MAMMALS RESOURCES 3 VIDEO CLIPS MARSUPIALS RAT DISSECTION TEXT Chap 808-829

Class Mammalia kangaroo, bat, rodents, whales, monkey, giraffe, man, horse, dog

Incredible variety in size 1.5 g bat to 100 ton whale FEATURES young born live after

gestation in the female mammary glands (sweat,

oil, pheromone glands)

lung breathing throughout life diaphragm separates abdominal

and thoracic cavities

body covered with hair

4 chambered heart

warm blooded

7 neck vertebrae in most species

2 pairs of limbs for locomotion

care for few young internal fertilization internal development

ORDER MONOTREMATAAustralia, New Guinea, Tasmania ie. platypus, echidna most reptile like lay eggs echidna lays egg right into pouch don't control body temperature well cloaca no nipples but have mammary

glands

Platypus

echidna (spiny anteater) juvenile called “puggle”

ORDER MARSUPALES

Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania ie. koala, kangaroo, opossum,

wombat 250 species pouched mammals Show Koala video here

Koala Bear

Tasmanian Devil

Flying Phalangers

Wombat

opossum

Kangaroo

young born very helpless after a short gestation in the female

must crawl to the pouch nipples in the pouch

Assign reading and text questions (914-919)

Why are they so isolated in Australia?

Continents separated 60 million years ago and left Australia with no placentals and only marsupials and monotremes.

marsupials were out competed by placentals else where in the world

DEFINE convergent evolution adaptive radiation

PLACENTAL MAMMALS (draw the placenta)

14 orders 95% of all mammals placenta- organ in the uterus that

connects mothers circulatory system to that of the baby

ORDERS of interestUngulates

-some of the largest mammals Why? Need a large stomach to digest

coarse food (like the …….) (cellulose primary component in the diet) many are built for speed long light legs, flexible spine, missing

clavicle leg joints lack rotation, basically

pendulum movement

CLASSIFICATION (based on feet, teeth and skulls)

2 Types Perrissodactyla- horse, rhino, tapir

(odd toed)

the “Ungulates”Perissodactyla

the “Ungulates”Perissodactyla

Formerly the most successful order (How do we measure success?)

Number of species, # individuals, land area, number of habitats

Artiodactyla - camel, antelope, hippo,

sheep, cow, pig, giraffe (even toed)

(currently the most successful)

Order Artiodactylasuborder Suiformes

Order Artiodactylasuborder Suiformes

Digestion Bacteria in the gut aid in digestion,

produces enzymes necessary to break down cellulose (chemical digestion)

Repeated chewing of regurgitated veg. Matter continues mechanical digestion in some species

Cows have a RUMEN = a chamber off the stomach for bacteria

Horse food flows through in 45 hours

Cow’s food flows through in 100 hrs

More efficient at extracting nutrients from food may explain this group’s success!!!!

PIGS (an even toed ungulate)

Terminology

Gilt- Sow- Boar- Barrow-

Virgin female

Female that has given birth

Male

Castrated male

Farrow = giving birth Gestation 3 m 3w 3d Female puberty reached in 4-8

months, breed with in 1 year, heat 1-5 days, 2 ½ litters per year

COWS ARE EVIL (notes in honor of Mr. Bangert)

-require half the world’s useable land area

-methane gas production “green house gas”

-poor source of nutrition (high fat, cancer agents, antibiotics)

-protein available from other sources -wasteful use of energy and water

ORDER RODENTIA

RAT DISSECTION Rats, mice, porcupine, beaver Chisel like front teeth 40% of placental mammals relatively small, adaptive, high

reproductive rate, intelligent

MARINE MAMMALS (several orders)

Pinnipedea- seals, sea lions, walrus, otters

Related to carnivores Predators Blubber Breed on land

Seal (cat face) Can’t move back legs Rear flippers Hunted for skin

and meat

sea lion (dog face) walks like a quadrupeds tricks in shows

Walrus Feeds off inverts

from bottom Whiskers for

feeling Tusks for digging

Sirenia- manatee, dugongs

Italian for mermaid- relative of the elephant

Highly endangered Only vegetarian Skin, oil, meat (like

veal) Front flippers and

fluke

Cetaceans- whales, dolphins, porpoises

90 species only 5 fresh water

Whales toothed- predators narwhal, killer,

dolphin

Whales baleen – filter feeders

a

broad flat tails (fluke), front limbs modified into flippers, blow hole in nostril

social animals songs, pod, breaching harem- may have 40 females defense and sex exhausts

defending male in 1-2 years bachelor groups

ambergris- indigestible squid beaks in sticky mess, used in perfumes

Humpback whale- feed in the arctic

Breed in Hawaii

Gray whale migration- summer in the arctic Ocean feeding on schools of krill

Breed in Baja California

EASY 1. The lower chambers of the heart are called 2. Marsupials and Monotremes composes what

% of mammals? 3. Atridactyls are even or odd toed? 4. Gland in the region of the neck of a rat: 5. Organ that links baby to material circulatory

system. 6. A cloaca would be found in what mammal? 7. Name the sieve like structure in some whales. 8. Marsupials are found mostly where?

EASY

1. The lower chambers of the heart are called ventricle

2. Marsupials and Monotremes composes what 5% of mammals?

3. Atridactyls are even or odd toed? 4. Gland in the region of the neck of a rat:

thymus 5. Organ that links baby to material circulatory

system. placenta 6. A cloaca would be found in what mammal?

Monotremes platypus, echidna 7. Name the sieve like structure in some

whales. baleen 8. Marsupials are found mostly where?

Australia,New Guinea, New Zealand

MEDIUM 1. Name 5 marsupials. 2. I’m a pinneped with great legs and a

dog like face. 3. Name two organs in the thoracic

cavity. 4. Another name for vibrissae is 5. If you remove the organs in the

abdominal cavity, what organs are along the back body wall?

6. Blood enters the heart from the body in what chamber?

7. What structures enter and exit the stomach?

MEDIUM 1. Name 5 marsupials. Koala, Taz.

Kangaroo 2. I’m a pinneped with great legs and a

dog like face. Sea lion 3. Name two organs in the thoracic cavity.

Heart, lungs 4. Another name for vibrissae is whiskers 5. If you remove the organs in the

abdominal cavity, what organs are along the back body wall? kidneys

6. Blood enters the heart from the body in what chamber? Right atrium

7. What structures enter and exit the stomach? Esophagus ,intestines

DIFFICULT 1. Explain the distribution of marsupials. 2. Explain embryonic diapause. What is

it’s adaptive value? 3. Name the 2 blood vessels that carry

blood to the heart from the body. 4. Birthing a pig is called ________ and

the mom is called a _______ 5. List 3 reasons why “cows are evil”. 6. Describe the first mammal.

Kelsie,.............l . z{... ???

DIFFICULT 1. Explain the distribution of marsupials.

Australian continent drifts away with no placental mammals to compete with the marsupials. They survive and diversify.

2. Explain embryonic diapause. What is it’s adaptive value? Embryo in uterus will quickly start to develop if joey in pouch dies

3. Name the 2 blood vessels that carry blood to the heart from the body. Anterior and posterior vena cava superior and inferior vc

DIFFICULT 4. Birthing a pig is called __farrow______

and the mom is called a _sow______ 5. List 3 reasons why “cows are evil”. Require much land space to raise Poor source of protein (high fat and

cholesterol) High antibiotic use, possible cancers

from high red meat diet. 6. Describe the first mammal. Legs out

90 degrees, reptile like,

STUDY GUIDE FOR MAMMALS(a copy will be handed out)

1. Heart anatomy and blood flow 2. Rat anatomy from dissection lab 3. History and behavior of rats from lab 4. Characteristics of mammals 5. Origin and structure of the placenta 6. Diagram the placenta 7. Characterize specific orders. Monotremes, Marsupials,

Ungulates, Aquatic Mammals 8. Explain why some people consider “cows to be evil”. 9. Explain distribution of marsupials 10. Explain origin of mammals. 11. Trace the digestive system. 12.Know the function of these systems: circulatory,

respiratory, digestive, reproductive, skeletal 13. Notes from text reading