marine biology steven mark norris, ph.d. california state university channel islands
TRANSCRIPT
Marine Biology
Steven Mark Norris, Ph.D.
California State University Channel Islands
Oceans and
Land
Exploitation and Extraction
Recreation
Education and Research
Algae and oxygen
Weather
Climate
Human Impacts
Human Impacts
Human Impacts
Marine Science
……a little history
Guadalupe-Nipomo Dunes National Wildlife Refuge
Chumash shell midden
Shell Middens
Alexander the Great and his bathysphere
Aristotle
Aristotle’s lantern
Polynesian Stick Chart
Native American Whaling boat
Dark and Middle Ages
The Age of Exploration
HMS Beagle
Voyage of the Beagle (1831-1836)
Voyage of the Beagle (1831-1836)
Phillip Henry Gosse (1810-1888)
Challenger Expedition (1872-1876)
Challenger Expedition (1872-1876)
R/V Knorr
Calypso
Calypso in 2006
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
Scripps Institute of Oceanography
Oregon Institute of Marine Biology
bio + logia
=“study of life”
Biology
study of marine life
Marine Biology
Western Science
Plato and Aristotle
Raphael, ca. 1510
The Vatican
Mediaeval copy of Aristotle’s writings
Knowledge comes from authority and revelation
Middle Ages
Renaissance - Age of Enlightenment (starting1500’s)
Knowledge comes from exploration, examination and experimentation
An anatomy lesson
Rembrandt (1632)
Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
Sir Isaac Newton (1643-1727)
Natural Philosophy
“Let it not suffice to be book-learned, to read what others have written and to take upon trust more falsehood than truth, but let us ourselves examine things as we have opportunity, and converse with Nature as well as with books.”
John Ray -- 1691(1627-1705)
Natural Philosophy
The Scientific Method
The Scientific Method
An example…
Aristotle (384-322 BC)
Ptolemy (85-165 AD)
The universe according to Aristotle and Ptolemy
The universe according to Aristotle and Ptolemy
Hereford Cathedral, England
ca. 1280
Map of the world
Mappi Mundi
IndiaJerusalem
Britain
Spain Africa
Greece
Italy
North
Nicolaus Copernicus
(1473-1543)
Enter….
“On the movements of Heavenly bodies”
1543
Copernicus
The Copernican Universe
A model (hypothesis) based on examination of the real world
--- but still with problems.
Better data, and more refinements
Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)
Brahe and Kepler’s universe
….struggling with the data and ancient authorities
Galileo (1564-1642)
Sir Isaac Newton
(1642-1727)
Newton’s “Fluctions”
The current model that matches the data
…almost 2000 years
The Scientific Method
When Science and politics collide…
Trofim Lysenko (1898-1976)
A dark room
The car won’t start….
Limitations of Science
Ichthyology
Ichthyology
Ichthyology
Natural History Museum (London)
National Museum of Natural History (Paris)
Royal Museum of Central Africa (Belgium)
Ichthyology
Ichthyology
Ichthyology
African electric catfishes
Ichthyology
Published Research