m ultidisciplinary c enter for e arthquake e ngineering r esearch a suggested us-taiwan cooperative...

MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTER FOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH

A Suggested US-Taiwan Cooperative ProjectA Suggested US-Taiwan Cooperative Project

Development of Extreme Hazard Development of Extreme Hazard Induced Bridge Failure DatabaseInduced Bridge Failure Database

ByGeorge C. Lee

University at Buffalo

US-Taiwan Bridge Engineering Workshop


AcknowledgementAcknowledgement

FHWA Project on Multi-hazard Studies Dr. P. Yen Program Manager Project Co-workers: Dr. E. Sternberg University at Buffalo Dr. M. Tong University at Buffalo


OutlineOutline

The Need To Consider Multihazards And Extreme Events

The Need of A Platform For Hazards Assessment, Calibration and Comparison.

A possible US-Taiwan Cooperative Project – Database For Earthquake and Hydraulic Hazards

Summary


Structural Design (LRFD)Structural Design (LRFD)

Capacity > Demand Safety Margin Is Provided By Using Strength

Reduction Factors For Capacity And Overload Factors For Demand

Various Uncertainties Involved In Establishing These Factors And In Their Proper Combinations


UncertaintiesUncertainties

Resistance Design Material Construction Maintenance Etc.

Load Effects Conventional Loads Extreme Events Combinations Etc.


UncertaintiesUncertainties

Resistance Design Material Construction Maintenance Etc.

Load Effects Conventional Loads Extreme Events Combinations Etc.

Understand and Reduce Uncertainties in These Issues For Bridge Engineering Application


Some Noted Bridge Failure in US.*Some Noted Bridge Failure in US.*

503 Cases of Bridge Failure Between 1989 and 2000 (12 years Period)

Caused of Failure Difficult to Judge (Complex Interaction Between Load Effects And Resistance)

Estimated 80+% of These Failures Are Primarily Due to Extreme Events

* Wardhaua and Hadipriono (2003)


Wardhaua And Hadipriono Study Wardhaua And Hadipriono Study

Externally Caused Failures (Extensive Loads)Hydraulic 52.88%Collision 11.73%Overload 8.75%Earthquake 3.38%Fire 3.18%Ice 1.99%Storm/Hurricane 0.4%

82.31%


Bridge Failures Since 2003Bridge Failures Since 2003

2004 India Ocean Tsunami (Numerous Publications)

2005 Katrina Disaster (MCEER 2005, NIST 2006)

Other Extreme Events Not Yet Documented/Published

Strong Indication That Extreme Events Have Multihazard Features


The Need For A PlatformThe Need For A Platform

To Begin A Sustained And Organized Database Development Effort For Design Against Extreme Events

Initial Phase To Establish Standardized Definitions And Ground Rules For Multihazard Extreme Events


Categories Of Multihazard Extreme Categories Of Multihazard Extreme EventsEvents

1. Single Event

2. Combined Multihazard Event

3. Consequent Multihazard Event

4. Subsequent Multihazard Event

5. Simultaneous Multihazard Event

Note: The above are listed in Approximate order from more to least likelihood of occurrence


A Suggested US –Taiwan Cooperative A Suggested US –Taiwan Cooperative Project On Bridge EngineeringProject On Bridge Engineering

Development of Earthquakes and Hydraulic Hazards Database For Highway Bridges

Scope: Emphasis given to bridge damage modes and related

issues due to extreme events in selected regions. Express this information on an electronic platform

according to a set of definitions and format to be established.


Initial Thoughts On A Framework For Initial Thoughts On A Framework For Database DevelopmentDatabase Development

Triggering Event

Meteorological (Hurricane, Typhoons,Heavy Rain Fall)

Geological(Earthquake)

Induced

Geomorphic and

Hydrological

Hazards

Damage and Failure Modes of

Highway (Standard) Bridges Due to Single Event,

Combined, Consequent and

Subsequent Multihazard Events

Combined, Consequent & Subsequent Multihazard Platform

Database Information


Earthquake

Tsunamis

Severe Wind&/Or Rain Storm

Landslide

Load Effects

on Bridges

Liquefaction

Storm Surge

Debris Flow

Vessel

Collision

?

?

River Flooding

Scour


Bridges

There are many ways to classify bridges according to

Material

Construction Method

Structural Type

Crossing Method

Span and Total Length

Etc.


Bridges


Material

Construction Method

Structural Type

Crossing Method


Etc.

• Concrete

• Prestressed Concrete

• Steel

• Aluminum

• Wood

• Stone

• Etc.


Bridges


Material

Construction Method

Structural Type

Crossing Method


Etc.

• Integral constructed bridge

• Segmental constructed bridge


Bridges


Material

Construction Method

Structural Type

Crossing Method


Etc.

• Girder

• Truss

• Rigid frame

• Arch

• Cable-stayed

• Suspension

• Combined system

• Etc.

Deck bridge

Half through bridge

Through bridge

Simple supported beam bridge

Continuous beam bridge

Cantilever beam bridge


Bridge Components

Superstructure

Substructure:

Foundation

Deck system, cable, tower, upright column, suspenders, arch rib, wind brace

Connections: bearing

pier, abutment

Shallow: Spread foundation

Deep: Pile foundation

Etc.



Identify Key Parameters for Hazard Comparison

Methodology To Evaluate and Compare Multi-Hazards Load Effects On Bridges



Development of Multihazard Design Approaches and Procedures


SummarySummary

Multiple hazard design of highway bridges is a complex problem.

In order to carry out a systematic study to evaluate and compare the extreme hazard load effects on bridges, a uniform methodology is needed, and calibrated with real-world data.

Database may be developed by international partnerships.

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