machine vision for the life sciences - amazon web …...uses in the life sciences system...
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Machine Vision for the Life Sciences
Track, Trace & Control Solutions
Presented by:
Niels Wartenberg June 12, 2012
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Niels Wartenberg Microscan Sr. Applications Engineer, Clinical Senior Applications Engineer on Microscan's Clinical Team and regular instructor of identification technology courses, Mr. Wartenberg has been part of the Microscan Team since 2000. Prior to joining Microscan he gathered over 8 years experience implementing solutions in clinical laboratory systems.
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is increasingly adopted as an effective means of automating critical processes and increasing laboratory throughput
Machine Vision
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More Repeatable Faster
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Machine Vision and Auto ID Converge Microscan legacy:
30+ years in Auto ID
30+ years in Machine Vision
Read bar codes, PLUS: Measure Vials
Check Fill Level
Verify Cap Alignment
…and More
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Agenda
Machine Vision Basics Definitions
Uses in the Life Sciences
System Configurations Smart Cameras
PC-based Systems
Software Tools Image Processing
Image Analysis
Typical Applications Identification
Inspection
Measurement
Robotic Guidance
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The automatic extraction of information from
digital images.
MACHINE VISION
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Examples of Useful Information
Presence/Absence of a Component
Location/ Orientation of an Object
Reading of a Human or Machine Readable Code
Non-Contact Measurement of a Dimension
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Application Examples Reading 1D symbols on microplates
Reading 2D symbols on vials/racks
Detecting correct orientation of slides
Inspecting print quality on tubes
Inspecting drops of dispensed liquid
Guiding a lab robot to pick & place specimen tubes
Check presence/absence of consumables (e.g. pipette tips, vials or other labware)
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System Configurations
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PROCESSING
SENSOR
LIGHTING
LENS
COMMUNICATION
PART PART
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Lighting
Proper lighting is essential to a successful machine vision application
Reveals features we want to detect/analyze
Minimizes everything else
Key choices Type of light
Light placement with respect to the part and camera
Surface geometry & texture of part are key factors in determining lighting
Generally, if the feature cannot be seen, it cannot be analyzed
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Lens Gather light & deliver to the image sensor Determine:
Focal Point
Field of View (FOV)
Depth of Focus
Lens & extension tubes
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Lens Configurations
Fixed, interchangeable lenses C-Mount standard
Used with standard or smart cameras
Autofocus lenses Mechanical or
liquid lens autofocus
Used in fully integrated imagers
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Image Sensors Captures light and converts it
to a digital image More pixels = more detail Higher resolution required
when: Resolving the narrow line in a
small bar code
Seeing small defect on a part
Making a precise dimensional measurement
Sensor is inside the camera
2MP sensor .3MP sensor
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Digital cameras Most modern machine vision cameras
Alternative standards Camera Link
Firewire (IEEE 1394)
USB (2.0 and 3.0)
GigE
Machine Vision Cameras
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GigE Vision® Standard GigE Vision standard
Developed by the Automated Imaging Association (AIA)
Adopted by industry Advantages over other standards
GigE Vision advantages High bandwidth for fast transfer of large
images Uncompromised transfer up to 100
meters Standard h/w & cables for easy, low cost
integration Standard h/w to connect multiple cameras
to single/multiple computers Highly scalable to follow Ethernet
bandwidth to 10GigE & beyond
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Software Tools
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Vision Processing Steps
Modify the image to make features stand out
Acquire Image
Image Processing
Image Analysis
Decision Logic
Communicate Results
Extract features from the image Measure features and compare to specification Communicate Pass/Fail decisions and other data
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Image Processing vs. Image Analysis Tools
Image Processing Original Image -> New Image
Used to make image easier to interpret or analyze
Image Analysis Image -> Features
Typical features include an edge, line, object, etc.
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Image Processing Tool Examples
Image arithmetic
Image warping
Binary & grayscale morphology
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Rotate text viewed at an angle
Image Warping Often used prior to OCR (Optical Character
Recognition)
Unwrap text printed on an arc or a circle
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Morphology Transforms the image to make certain features stand
out Use to expand, separate, merge, clean Does not extract features
Erode black pixels: Create separation and then count
Dilate white pixels: Increase Data Matrix cell size
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Image Analysis Tool Examples The Blob Tool Edge Detection Pattern Matching 1D & 2D Symbols OCR & OCV Dynamic ROI Location Measurement Resolution
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The Blob Tool A blob is a group of connected pixels within a size
range similar color (shade of gray)
differ from surrounding area
Typical applications Count number of parts
Locate position of a part
Measure size of a part
Compare to a tolerance Measure:
Check size to ensure parts are not broken
Count: Verify that all wires are installed
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Edge Detection Edge tools scan an image along a
user-specified direction Detect transitions between two
regions of different intensity
Fit a line, circle or ellipse to the edge data
Applications Detect or locate an object
Measure a distance
Locate a corner
Measure an angle
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Vector Edge Detection
Edges can be detected along user defined directions (vectors)
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Edge Tool Usage
Measure: Measure fill level of a container or detect cap tightness
Locate: Use two Edge tools to find a
corner
Locate: Check label placement
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Finding Patterns in an Image
Normalized correlation based template matching Scans template across image and identifies best match
Affected if part of what is in the template is missing from the image being analyzed
Geometric edge pattern matching Matches patterns of edges in the image and the template
Is not affected if part of the template is missing in the image or if the polarity of the image is reversed
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Pattern Matching
Intellifind Tool Example
Pattern matching tools learn the outline of a part of pattern
Scans across image and identifies best match
Locates pattern with sub-pixel accuracy
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1D & 2D Symbols Linear (1D) Bar Code Symbols
Limited data storage Height provides redundancy Requires higher contrast
2D Symbols (ie, Data Matrix) Data encoded in both height & width Readable 360 ° Contrast as low as 20%
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OCR - Optical Character Recognition Decodes human readable text
Can handle dot matrix & dot peen printing
Noisy backgrounds
Uneven lighting
Trainable Neural Network based
Character addition/deletion
Tolerates scale changes
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OCV – Optical Character Verification
Typical Application Checking correctness and
legibility of a printed label or text
Detects printing defects
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OCR vs. OCV Terms often used incorrectly – NOT the same
OCR: Optical Character Recognition OCV: Optical Character Verification
OCR – an automatic identification tool
Intended to decode human readable information OCV – a print quality inspection tool
Intended to flag & reject poor quality text
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Dynamic ROI Location Relocating regions of interest (ROI) to compensate
for part position and rotation
ROIs After Part Motion
ROIs Corrected For Part Movement
ROIs Positioned
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Nominal Measurement Resolution
Example:
Example:
Paper Clip = 1.0 " Image width = 1280 Pixels Resolution =
1.0 " /1280 Pixels = .0008 " /Pixel
Car = 13.5’ Image width = 1280 Pixels Resolution =
13.5’ / 1280 Pixels 162’’ /1280 Pixels = .127" /Pixel
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Actual Measurement Resolution
Depends on:
Sensor resolution
Field of View(FOV)
Sub-pixel capability of vision processing tools
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Typical Applications
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Automatic Identification Applications
Specimen ID Reagent ID Tube carrier ID Microtiter plate ID Microtiter vial ID
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Cap Color Detection
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Tube & Cap Inspection
Application requirements Rack location
Bar code reading
Tube/cap inspection
Solution Camera
Custom GUI
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Absence/Presence with compact Smart Camera
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Application requirements Determine object location &
orientation
Calibration in real world units
Robust & accurate pattern matching
Application examples Robotic tube pick & place
Colony picking
Vision Guided Motion Applications
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Machine Vision Automate critical
processes Increase throughput Achieve verifiable
process repeatability
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Thank You
If you have questions regarding this webinar or topic, please an e-mail to [email protected].
For further information about machine vision, visit our website at www.microscan.com.