mapping the world. the importance of proper map research case study #1: titanic
TRANSCRIPT
If you know how to read a map…
• You will get along with your friends.
• You will find your way back home.
• You will live to a ripe old age.
If you don’t know how to read a map…
• You will argue and fight with your friends.
• You will cuss a whole lot.
• You will die a horrible, gruesome death at the hands of supernatural demons.
Maps
• Elements of a map
• Latitude and longitude
• Scale
• Map projection
• Types of maps
• Mental maps
Elements of a map
• POINTS – cities, sites, etc.
• LINES– boundaries, routes, etc.
• FILLS– political colors, thematic patterns, etc.
• TYPE/SYMBOLS– Labels, statistical charts, etc.
Latitude and Longitude
Latitude lines(parallels)
run East-West, labeled N or S
90 ˚ N
Longitude lines(meridians)
run North-South, labeled E or W.
Santiago, Chile33 ˚ 26’ S, 70 ˚ 40’ W
Poniatowski, Wisconsin
45˚ N, 90˚ W
InternationalDate Line
180˚
Degree ˚Minutes ‘
All Map Projections Distort…
• Distance, or
• Direction, or
• Shape, or
• A combination of the above.
Scale: Meaning #1
• The size/scope of places being studied
• Local Global
• Think in terms of local issues vs
regional, national, or global issues
Scale: Meaning #2• Shows the ratio of distance and area on Earth to the distance and area on a map
• Example: one cm on map equals 1 km
• Representations:– proportional fraction (1/100,000)– ratio (1:100,000)– bar scale– verbal statement
Opposite meaning of “scale”
• A large-scale map shows a small area
• A small-scale map shows a larger area
• A scale of 1/5,000 is a large-scale map compared to a scale of 1/1,000,000.
Types of maps
• Choroplethic– Uses choropleths, or existing (political) units
• Isometric– Uses isolines, or data lines (such as contours)
• Symbolic– Proportional representation, located charts, etc.
• Cartograms• Or a combination of the above
Geographic InformationSystems (GIS)
• Data-driven systems
• Allows merging (comparison) of data using layers of information on a map.
• Fastest growing area of geographic jobs
• Highly technical, centered in government and business
Mental map interpretation• Selection of information, details, labels
• Omission is as important as inclusion
• Proportions of sizes, scales, shapes
• Choice of physical or cultural features
• Relative placement of features
• Influence of personal experience
• Influence of media and world events
• Effect of core, periphery, semi-periphery