louis sullivan
DESCRIPTION
Presentation on famous American architect Louis Sullivan. Also includes some of his works.TRANSCRIPT
LOUISHENRYSULLIVAN
LOUISHENRYSULLIVAN
father of skyscrapers
father of modernism
One of the recognized trinity of American architecture
LOUIS HENRY SULLIVAN
Form follows function“
”
About….
Born September 3, 1856Boston,Massachusetts,USA.
studied Masatuset institute of Architecture
Influenced by Henry Hobson Richardson
Influenced Frank Lloyd Wright
Died April 14, 1924 (aged 67)Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
chronology
1856 born to Irish/Swiss immigrants In Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
1872 Attents Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
1874 leaves for Paris to study further at the Ecole des Beaux Arts
1888 Frank Lloyd Wright joins the Adler/Sullivan firm.
1889 Auditorium Building
1924 Passed away
LOUIS HENRY SULLIVAN
1923
1879
1870
1895
design
Sullivan's philosophy that "form follows function" became one of the basic principles of twentieth century architecture, and was one of the foundations of Prairie School style
Ornament and structure were integral; their subtle rhythm sustained a high emotional tension, yet produced a sense of serenity. But the building's identity resided in the ornament.
design
He uses simple GEOMETRIC
FORMSBut highly
ORNAMENTAL
design
decorated with
ORGANIC
SYMBOLISM
ornamentation based on
design
Sullivan developed a style of ornamentation reflected nature through symmetrical use of stylized foliage & weaving geometric forms
design
MANIPULATION OF THE ORGANIC
SIMPLE LEAF- FORMS
COMPOUND LEAF- FORMS
design
design
design
design
Another signature element of Sullivan's work is the massive, semi-circular arch.
Sullivan employed such arches throughout his career—in shaping entrances, in framing windows, or as interior design.
design
various
TERRA COTTA DECORAT ION i n
d o n e b y L . S u l l i v a n
Major works
Public buildings
Auditorium Building,1989Chicago, illinois
Major works
office buildings
Wainwright Building St. Louis (1890)
Guaranty Building (formerly Prudential Building)
Buffalo,NY (1894)
Major worksBank buildings
National Farmer's Bank , Owatonna, Minnesota(1908)
People's Federal Savings and Loan Association, Sidney, Ohio(1917)
Farmers and Merchants Union Bank, Columbus, Wisconsin(1919 )
Merchants' NationalBank,Grinnell, Iowa(1914)
Major works
churches
Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Cathedral and Rectory,
Chicago (1900–1903)
Pilgrim Baptist Church(1890),
Chicago, Illinois
Major works
Martin Ryerson Tomb 1889Chicago, Illinois
Wainwright Tomb 1892St. Louis, Missouri
Carrie Eliza Getty Tomb Chicago, Illinois,
Tombs
GUARANTYBUILDING(PRUDENTIAL BUILDING)
Guaranty Building
Buffalo, State of New York
Year(s) of construction: 1895-1896
Architects: Louis H.
Sullivan and DankmarAdler
Function: Office Building
Present name Prudential
Building
No. of Floors: 13
Height: 46 m
plan
1ST FLOORin 1897
plan
1ST FLOORRestored in
1984
plan
typicalUPPER FLOORS
design
The structure was built entirely of steel
Ornaments :most defining characteristics
Combines masonry with terra cotta
used strong vertical lines to emphasize their verticality
design
the ornament of the glass windows
Guaranty Building
The elaborately decorated terra cotta cornice
Guaranty Building
Ornaments of a column capital
Guaranty Building
A Floral detail on the wall
Guaranty Building
Arch at the entrance
Guaranty Building - interior
Guaranty Building - interior
THE AUDITORIUM BUILDING, CHICAGO
AUDITORIUM BUILDING
Chicago,Illinois
AUDITORIUM BUILDING
AUDITORIUM BUILDING
Year(s) of construction: 1889
Architects: Sullivan and DankmarAdler
Function: Auditorium
Style: Late 19th and Early 20th
Century American MovementsNo. of Floors: 13
Height: 46 m
AUDITORIUM BUILDING
auditorium was designed so that all seats would have good views and acoustics
FLOOR PLAN
AUDITORIUM BUILDING
Longitudinal section looking south
LONGITUDINAL SECTION
AUDITORIUM BUILDING
ELEVATION EAST
AUDITORIUM BUILDING
VIEW
AUDITORIUM BUILDING
ELEVATION SOUTH
AUDITORIUM BUILDING
The raft foundation distributes the weight of the massive outer walls over a large area
The theatre, created to hold up to 4,200 audience members, today can hold 3,877 people during a single performance.
The building was equipped with the first central air conditioning system & the theater was the first to be entirely lit by incandescent light bulbs
Auditorium interior from balcony, an old photo
AUDITORIUM BUILDING
AUDITORIUM BUILDING
Ceiling is constructed in such a way that it doesn’t reflect large amount of incident sound energy; but absorbs
Ceiling detail of the auditorium buildingArcaded façade on the eastern sideCapital detail of a column within the auditorium
Merchants' National Bank
Grinnell, State of Iowa,
USA
Merchants’ National Bank
Year(s) of construction: 1914
Architects: Louis Sullivan& Stewart-
Robison-Laffan
Function: Bank Building
Architectural Late 19th And Styles Early 20th
Century American Movements, Other
Status National Historic Landmark
Merchants’ National Bank
design
Façade of the bank
Structurally the building is a rectangular box
It is one of a series of small banks designed by Louis Sullivan
in the Midwest between 1909 and 1919.
All of the banks are built of brick and for this structure he employed various shades of brick
Merchants’ National Bank
built of various shades of brick, ranging in color from blue-black to golden brown, giving it an overall reddish brown appearance
a series of stained glass windows on the eastern facade
Light is introduced into the interior by these windows and a sky light
the oversized cartouche that surrounds a circular window
Merchants’ National Bank
Merchants’ National Bank
The cornice design
Merchants’ National Bank
design above the ground floor windows
Merchants’ National Bank
The entrance portal and decorative designs
Merchants’ National Bank
oversized cartouche that surrounds a circular window
Merchants’ National BankLion griffin beside door of Merchants' National Bank
Merchants’ National Bank
Merchants’ National Bank
Circular windowOn the facade
colored glass skylight on ceiling
glass windows on the eastern facade
WAINWRIGHT TOMB
"the most sensitive and the most graceful of Sullivan's tombs" and as
"one of Sullivan's masterpieces."
Wainwright Tomb
constructed for Charlotte Dickson Wainwright
Location:Bellefontaine Cemetery4947 W. Florissant Ave.St. Louis, MO, USA
The tomb is a domed cubic building
with walls of concrete covered in limestone on the exterior
Wainwright Tomb
FLOOR PLANPLAN - 1/4 OF THE CEILING
Wainwright Tomb
TRANSVERSE SECTION
SIDE ELEVATION
Wainwright Tomb
The interior of the tomb has two burial slabs and a mosaic floor and ceiling
Wainwright Tomb
entrance with a double-leafed bronze grill
Wainwright Tomb
The sides of the tomb each have windows, also covered in bronze grills
Wainwright Tomb
courtesy
references
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture. New York: Quatro Publishing, 1991. ISBN 0-8230-2539-X. NA40.I45. p149-150.
http://www.hodgsonruss.com/Home/Offices/GuarantyBuildinghttp://exhibits.slpl.org/steedman/data/Steedman240089386.asp?thread=240091124http://www.prairiestyles.com/lsullivan.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Sullivanhttp://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Auditorium_Building.htmlhttp://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/sidney/sidney.html