovides~.moajirebi da safexurebi, romlebzec isijda... bilikebi, romlebzec seirnob-da... misi oTaxi, saidanac gamosvla verSevZeli da uneburad isev Sevbrundi...~.

inglisidan drodadro Selis wer-ilebsac iRebda. bavSvi, romelsac kleriatarebda, 1817 wlis 12 ianvars daibada.merim mamas auwya es ambavi sakuTar qor-winebasTan erTad. Selimac mowera,baironis gadawyvetilebis molodinSi,meris da klers gogonasTvis alba dau-rqmeviaT. Zalian lamazia, _ Tumca sus-ti agebulebisaa, janmrTeloba kargiaqvs. iseTi WkvianTvalebaa, rom aseT pa-tara bavSvSi arasodes minaxavs. SavTmi-ania, Tvalebi muqi cisferi aqvs da umS-venieresi formis tuCebi~. Seli mieCviaimaTi sigiJeebis tvirTi etarebina, vincuyvarda. magram ramdenime Tvis SemdegmoTxova, lord bairons, rogorc manaRuTqva, ezruna Tavisi SvilisaRzrdaze.

baironi mudam dainteresebuli iyosakuTari gvar-jiSiT da yovelTvis oc-nebobda aRezarda Svili. magram werile-bi, romlebsac kiniards werda am sakiTx-ebze, mudam sakmaod pirquS kontrastsqmnida im haerovan alersTan, rogoricSelim gars Semoavlo albas akvans. `Se-lim momwera /marloudan/ Cems gogon-aze, romelic, rogorc Cans, Zalze lama-zia; Selis ainteresebs da mekiTxeba, ga-mogigzavno Tu arao... gaisarjeT da aqCamomiyvaneT an inglisSi momiwyeTsadme. Cemad vaRiareb da aRvzrdi, sax-elad birons davarqmev /kanonierisganrom gamoirCes/ da alegrad movnaTlav,es veneciuri saxelia~. 1818 wlis martSihobhauzTan gagzavnil werilSi, sadackiTxulobda male gamomigzavniT Tu ara

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niustedis gayidvis aqtebs xelmosawera-do, werda: klerks SeuZlia qaRaldebicCamomitanos da Svilic Camomiyvanos.sTxoveT, geTayva. Seli mas gulm-odgined Seaxvevs kbilis wiTel fxv-nilTan, magneziasTan, kbilis ja-grisebTan da ramdenime karg wignTanerTad~.

roca Seli milanSi Cavida, Sveicari-elma gadiam mamas patara alegra Cauyva-na. baironma naxa, rom gogona marTlacZalian lamazi da Wkviani iyo, mereZalianac amayobda, roca xedavdavenecieli banovanebis sayvareli bavSvirom gaxda. `yvelaze saucxoo is aris,rom ledi bairons ufro hgavs, vidrededamiss, _ imdenad, rom Cveni pa-tivcemuli fletCeri gaocebuli darCa;mec mikvirs. saocaria, ara? ase mgonia,Tavis das, adasac hgavs. mas Zalian cis-feri Tvalebi aqvs, mwiTuri Tma da jo-joxeTuri xasiaTi _ es ukve mamikosgangamohyva~. Zalian bednieri iyo baironeb-is jiSis gogonas naxviT, Tumc ukanono-si, magram mainc baironisa.

XXIXpalaco moCenigo

profesionali don Juani iseTive sa-bediswero saxiT amsxvrevs Tavis suls,rogorc asketi, romlis gamosaxulebacTviTonve aris.

oldos haqsli

`mowyaleo batono! didi mwuxarebiTgauwyebT, Cemi Zvirfasi patronis, Cemilordis gardacvalebas, romelic dResdiliT, daaxloebiT aT saaTze, xangr-Zlivi cieb-cxelebis Semdeg miicvala,rac dardis, zRvaSi banaobis, qalebisada varvara mzis qveS cxeniT seirnobisSedegia, miuxedavad Cemi araerTgzisgafrTxilebisa...~.

aseTi iyo naxevrad komikuri, nax-evrad tragikuli werili, romelic 1818wlis ivnisis bolos baironma hobhauzsgaugzavna da fletCeris saxeli miawera.

magram mxolod sanaxevrod xumrobdabaironi. mariana segatTan ganSorebisSemdeg freceriaze mdebare saxlic mia-tova da did arxze moCenigos samidanerTi sasaxle iqirava, weliwadSi oTxiaTas rvaas frankad. axla Tavisi saxlihqonda, rogorc namdvil veneciels.

TeTri da cisferi spiralebiT /moCeni-goebis ferebi/ damSvenebuli misi gon-dola iqve boZze iyo mibmuli. Sesasv-lelTan, romelsac didi arxis mwvanetalRebi exeTqeboda, stumrebsuzarmazarulvaSiani giganti gondo-lieri tita xvdeboda, romelic karg men-iCbeebs iseve advilad Soulobda,rogorc xelmisawvdom qalebs. gisosebsiqidan ZaRlebis yefa ismoda, maimunTayvirili, Citebis WikWiki, da am xmaursmZlavri xma faravda margarita konisada alegras bavSvuri titini, romelicfornarinasTan am sasaxlis mbrZaneblo-bas iyofda.

pirvelad margarita koni wuTieradTu gamoCndeboda, mere da mere nel-nelaganimtkica mdgomareoba. erTxel, saRa-mos, moCenigos sasaxlis kibeze mjdarinaxa igi baironma. qalma qmarTan dab-runebaze uari Tqva. udardeli fatal-isti baironi, siavis Setevebis Semdeg,mzad iyo xolme Tavis gverdiT moeTminaarseba, romelic exveweboda, neba dam-rTe miyvardeo. margaritam veneciurdialeqtze raRac anekdoti uTxra,gaacina da darCa.

es sisuste baironma Zalian maleinana. fornarina sxva qalebs scemda, xe-lSi igdebda baironis werilebs, kiTxvaiswavla, rom gaego, ra ewera Sig, aSineb-da fletCersa da titas. mTeli saxliuCioda. baironi mimtevebeli kaci iyo.qali awarmoebda angariSebs, meurneobisxarjebic gaanaxevra, da, rac mTavaria,baironi uyvarda _ didi da iSviaTisikeTea. is mZafri sixaruli, romelsacdabrunebul satrfosTan SexvedrisasamJRavnebda, bairons Zu vefxvs agoneb-da, Tavis lekvebs rom xvdeba xolme, damas Tavisi Zu vefxvis sawinaaRmdegoaraferi hqonda. piriqiT. zustad es cx-oveluri, primitiuli xasiaTi, gansx-vavebuli palaco moCenigoSi misi uwes-rigo da TavaSvebuli arsebobisgan, sa-Sualebas aZlevda aseTi arsebobisa arSercxvenoda. roca grZnobiT cxovrob-da, Tavadac itanjeboda da sxvasac aiZu-lebda tanjvas, siamovneba nakleb saxif-aTo eCveneboda.

gaZevebis Semdeg misi cxovrebiseulifilosofia Seicvala. `manfredi~ iyosazogadoebis mier damarcxebuli meam-boxis bolo afeTqeba, individualobisbolo kivili. axla sZulda `korsarica~

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da larac~; ver mimxvdariyo, mkiTxveliam gadaWarbebulsa da yalb xasiaTebsrogor itanda. ramdenime Tve misi say-vareli sakiTxavi volteri iyo. masSisakuTar pesimizms poulobda, oRondkomikuri TvalsazrisiT. kandids SeeZ-lo Caild haroldi gamxdariyo, volt-eri rom ar yofiliyo kandidis mbrZane-beli, volters msjavri rom ar daedovolterisTvis. adamianis bedi tragiku-li Cans, Tu goneba erTaderT arsebasTanigivdeba _ otelo, hamleti, konradi, _iziarebs mis tanjvasa da mrisxanebas. iskomikurad warmogvidgeba, Tudamkvirvebeli erTsa da imave drosaRniSnavs daujerebel egzaltaciascalkeuli adamianisas da yvelasTviserTnair vnebaTa meqanizms. baironma,romelic Tavis mimoweraSi iumoris-tikis genia iyo, aqamde ver gabeda Tavi-si gonebis es Tviseba leqsebSigaemJRavnebina. don JuanSi~, romelzecukve erTi welia muSaobda, bolos dabolos, naxa SesaZlebloba, volterisada ekleziastes es narevi Tavisufladgadmoefrqvia, raic misi azrovnebisCveulebrivi forma iyo.

`don Juani~ unda yofiliyo Tanamed-rove epopea. aqamde bairons arasodeshqonia aseTi naTeli goneba, ufro zus-ti da mamacuri forma. toni `bepodan~aiRo; es gaxldaT poezia, romelSic sak-uTar Tavs dascinoda, romelSic mwareda Zlieri filosofia ifareboda, msub-uq mxiarulebasa da odnav axirebuliriTmebis qveS. is sakuTari mgrZnobiar-obis TavSeukavebel aRtkinebebs didx-ans emorCileboda. simSvidesTan erTadmsjelobebis Zalac Tavis uflebebSiaRsdga. yvirilma da moTqma-Civilmagaira. cxadia, baironi ufro rTuli iyoda mgrZnobiare, vidre volteri. misiTeoriuli filosofia, rogorc volt-erisa, deisturi racionalizmi iyo, ma-gram volters arc kalvinisturi bavS-vobis mogonebebi awuxebda, arc mgrZno-biare temperamentTa Soris konfliqtida, bunebrivia, arc religiur sulebT-an konfliqti. misi azrebis wre naTelida viwro iyo. baironSi unapiro uxilaviufskrulebi _ Savbneli da urCxulebiTdasaxlebuli _ ertya sinaTlis ma-tarebel zonas. volteri sruliad kmay-ofili iyo sakuTari TaviT, roca gamou-vidoda da `saidumloebas aTiode WeS-

maritebiT gasresda~. _ baironi,romelmac codvas gemo gausinja, said-umloebis grZnobas inaxavda. magram sai-dumlom adgili icvala da es aRar iyoimdenad jorj gordon baironis bedis-weris saidumlo, ramdenadac saidumlokacobriobis bediswerisa, amitomac igiuniversaluri da sakacobrio gaxda.

pirveli simRera iyo mxolod avto-biografiuli, oRond uwindeli naRveliaklda. pirvelsave leqsebSi Cndeba ana-bela.

don Juanis deda hgavs mas: maTemati-ka iyo misi sayvareli mecniereba... sity-va-amocana, azri-Teorema...~.

male poema ufro farTo gaxda daufro naTelic. ra saWiroa samyarozeaRSfoTeba? unda icxovro, mokvde, ine-taryuCo, gadasaxadebi gadaixado. esyvelaferi _ TavSesaqcevia, saxifaTo,naRvliani, auSorebeli.

baironis es axali sibrZne raRaciTSeqspiriseul sibrZnes hgavs. Seqspiricmere mixvda, rom adamianuri survili _siyvaruli, pativmoyvareoba _ mxolodda mxolod iluziaa. prosperom qariSx-lidan~ icis, rom cxovreba sizmaria.baironi, Tumca yovelgvari iluziisganTavs gankurnebulad miiCnevda, maincegona, rom axalgazrduli iluzia mSve-nieric aris da aucilebelic, `am qvey-anaze yvelaferze Zvirfasi xar, Sen,pirvelo da mxurvale trfobav...~.

aq ki don Juani ufro santimenta-luri iyo, vidre kandidi. axali baironimoqceuli romantikosi gaxldaT, magrammounaniebeli fantaziori.

hopnerebma Selis misweres, baironmaveneciidan wasvla gadawyvita, Tu kleriCamova, alegras naxvas SeZlebso. alegramoCenigos sasaxleSi aRar iyo. hopnereb-ma bairons agrZnobines, aseT garemoSibavSvis gaCereba uxerxulia da, isicdaumates, masze zrunvas Cven viTavebTo.Seli Camovida, Tan kleri Camoiyvana; vi-dre kleri SvilTan iyo, Seli baironTanwavida. man Tavisi gondoliT lidozewaiyvana, sadac cxenebi eloda. Selim`iulianasa da madaloSi~ aRwera kidecbaironTan saubari. laparakobdnen Rm-erTze, survilis Tavisuflebaze, bedis-weraze. cxadia, baironi fatalizmis,adamianis umweobis Tvalsazrisze idga.

es maTi mudmivi kamaTis sagani iyo.

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Seli miiCnevda, yvelaferi adamianzeadamokidebuli, manve unda Seqmnas Tavi-si cxovrebao; baironi eubneboda,boroteba TavisTavad arsebuli realo-baa, romelzec yovelgvari adamianuriZalisxmeva imsxvrevao. kalvinizmiradikalizmis winaaRmdeg gamodis.

veneciaSi meore mogzaurobis drosSelim baironTan fornarina naxa. misiazri Seuvali iyo. Selis baironiviT arSeeZlo damtkbariyo lamazi cx-ovelebiT, metismetad did pativs scem-da siyvaruls, rom am sanaxaobisTvis gae-Zlo _ rogor eSveba qali martiv avxor-cobamde. cxadia, meri Seli am sakiTxsufro mkacrad udgeboda. jer kidevJenevis tbis piras rom cxovrobdnen, masTavzars scemda baironis manerebiqalebTan mimarTebaSi. Savi kululebiTgarSemortymul saxeze, zizRiani Ri-mili ukrToda mudam. araferia ufrogamoucnobi da bundovani, vidreznekeTili qalis grZnoba don Juanisad-mi. iqneb col-qmari Selebis Tavis qneva-Si, roca moCenigos sasaxlidan gamovid-nen, iyo kidec is mouxelTebeli Tana-grZnoba, albaT, gaurkveveli Suric,meamboxeebi rom iwveven xolme.

magram faqtebma isini swrafad mo-abruna sakuTari simarTlis aRiarebi-sken. yvelanairi epikureizmis sisusteimaSi mdgomareobs, rom adamianSigulisxmobs unars, yovelgvari sulieriaRviris gareSe, iyos zomieri siam-ovnebebSi. SemodgomiT baironi isev Caw-va, saSiSi avadmyofoba Seeyara. eqimebisbrZanebiT, Tavisi lamazmani gaagdo,Tumca did gaWirvebaSi ki Cavarda. qal-ma jer jibis daniT Tavi daiWra, rogorcodesRac karolina lemma, mere arxSi ga-davarda, saidanac gondolierebma am-oiyvanes. rogorc iqna, marto darCabaironi da ukve SeeZlo mkurnaloba.

hansons, romelic dekemberSi Cauvi-da Tavis klients da niustedis aqtebiCautana xelmosawerad, baironi isevavadmyofi daxvda. gancvifrebuli kun-Zuleli veqilebi, hansoni da misi vaJi,sabuTebiT, kbilis jagrisebiTa da kbi-lis wiTeli fxvniliT datvirTuli gon-doliT vardisfer sasaxleebs Sorismicuravdnen. moCenigos sasaxleSimividnen; ZaRlebis, Citebis, meliebis,mglebis galiebs Soris gza gaikvlies damarmarilos kibiT baironis apartament-

ebSi aiyvanes.` _ Well, hanson, _ uTxra baironma,

_ ar megona, Tu ase Sors wamoxvi-dodiT~.

Tvalze cremli moadga bairons.`gasaocari mgrZnobiaroba poetisa,~ _aRniSna axalgazrda hansonma. baironifrCxilebs ikvnetda, _ aseTi Cveva hqon-da, bavSvobidan SemorCenili, _ uamravikiTxva daayara Camosulebs, londonze,megobrebze.

misi saqmeebi kargad midioda. saabatooTxmoci aTas ginead /Tormeti milionifranki/ gaiyida. aqedan mevaxSeebisTvisTormeti aTasi unda miecaT. samocdaeqv-si aTasi ledi baironis wili iyo /sakuTrebis ufleba hqonda, magram Semo-savlebidan sargeblobis ufleba ara/,hansonma kidev Tormeti aTasis angariSe-bi Camoitana. Tavisufali naRdi fuliaRar rCeboda, magram ledi baironissakuTrebidan procentebi, weliwadSi,bairons sami aTas samas funt SemosavalsaZlevda /daaxloebiT oTxasi aTasifranki/. Tu poemebidan miRebul Semo-savalsac mivumatebT /1816 wlidan daw-yebuli marisgan Svidi aTas funtze metimiiRo/, is erT-erTi yvelaze mdidarikaci iyo italiaSi. hansons uTxra,Zalian mixariao, `radgan fuli _ si-Zliere da siamovneba aris, da me igiZalian miyvars~.

mis brinjaosfer kululebs TeTriSeeria. saxe gafiTrebuli, Sesiebuli,gayviTlebuli hqonda; xelebi ki simsu-qnisgan nakecebiT dajirjvlebuli.

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adamianebi imaze xSirad arian bedni-erni, vidre maT surT.

aleni

kidev erTxel gaaZeva gazafxulmaveneciuri cieb-cxeleba. didi arxismsubuqi talRebi ximinjebs elamunebo-da, romlebzec TeTri da lurji spi-ralebi frialebda. fletCeri suqdebo-da. meurneobas ori axali buldogi mi-emata. cecxlgamZle karadaSi cexinebisraodenoba izrdeboda. santimentalis-

193. Tavisi qalbatonis msaxuri raindi.

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tis guli ki ukve dafrinavda da dasaj-dom adgils eZebda. erTma pataravenecielma qalma moxibla poeti; bairo-ni arxSi gadaxta da cdilobda qalisfanjaraSi gadaZromas. qalis friad war-Cinebulma ojaxma bairons patri da pol-icieli miugzavna, _ erTsac da meore-sac yava SesTavaza lordma, da yve-laferi mogvarda. am axalgazrda qalmamosTxova, Sens maTematikoss gaSordio.

` _ gnebavT, _ hkiTxa baironma, _movwamlo?~

qalma ar upasuxa. baironi mziani mi-wis vnebiT ukve damtkbari iyo da amito-mac daubrunda sazogadoebas axali nan-adirevis mosaZebnad.

konversasionze, benconisTan,grafinia gviCioli gaacnes, Zalian axal-gazrda, ticianiseburi, qeraTmiani; umS-venieresi kbilebi hqonia grafinias dauamravi kululi, oRond fexmokleyofila odnav da gasaocari biustis pa-troni. erTi wlis win samoci wlis se-niors gahyolia colad. bairons gaaxsen-da, adrec Sexvedroda am qals, oRondmaSin misi qorwinebidan sami dRe iyogasuli. grafinias arc gamouxatavs, rombaironi SeamCnia; adaTi moiTxovda, ax-algazrda gaTxovil qals erTi weliunda efiqra, vidre CiCisbeis194 airCevda.meored Sexvedrisas qali ukve damarcx-ebuli iyo. `im saRamos saSinlad daR-lili viyavi, _ werda grafinia gviCio-li, _ radgan venecia gvian iZinebs. saR-amoze mxolod graf gviCiolis sur-viliT wavedi, uxalisod... keTilSobi-lurma manerebma, xmis JReradobam, kidevaTasma xiblma lord baironisgan iseTiarseba Seqmna, romelic yvelaze aRmate-bulia, visac me vicnob da Cemze uaR-resad didi STabeWdileba moaxdina~.grafinia benconis salonidan gamosvli-sas, baironma tereza gviCiolis xelSiCumad werili Caudo; paemani dauniSna;qali mivida da amis Semdeg, yoveldRexvdebodnen erTmaneTs.

tereza Tavisufal qalad miiCnevdaTavs. am qveyanaSi colqmrobis dauwere-li kanonebi naTeli da zusti iyo: qal-wuli Teqvsmet wlamde monasterSi iyoCaketili, mere mdidar qmars mouZebnid-

nen; rac ufro beberi iyo qmari, miT metiiyo fasi. gogona zogjer saqmros monas-tris misaRebSic xvdeboda; mere ubed-nieres qalad grZnobda Tavs, sxeulisfasad Tavisuflebas rom ipovida. siy-varulze laparaki zedmeti iyo, arc ammxridan da arc im mxridan. grafi gviCi-oli samoci wlis kaci gaxldaT, rocaterezaze daqorwinda, tereza ki Teqvs-metisa. pirveli dRidanve calke oTax-ebSi cxovrobdnen; coli qmars `ba-tonoo~ ase mimarTavda. grafi Zalze sa-siamovno moxuci iyo, Tumca, xmebi da-dioda, pirveli coli mowamlao, kardi-nali manconic iman moklao. TviTon fri-ad ganaTlebuli gaxldaT, poet alfi-eris megobaric iyo, intriganic da ro-maniaSi yvelaze mdidari mesakuTrec.magram ganaTlebuli moxucisTvisac kiZnelia axalgazrda qalisTvis sasiam-ovno iyos... `siyvaruli aq, _ ambobdabaironi, _ is civi, SezRuduli grZnobarodia, rogorc CrdiloeTSi. aq es cx-ovrebis seriozuli saqmianobaa, moTx-ovnilebaa, aucileblobaa. viRacam zus-ti gansazRvreba misca italiel qals:arseba, romelsac uyvars. isini siy-varulisgan ixocebian, gansakuTrebiTromaeli qalebi~. axalgazrda grafiniamerTgulebis Tavisi vada daamTavra.qmari, romlis ndobac ukve damsaxure-buli hqonda, naklebi simkacriTuyurebda, _ da ukve dro edga, sayvare-li gaeCina.

es Tavgadasavali bevri ramiT hgavdakarolina lemTan Tavgadasavals. gviCi-olebi ufro mxiaruli xalxi iyo, vidremelburnebi. silamaziT tereza sjobdainglisel qals, magram misnair mg-znebare grZnobebs iCenda da misnairivesiZulvilic hqonda sazogadoebriviazrisadmi. kargad aRzrdili qali iyo,laparakobda italiurad da frangulad,bevrs kiTxulobda, mxatvruli kiTxvacSeeZlo leqsebisa, icoda laTini av-torebis citatebi da xatvac exerxebo-da. Tumc es yvelaferi odnav bavSvuriiyo, magram Zalze sasiamovno. dasawyis-Si platonuri sinazis gamoCenis nebasiZleoda Turme, magram metis miRebisimeds ar ukargavda; garantiebi sWirde-boda mxolod.

Tavisi sazogadoebis satrfialokanonebis erTguli, wuTier gatacebasrodi eZebda, erTguli CiCisbei sWirde-

194. italiaSi /XVI-XVIII ss/ didgvarovani,mdidari, gaTxovili qalis mudmivi Tanamgza-vri mamakaci.

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boda. axalgazrda qalisTvis es serio-zuli sakiTxi iyo. vinmes colad gayoladaufiqreblad SeiZleboda, magram say-varlis arCeva _ saxumaro ar iyo. qmarsundoda misi ravenaSi, boloniaSi wayva-na; iq mamulebi hqonda. gahyveba bairo-ni? CiCisbei unda gahyves. don Juani didigaWirvebis winaSe aRmoCnda.

baironi _ hobhauzs: `imedi maqvs,mowyaleo batono, imedi, _ magram Cemiwayvana unda ravenaSi, mere boloniaSi. eskidev araferi, Tu saqme kargaddamTavrdeba. Tu mxolod imedi SemrCe-ba, _ Tu, bolos da bolos, xelidandamisxlteba da fiaskos ganvicdi, _maSin wminda markozis moedanze veRargamovCndebi. am SemTxvevaSi fuliuZluria, radgan grafi zRaprulad mdi-daria. qali lamazia, magram utaqto,xmamaRla iZleva pasuxs, maSin, rocaunda iCurCulos; moxuc mandilosnebT-an asakze laparakobs, maSin, roca am mox-ucebs surT axalgazrda qalebad miiC-nevdnen; zustad dRes saRamos Tavzaridasca benconisTan Sekrebil Tavaziansazogadoebas, roca me mommarTa _`Cemo bairono~-o, am dros ki, danarCenilamazmanebi TvalgafarToebulni mdu-mared Semogvyurebdnen da TavianT pa-tivcemul kavalrebs STabeWdilebebsCurCuliT uziarebdnen... misi erTiwinaswari piroba aseTia _ arasodes wa-vide italiidan. wasvlas arc vapireb,magram profesional CiCisbeid gadaqce-vac ar msurs~.

ravenaSi gamgzavrebamde ramdenimedRiT adre, qali misi sayvareli gaxda.grafinia ise amayobda amiT, rom yvelakonversasionze gamoacxada, ramac ben-conisa da albricis salonebis mravalisaRamo aRgznebuli gaxada da grafi gvi-Cioli, es TavdaWerili kaci, odnav Sea-SfoTa. sabednierod, wyvils veneciamTeli zafxuliT unda mietovebina;grafma coli waiyvana, da darCa baironikidev erTxel Seyvarebuli, ganazebuli,Cafiqrebuli, cinikuri da aRfrTov-anebulic aseTi rom naxa sakuTari Tavi.

rogorc ki grafinia gviCioli rave-naSi Cavida, muceli moeSala. mgzavrobi-sas yoveldRe werda werilebs bairons;eTayvaneboda da axla, roca avad gaxda,exveweboda _ Camodio. baironi yoyman-obda, eWvic RrRnida, sakuTar TavsekiTxeboda, netav, visi iyo is bavSvio.misi? ara, cxadia, grafis. SeiZleba. qali

aRuTqvamda, Tu Camoxval, Cems saxlSiicxovrebo. miuxedavad imisa, rom qal-Ta sakiTxebSi da maT sigiJeebSi didigamocdileba hqonda, mainc sagonebel-Si Caagdo aseTma gambedaobam. `rqebidaadga papis moxeles, missave sakuTarsaxlSi, Tanac maSin, roca ici, rom ammoxelem, kandidiviT, im qveynad gaist-umra ori adamiani da aqedan erTimRvdelmsaxuri. es cota ar iyos, CemiudanaSaulobisTvis metismetad bevria,miT umetes, rom amisTvis sxva adgilebicbevria da arcTu cudi. es momxiblaviqali iviwyebs, rom SeiZleba kacsdaustvino da saiTac gnebavT iqiTgaiqceva, oRond manamde, sanam... is anveneciaSi unda yofiliyo nakleb didsu-lovani an ravenaSi unda iyos nakleb mo-mTxovni”.

magram baironma kargad qalebis sur-vilebis dacinva icoda mxolod, gac-ilebiT uaresad icoda maTTvis winaaRm-degobis gaweva, _ ase rom, is ukve rave-nis gzas adga. sicxe iyo. gzebze mtveriido. `me rom kacTaSoris yvelaze erT-guli ar viyo, paduuri mtvris ylapvismagivrad axla lidoze viqnebodi sa-curaod”. diax, magram yvelaze erTguliar iyo, midioda da TavisTvis buzRuneb-da, naxevrad gulmosuli, naxevrad kmay-ofili, Tan boloniel qalebsuTvalTvalebda, kardinal-legatiswiTeli windebis mzeriTac datkba, ma-gram yvelaze metad feraraSi, de la Cer-tozis sasaflaoze nanaxma orma epita-fiam aRafrTovana.

ravena unda moswoneboda, patara,idumali qalaqi, romelic Tavis viwroda gril quCebSi barbarosuli imperiisnaSTebs inaxavda. qalaqi, sadac franCes-ka cxovrobda, sadac gaZevebuli dantecxovrobda. sastumrodan ramdenimenabijze Seuxedav gumbaTs Seefarebinapoetis neSti. cxeniT seirnobisTvis _uzarmazari fiWvis tye zRvamde gadaW-imuliyo, odesRac zRviT dafaruli, daromis flotic Ruzas aq uSvebda. cno-bili tye iyo ravenisa, da baironi tyisada zRvis martoul mdumarebas SeeTvi-sa, sadac mxolod WriWinebis xma ismoda.

misma Casvlam qalaqi aaRelva. grafimaSinve sastumroSi eaxla, TavazianadsaxlSi miipatiJa, Cemi coli inaxule,iqneb Tqvenma uganaTlebulesobam cotagaarTos, radgan avad aris da rogorcetyoba, seriozuladaco. gviCiolebissasaxle, didi nacrisferi Senoba, ram-

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denime aseuli metriT iyo daSorebulisastumrodan. baironi mivida da gulicauCuyda. qalSi ise araferi izidavda,rogorc sisuste. tereza iwva, axveleb-da da sisxls ayolebda naxvels. mis sas-TumalTan moewyo da Zalze mzrunvelmomvleladac iqca; magram odnav Relav-da kidec, yovel wams eloda, grafisromelime msaxuri rodis gauyrida xan-jals yelSi. mere ra! sikvdili xomrodesme mainc mova. is ki, arc ise cudiiqneba, _ mokvde terezasTvis. monadiqca da bednieri iyo. roca veneciaSimidioda, hobhauzma uwinaswarmetyvela,kidev erTxel moxvdebio qalis Zalau-flebis qveS; isedac midrekili iyo dawinaswarmetyvelebis sjeroda _ da ai,aRusrulda kidec.

erTis eSinoda mxolod, _ tereza armomkvdariyo. `yvelas, adamiansa Tu sa-gans, ase emarTeba, vis mimarTac namdvilsiyvaruls vgrZnob... ver gavufrTxil-di ZaRls, romelsac vuyvardi daromelic miyvarda...~. Tu Cems axlandelmica-s195 rame mouva, maSin Cems vnebaTasamyaroSi yvelaferi damTavrdeba _ esCemi bolo siyvarulia. rac Seexebagaryvnilebas, mZuls, mezizReba, racsruliad bunebrivia iseTi adamian-isTvis, romelic ise cxovrobda,rogorc me vcxovrobdi. am biwierebidanerTi ram mainc miviRe, is, rom axla miy-vars, am sityvis namdvili gagebiT. esiqneba Cemi bolo romani~.

veneciidan megobari gamoiZaxa, pro-fesori aglieti, qalbaton gviCiolisgasasinjad. aglietim mkurnalobagaugrZela, da es mkurnaloba baironisvizitebi gaxldaT. `auwerelma bed-nierebam, rasac es vizitebi maniWebda,iseTi didebuli zemoqmedeba moaxdinaCems janmrTelobaze~, _ ambobdagrafinia gviCioli... rom SeZlo da isevgaxda misi satrfo; es yvelaferi iqve,sasaxleSi xdeboda. moaxle gogo, axal-gazrda zangi da terezas megobari qalixels uwyobdnen am siyvaruls. saxifaTomouridebloba iyo, radgan erTxelacgrafi, kari Caketili rom daxvda, Zalzegaocda.

magram grafi gviCioli gamoucnobikaci brZandeboda. am incidentis miuxe-davad baironTan mainc sagangebo viz-itebiT dadioda, eqvscxenSebmuli dide-

buli etliT dahyavda saseirnod; rave-nis mcxovreblebi ki am megobrobazeironiiTa da zizRiT laparakobdnen.grafi yvelaze mdidari memamule ki gax-ldaT romaniaSi, magram yvelaze popu-laruli ar iyo.

magram, gana grafze laparaki Rirda?bairons Tavisi cxenebi Camouyvanes daisic yoveldRe tyeSi dadioda saseirn-od. mijnurs roca undoda, maSin xvdebo-da. yoveli dRiT cxovrobda da siam-ovnebda es cxovreba, momavalze fiqriar surda. roca qalbatoni gviCioliukeT Seiqna, brZana poni SemikazmeTo damasTan erTad wavida saseirnod; Slapadaixura italieli pulCinelosaviT196

da amorZalis cisferi kostiumi Caicva.qali gulubryvilo da RviTsmosavi iyo.bairons aswavlida, gavCerdeT da vilo-coTo, roca Zveli bazilikebis zarebive, aria-s saaTis dadgomas iuwyebodnen.

moswonda, misi satrfo kaTolike romiyo da morwmune. uolter skoti marTa-li brZandeboda, roca raRac saerTosxedavda baironis sulier moTxovnile-bebsa da romis eklesiis brwyinvale wes-Cvevebs Soris; Tavis qaliSvil alegraskaTolikuri rwmeniT zrdida. rocatereza umoZraod da mdumared usmendagalobas, isic, religiuri eqstaziTSepyrobili, yurs ugdebda mis irgvlivmoWriWine WriWinebs. qalbatoni gviCio-li feraraSi daweril `tasos moTqmas~icnobda da bairons mosTxova ravenelgaZevebulisTvisac eZRvna poema. am mor-Cilma mijnurma `dantes winaswar-metyveleba~ dawera; daamTavra Tu ara,SeyvarebulTan erTad florencielissaflavze wavida sapiligrimod. grafin-ia gviCioli SavebSi gamoewyo, baironmaTavisi moqarguli mundiri Caicva.ekvderSi Sevidnen; baironma Tavisi wig-ni saflavze dado, gulxeldakrefiliidga da saflavs dahyurebda manamde,vidre misi megobari loculobda. ufroda ufro metad eTviseboda Tavismijnurs. es sapatio gamarjveba gaxl-daT, tereza dabadebiT grafinia gambabrZandeboda, lamazi, ugonod Seyvare-buli, Wkviani _ yovel SemTxvevaSi,bairons ase egona _ da monastridan ax-lad gamosuli gogonas kvalobaze sak-maod ganaTlebulic. iqneb terezasTvis

195. megobari qali./ital./196. italiuri niRbebis komediis person-

aJi. xumara.

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mkacri Sefaseba mieca, ucxoeli rom aryofiliyo, magram aq TavSesaqcevi egzo-tizmic Tavis rols TamaSobda, ucxoenaze warmoTqmul ukbilo xumrobasacki sasiamovnos rom xdis. ise ki, qalmaZlivs icoda inglisuri ena; misi leqse-bidan erT sityvasac ver igebda. magrammisTvis is poeti iyo, siyvarulisTvisSeqmnili adamiani. qalma misgan gmirulisaxe Seqmna da es saxe uyvarda. ar undo-da masSi cinikosi daenaxa, _ undoda ismisi raindi yofiliyo, nazi, aramiwieri,_ erTi sityviT iseTi, rogoric qalssurs iyos misi mijnuri. baironma tere-zas ki dauTmo, magram mainc eSinodasasacilo ar gamovCndeo, Tumca siam-ovnebda, radgan grafinia gviCioli imbairons agonebda, harouel Tu niust-edel bairons, TviTonve rom moswonda.da mzad iyo yvela sigiJis Casadenad. TuCems meuRles SexvdebiT, _ werda ogas-tas, _ uTxariT, rom kidev minda daqor-wineba, da radgan masac albaT es surs,xom ar SeiZleba romelime SotlandiurikanoniT amis gakeTeba ise, rom mis Seu-bRalav patiosnebas Seuracxyofa ar mi-adges~. magram terezas azriT, qmris mo-tyueba movaleoba iyo, xolo misi mi-toveba _ danaSauli.

bolos da bolos, gviCiolebi bolo-niaSi gaemgzavrnen, radgan grafs Tavi-si samflobelo unda Semoevlo. sruli-ad moSinaurebuli baironi meore dResveukan gahyva maT, da boloniaSic igivecxovreba gagrZelda. sasaxleSi aparta-mentebi iqirava da alegra gamoixmoveneciidan. patara arTobda mas,sasacilod laparakobda italiurad daase egebeboda mamas: Bon, di papa~.197 ogas-tas hgavda, namdvili naSieri iyobaironebisa; aso r~-s warmoTqma ar See-Zlo, imanWeboda baironiviT, nikapzeRrmulic hqonda, TiTqmis mudam winwamoweuli warbebic, Zalian TeTri kani,Zalian nazi xma, musikis gasaocari siy-varuli da mtkice nebisyofa yvelafer-Si. Zalze TavSesaqcevi iyo imis yureba,Tu mis gverdiT rogor izrdeboda amaxirebuli, ucnauri jiSis axali rto.baironi TamaSobda masTan, cxeniT da-dioda, baRSi seirnobda _ mewamulis-frad simwifeSi Sesuli mtevnebisCardaxqveS, SadrevanTan jdeboda, me-

baResTan saubrobda, mere kampo-santo-Si midioda mesaflavesTan salaybod,romelsac mTel boloniaSi yvelazelamazi gogo hyavda.

`Tavs viqcev am TxuTmetiode wlislamazi, umanko saxisa da im Tavis qalebsSoris kontrastis cqeriT, romlebiTacmesaflavem ramdenime niSi aavso. iq ariserTi Tavis qala, 1766 wliT daTariRe-buli /rogorc gadmocema gvauwyebs/,odesRac yvelaze momxiblavi, yvelazekeTilSobili da yvelaze mediduri saxeyofila mTels boloniaSi. roca am Tavisqalasa da am gogos vuyureb, vfiqrob,ras warmoadgenda es Tavis qala, da radiqceva mere es gogo, _ ara, ar minda, CemoZvirfaso mari, SokSi CagagdoT, argetyviT imas, rac TavSi momdis. gana su-lerTi ar aris, rac mogviva Cven, wveri-an mamakacebs, magram sasiamovno rodiaimaze fiqri, rom qali ufro dRemoklea,vidre lamazi xe~.

melanqoliuri azrebia, magram Tvi-Tonac xom melanqoliuri iyo... ravena,mere bolonia... ukve Rlida CiCisbeis xe-loba. dros ki `biwierad da sasiamovn-od~ atarebda, rogorc TviTon ambobda,magram sicarielis SegrZneba uZlierde-boda. es qalbatoni gviCiolis brali argaxldaT. qali axalgazrda iyo, Tava-ziani, erTguli, magram TviTon mwaredgrZnobda, rom adamianma Tavisi cxovre-ba qalis fexebTan garTxmulma ar undaflangos... ocdaTerTmeti weli _ ragaakeTa? siyvaruli? `don Juanis~ mesa-me simRera? `saubedurod, mudam us-aqmuri viyavi, perspeqtivaSi swrafidacema melis...~. moqmedeba... moqmedeba...moqmedeba... magram, rogor imoqmedos?inglisSi saarCevno reformiT dakav-des? ara, im qveyanaSi, saidanac gamo-aZeves, araferi esaqmeba. kidev erTxelundoda iq Casvla da mere samxreTamerikaSi gamgzavreba samudamod da-sasaxleblad. gazeTidan venesuelismTavrobis gancxadebac amoWra, ucxo-elebs, vinc maTTan dasaxldeboda, SeRa-vaTebs rom sTavazobda. bolivari, Tavi-si xalxis gamaTavisuflebeli, erT-erTi misi gmiri iyo.

`garwmunebT, es Zalian seriozuliada amaze didi xania vfiqrob, Cemi dRi-uris nawyvetebidanac, romelsac gigza-vniT, SeityobT amas... Cems ukanonoSvilTan, alegrasTan erTad waval... Cemskaravs samudamod iq davdgam. italiajer ar momwyenia, magram aq an CiCisbei197. `dRe mSvidobisa, mama~. /ital./

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unda iyo an duetebis momRerali an op-eris mcodne _ an araferi. am xe-lovnebebSi raRac warmatebas ki mi-vaRwie, magram unda vaRiaro, rom raRacerTgvar lpobas vgrZnob. ukeTesiamouxerxebeli plantatori iyos kaci,gamoucdeli kolonisti _ ukeTesia,monadire iyo an rac gnebavT, oRond qa-lis marao ar matarebina... qalebi miy-vars _ RmerTia mowme, _ magram, racufro metad mimonebs es sistema, aq romdaaweses, miT ufro sazizRrad meCvene-ba, gansakuTrebiT TurqeTis Semdeg, _aq poligamia.198 yvela upiratesobasqals aniWebs. intrigebis moyvaruliviyavi, qmaric, sarkec qalebisa, _ axlaCiCisbei var _ yvela wmindans gefice-biT! _ ucnaurze ucnauri SegrZnebaa...ara, samSoblo unda movZebno, homo199 da_ Tu SesaZlebelia _ Tavisufali sam-Soblo. jer ocdaTormetisac ara var.kidev SemiZlia wesieri moqalaqe gavxde,mqondes saxli, Sevqmna ojaxi, SeiZlebaukeTesic, vidre pirveli iyo. magramevropaSi Tavisufleba ar aris _ es si-marTlea, _ igi uvargisi nawilia plane-tisa~.

hobhauzma, romelsac es gegma marimacnoba, seriozulad ar miiRo: `Cvenipoeti metismetad keTilia planta-toris kvalobaze... es yvelaze damTx-veuli Canafiqria-o, ase uTxariT... iqxom arc kbilis jagrisi eqneba da arcuarterly Reviews. iq eqneba yvelaferi,rasac ver itans, da araferi, rac uy-vars~. hobhauzs baironi uyvarda da iseeqceoda, rogorc bavSvs.

Tavi rom gaerTo da TundacmoCvenebiTi moqmedebis saxe Seeqmna,baironi Societa Romantica-s, Tavisu-flebis moyvarul italielTa patarawres daukavSirda da misma boloniaSigamoCenam papis samflobeloebis xe-lisuflebis jaSuSTa SeSfoTeba gamoi-wvia. uamravi pataki gaigzavna romispoliciis mTavar direqtorTan boloni-is policiis direqtorisa. iqve iyoaRniSnuli ucnauri megobroba graf gvi-Ciolisa da lord baironis, `cnobililiteratorisa, romlsac liberaluriSexedulebebi da uzarmazari simdidregansakuTrebiT saSiSs xdis~. `arasodes

gamodis saxlidan da ganuwyvetlivwers~, _ windaxedulad aRniSnavda agen-ti, mere ki umatebda: `Tu ggoniaT, rommxolod imiT aris dakavebuli rqebidaadgas gviCiolis, cdebiT, avxorcia daznedacemuli ukiduresad, magram poli-tikaSi meryevi ar iqneba~. londonidanprinci estargazi meternixs swerda:`lordma kestlerma mTxova gagafrTx-iloT, Zvirfaso Tavado, rom aucile-blad miaCnia, mxedvelobidan ar gamogep-aroT lord baironis qcevebi da mimow-era. man /lordi k./ miiRo axali cnobakarbonarebis200 SeTqmulebis Sesaxeb, mi-lanis midamoSi rom emzadebian~. wmindakavSiri mtkice kavSiri iyo.

agvistos bolos gviCiolebma igialegrasTan erTad marto datoves; mar-tod darCenilma ufro mwared igrZnoTavisi cxovrebis sicariele. naRvli-anad iseirna baRSi, magidaze mitovebu-li madam de stalis `korina~ ipova dabolo gverdze miawera:

`Cemo Zvirfaso tereza, Tqvens baRSiwavikiTxe es wigni _ Tqven aq ar iyaviT,sulo Cemo. aq rom yofiliyaviT, albaT,wakiTxvas ver SevZlebdi. es erT-erTiTqveni sayvareli wignia, xolo avtorierT-erTi Cemi megobari gaxlavT; Tqvenam inglisur winadadebebs ver gaigebT dasxvebic ver gaigeben, _ amitomac arvwer italiurad. Tqven im adamianis xe-lweras icnobT, romelsac gatacebiTuyvarxarT, da mixvdebiT, rom Tqvenswignze daxrils, mxolod siyvarulzeSeeZlo fiqri. am sityvaSi, romelic yve-la enaze gansakuTrebiT lamazia, magramufro lamazia Tqvens enaze _ mor mio,_ Caqsovilia mTeli Cemi cxovreba aw damaradis. vgrZnob, varsebob, da meSinia,rom mudam unda viarsebo, raTa aRvasru-lo is, rasac Tqven moisurvebT. Cemibedi Tqvens xelSia, qali xarT, Cvidme-ti wlis qali da ori wlis win datoveTmonasteri. mTeli guliT visurvebdi iqdarCeniliyaviT an, ukidures SemTxveva-Si, ar SegxvedrodiT qorwinebis Semdeg...magram axla gviania. miyvarxarT, TqvencgiyvarvarT _ yovel SemTxvevaSi, aseambobT da ise iqceviT, TiTqos giyvar-varT, raic, yvela SemTxvevaSi, didi nug-eSia. zogjer gamixseneT, roca alpebi da

198. qorwinebis forma, roca TiToeulsSeuZlia erTdroulad ramdenime meuRlehyavdes.

199. saxli.

200. faruli revoluciuri organizaci-is wevrebi. organizacia italiaSi XIX sauku-nis dasawyisSi Seiqmna da italiis gaTavisu-fleba-gaerTianebisTvis ibrZoda.

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okeane erTmaneTs dagvaSorebs _ es kiarasodes moxdeba, Tu Tqven ar moisur-vebT~.

qali mxolod sami dRiT wavida, _ daes sakmarisi aRmoCnda baironisTvis, romterezasTan mimarTebaSi karolinasebrmoqceuliyo. roca gviCiolebis colqm-ruli wyvili boloniaSi dabrunda,grafma Seityo, rom isev ravenaSi ux-mobdnen. grafiniam ganucxada, janmrTe-lobis mdgomareobis gamo Cemi venecia-Si yofna aucilebelia da Tu Tqven verSeZlebT gamoyolas, maSin lordi bairo-ni siamovnebiT daTanxmdeba Cems Tanamg-zavrobaso. grafi gviCioli daTanxmdada mijnurebi boloniidan 1819 wlis 15seqtembers gaemgzavrnen. bednierebiTsavse mogzauroba gaxldaT. roca vene-ciaSi Cavidnen, eqimebma grafiniassofelSi gamgzavreba urCies isev. lordbairons isev hqonda vila la miraSi,Tavazianad dauTmo grafinia gviCiolisda TviTonac mzadyofna gamoTqva iq ecx-ovra.

rogorc mariana segatis dros,veneciis Rrma da Camuqebul wylebSi, ax-lac iseve, mTel msoflioSi umSveniere-sad, irekleboda mzis Casvla. saRamoebigrZeli gaxda. axali ambebi, ucxo enisSeswavla, gamudmebuli SiSi, vinme Tavzear wamosdgomodaT, ravenaSi mTel drosavsebda. martooba ganvadebiT miRebulyovelgvar fantazias male fitavs daCvidmeti wlis qalic male amowuravsyvelafers, rac icis. “es kuren murissityvebs magonebs, _ werda baironi, _gavige, lamazi qali SegirTavT colad.marTla kargia? _ umSvenieresi qmnile-baa! _ miTxariT, geTayva, hm... saRamoo-boT dros rogor atarebT?~ saSinelikiTxvaa, magram pasuxi SeiZleba martiv-ic iyos, roca saqme cols ki ara, say-varels exeba. cxadia, saRamoebi ufrogrZeli iyo, vidre Rameebi. axla ZalzeznekeTili adamiani var da mxolod erTimkacri adiulteriT vifarglebi. nudaiviwyebT, rom es aris yvelaferi, racCemma saTnoebiT aRvsilma meuRlem dam-itova”. adiulteric, iseve rogorcodesRac colqmroba, arcTu iSviaTadaiZulebda mTqnarebas.

sabednierod, masTan tomas muri Cav-ida, romelic lord jon raselTan er-Tad mogzaurobda da 8 oqtombers `lamiras~ ewvia. baironi abazanas iRebda.murs fletCeri Sexvda. bolos Tavisi

siWabukis megobris naxviT uzomod gax-arebuli baironic gamoCnda. poetiZalian alersiani iyo, mxiaruli, magramiseTi moberebuli Canda, murs Tavzaridaeca; is zeSTagoneba daekarga, riTacadre iyo gamorCeuli; bakebi moeSva,radgan terezas eTqva, Tavi musikosisagaqvso; kiserze CamoSvebuli grZeli Tmaucxoelis iers aZlevda. isev lamazi iyo,magram mis saxes igive evolucia ganeca-da, rogoric mis poezias, _ axla ufrometi iumori hqonda da don Juanis mox-erxebuloba, vidre manfredisa da Caildharoldis pirquSi romantizmi. tomasmurs moCneigos sasaxleSi cxovrebaSesTavaza da uTxra, axlave gagacileboveneciaSi, oRond jer grafinia gviCio-li warudgina; murs Wkvian da sasiamovnoqalad eCvena grafinia. didebul tansac-melSi gamowyobilma, uzarmazarulvaSagondolierma titam isini etlSi miiwvia,fuzinaSi ki orive megobari lagunazegadaiyvana.

veneciis gamoCenisas muri aRelda,baironi ki muris CamosvliT iyo aRelve-buli. londonuri cxovreba gaixsenes,mxiarulic da sasaciloc: bednieri sa-Ramoebi kiniardTan, brendi, irlandi-uri simRerebi. baironi im bavSviviT iq-ceoda, romelmac amxanagi ipova. bolospalaco moCenigoSic mividnen. cota ga-iares da baironma iyvira: `frTxilad,ZaRli!~ mere isev: `frTxilad, maimuni!~mere kars, romelsac gaReba ar undoda,fexi daartya da ise gaaRo, da mursuTxra; ai, Cemi oTaxi, axla Senia~. murisveneciaSi yofnisas yovel dRes masTanatarebda da mxolod saRamoTi brunde-boda la miraSi~, Tavisi amica-s sazoga-doebaSi. venecielebi murs evedrebod-nen, bairons seriozulad molaparake-boda, radgan maT adaT-wesebs Seuracx-yofda, sayvarelTan erTad rom cx-ovrobda erT saxlSi. grafinia benconimuTxra: `unda datuqsoT Tqveni me-gobari. am ubedur istoriamde, ise kar-gad iqceoda~.

muris CamosvlisTanave baironisTvisnamdvili ardadegebi daiwyo. bolo sa-Ramos, `la miradan~ sadilobis drosdabrundnen, baironma bednieri mowafissaxiT murs auwya, es Rame grafiniam maCu-qa da ara marto operaSi wamoval, erTa-dac vivaxSmebT, rogorc Zvel droso.`feniCes~201 Semdeg wminda markozis

201. saopero Teatri veneciaSi.

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moedanze punSis dasalevad wavidnen, iqmanamde darCnen, vidre koSkze brinjaoskerpebma Tavisi CaquCebiT Ramis orisaaTi ar dahkres. mere veneciaSi mTvarisSuqze iseirnes didxans. umSvenieresiRame yofila. sasaxleTa qalaqi Taviswylebze yvinTavda ubrwyinvales RamissimSvideSi. muri Rrmad gulSeZruliiyo. baironma mxiaruli toniT saubariSewyvita da mSvidi, Cumi naRveliT ala-parakda.

meore dRes muri `la miraSi~ CavidamegobarTan dasamSvidobeblad. bairon-ma TeTri tyavis patara CanTa misca:

` _ ai, _ uTxra, _ amaSi mari Zvirsgadaixdida, Tqven ki, ase mgonia, eqvspenssac ar gaimetebT.

_ ra aris? _ hkiTxa murma._ Cemi cxovreba da Tavgadasavlebi,

_ miugo baironma, _ Cems sicocxleSiar unda gamoqveyndes, magram Tqven gCu-qniT. rac gindaT, is uyaviT.

murma mxurvale madloba gadauxadada uTxra:

_ Cemi patara tomisTvis saukeTesomemkvidreobaa, riTac XIX saukunisdasasrulis adamianebs gaaocebs...~.

roca gamgzavrebis dro dadga,baironma cxeni moiTxova da muri kargadid manZilze gaacila.

ojaxSi saqmeebi sakmaod cudad mid-ioda. grafi gviCioli, SeiZleba eWvi-anobda kidec, magram aqamde mainc itan-da colis qcevebs. magram 1819 wlis noem-berSi xelSi Cauvarda graf gambas, tere-zas mamis werili, romelSic qaliSvilsurCevda, frTxilad iyavio. grafi gviCi-oli veneciaSi Cavida, coli didebulmdgomareobaSi da iseTi siZulviliTdaxvda, rom sakmaod uxeSi Cxubi mouvi-daT. amjerad, grafma terezas arCevaniSesTavaza _ an qmari, an sayvareli,orive erTad arao. qalma sayvareli air-Cia da bairons gaqceva SesTavaza. `al-baT, mec aseT gadawyvetilebas miviReb-di, _ ambobda baironi, _ oci wlisa romvyofiliyavi da ara ocdaTerTmetis,radgan is miyvarda; magram vicodi, ms-gavsi avantiura misTvis gamousworebe-li Secdoma iqneboda, mTeli ojaxi _gansakuTrebiT misi debi da mama _ saS-inlad ganawyendebodnen, misi debis rep-utaciasac didi ziani miadgeboda. didigaWirvebiT daviyolie, ravenaSi, qmar-Tan dabrunebaze, romelmac aRuTqva _yvelafers daiviwyebda, Tu me mima-tovebda~. Tvalcremliani grafi gviCi-

oli Tavad eaxla bairons.`_ Tu cols miatovebT, _ uTxra

baironma, _ cxadia, CemTan wamoviyvan, esCemi movaleobaa da survilic, Tu saqmeaqamde miva. magram Tu Tqven, rogorcbrZanebT, masTan namdvilad apirebT cx-ovrebas da Zveleburad geyvarebaT, ma-Sin me araTu axal usiamovnebebs armivayeneb Tqvens ojaxs, aramed saerTodwaval alpebidan~.

terezas mwuxareba aRelvebda: `gTx-ovT, gevedrebiT, damSviddeT, _ werdaqals, _ damijereT, sicocxlis bolom-de meyvarebiT... mivemgzavrebi, rom gada-garCinoT; vtoveb qveyanas, romelicuSenod autaneli gaxda!~ gadawyvita,italiaSi aRar darCeniliyo. jer ing-lisSi wavidoda, mere /vin icis/ iqneb,safrangeTSi an amerikaSi, SeerTebulStatebSi, venesuelaSi. ogastas naxavs,ecdeba gaigos, ra daemarTa am miuwv-domel qals.

baironi _ ogastas: `Zvirfaso, siy-varulo Cemo, uyuradRebod moviqeci,werils ar gwerdiT, magram ra meqna? samiwlis ganSorebam da garemos, Cvevebissrulma cvlilebam, ise bevri ram Secva-la, saerTo aRaraferi dagvrCa, erT-gulebisa da naTesaobis garda. arasodesSemiwyvetia da arc Sevwyvet, erTi wami-Tac ki, im usazRvro erTgulebisgrZnobas, romelic mudam makavSirebsTqvenTan da sruliad mikargavs unarsganvicado namdvili siyvaruli sxva ar-sebisadmi, vinc unda iyos igi Tqvens gar-da. Cemo sayvarelo, bevr rameSi varTdamnaSave, _ magram arafers vnanob, gar-da im dawyevlili qorwinebisa da im Tqve-ni uarisa ise gyvarebodiT, rogorcadre giyvardiT. bolomde arc daviwye-ba SemiZlia, arc patieba Tqveni SesaniS-navi mcdelobisa saTnoebad gardaqmnarom moindomeT... guli miskdeba,rogorc ki Cveni xangrZlivi ganSorebamaxsendeba; darwmunebuli var, rom essakmarisi sasjelia Cveni codvebisTvis.dante Tavis `jojoxeTSi~ ufro adamia-nuria, radgan Tavis ubedur Seyvare-bulebs erTad tovebs /franCeska darimini da paolo, romlebic ise cudadrodi iqceodnen, rogorc Cven mov-iqeciT, Tumca sakmaod codvilni iyvnen/, da Tu isini itanjebian, orni mainc ari-an... roca momwerT, Tqvenze miambeT,miTxariT, rom giyvarvarT. raRaceebzeda viRac adamianebze nu damelaparake-biT, isini saerTod ar mainteresebs, in-

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glisi xom CemTvis is qveyanaa, sadacTqven cxovrobT, mis irgvliv ki mxolodzRvaa, erTmaneTisgan rom gvaSorebs.amboben, ganSoreba sust grZnobebshklavs, Zliers ki _ ufro zrdiso, _vai, rom is grZnoba, TqvenTan rom makav-Sirebs, yvela grZnobisa da erTgulebisnakrebia...~.202

terezas gamgzavrebidan ori kvirisganmavlobaSi fiqrobda am qveynis da-tovebas. muris Camosvlam samSoblosada megobrebisadmi natvris naRveli auS-ala. arsebobis yvela wvrilmani samSob-loSi dabrunebis survils uRviZebda.uaitTan kbilebze unda emkurnala, ja-grisebi unda eyida, soda, magnezia, _yvelaferi, rasac amaod iTxovda yovelwerilSi da rasac ratomRac ar ugza-vnidnen. mere yvelaferi am gamgzavreb-is winaaRmdeg aewyo. cieb-cxelebis axa-li Seteva daewyo, mere alegras daemar-Ta cieb-cxeleba, mere ZiZas, gondo-liersa da msaxur qals. moCenigos sasax-leSi daborialobda daRvremili, mar-toxela da avadmyofi bavSvis momvle-lad qceuli. xan gamgzavreba gazafxu-lamde gadado, xan saerTod uars ambob-da. inglisidanac maincadamainc did im-edebs ar aZlevdnen. ogastam ar icoda,ra eqna. ledi baironma ubrZana, Zmas arSexvdeo. ogastam icoda, dabrundebodabaironi da gambedaoba ar eyofoda Zma arenaxa, magram undoda cdunebas gaqceo-da. meSinia, _ werda maris, _ rom Camos-vlis gadawyvetileba amjerad ofiqre-buli aqvs da seriozulia~. da ramdenimeZaxilis niSani, erTimeores miyolebiTdasmuli, mis mousvenrobas xazs usvam-da. ravenadan ki, piriqiT, tereza uxmob-da.

ufalma icis, rogor, magram qalmayvelaferi moawesriga. is isev avad iyo,ver gamomjobindeboda Tu baironi misgverdiT ar iqneboda. mamamisi elapara-ka mis qmars, qmari daTanxmda. terezaeloda Tavis bairons. magram moaxlov-

da dRe, romelic inglisSi gasamgzavre-blad hqonda daniSnuli. moCenigossasaxlis win didi arxis mwvane talRebibargiT datvirTul gondolas atort-manebda. baironi mzad iyo, man ukve xe-lTaTmanic Caicva; alegrac gondolaSiijda, mxolod mas elodnen da mis iar-aRs. am dros uecrad Tqva, Tu saaTiimaze adre dahkravda, vidre mis iaraRsgondolaSi Cadebdnen, aRar wavidoda.dahkra saaTma, da is darCa. gviCiolismiswera:

“siyvarulma gaimarjva. sakuTar Tav-Si im Zalis povna ver SevZeli, romelicim qveyanas, sadac Sen cxovrob, ise mima-tovebinebda, rom erTxel kidev armenaxe... msoflios moqalaqe var _ yve-la qveyana CemTvis erTnairia. imis Sem-deg, rac erTmaneTi SevicaniT, CemTvismudam iyavi Cemi erTaderTi fiqri. meg-ona, SenTvis da Seni ojaxis simSvidis-Tvisac yvelaze ukeTesi Cemi gamgzavre-ba iqneboda... magram Sen gadawyvite, romravenaSi unda davbrunde. movdivar _gavakeTeb yvelafers _ da viqnebi yve-laferi, rasac moisurveb. metis Tqma arSemiZlia!~

XXXI

arsenali gviCiolis sasaxleSi

da Sen, italiav, sabediswero sil-amazis mSvenebis mcvelo...

bednieri iyo, radgan isev naxa Tavisiravena, viwro quCebi, saidumloebebiTmoculi sasaxleebi, kramitissaxuravi-ani bazilikebi, soflebi TavisigauTavebeli SaragzebiT da RvTaebrivitye, xSiri da cocxali~. quCebSi Tovliido. tereza gviCioli miamituri sixaru-liT daxvda. im avadmyof bavSvs hgavda,mkacri mSoblebi, misi gamojanmrTele-ba rom daaCqaron, sayvareli amxanagisnaxvis uflebas aZleven... grafiTavSekavebuli iyo, magram mtruli gan-wyobileba ar hqonda. gambas ojaxi,romelic aqamde viTom am urTierTobashkicxavda, axla bairons, rogorc axlo-bels ise eqceoda. grafma pietro gambam,terezas Zmam, mxurvale da mxiarulmaWabukma, bairons megobruli grZnobebigadauSala. CiCisbei miiRes, rogorcsiZe.

baironi albergo imperialSi~ gaCer-da, romelsac imperatorulisa araferi

202. am werilis sinamdvile arasodesyofila sadavo. magram azrTa sxvadasxvaobaiman gamoiwvia, Tu visdami iyo mimarTuli.amtkicebdnen, TiTqos igi ogastasTvis armiuweria. ase mgonia, am azris dacva SeuZle-belia, radgan winadadeba `precious pieceof reformation~ gameorebulia da komen-tirebuli ledi baironis werilSi, romelicmisis lis miswera 1819 wlis 27 ivniss /avt./.

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ecxo, garda saxelwodebisa. ramden xansdarCeba aq, erTi dRe, erTi kvira, erTiweli? _ ar icis. bediswera misi cxovre-bis ganawess ganagebda. imitom Cavida,rom qalma uxmo. ukan wavidoda, Tu amasmoisurvebdnen. mis siyvarulSi aRarcpirveli dReebis aRtkineba iyo da aRarcganxeTqilebis wvrilmani Sarianoba.qalbatoni gviCiolis fantaziis mdoreda alersiani talRebis dinebas mihyve-boda, saWis gareSe.

alegrac masTan iyo ZiZasTan erTad,uamravi saTamaSoTi garSemortymuli,hopnerebma rom aCuqes. Zalze mouxerx-ebeli iyo bavSviT sastumroSi cxovre-ba da baironmac binis daqiraveba amjo-bina. grafma gviCiolim rom gaigo,baironi binas eZebso, Tavisi sasaxliscariel sarTulze cxovreba SesTavaza.gasaocari winadadebaa, magram moxerxe-buli. baironma veneciidan Tavisi avejigamoiwera da kidev erTxel Casaxlda imWerqveS, sadac misi satrfo cxovrobda.simarTle rom iTqvas, am qmris gagebamaincadamainc advili ar iyo.

rac Seexeba grafinias, is Zalian amay-obda Tavisi mijnuri ingliseliT. mis-Tvis imaze didi siamovneba ar arsebob-da, vidre misi wardgena yvelgan, sadacki SeiZleboda. pirvelsave kviras aiZu-la, amoqarguli mundiri Caecva, daSnaSemoertya da markiz kavalisTan, TavisbiZasTan mejlisze waiyvana. Zalian un-doda Tavis poetTan xelgayrili Se-suliyo mejlisze. bairons ledijerseisTan gamarTuli saRamo gaaxsen-da, afeTqebis~ SeeSinda, magram markizipapis vice-legati da `kidev sxva bevriramis vice~, Zalian Tavazianad Sexvda.baironi aRafrTovana raveneli qalebissilamazem, Wkuam, briliantebma, magramskandalisa mainc eSinoda. es yvelaferiZalze ucnauri iyo, magram Zalze sasia-movnoc. jandabaSi wasula inglisurimorali. rogorc mas egona, is am qveyniszne-Cveulebebis gagebas iwyebda. saer-Tod ki, meaTe mcneba ase iwyeba: `araguli giTqmides colisaTvis moyuasisaSenisa~. erTi rameRa rCeboda sasurveli,magram amao gamodga es survilic, qalieWviani aRmoCnda, rokapiviT, erTgule-bas Txoulobda mijnurisgan, rogorcRirsebis vals.

`aq adamianis xasiaTze imis mixedviTrodi msjeloben, qalebi da kacebi,meuRleebi rogor eqcevian erTmaneTs,aramed imis mixedviT, es qali Tu is kaci

rogor eqceva satrfos an sayvarels~.CiCisbei qmars didi pativiscemiT undamoqceoda; ucxoelebis pirveli STabe-Wdileba is gaxldaT, rom isini naTesav-ebi iyvnen. saSiSroeba is iyo, romrelazione203 an amicizia,204 romelicxuTidan TxuTmet wlamde grZeldeba,arcTu iSviaTad qvrivobamde midis daCveulebriv sposalizio205-Ti mTavrde-ba. mamakacebs qalTa samkaulis sacodaviroli ergoT. romantizmi zeimobs, ma-gram ris fasad? zogjer mkacri iumor-iTac dascinoda baironi sakuTar Tavs:`Salis dakecvis xelovnebaSi seriozu-lad vvarjiSob, did warmatebasac mi-vaRwevdi, ukuRma pirs zemoT rom ar va-qcevde~. Zalze savalalo dasasrulia imadamianisTvis, romelic Tavis drozedidebaze da gmirul saqmeebze ocnebob-da. sakuTar Tavsac SeizizRebda imxvedris gamo, raic gviCiolebis sasax-leSi bedad ergo, Tu ara italielebispolitika, romelmac sulze mouswro dabednieri SemTxveva mieca xifaTisgancdisa.

ukve ramdenime Tve iyo, rac itali-ur politikur moZraobas SeuerTda.mzad iyo italiis TavisuflebisaTvisTavic gaewira, ZiriTadad imitom, romitalia uyvarda da Tavisufleba, nawi-lobriv imitomac, rom sicocxle uyvar-da. boloniaSi Societa Romantica-aswreSi iricxeboda. axla ukve namdvilikarbonari iyo da radgan didi inglise-li didebulis prestiJi saqmes kargadexmareboda, italielebzec ukeT iyopoliciisgan daculi, ravenuli jgufiskarbonarTa meTauric gaxda, romelsacmericani erqva.

im 1820 wels, wminda kavSiris muStiTdaretianebuli evropa, nela modiodagons. espaneTma, revoluciis Semdeg,rogorc iqna, konstitucia miiRo,risTvisac mxolod `moTminebis eqvsiweli da axsna-ganmartebis erTi dRedasWirda~. am magaliTma papis, neapolismefisa da meternixis qveSevrdomebigaamxneva. neapolSi asiode jariskacisyvirilma `gaumarjos mefesa da konsti-tucias!~-o, ise SeaSina mefe, rom 1820wlis 6 ivliss brZanebas moawera xeli dakonstituciuri mmarTveloba SemoiRo.

203. nacnoboba /ital./.204. megobroba /ital./.205. qorwineba /ital./.

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ravenas Senobebis kedlebi warwerebiTdaifara: `gaumarjos respublikas dasikvdili paps!~ ravenas kardinali Tavi-si Zoweulis qveS kankalebda. karabi-nerebi baironis msaxurebis livreebiTaRSfoTebuli iyvnen, radgan zed epo-letebi ekeTaT. baironma aseTi pasuxigascaT, Cemi ojaxis msaxurebi am tansac-mels 1066 wlidan atarebeno da Tavisxalxs ubrZana, Tu Tavs vinme dagesxaT,esroleTo. ravenas quCebSi bavSvebi yvi-rodnen, “gaumarjos Tavisuflebas!”pinetaSi Casuli baironi Tavis ameri-cani-s Sexvda, isini mwyobri nabijiT da-diodnen da mRerodnen: `Cven yvelaniTavisuflebis jariskacebi varT~. mome-salmnen, roca gverdiT Cavuare. mec vu-pasuxe da gza ganvagrZe. es imis maCvene-belia Tu ra ganwyobilebaa italiaSi~. _werilebSi yvela Tavis megobars xmleb-isa da Tofiswamlis gamogzavnas evedre-boda. gviCiolis sasaxleSi arsenalimoewyo _ as ormocdaaTi Tofi hqonda.es yvelaferi mis Zalze did gambedaoba-ze metyvelebs, Tanac anonimur werileb-Si urCevdnen uari eTqva seirnobebze dauon governo-s206 policias ar mindobo-da.

grafi gviCioli mdidari kaci iyo, ma-gram arcTu uvnebi. sifrTxilis gamoyovelgvar mTavrobas scemda pativs. daai, igi ukve amCnevs, rom misi colis sa-trfo cudad aris aRzrdili. sad gag-onila, CiCisbeis sawol oTaxSi rigebadewyos iaraRi da Rirseul saxls arcxv-endeso? man xom Tavisi sasaxlis mTelisarTuli miaqirava am ucxoels da TaviscolTan siarulis neba darTo; Zalianumadur kacad miaCnda baironi. saxlSimxolod SeTqmulebs xedavdnen. yuTebisavse iyo mgznebare proklamaciebiT.mTavrobam `Caild haroldis~ Targmanidaapatimra; yvelgan ise kiTxulobdnendantesadmi miZRvnil baironis poemiscitatebs, rogorc revoluciur himns.avstriis policiis saidumlo patakebSiromis policiis mmarTveli gviCiolizewers, rom `conosciuto per uno die piu ferociperturbatori della pubblica tranquillita e stretta-mente legato con il detto lord Byron~.207 Stret-tamente legato iumors moklebuli

kaci rodi iyo. kidev erTxel ubrZanagrafma Tavis cols _ Cven ors SoriserTi airCieo. qali aRSfoTda. airCios?colebs rodis aqeT aiZuleben arCevas?baironi terezas evedreboda, frTx-ilad iyavi, grafma SeiZleba ganqorwine-ba moiTxovos, xolo qmarganaSvebi qaliscxovrebis pirobebi romaniaSi gausa-Zlisi ariso. saeklesio xelisuflebaqals nebas ar aZlevda qmris gareSe ecx-ovra sayvarelTan. magram don Juanismomxiblavi moraluri msjelobebi amaoiyo. kerpi tereza Tavisas ambobda: `cx-adia, masTan darCena msurs, Tu CemTanyofnaSi xels ar SegiSliT. rogorcgeneboT, magram gaugonari ambaviapirdapir, rom me, erTaderTi qali viyomTels romaniaSi, romelic ver gabedavsda Tavis amico-s ver iyoliebs~.

mTeli ravena mijnurTa mxareze iyo:gambebi, imitom rom gviCiolis veritandnen. xalxi, gansakuTrebiT qalebi,imitom, rom rogorc baironi ambobda,`isini mudam damnaSaveTa mxareze arian~,da kidev imitom, rom mas ravenas Raribe-bi Tayvans scemdnen. am mxaris Raribebsexmareboda, fuls aZlevda moxucqalebs, eklesiebs, monastrebs, da Tusadme orRani gafuWdeboda, SekeTebissafasurs is ixdida, Tu sadme koSkisaRdgena iyo saWiro, TviTonve sTavazob-da qalaqs mis aRdgenas. garda amisa, yve-lam icoda, rom igi Tavisufali itali-is mxareze iyo. xma erisa gamarjvebasuwinaswarmetyvelebda.

kuriozuli is iyo, rom ganqorwinebagambebma moiTxoves, ojaxis mZimeSeuarcxyofis gamo da ara grafma. gvi-Cioli, piriqiT, winaaRmdegi iyo, radganqvrivebis nawilSi moxvedra ar surda.saqme papis sasamarTloSi gadavida daarcTu patara xmauri gamoiwvia. boloorasi wlis ganmavlobaSi msgavsi ambaviravenaSi ar momxdara. advokatebi uarsambobdnen gviCiolis sasargeblodmuSaobaze da acxadebdnen an sulelia anTaRliTio; sulelia, Tu cxrameti TvedasWirda imis gasagebad, rac yve-lasTvis iyo cnobili; TaRliTia _ Tuigi amas iTmendao. bolos da bolos, pap-ma ivlisis TveSi ganqorwineba daamtki-ca. grafinias mamis saxlSi unda ecxovra,graf gambasTan, da bairons misi naxvadidi SezRudviT SeeZlo. baironma pen-siis daniSvna SesTavaza, magram sasa-marTlom daadgina, grafi gviCiolivaldebulia colis Senaxvaze izrunoso,

206. keTili mTavroba /ital./.207. `cnobilia, rogorc sazogadoebrivi

wesrigis yvelaze saSineli damrRvevi damWidrod aris dakavSirebuli xsenebullord baironTan~. /ital./.

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terezas ki, es sulac ar ainteresebda.odesRac baironi britanuli pirobi-

Tobebis pirquS qalRmerTs swyevlidada aginebda, axla papis sasamarTlositaliuri pirobiTobis msxverpli gax-da. grafinia gviCioli kargi gvariSviliiyo, baironis gamo /radgan aseTi ramemamakacis gareSe ar xdeba/ dakargaqmari; movaleobis grZnobis gulisTvis,baironi Tavs valdebulad miiCnevda,colad moeyvana tereza, Tu mdgomareo-ba saSualebas miscemda, _ zustad iseve,rogorc odesRac Tavi movaled CaTva-la Tavisi bedi karolina lemTan daekav-Sirebina.

baironi _ ogastas: `es /rogorcafiSebze aweria/ Cemi bolo warmod-genaa... xom gesmiT, roca qali sayvarl-is gulisTvis qmars eyreba, es ukanaskne-li, Rirsebis gamo /an, ukidures SemTx-vevaSi, rogorc Cems SemTxvevaSia, mi-drekilebis gamo/, valdebulia darCeni-li cxovreba masTan gaataros, Tu, cxa-dia, qali patiosnad moiqceva. amgvarad,rogorc xedavT, imiT vamTavreb, riTacmamaCvenma daiwyo, da, albaT, cxovreba-Si veRarc mnaxavT...

es urTierToba sami welia grZelde-ba... SemiZlia vTqva, rom iseve giJuradmiyvars, rogorc dasawyisSi miyvarda, dasami wlis urTierTobis Semdeg, ise arcerT qals ar SevTvisebivar, rogorc mas./gamonaklisi is erTia da iciT vincaris?/, da umciresi survilic ara maqvsda arc mizezi ganxeTqilebisa... Tu ledibaironi moisurvebs, siamovnebas mog-vaniWebs da mokvdeba, aseve grafinia gvi-Ciolis qmaric /kaTolikeebs xom, gan-qorwinebulebsac ki, xelaxla qorwineb-is ufleba ar aqvT/, albaT, davqorwind-ebiT _ Tumc me ar visurvebdi, _ rad-gan colqmroba _ erTmaneTis siZulvi-lis saSualebaa. momavali ledi baironisami mizeziT unda mogewonoT: 1/ namd-vili ledi baironis didi damcvelia dagamudmebiT meubneba, rom darwmunebu-lia imaSi, me sazizRrad veqceodi; 2/Zalian kargi warmodgena aqvs Tqvenze;Zlivs gadavafiqrebine, rom TqvenTvisar moewera TerTmetgverdiani werili /Zalian uyvars werilebis wera/; 3/ `donJuani~ waikiTxa frangul TargmanSi,piroba CamomarTva, aRar gamegrZelebi-na da ganacxada, saZaglobaao... masSi bev-ri ram aris Cvennairi. minda giTxraT,rom sasacilos SemCneva SeuZlia,rogorc mamida sofis, rogorc Tqven da

rogorc yvela bairons~.iqneb, baironis es gasaocari erT-

guleba am urTierTobaSi marTlac im`baironiseburi TvisebiTac~ aixsneba,romelic man terezaSi aRmoaCina mou-lodnelad.

ganqorwinebis brZaneba qalbatonigviCiolis mamis saxlSi cxovrebasmoiTxovda. 16 ivliss, tereza, ravenasaxlos, graf gambas vilaSi gadasaxlda.iqneb, kardinalebi fiqrobdnen kidec,rom mijnurebs ase daaSorebdnen, magramgambebs, mamasac da Svilsac, baironi uy-vardaT, mis politikur mrwamssiziarebdnen da mis siyvaruls mfarvel-obdnen. qalaqgare saxlSi Rebulobdnen,iq cxeniT Cadioda mTeli zafxulis gan-mavlobaSi, Tanac TveSi ara erTxel. Se-modgomiT, roca tereza ravenaSi dab-runda, baironi gambebTan yovel saRamodadioda. tereza gasaocrad erTguliiyo misi. `Cems siyvarulSi darwmunebu-li var, _ werda qali, _ ufro metad,vidre imaSi, rom xval mzis sxivs vix-ilav... erTi codva mqonda da erTivedarCeba~.

saerTo mdgomareoba usiamovno ariyo. paemnebis saidumloeba da siZnele,konspiraciisa da siyvarulis nazavi,daRlilobas nebas ar aZlevda maT urT-ierTobaSi SeWriliyo. 1821 wlis civi dagrZeli zamTari baironma martom gaat-ara gviCiolebis sasaxleSi. gzebi Tov-liT iyo dafaruli, cxenebi sajiniboSicmukavdnen. is saxlSi ijda, kiTxulob-da da cecxls uyurebda. aba, wignebSi raunda amoekiTxa? `vis SeuZlia iseTi ramTqvas, rac solomonma didi xnis winaT,Cvenamde ar Tqva...~. isev dRiurebis weradaiwyo, da es Canawerebi umSvenieresigamosdioda, vidre is, 1813 wlis Canaw-erebi iyo. saberZneTis mzesaviT, bairo-nis goneba ise cocxlad asxivosnebdasagnebsa da grZnobebs, rom maTi kon-turebi ulmobeli sicxadiT ikveTebo-da. maT ise aRwerda, rogorc xedavda dasakuTar ambebTanac sicrues ar uSvebda,aseve sxvebTanac, movlenebsa da adami-anebs bunebriv saxes aZlevda. Tavisiyofis yovel wuTs aucileblobis ucn-auri grZnobiT aRnusxavda, aRniSnavdayvelafers, rac mas exeboda.

`daaxloebiT eqvs saaTze visadile.or katas, Sevardensa da yorans vaWame.vkiTxulobdi mitfordis `saberZneTisistorias~, qsenofontis `aTi aTasisukan daxevas~. mere, aqamde, rvas eqvsi

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wuTi aklia, vwere~.misi dRiuri momajadoebeli Seqspir-

uli saocrebebiT aris savse, radganbaironi elizabeTisdroindeli xuma-rasaviT, lirikuli strofebidan mou-lodnelad xumrobaze gadadioda, msof-lio respublikidan _ Tavisi yornisjanmrTelobaze.

`mTeli dila saxlSi vijeqi _ cecx-ls vuyurebdi. sakuTar Tavs vekiTxebo-di, rodis movidoda fosta... naxevarsaaTSi xuTi werili davwere. etlis xmamesmis; palto da pistoletebi moviTx-ove, rogorc yovelTvis, aucilebeliatributebia. quCaSi civa _ etli Riaa,macxovreblebi ki velurebi _ politi-kiT aRgznebulebi. mSvenieri rasaa, mok-led, saucxoo masalaa, risganac kargieri dadgeba. saaTi rekavs, mivdivar Cemisiyvarulis gasacxadeblad. sakmaod sax-ifaToa, magram sasiamovno. ar damaviwy-des axali Sirmis dadgma, marTalia, sak-maod Zvelia, magram mcire SekeTebis Sem-deg kargi gaxdeba. daTboba grZeldeba.imedi maqvs, xval cxeniT wasvlas Sev-Zleb...

Tormetis cxra wuTi. davbrundigrafinia gviCiolisgan, qaliSvilobisgvari gamba. vilaparakeT italiaze, pa-triotizmze, alfierze, qalbaton al-banize da sxva ucnaur rameebze. cxrasaaTze misi Zma movida, grafi pietro;aTze mamamisi, grafi rujiero. vilapar-akeT omze, xmliT farikaobaze ungreT-sa da SotlandiaSi. gadawyvites, ambox-eba 7 Tu 8 marts daiwyeba. TariRi ndobasiwvevs; adre, 1820 wlis oqtomberSi, arhqondaT gadawyvetili amboxebis dawye-ba...

davbrundi. isev `aTi aTasi~ vikiTxe.mivdivar dasaZineblad. 1821 wlis 6 ian-vari. nisli _ daTboba _ wvima _ tal-axi. cxeniT siaruli SeuZlebelia...

rvaze wavedi Cveulebrivi vizitebiT.cota musikasac movusmine _ miyvarsmusika...

vfiqrobdi Zvel berZen qalTa mdgo-mareobaze _ sakmaod xelsayreli yofi-la. axla maTi mdgomareoba _ raindulida feodaluri epoqebis barbarosobisnaSTi _ xelovnuri da arabunebrivia:saxls unda mouaron, kargad undagamokvebo da Caacva, _ magram sazoga-doebriv cxovrebaSi Carevis ufleba arunda misce. religiurad unda aRizard-on _ ar unda ikiTxon poezia da poli-tika _ mxolod sulis sacxonebel dasamzareulo wignebs unda gaecnon. musi-

ka _ xatva _ cekvebi _ cota mebaReo-baca da miwaTmoqmedeba, drodadro.epiriaSi vnaxe, rogor kirwylavdnengzas, Tan kargadac. ratomac ara, suler-Ti ar aris moTibav Tu mowveli!

saxlSi davbrundi, isev mitfordi vi-kiTxe, ZaRls veTamaSe, vaWame... dRes sa-Ramos, TeatrSi, roca bolo scenaSi cx-enze amxedrebuli princi gamoCnda, may-urebeli axarxarda da misgan konstitu-cia moiTxova. esec isevea, rogorc mkv-leloba, xalxis ganwyobis maCvenebelia.ase gagrZeleba aRar SeiZleba. say-ovelTao respublika unda arsebobdes_ vfiqrob, asec iqneba.

yorani cali fexiT koWlobs _ vergavige, ra mouvida, romelime idiotmaTu daabija fexi. Sevardeni Zaliancocxlad aris _ katebi dasuqdnen daxmauroben _ rac acivda, maimunebi aRarminaxavs, ar siamovnebT, roca aq amo-hyavT. cxenebi kmayofilebi unda iyvnen;rogorc ki amindi saSualebas momcems,cxeniT gaviseirneb. saSineli droa _italiuri zamTari saxumaro saqme araris, danarCeni dro ki momxiblavia~.

TiTqmis igive toni gaxldaT londo-nuri dRiurisa, `korsaris~ dros romwerda. TiTqmis, magram ara mTlianad.lavis nakadi gacivda. Sinagani brZolaukve iseTi cxare aRar iyo. baironiodnav damSvidda. cxovrebis uazrobasukve Seurigda, mowyenilobasac ki.mRelvareba isev itacebda, magram ukveara sasiyvarulo; temperamenti cotagaunelda, Tma gauWaRaravda.

`mTeli cxovreba, cotad Tu bevrad,rad viyavi mowyenili? axla ratom aRararis igi ise Zlieri, rogorc maSin, rocaoci wlis viyavi, Tu maxsovroba aramRalatobs? ar vici, mgoni, es CemsbunebaSia. TavSekaveba da varjiSi, rasacdrodadro mivmarTav, arafers cvlis.boboqari vnebebi damexmara; roca maTiuSualo gavlenis qveS viyavi _ ucnau-ria, _ amaRlebuli ganwyobileba meu-fleboda, da aRar viyavi guldamZimebu-li. curvac kargia Cemi ganwyobilebi-sTvis, _ saerTod ki, guneba-ganwyo-bileba rigiani vera maqvs da dRiTi dRepirquSi vxdebi. Tumca, ase mgonia, arcise mowyenili var, rogoric cxrametiwlisa viyavi. amis damamtkicebeli isaris, rom maSin TamaSi iyo CemTvis auci-lebeli, sma anda sxva ramis keTeba, risgareSec Tavs ubedurad vgrZnobdi. axla

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SemiZlia mSvidad vitanjo...magram vgrZnob, rogor izrdeba Cem-

Si sizante da zizRi, ufro mZlavri, vi-dre gulgrilobaa~.

ukve aRaraferi STaagonebda cxovelgrZnobebs. metismetad ingliseli gaxl-daT imisTvis, rom seriozulad mieRoTavisi italiuri cxovreba; inglisi kisxva araferi iyo, garda Soreuli sizm-risa. zogjer xma, suni, kiTxva gardasulJams uRviZebda. koulis leqsma _ axal-sa da gamWvirvale, SuSisebr talRe-bqveS~ _ erTi gaelvebiT, is ucnaurimoxazulobis xe gaaxsena, kembrijSi,mdinaris fskerze rom naxa, roca long-Tan erTad yvinTavda. `oo, quCaSi arRa-ni ukravs _ valsia. wera unda Sevwyvi-to da movusmino. valss ukravs, aTiaTasjer rom momismenia londonur me-jlisebze 1812, 1815 wlebSi. ucnauriramaa valsi...~. aCrdilebi sxltebian.karolina lemi valsSi... gaaxsenda, imwels olmekebTan mejlisze, qali donJuanis tansacmelSi gamowyobili, eSmak-Ta amalis TanxlebiT mivida. misTvisdrama maskaradiT damTavrda. rac Seex-eba ledi bairons, baironi ganrisxebu-la, roca gaugia, rom anabela saqvelmo-qmedo mejlisis patronesad daesax-elebinaT. mejlisis patronesa, im dros,roca misi qmari, gaZevebuli, ucxo xalx-isTvis swiravda sicocxles. ramdenimesaaTs Zalze mZime mdgomareobaSi iyoamis gamgone baironi. mas rom is dRiurienaxa, im dros anabela rom werda, amoi-kiTxavda:

`diliT adre gamovedi, pikadilizeCemi Zveli saxlisTvis rom Semexeda.quCidan is oTaxi davinaxe, sadac xSiradviyaviT erTad; ase megona, TiTqos masSididxans vicxovre im megobarTan erTad,romelic didi xnis win gardaicvalaCemTvis. Crdilic aRar darCa Cemi uwin-deli wamebisa. mxolod samariseburi si-Cumea~.

zogjer baironsac eCveneboda, rommaTi werilebi _ mkvdrebis dialogiiyo. da mainc, ogastas, isev da isev, masabarebda: rogoric aris, rogoric iyo,masze Civilis mizezi arasodes gqonia.piriqiT. Tqven ar iciT, rogora xarTdavalebuli misgan. misi da Cemi cxovre-ba, Tqveni da Cemi cxovreba _ sruliadgansxvavebuli iyo. roca erTi damTavr-da, meore daiwyo. axla ki orive Sewyda~.

megobrebi Sors iyvnen. hobhauzi Tav-gamodebuli radikaluri politikisgamo cixeSi moxvda. fletCerma es ambaviromeliRac italiur gazeTSi aRmoaCina.baironma gaicina. man hobhauzisdatyvevebaze komikuri leqsi dawera,razec hobhauzi gabrazda. skrop devis-sac TamaSi waego da kontinentze gaqce-vas apirebda. gana londonis warmodge-na SeiZleba devisis enaborZikis gareSe?`briumeli kaleSia, skropi _ briugSi,bonaparti _ wminda eleneze _ Tqven _Tqvens axal sacxovrebelSi /cixeSi/, meki ravenaSi! ramdeni didi adamiania! ms-gavsi araferi momxdara mis Semdeg,rac...~.

1821 wlis 22 ianvars ocdacameti weliSeusrulda.

`xval Cemi dabadebis dRea, e.i. dResSuaRamisas, id est Tormeti wuTis Sem-deg, zustad ocdacameti wlisa gavxde-bi!!! guldamZimebuli var, rom ase didx-ans vicocxle da ase cota ram gavakeTe...

axla pirvelis sami wuTia, cixe-dar-bazis saaTma SuaRamisa Camohkra ukve~ _me ukve ocdacameti weli Semisrulda.

heu, fugaces, osthume, osthume, la-buntur anni...208 vwuxvar, ara imaze, racgavakeTe, aramed imaze, risi gakeTebacSemeZlo da ver gavakeTe:

`cxovrebis Savbnel, WuWyian gzaze,ocdacameti weli viare. ra damrCa mis-gan, ra? ocdacameti da araferi~.

meore dRes gardasul wels epitafiauZRvna.

im TveebSi ravenaSi bevrs muSaobda.qalbatonma gviCiolim don Juanis~ mex-uTe simRera Seawyvetina: `daveTanxmeqalbatoni gviCiolis daJinebul Txov-nas, ar gamegrZelebina poema. man nawar-moebi frangul TargmanSi waikiTxa daTqva, saZageli nawarmoebiao. sruliadbunebrivia, italiuri zneobriobisTvalsazrisiTac ki, radgan mTeli msof-lios qalebi TavianTi frankmasonuro-bis erTgulni arian, romelic grZnoba-Ta iluziisgan Sedgeba, es ki erTader-Ti sferoa maTi mbrZaneblobisa /yve-laferi es raindebisa da goTebis wyalo-biTaa, berZnebi amas ukeT igebdnen/.yovelgvari nawarmoebi, romelic vneba-Ta komedias gamoxatavs da santimentsdascinis, bunebrivia, yvela seqtisgan

208. `vai, rom postumei, postumei swra-fad mihqrian wlebi...~. (horaciusis oda).

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akrZalulia. arasodes minaxavs qali,romelic rusos Tayvans ar scemdes daar sZuldes Jil blazi da gramoni imavemizeziT. da radgan axla damjeri var,davuTme~.

grafinia gviCioli tradiciuli ro-mantikis friad mtkice damcveli gaxl-daT; siyvarulis religiaSi, mTel msof-lioze rom batonobs, ver itanda ver-anair eress. roca erTxel baironmauTxra, tragediisTvis siyvaruli sak-marisad maRali Tema ar ariso, uamravimagaliTi mouyvana sapirispirosdasamtkiceblad. baironi kamaTisas ara-sodes brwyinavda, miT umetes qalTankamaTisas; maSinve dauTmo da sardanapa-li mijnurad aqcia.

radgan `don Juanze~ uaris Tqma mou-wia; tragediebis Seqmna daiwyo; Temebizogi veneciis istoriidan aiRo, zogiuZvelesi istoriebidan da bibliidan;tragediebis weris azri maSin gauCnda,roca alfieris nawarmoebebs gaecno.misi antiromantikuli ideali, bune-brivia, inglisuri tragediis gadarCe-nis ideamde midioda, erTianobis209 dab-runebis meSveobiT.

magram misTvis yovelgvari siuJeti,istoriulic, da tragedia, klasikuricki, mudam TviTgaTavisuflebis sababiiyo. tiberiusis~ daweras Tu fiqrobda,mxolod imitom, rom sakuTari grZnobagamoevlina. òTxi tragediis siuJetzevfiqrob, romlebic unda davwero: sar-danapali~ ukve dawyebulia; `kaeni~metafizikuri siuJetzea, `manfredis~stilSi, magram xuT aqtad, SeiZleba qo-roc mivumato; `franCeska da rimini~xuT aqtad; darwmunebuli ara var, iqneb,`tiberiusic~ daviwyo. mgoni, SevZleb damasSi avsaxav Cemi TavisuflebisdakargviT gamowveul tragediis raRacelementebs...~.

`sardanapalSi~ man pro domo210 dasa-cavi sityva SeTxza. sardanapali imavecxovrebiT cxovrobs, rogorc baironicxovrobda moCenigos sasaxleSi da me-gobrebis sayvedurebs siamovnebisadmimiZRvnili saqebi sityvebiT pasuxobda:

`ramdenic gsurdes mkicxe, mlanZRe,rac ginda, is Tqvi,

ase da ase cxovrobda-Tqo,

magram iyuCeim leqsis gamo,

raSic sxartad aris naTqvamiadamianuri arsebobis

mTeli simarTleda istoria. yuri migde, ai, is leqsic:`sardanapalma, xelmwifem, Zem anasindraqsis,erT dRes aago tarsusi da arxialusi,Wamda, Rreobda da uyvarda; sxva ram Tqmad ar Rirs...~.

... an kidev ase:

àq ormocdaaTiaTasamde mosisxle mteriSeubraleblad amoJlita sardanapalma,ai, maTi saflavebi, misi nadavli...~,dampyrobelTaTvis damiTmia amgvari saqme,me isic myofnis, qveSevrdomT rom Sevumsubuqoadamianur ubedobis mZime uReli,raTa icxovron ukvneselad sikvdilis dRemde~.211

yvelaze mamxilebeli kaeni~ gamouvi-da. bavSvobidanve awamebda da Tan sdev-da pirvelgawirulis Tema, _ adamianisa,romelic ufalma dasaja danaSaulis Se-qmnamde. `kaeni~ iyo cda, dramis formiTgamoexata Tavisi aRSfoTeba RvTaebrivqmnilebaSi borotebis arsebobiswinaaRmdeg. pirvel scenaSi adami da misiSvilebi arian gamoyvanili dacemis Sem-deg, yvela ieRovas eTayvaneba, mxolodkaeni rCeba mdumared. kaenma ufals arapatia. ra codva miuZRvis adams? _kiTxulobs igi.

`...xe nayofisadarguli iyo, da igi mas rad aukrZa-

les?xolo Tu iyo akrZaluli, Sua edemSiyvelaze ufro mSvenierad risTvis

hyvaodamamaCemis win? isini ki yvela kiTxvazemxolod erT pasuxs iZlevian:

ès neba iyomisi, da igi ars keTili~. me viT davrwmunde?vici, is yovlad Zlieria, magram aqedan209. klasikuri tragediis moTxovnile-

baa drois, adgilisa da moqmedebis erTiano-ba.

210. sakuTari Tavis dasacavi.211. `sardanapali~. Targmna mose qarCa-

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ar SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom is keTilia.msjeloba Cemi aq nayofTa mixedviT xdeba:nayofi igi, romliTac me unda vikve-

bosxvisi codvebis gulisaTvis _ mwar-

ea metad.

luciferic gamoCndeba da sakuTarTavs RmerTis Tanasworad acxadebs.kaens sTavazobs namdvil samyarosgaCveneb, sadac pirobiTobebi ar arse-bobso. kaens dis, adas datoveba vergadauwyvetia, romelic amave dros misicolic aris.

`luciferigiyvars? ufro Zlierad, vidre ded-mama?

adaufro Zlier! da esec nuTu codvaa kidev?

luciferijerjerobiT ara, magram SemdegSi,

Senis SvilebisTvis iqneba codva.

adarogor? Cems asuls Tavisi Zma enoqi, ar eyvareba?

luciferieyvareba, magram sxvagvaradda ara ise, Sen rom giyvars kaeni.

adaRmerTo!nuTu imaT erTmaneTi ar eyvarebaTda arc sicocxles aCuqeben sxva qmnilebebsa,rom maT Tavis mxriT siyvaruli SeeZloT? ganaam Cems ZuZus ar vawovebdi orives erTad?..

luciferime aq codvaze vlaparakob, magram es codvaCemgan ar aris motanili, ar CageTvlebaTTqven igi codvad, Tumc codvad igimoeCvenebaT maT, vinc Tqvens Semdeg movlen.

adarogor iqneba codva igi, rac TavisTavadar aris codva? Tu _ keTili da

borotebaSemTxveviTia? maS, monebi vyofilvarT Cvena~.

abelis Semdeg angelozi gamoCndeba,rom kaeni dagmos, romelic sasjels kiitans, magram danaSauls ar aRiarebs.

`...var iseTi, rogorica var.ar movvlenivar am qveyanas me Cemis nebiT,ar gavCenilvar TavisTavad...~.212

es godeba baironis godebaa, aRbeWd-ili, rogorc TviTon fiqrobda, kaenisbeWdiT da ganwiruli dedamiwaze mara-diul msjavrdebulad moxetialed.amanac mokla Tavisi umcrosi Zma, pirve-li baironi. iyo amisTvis pasuxismgebe-li? igi is iyo, rac iyo, TviTon ar mov-lenia am qveyanas Tavisi nebiT, sxvanair-ad moqmedeba mas ar SeeZlo, da igi usa-marTlo RmerTs SehRaRadebs: `ratommomeqeci ase?~

uolter skotma, romelsac `kaeni~uZRvna, mamacurad miiRo miZRvna, magramRmerTis gamarTleba scada: `saidum-loebis udidesi gasaRebi, SeiZleba, Cve-ni SesaZleblobebis arasrulfasovneba-Sia. vxedavT, vgrZnobT im nawilobrivborotebas, romelic guls gvimZimebs,magram Zalze cota viciT samyaros saer-To sistemaze, rom mivxvdeT, am borote-bis arsebobas rogori saxiT SeeTavsebayovlis mwyalobeli Semoqmedi~.

metismetad mkacrad gaakritikes`kaeni~, gansakuTrebiT orTodoqsulireligiis TvalsazrisiT; cxadia, es ariyo aTeistis nawarmoebi, da baironicdauRalavi daJinebiT gvaxsenebs amas,magram es eretikosis Txzuleba gaxl-daT. samRvdeloeba am kalvinisturipromeTes winaaRmdeg qadagebda. skan-dalmac ki ver moutana am nawarmoebswarmateba. tragediebma baironis ing-lisel mkiTxvels guli gaucrua /isiniufro romantikulebi iyvnen, vidrebaironi/, da mas guli etkina. `xedavT,ras niSnavs RorTa winaSe margalitisdageba? vidre gazviadebul uazrobebs

212. `kaeni~. Targmna konstantine WiWi-naZem.

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vwerdi, mkiTxvelis gemovnebas romryvnida, taSs mikravdnen da bans ma-Zlevdnen, axla, roca bolo sam-oTxwelSi Sevqmeni nawarmoebebi, romelTamokvdinebac ar SeiZleba, mTeli jogiRrialebs da iRrineba, ukan Waobiskenmiiwevs gulmodgined. bolos da bolos,davisaje imis gamo, rom maT vafuWebdi,imitom, rom arc erT suliers imdeni argaukeTebia, ramdenic me, Cems pirvelnawarmoebebSi, raTa gamevrcelebina esstili, gadaWarbebuli da yalbi~.

inglisma poets zurgi aqcia. axla ismoqmedebis kacad rCeboda. ah, rom SeeZ-los uCvenos hobhauzs, romelic asekmayofili iyo sakuTari TaviT imitom,rom kaningis winaaRmdeg dawerili xel-mouwereli pamfletisTvis cixeSi moxv-da rom is, baironi ar SeiZleba dakmay-ofilebuliyo msgavsi simamacis imit-aciiT. italiis revolucia, sadac didirolis TamaSi SeuZlia, _ ai, raze am-yarebda axla imedebs.

mTeli zamTari, pietro gambasTan daamericani-is `ZmebTan~ erTad, konspir-aciulad moqmedebda da ara marto sak-uTar Tavs swiravda, aramed fulsac.saWiro iyo iaraRis gadamalva, saidum-lo TaTbirebis mowyoba. gviCiolebissasaxle SesTavaza maT amisTvis. “sak-maod kargi poziciaa, viwro quCebi,Signidan daculia, saimedo kedlebiaqvs~. fuli iyo saWiro? is iZleoda.icoda, sicocxles safrTxeSi igdebda,magram miaCnda, rom es amad Rirda. `aba,dafiqrdiT, Tavisufali italia. imper-ator avgustis mere msgavsi araferi mo-mxdara... aba, ras niSnavs me~, Tu TundacerTi naperwkali Riresuli warsulis,SeZlebs mTeli brwyinvalebiT gadaecesmomavals~.

damaxasiaTebeli Tviseba: enTuziaz-mi da fizikuri simamace SeuerTda miswindaxedulebasa da jansaRi azrisuryeobas. Tu ar gaerTiandebodnen, eWviepareboda italielTa warmatebaSi. me-Toduri moqmedebisken mouwodebdadauRalavad. swored warmoedginastrategiuli gegma adgilobrivipirobebis gamoyenebiT: `cal-calke ga-mosvlebi SevTavaze, calkeul jgufebadda sxvadasxva adgilebSi /magram erT-droulad/, yuradReba rom gafantodaTjaris nawilebs, romlebic miuxedavadmcirericxovnebisa, disciplinis wyalo-biT, mainc gaimarjvebdnen brboze,romelTac namdvili wvrTvna ar gauvli-aT. ~.

movlenebma misi winaTgrZnobis sima-rTle aCvena. martis dasawyisSi nea-polelebi avstriis jarma gaanadgura.konstituciaze ficdadebulma mefem,uari Tqva masze. yvela patara, calkeu-li amboxeba erTimeoris miyolebiT gaa-nadgures. ravenelebmac sxvebiviT Tavi-anT proeqtze uari Tqves, da rogorcxdeba xolme, revolucia, romelmac gam-arjveba ver moipova, sastikad CaaxSes.papis policia proskrifciebs adgenda.baironze xelis xleba ver gabedes, ma-gram guli rom stkenoda, 1821 wlis iv-lisSi italiidan gambas ojaxi gauZeves.

qalbatoni gviCioli mzad iyo gada-saxlebaSi wasasvlelad, magram satrfosdakargva ar undoda. sad wahyveboda?qalma Sveicaria SesTavaza. magram Svei-cariaSi metismetad bevri ingliselicxovrobda, romlebic mzad iyvnen Tavi-anTi Wogritebi baironisken miemarTaT.vidre is yoymanobda, Selis werili mi-iRo, auwyebda, Camovdivaro. mas alegrasbedi awuxebda da am sakiTxze undodabaironTan molaparakeba. konspiraciispirobebSi baironi Tavs uxifaTod rodigrZnobda, Tan Svilic iq hyavda da arse-nalic iqve hqonda. mas didi xania gadaw-yvetili hqonda, rom alegra kaTolikeiqneboda da coladac italiels gahyve-boda. cxadia, qalbaton gviCiolisrCeviT, romelic monasterSi iyoaRzrdili, baironma alegra, ravenas max-loblad, baniakavalos monasterSi mia-bara.

kleri sakuTar Tavs aRar hgavda.mavedrebel werils werda, alegra Selismieci, Tu SenTan ar gsurs icxovroso.magram kleri, anabelasaviT, qalTa imjiSs ekuTvnoda, romelic baironismrisxanebas iwvevda. masSi usircxvilo-ba, rasac karolina lemsac sayvedurob-da, ledi baironis qadagebebTan da san-timentebTan~ iyo SeerTebuli. es ki verepatiebina misTvis, rogorc im ors verapatia is RvarZli, masSi rom aRviZebd-nen. Zalian sZulda, ar SeeZlo misTvisbaironebis naSieris aRzrda miendo.`kleri alegras Sesaxeb Zalian Tavxe-dur werilebs migzavnis, _ ai, ras igebsadamiani, romelmac Tavis ukanonoSvilebze zrunva gadawyvita! rom ar Sem-codeboda, es ubeduri gogona, ukveTiTqmis mzadac viyavi im uRmerTo qal-isTvis, dedamisisTvis gamegzavna, racZalian cudi iqneboda. Tu klers hgoniaSeiZleba bavSvis zneobriv aRzrdaSi Cae-rTos, cdeba. es arasodes moxdeba... Tu

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SesaZlebloba miecema, es patara, qris-tiani da qmriani qali iqneba~.

es teqsti mSvenivrad aCvenebs imSeucnobel morals, misi sulis siRrme-Si rom saxlobda.

Seli, 6 agvistos Cavida. veneciis Sem-deg baironze aRaraferi icoda daZalian gaocebuli darCa, roca misi mor-aluri da fizikuri sijansaRe ixila:`sruliad aRudgenia janmrTeloba, cx-ovrebiTac im cxovrebis sapirispirodcxovrobs, romelic veneciaSi hqonda.grafinia gviCiolisTan mudmivi urT-ierTobis garda, romelic axla floren-ciaSia, sxva urTierTobebi aRar aqvs.fletCeri isev Tan axlavs, TiTqosaCrdiliao, daaceminebs da xelaxla aR-sdgeba Tavisi patronis materialursubstanciasTan erTad. man isev aRidgi-na wonasworoba da mis naadrevadgaWaRaravebul Tmas TiTqos axali qer-akulula mosavali amodis. lordmabaironma uzarmazar warmatebas miaRwiayvela TvalsazrisiT, geniosobaSi, xas-iaTSi, zneobaSi, bednierebaSi. gviCi-olebTan urTierTobam bevri sikeTemoutana. cudi gatacebebi hqonda, ma-gram axla maTze TiTqos gaimarjva daiseTi xdeba, rogoric unda yofiliyo:maRali zneobis adamiani. interesi,romelsac igi italiis politikisadmiavlens da masSi monawileoba, _ is sak-iTxebia, razec wera ar SemiZlia, magramgagaocebT da siamovnebas moganiWebT...wamikiTxa don Juanis~ gamouqveynebelisimRerebi, gasaocari silamaziT arisgamorCeuli. is ara marto maRalia,aramed ganuzomlad aRmatebulia yvelaTanamedrove poetze. yovel sityvas ukv-davebis beWedi azis~.

es werili WeSmariti cda iyo Selisa,raTa meri iZulebelhyos, ukeT ifiqrosbaironze. Jenevisa da veneciis drosSelebi Zalian mkacrebi iyvnen. `qalTauazro jilagis~ gavlenisgan ramdenimedRiT gaTavisuflebuli Seli ufro sa-marTliani xdeba. is Tavs baironis mego-brad ar grZnobda. megobroba gonebisdid Tavisuflebas gulisxmobs. iseTiuangaro adamianisTvisac ki, rogoricSeli iyo, baironis dideba, misigaumarTlebeli miviwyebulobis fonze,dabrkoleba gaxldaT. erTmaneTisadmicudi grZnoba daexeteboda maT Soris.Selim es grZnoba Camoicila, dasZlia,magram Tavis Seviwroebul mdgomare-obas amaod ebrZoda. baironi aRiarebda,rom Seli erTi yvelaze SesaniSnavi ad-

amiani iyo mis nacnobebs Soris, saukeTe-so mosamarTle poeziaSi da yvelazedidsulovanic. baironisTvis Selis mas-Tan yofna naTeli naperwkali iyo. is,vinc Selis siaxloviT odesme gamTbara,mTeli cxovreba moinatrebs mis siTbos.amave dros Seli sayveduric iyo. mxur-vale, energiuli, icoda, rac undoda;isic icoda, ra iyo cudi da ra kargi.baironi misiT tkbeboda, Surda dazogjer malulad uTvalTvalebda,iqneb raime nakli epova masSi. netav, rasfiqrobda `roSfuko~ /hobhauzi/ am pa-tiosan aTeistze? Tu Selic pirmoTneiyo, maSin... magram baironiseburi anal-izis TvalismomWrel sinaTlezec ki,Seli uvnebeli rCeboda.

Seli Camovida da baironis cxovrebaisev ise wavida, rogorc midioda: dilisZili, SuadRis Semdeg sauzme, cxeniTtyeSi siaruli, saRamos kiTxva, Ramissaubrebi. Seli uzarmazar sasaxleSicnobismoyvareobiT daexeteboda, sapa-rado kibeze xuTi farSevangi dadioda,sami cicari, mowme gaxda maimunebis,katebis, yoranisa da Sevardenis Cxubeb-isa. baironTan saubrisas Selim saerTomegobari li hanti gaixsena, isic uTxra,inglisSi Zalian mZime cxovreba aqvs daitaliaSi minda Camovideso. ra undagaekeTebina aq? bairons azrad mouvida:erTxans marisTan urTierToba ga-uuaresda, amitom murTan undoda Jur-nalis daarseba, Tavisi nawarmoebebissabeWdad. murma uari uTxra. axla ratomar unda SesTavazos hants SelisTan dabaironTan erTad liberaluri Jurna-lis daarseba? baironTan TanamSromlo-ba hantisTvis saganZuri iyo. Selim TavismaspinZels gadafiqrebis dro aRar mis-ca da saswrafod hants acnoba, CqaraCamodio.

baironma Selis sTxova qalbaton gvi-Ciolis miswere /Seli terezas ar icnob-da/, sTxove Sveicariaze uari Tqvi darezidenciad piza airCieo. grafinia gvi-Cioli daTanxmda da Tavisi werili gu-lis SemZvreli, misi SeSfoTebis mamx-ilebeli winadadebiT daamTavra: `se-nior, Tqveni sikeTe STamagonebs dagagimxelT Cems Seukavebel survils.gTxovT, gaakeToT es CemTvis. on par-tite da Ravenna senza ylord~. milor-dis gareSe ravenadan nu wabrZandebi-To... qalma icoda, ra saxifaToc iyobaironis marto datoveba. magram is,vinc ufro naklebad endoboda bairons,TviT baironi gaxldaT. sakuTar Tavs

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kargad icnobda, sakuTari sisusteebiseSinoda da xvdeboda, Tu ravenaSi Selisada gviCiolis gareSe darCeboda, isevraRac gadametebul ambebSi gaexveoda.didxans moiTxovda daJinebiT, rom Selimisgan ar wasuliyo. magram Seli alegrassanaxavad iyo Camosuli da monasterSimis mosanaxuleblad wavida, mere dab-runda pizaSi.

grafinia gviCioli da gamba male masmihyvnen; moiwones meris mierbaironisTvis naqiravebi lanfrankissasaxle. baironma maT sami Tve maincalodina. is, rogorc Tavisi niSnobisdros, ufro da ufro, naklebad Cqarob-da~. bedi ar swyalobda: rogorc kivinmes an rames Seiyvarebda: qveyanas,qalaqs, saxls, qals, maSinve raRacaSorebda maTTan. ravena Seiyvara, xalxipativs scemda, samRvdeloeba masmfarvelobda, radgan procesiebis drosTavis xaliCebsa da fardagebs fexqveSugebda maT; siamovnebiT muSaobda dakargadac grZnobda Tavs. gamgzavrebaskviridan kviramde sdebda. grafinia gvi-Ciolim meri Seli moxibla. meris ecode-boda tereza. `grafinia gviCioli, _werda Seli, _ Zalian lamazi, santimen-taluri da miamiti italielia, romel-mac baironis siyvaruls uzarmazariqoneba Seswira, rasac, ramdenadac Cemsmegobars vicnob, masac, da adamianurbunebasac, araerTxel inanebs TavisgaufrTxileblobas~

am dros ki, baironi gviCiolebissasaxleSi misteriaze, `ca da dedamiwa~,muSaobda, romlis siuJetic bibliurilegenda gaxldaT dacemul angeloze-bze, romlebsac adamianebis qaliSvile-bi uyvardaT. dacemuli angelozebi,`kaeniviT~, misi didi xnis Canafiqri iyo.pizaSi avejic ki gagzavnili hqonda, mar-to magida da leibi SeerCina aq. mtversada xmaurSi sulTa qoros Txzavda damTavarangelozis simReras. bolos 29oqtombers daTmo, datova gviCiolebissasaxle da masTan gaemgzavra, vinc odes-Rac am sasaxlis diasaxlisi iyo.

gzaze, ravenadan pizamde, Tavis bavS-vobis megobars lord klers Sexvda, ra-mac Zalian aaRelva. am Sexvedram wamsvegaaqro is wlebi, romlebmac dRevandeldResa da harous Soris Caiqrola. es ax-

ali grZnoba iyo CemTvis, auxsneli. ku-bodan amosvlis msgavsi... kleric ZalianaRelda _ ufro metadac, vidre me, rad-gan TiTis wverebiTac ki vigrZeni misigulis cema, sakuTari ki msgavsi Seg-rZnebis saSualebas ar maZlevda. xuTiwuTic ar gagvitarebia erTad am didgzaze, magram Znelia Cemi cxovrebidansaaTi gavixseno, romelic am xuT wuTsgadaswonis~.

WeSmaritebaa, rom cxovreba zmaneba-Ta materiisgan aris Seqmnili. saxeebi,romlebic dReebs avseben, micuraven,gvinergaven eWvs, siyvaruls, mrisx-anebas, mere fermkrTaldebian; TiTqosaRigavneno pirisagan miwisa, qrebian.isev Cndebian, moulodnelad cocxalni,or safosto karetas Soris, ucnob didgzaze, mtversa da Takara mzisqveS.

aseve gzaze Sexvda rojersac. erTadixetiales muzeumebSi. bairons muzeume-bi ar uyvarda. aRizianebda muzeumisdamTvalierebel-ingliselebis cnobis-moyvareoba. boloniaze gavlisasrojersi Certozas sasaflaoze miiyva-na, sadac mesaflave cxovrobda, romel-sac lamazi gogo hyavda. `am adamians, _werda baironi hobhauzs, _ Zalian un-doda rojersi daetovebina Tavis qaleb-is koleqciisTvis~.

gamgzavrebamde Selim kidev erTxelmiwera bairons, alegra Camoiyvaneo,radgan gogona axla ukve marto rCebo-da baniakavalos monasterSi. magrambaironi marto Cavida. Tumca, arcTumarto, radgan galiiT, etlis qveS romekida, batebis mTeli gundi Caiyvana. in-gliss ki dascinoda, magram Tavisi qvey-nis ucnauri wesebis mimdevari iyo. uy-varda, roca wminda paraskevs jvargamo-saxuli patara purebi hqonda da Semw-vari bati wminda mixeilis dRes. ammizniT batic iyida, Zalian rom ar gasu-qebuliyo, zeimamde mTeli Tve TviTonvekvebavda, magram ise mieCvia, rocadResaswaulis dRe dadga, mis dakvlazeuari Tqva. mere misTvis ojaxuri siam-ovnebis mokleba aRar isurva da ase mog-zaurobda xolme oTxi batis sazogadoe-baSi. aseve iyo Sopenhaueric, adamianebisZulda, magram frankfurtis bazroba-ze naRvliani orangutangi rom naxa,guli auCuyda.

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