Management Information Systems

Lection 09Cloud technologies and distributed

computing

CLARK UNIVERSITY

College of Professional and Continuing Education (COPACE)

Plan

• Cloud computing• Distributed computing• Personal virtual computing in SUSU

Cloud technology

• It is called “cloud computing” abroad. • Cloud computing is the use of computing

resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service over a network (typically the Internet). Cloud computing entrusts remote services with a user's data, software and computation.

Model of cloud computing

What for?

• «Cloud» is a new business model for the provision and reception of information services.

• This model helps to reduce operational and capital costs. It allows IT-departments to focus on strategic projects, rather than on routine management of data center.

Advantages

• effective use of areas (there is no need to allocate separate and specially equipped areas for traditional computer offices);

• reduction in the cost required for the creation and maintenance of computer offices;

• opportunity to reverse communication with other employees;• the guarantee of license purity of the software;• reduction of costs of licensed software;• minimize the number of licenses due to their centralized use;• centralized administration of software and information

resources.

Cloud computing

• In fact, the transition to cloud computing is the outsourcing of traditional processes of managing by the infrastructure of external professional providers, which provide the opportunity not only to use existing cloud platform, but also to create your own platform, according to the technological and legal requirements of the customers.

Cloud computing

• Analysts of Gartner Group call “cloud computing” the most promising strategic technology of the future, predicting the movement of the greater part of IT in «clouds» during next 5-7 years.

• By 2015, this market will reach $ 200 billion.

Cloud computing

• In Russia in spite of the existing proposals from the largest international corporations like Microsoft, IBM, Intel, NEC and a number of domestic providers the demand for cloud services is still low.

• But according to the forecast of the analytical company IDC, in the next 5 years the market of cloud services in Russia will grow by more than 500% and will reach 113 million dollars.

Principles of cloud technologies• Example: your mailbox is stored somewhere on the Internet, "on

the cloud". You don't know exactly where it is located and how it is delivered to you. If you disconnect from the Internet, and you won’t access to mailbox.

• For the end user: cloud - something like a black box. By typing in the browser gmail.com you will connect with one computer, and the next time - with another one.

• That is because there is a whole system of servers, which are engaged in the distribution of the traffic.

• That is because the user requests can be extremely unevenly! The traffic of a particular region may depend on the time of day, the political situation or just having committed an act of terrorism.

How does it work?

• One of the basic principles is the virtualization. In “cloud" virtual machines are running on the real servers which process your requests.

• Such technology allows in case of problems with your computer physical quickly turn it off, and then the virtual machine is moved to another server. In addition, a similar distribution allows you to use not very powerful computers.

• The most actively developing cloud technology is developed by Google now. The idea is to transfer all your data on the cloud and compute all requests there.

• It increases the requirements to the quality of the Internet connection.

Disadvantages

• The complete dependence of the user from the connection to the Internet. Without the Internet all your mail, documents, contacts, games, scheduled tasks, set alarms etc instantly disappears.

• The increase of the price of the mistake. If the manufacturer faults, he has the risk of losing or issue of the open access all the data. For example, in 2009, the service of storing bookmarks “Magnolia” lost all their data. The scale of the catastrophe can be really big.

• “Infrastructure as a Service” (“IaaS” )• “Plaatform as a Service” (“PaaS”) • “Software as a Service” (“SaaS”)

Types of cloud computing

SaaS has the largest percent of usage

• IaaS is the provision of computer infrastructure as a service on the basis of the concept of cloud computing.

• IaaS consists of three main components:– Hardware (servers, data storage systems, the client

system, network equipment)– Operating systems and system software (virtualization

tools, automation, plant and equipment resource management)

– Connecting software (for example, control systems)

IaaS

• PaaS is the provision of the integrated platform for the development, testing, deployment and support of web applications as a service.

• To deploy a web application developer doesn’t need to purchase equipment and software, there is no need to arrange for their support.

• Access for the client can be organized by leasing.

PaaS

• the application is optimized for the remote use;• one application can be used by several clients;• payment for the service is charged as either a

monthly fee, or on the basis of the aggregate volume of the transactions;

• application support is included to the payment;• modernization of the application is made

smoothly and transparently to the client.

SaaS

• From the point of view of developers of software, SaaS model will allow to deal effectively with the unlicensed use of the software, due to the fact that the client can’t store, copy and install the software.

SaaS

Examples of SaaS

Google SaaS

• Mail• Communications (VoIP)• Antispam and antivirus• Helpdesk• Project management• E-learning and distance learning• CRM• Back-ups and archiving information

Demand on the SaaS

• According to the concept of SaaS the user pays not when he buys a product, but lease (or rent) it.

• And he use only those functions which he needs.

• For example, you need some program once a year. And you don’t want to use it more often. Then why should you buy it if it will only occupy place at the hard disk?

SaaS

• Competition in the sphere of cloud computing led to the appearance of free services.

• Microsoft and Google go through this way. Both companies released sets of services, allowing to work with the documents: Google Docs and Microsoft Office Web Apps.

• Both services are closely linked with the mail (Gmail and Hotmail) and file storage.

• Both Google and Microsoft are integrating the support of their online services in the desktop and mobile software (Android OS and Windows Phone 7).

SaaS

• A similar concept but with a few other accents Apple promotes. It is a service MobileMe.

• The service includes e-mail client, calendar, address book, file storage, photo album and a tool to locate the lost iPhone.

• Apple takes about 65 euros (or $ 100) per year. • Simultaneously you use this set of Internet-

services and applications without browser.

SaaS

• Private cloud is used for the provision of services within a single company.

• Since the «cloud» is limited by frameworks of the company itself, the question of protection of data is solved by standard existing methods.

Types of clouds

• Public cloud is used by the cloud providers for provision of the services to external consumers.

• Hybrid cloud is the joint use of two previous models.

Types of clouds

Distributed computing

• Distributed computing means that you don’t use some other resources but vis-a versa you give your computer to participate in a general project

• Why do you need it? In general, it is not necessary at all. You can just try it, that is, "play", and you can actually participate in some sort of useful project, for example in finding a cure for cancer.

• How is it working? Very simple and very difficult at the same time. Very simply, because they are based on the basic idea - most of the time the resources of your computer is idle. So why not use it for something good?

• But the main problem is the distribute the task through many computers, it is not a trivial task.

Distributed computing

Examples are on the web-site:• distributed.ru (you can read and maybe connect to different projects)

Virtual machines

• The virtual machine is completely isolated software container that works with its own operating system and applications just like a physical computer. The virtual machine also acts as a physical computer, and contains virtual RAM, hard disk and network adapter.

Visualization

• The technology of virtual desktops of employees on the basis of virtual PC is caleed Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI).

• VDI allows to split client software from the physical part and realize the access to the client applications through the terminal devices.

Personal Virtual Computer

• In South Ural State University there is a project “Personal Virtual Computer”.

Logical scheme of PVC

Cloud of PVC SUSU