Matter? What is that?

By: Isabel Chandler

Say what?

Everything is made up of matter!

However, it is categorized

But it cannot be categorized by phase or color…

Therefore…. Scientist ask 3 questions

Questions

Is the matter uniformed (same) throughout?

Can it be separated by chemical means?

Can is be separated by physical means?

Categories

Pure Substances

Can it be separated physically?

Yes- then its an Element

No- the it’s a Compound

Made up of more than one elementWater is an example H2O

cannot be changed into simpler substance (heating or chemical process)Smallest particle and building block is an atomElements on Table of ElementElements combined make million compoundsAtoms vary depending on element-1 kind of element (unique)

Mixture

Heterogeneous

Not uniform, doesn’t appear constant

Particles large enough to be seen throughout

Combined physically

Homogeneous

Look consistentParticles are small, not easily recognizable

Suspension Pure substance

Colloid

A homogeneous mixture

It’s particles are mixed together, but not dissolved. Particles large and are kept permanently suspended.

Will not separate upon standing

Often seems cloud because particles are constantly running into one another

Solution

Type of homogeneous mixture

Formed when a substance dissolves

Best mixed of all

Solute- is dissolved

Solvent- does the dissolving

Separation Techniques

Distillation- use of boiling point

Filtration- based on particle size and solubility

Distillation

A process that separates the substance in a solution based on boiling points

Plateau- the point at which a line flattens out

The plateau is used to determine when one substance is at its boiling point, and when there has been one substance dissolved

Example: Mixture or Pure Substance? Lab

Filtration/Evaporation

A process used to isolate materials based on their particle size, or solubility

Put filter paper in funnel over test tube. It will isolate the liquid from the solid. Then take out the filter paper, and let it sit for the night so the remaining liquid can Evaporate.

Evaporation

A process used to isolate a solid dissolved in a liquid

Property- Solubility

Example- NaCl and water (salt)

Disclaimer (Con)- only can isolate solid (-water evaporates into air)

Chemical Changes

Flammability

A materials ability to burn

Reactivity

Hoe readily a substance combines chemically with other substances

Evidence of a Chemical Change

Color change

Ex; Oxidizing

Production of gas

Ex: Evidence of Bubbles

Formation of precipitate

Ex: Cottage cheese

Change in temperature

EXOTHERMIC/ENDOTHERMIC

Chemical vs. Physical

Chemical- Composition of substance is different

Physical- Composition of substance is the same

Study Questions

What are the differences between a solution, suspension, and colloid?

Study Questions

What is a physical property?

Study Questions

What are the definitions of…

Melting Point

Boiling Point

Density

Viscosity

Conductivity

Malleability

Hardness

Odor

Solubility

Study Questions

How could you use physical properties to identify substances?

Student Questions

How can we use physical properties to separate mixtures?

Study Questions

What is a physical change

Study Questions

What is a chemical change?

Study Questions

What are two chemical property?

Study Questions

How do you recognize a chemical change?

Study Questions

Fill in the blank

“__________ properties can be observed only when the substances in the sample of matter are changing into different substances.”

Study Questions

What is the difference between a chemical change vs. a physical change?

Study Questions

What do bubbles mean when performing an experiment?

Study Questions

What is a mixture?

Study Questions

What is a pure substance?

Study Questions

What three questions scientist ask to categorize?

Study Questions

What are these called

H2O

Hg

Ni

Study Questions

What is a bowl filled with gummy bear be called?

Study Questions

What is a hetergeous mixture?

Study Questions

What is homogeneous mixture?

Study Questions

What are elements?

Study Questions

What is compound?

Study Questions

Fill in the blank.

The smallest particle of an element is a _______.

All samples of pure substances are have (the) same composition.