MARC FORMATS

Facilitating sharing of Catalogue Records

By Otuoma Sanya

RECORDS & ITEMS

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

The Analytical Approach

Dr. Boniface M. Sababu (CPS, Bed, MBA, phD)

THE JOMMO KENYATTA FOUNDATION

13-8058

STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT

The Analytical Approach

Dr. Boniface M. Sababu (CPS, Bed, MBA, phD)

THE JOMMO KENYATTA FOUNDATION

13-8059

What is MARC ?

MA – Machine

R – Readable

C – Catalogue

What is MARC ?

A set of rules and guidelines that dictate how computer programs should

represent catalogue records

Facilitate sharing with other computer programs.

MARC is a standard

How we got here

Cataloguing

Copy Cataloguing

Automating Copy Cataloguing

CATALOGUING

The process of creating metadata to describe information resources

It facilitates discovery of information resources in a catalogue

It makes use of ACCESS POINTS

Title Author Publisher Date published …. . ….

CATALOGUING 2

CHALLENGE

It is repetitive both at individual level, institutional level and beyond

SOLUTIONS

Copy cataloguing

CIP – Cataloguing in Publication

COPY CATALOGUING

Finding a matching catalogue record in

another library’s catalogue.

Copy and edit to customize according to

your library’s needs.

Save to make it available in your library’s

catalogue.

AUTOMATING COPY

CATALOGUING Using computer hardware, networks and

software programs to locate a matching record in other libraries.

Records must be machine readable i.e. electronic.

LIBRARY

A

LIBRARY

B

VUBIS

CATALOGUE KOHA

CATALOGUE

NETWORK

DIFFERENCES

Card Catalogue Machine Catalogue

Physical in form Electronic in form

Human readable Computer readable

Difficult to update/edit Easy to update/edit

Difficult to share Easy to share/copy

History

First developed in 1960s by the Library of Congress in

collaboration with Henriette Avram, an American

Computer Scientist.

It was then called LC MARC

Initially, libraries used union catalogues printed on book

catalogues and microform.

TERMINOLOGIES : Field

It describes the various sections of a

catalogue record as defined by AACR2.

EXAMPLE

245 14$aThe lost city of Atlantis /$cOtuoma Sanya.

TERMINOLOGIES : TAG

It is the three digit number assigned to

each of the fields in a MARC record.

EXAMPLE

245 14$aThe lost city of Atlantis /$cOtuoma Sanya.

TERMINOLOGIES : INDICATORS

They are one-digit codes (numbers 0-9) that are listed

right after the tag number.

They provide information about the content of that field.

EXAMPLE 245 14$aThe lost city of Atlantis /$cOtuoma Sanya.

1 – Shows that title added entry is required

4 – Number of characters to be ignored in filing (“The” and

one space.

TERMINOLOGIES : SUBFIELDS

A field may contain several pieces of information called subfields.

For instance, the title statement may have title, subtitle and

responsibility

EXAMPLE 245 10$aAtlantis :$bThe lost city /$cOtuoma Sanya.

1 – Shows that title added entry is required

0 – Number of characters to be ignored in filing

a – Title

b – Remainder of title

c - Responsibility

GENERAL OUTLINE

TAG DESIGNATION

000 to 099 Numbers, codes and classifications

100 to 199 Main entries

2xx Title, edition and imprint

3xx Physical description

4xx Series

5xx Notes

6xx Subjects field

7xx Added entries

8xx Series added entries, item holdings

9xx Locally defined

http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/

COMMONLY USED TAGS

TAG DESIGNATION

010 Library of Congress Control Number

020 ISBN

100 Personal name main entry (Author)

245 Title and statement of responsibility

250 Edition statement

260 Imprint (Publisher, place and date)

300 Physical description

490 Series information

650 Topical subject heading

700 Personal name added entries (Co-authors,

editors, illustrator etc.)

http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/

RETROSPECTIVE CONVERSION

OCR

Book Catalogue Machine Readable

Book catalogues were converted to machine readable format using OCR

STANDARDIZATION

The process of developing a product or service

that conforms to an established/accepted

measurement, value or way of doing things.

It helped to achieve compatibility of catalogue

records developed by independent libraries.

Bodies involved : ANSI ISO

BEFORE STANDARDIZATION

LIBRARY

c

LIBRARY

B

CATALOGUE CATALOGUE

LIBRARY

A

CATALOGUE

AFTER STANDARDIZATION

LIBRARY

c

LIBRARY

B

CATALOGUE CATALOGUE

LIBRARY

A

CATALOGUE

Union Catalogues

Online (copy) cataloguing

BENEFITS

Z39.50 PROTOCOL

Is an international communication protocol used for searching and

retrieval of bibliographic records from a bibliographic database.

It was developed by ANSI

It is designed using the client-server architechture and operates

over TCP/IP network.

PURPOSE

It facilitates communication between computers even if they are

not compatible.

It provides access to every compliant database.

Allows users to search and retrieve records from a large number

of databases.

It provides consistency between different application interfaces.

DEMO

Using z39.50

Using OAI-PMH

FURTHER READING

Dublin Core Metadata set

MARCXML

UNIMARC

OAI-PMH

REFERENCES

http://lili.org/forlibs/ce/able/course8/03purp

ose.htm

http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/

http://opac.must.ac.ke

THANK YOU