medieval europe pp-1

8/7/2019 Medieval Europe PP-1

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Medieval EuropeMedieval Europe

aka Middle Agesaka Middle Ages

500500--1250 AD1250 AD


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Geography of EuropeGeography of Europe

Smallest continent on its own- BUTcombined with Asia- known as Eurasia-

creates worlds largest landmass Shaped like a big peninsula, has manypeninsulas and islands

Surrounded by Atlantic Ocean,Mediterranean Sea, North Sea and BalticSea


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2000 years ago Europe was heavily2000 years ago Europe was heavilyforestedforested

Deforested the area and set up farmsDeforested the area and set up farms N. European PlainN. European Plain-- most fertile areamost fertile area

Fishing very important (close to so manyFishing very important (close to so many

seas)seas) Rivers very useful to get around EuropeRivers very useful to get around Europe


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THE Middle AgesTHE Middle Ages

Also Known As Medieval ( Latin forAlso Known As Medieval ( Latin forMiddle) because in the middle of ancientMiddle) because in the middle of ancient

and modern timesand modern times-- or Dark Agesor Dark Ages-- b/cb/clight of civ had gone outlight of civ had gone out

End of Western Roman Empire ( 500 AD)End of Western Roman Empire ( 500 AD)

Trade declined BUT ownership ofTrade declined BUT ownership ofland=wealth and powerland=wealth and power


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Christianity spreadsChristianity spreads

The Pope helped to spread it by sendingThe Pope helped to spread it by sendingmissionaries to teach about Christianitymissionaries to teach about Christianity

Britain was one of the first placesBritain was one of the first placesconvertedconverted

Not all were missionaries from the popeNot all were missionaries from the pope--

400s AD (Saint) Patrick went on his own400s AD (Saint) Patrick went on his own--people claim he drove all the snakes outpeople claim he drove all the snakes outofIrelandofIreland-- named a saint b/c of thisnamed a saint b/c of this


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Religious communities

monasteries- (men) monks

Convents- (women) nuns devote their LIVES toGod!

Benedict 500s wrote first code (rules) formonks- Benedictine Rule

Abbot head monk:

Monks> pray for most of the dayFarmStudy (copied books by hand)

Make wine , crafts , Medicines


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480s480s ClovisClovis converted Gaul to Christianityconverted Gaul to Christianity

700s700s CharlemagneCharlemagne ruled Gaulruled Gaul

Had conquered France, Italy, GermanyHad conquered France, Italy, Germany

Was Christian and as he conquered spreadWas Christian and as he conquered spreadChristianityChristianity

800s Pope Leo III crowned him Emperor of800s Pope Leo III crowned him Emperor ofRome( whoop de do!) after he conquered itRome( whoop de do!) after he conquered it


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New capital NOT RomeNew capital NOT Rome-- AachenAachen(Germany)(Germany)

P.S. Literacy was not encouraged duringP.S. Literacy was not encouraged duringMA in EuropeMA in Europe-- BUT Charles knewBUT Charles knewdifferently and had his court filled withdifferently and had his court filled withbooks, scholars, poets, and musiciansbooks, scholars, poets, and musicians


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VikingsVikings

Charlemagnes rule ended in early 800s

Norsemen (Vikings) invaded from the NORTH intoScandinavia looking for land and riches

900s : Norsemen settled around Seine R. Became known asNORMANS called area NORMANDY adopted Christianityand French language.

1066 : Normans invaded England- leader was William the

Conqueror

1199 : King John I ruler of England made lords pay for wars,could imprison without a trial


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FEUDALISMFEUDALISM

A new form of governing and organizationA new form of governing and organization DefinitionDefinition-- a society based on landa society based on land

ownership AND serviceownership AND service

ManorManor--large estate owned by wealthylarge estate owned by wealthynoblesnobles


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Feudal System VideoFeudal System Video


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Lord/Lady/Vassal

Lord- owned the manor/could also be king of his

land Bishop- religious person- also could be a lord

Lady-lords wife was in charge of castle

Vassal- took an oath to serve the lord

did not own land Lord gave each V a fief ( separate manor- he did not own it

but he managed it)

Most important job was to serve as lords knight


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KnightsKnights

KnightKnight-- warrior on horsebackwarrior on horseback Different Stages:Different Stages:

PagePage (7)(7)--left home (son of a noble)left home (son of a noble) Lived with a knightLived with a knight

Learned ettiquiteLearned ettiquite Cared for horsesCared for horses

SquireSquire (15(15--20)20) Rode into battle with a knightRode into battle with a knight Blessed by a preistBlessed by a preist

Given a sword and a beltGiven a sword and a belt KnightKnight-- protected lord and manorprotected lord and manor Must have 3 horses, armor, and a squireMust have 3 horses, armor, and a squire Got extra $ by joustingGot extra $ by jousting!!


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KnightsKnights


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CraftworkersCraftworkers

CraftworkersCraftworkers-- free peoplefree people

Made/built saddles, shoes, etc.Made/built saddles, shoes, etc.

Family owned businessFamily owned business

Father was expert/masterFather was expert/master Levels:Levels:

Age 14Age 14-- apprenticeapprentice-- live with a masterlive with a master

1717--28 journeyman28 journeyman-- could join a guildcould join a guild

MasterMaster-- makes a master piece to showmakes a master piece to showcapabilitycapability

GUILDGUILD-- groups of workers, set prices andgroups of workers, set prices andrules about qualityrules about quality


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Whats up SERFer Dude?Whats up SERFer Dude?

SerfsSerfs

Given land to farmGiven land to farm

Had to work lords land tooHad to work lords land too Pay rent/taxesPay rent/taxes

Ask permission on lord to getAsk permission on lord to getmarriedmarried

One room house with peeps andOne room house with peeps andanimalsanimals

Usually died youngUsually died young

Church bells signaled breaks inChurch bells signaled breaks in


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SerfsSerfs


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Women in the MAWomen in the MA

Women had fewer rightsWomen had fewer rights

But had important rolesBut had important roles-- supported their familiessupported their families

Governed manor householdsGoverned manor households

Eleanor of AquitaineEleanor of Aquitaine --c.1200 ADc.1200 AD-- ran an arearan an areain S. France as a vassal, because queen ofin S. France as a vassal, because queen of

France, married Louis VII, divorced him becameFrance, married Louis VII, divorced him becameQueen of England by marrying King Henry II,Queen of England by marrying King Henry II,had many kidshad many kids-- 2 sons became Kings of England2 sons became Kings of England


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The powerThe power

By the middle/late Middle Ages power fellBy the middle/late Middle Ages power fellinto the hands of the spiritual leaderinto the hands of the spiritual leader(Pope) and political leader (king).(Pope) and political leader (king).

Pope seen as Gods rep. on EarthPope seen as Gods rep. on Earth-- gotgotpower from God and peoplepower from God and people

If people disagreed with the Pope heIf people disagreed with the Pope he

would EXCOMMUNICATE them!would EXCOMMUNICATE them! King usually had power/things/land fromKing usually had power/things/land from

familyfamily


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In the mid 900s ADIn the mid 900s AD-- pope gave thepope gave theemperor ( of Charlemagnes empire)emperor ( of Charlemagnes empire)approval to ruleapproval to rule-- now called Holy Romannow called Holy RomanEmpire ( pope lives in Rome)Empire ( pope lives in Rome)

Did not inherit crownDid not inherit crown--were elected bywere elected bynoblesnobles-- which led to fights and trickery!which led to fights and trickery!


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The Pope steps inThe Pope steps in

Pope Leo IX believed all religious officialsPope Leo IX believed all religious officialsshould answer to the Pope b/c everyoneshould answer to the Pope b/c everyonedid answer to the first pope ( St. Peter)did answer to the first pope ( St. Peter)

then all should answer to every Popethen all should answer to every Pope 1054 AD Constantinople's bishop refused1054 AD Constantinople's bishop refused

to do this so Leo excommunicated himto do this so Leo excommunicated him

thus began the Eastern Orthodox Churchthus began the Eastern Orthodox Church 1073 Pope Gregory VII vs. Emperor1073 Pope Gregory VII vs. EmperorHenry IVHenry IV


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Breaking up is hard to do!Breaking up is hard to do!

1054: Christian church split1054: Christian church split

Constantines churchConstantines church: Eastern Orthodox ;: Eastern Orthodox ;

RomeRome: Roman CatholicRoman Catholic


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CrusadesCrusades

A LONGGGGGGGG series of warsA LONGGGGGGGG series of warsbetween Christians and Muslims inbetween Christians and Muslims inSW Asia over control of PalestineSW Asia over control of Palestine

Holy Land to bothHoly Land to both

Turkish Muslims were attacking anyTurkish Muslims were attacking anyChristians who visited Jesus townChristians who visited Jesus town

Turks raided the Byz. EmpireTurks raided the Byz. Empire-- so theso theEmp asked the Pope for help!Emp asked the Pope for help!


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CrusadesCrusades

10451045Pope Urban II called for a ChristianPope Urban II called for a ChristianPilgrimage (Pilgrimage (11ststCrusadeCrusade) to Jerusalem to) to Jerusalem tocapture it back from Muslim Turkscapture it back from Muslim Turks

12911291-- last crusadelast crusade

CrusadeCrusade-- Latin for marked with a crossLatin for marked with a cross


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#1#1

11stst Crusade 1096Crusade 1096-- 5000 Crusaders left Europe5000 Crusaders left Europefor the HLfor the HL-- the peasant crusaders (pc) attackedthe peasant crusaders (pc) attackedJews in GermanyJews in Germany-- blamed them for Jesusblamed them for Jesus

deathdeath-- most of the pcs were killed before theymost of the pcs were killed before theyreached Jerusalemreached Jerusalem

Nobles reached J and took it overNobles reached J and took it over-- set up 4set up 4small towns and traded with Europesmall towns and traded with Europe

BUT.. Within 50 years Muslims began takingBUT.. Within 50 years Muslims began takingland back thus the second Crusuadeland back thus the second Crusuade


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#2 and # 3#2 and # 3

11471147-- French and Germans set out toFrench and Germans set out toretake the Holy Landretake the Holy Land againagain

Poor planning and heavy troop loss ledPoor planning and heavy troop loss ledto a disasterto a disaster


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#3#3

11891189-- Muslims had recaptured all of theMuslims had recaptured all of theHLHL-- The French, German, English, andThe French, German, English, andHRE led armies inHRE led armies in-- But the German kingBut the German kingdied, French King and HRE leftdied, French King and HRE left-- so thatso thatleft King Richard I( the Lionhearted) toleft King Richard I( the Lionhearted) tobattle with Saladin ( Muslim leader)battle with Saladin ( Muslim leader)

Both were respected but overall, SaladinBoth were respected but overall, Saladinkept Jerusalem for the Muslimskept Jerusalem for the Muslims


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#4#4

12011201-- French Knights set out this timeFrench Knights set out this time--from Venicefrom Venice-- and in order to pay for theand in order to pay for thetrip they had to capture Zara for the HREtrip they had to capture Zara for the HRE

Instead of going to JerusalemInstead of going to Jerusalem-- they gotthey gotsidetracked and ransacked Constantinoplesidetracked and ransacked Constantinople( anotherChristian city) and never( anotherChristian city) and never

made it to Jerusalemmade it to Jerusalem


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Many more and then finallyMany more and then finally

By 1291 the Muslims had recaptured ALL of theBy 1291 the Muslims had recaptured ALL of theholy land and the Crusades were DONE (holy land and the Crusades were DONE (unsuccessful forChristians)unsuccessful forChristians)

Why, you may ask?Why, you may ask? Had to travel far from home on FOOTHad to travel far from home on FOOT-- many diedmany died

Werent prepared to battle in the desertWerent prepared to battle in the desert

Outnumbered by well prepared and well led armiesOutnumbered by well prepared and well led armies

Christians fought amongst themselves and wereChristians fought amongst themselves and wereunorganizedunorganized


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Crusades:Crusades:

helped kings to become more powerfulhelped kings to become more powerful

Created more tensions between Jews,Created more tensions between Jews,

Christians and MuslimsChristians and Muslims

increased tradeincreased trade

increased townsincreased towns

increased disease..increased disease..


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CrusadesCrusades


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Many wanted to visit religiousMany wanted to visit religiousplacesplaces-- so went on pilgrimages to doso went on pilgrimages to dososo-- traveled to Holy and religioustraveled to Holy and religious

sites around Europe and Asiasites around Europe and Asia Some believed in the church soSome believed in the church so

much that when they diesmuch that when they dies-- they leftthey leftland to the churchland to the church-- which waswhich wasdivided into fiefsdivided into fiefs-- and the churchand the churchbecame a lordbecame a lord-- humor anyone????humor anyone????


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Being religiousBeing religious

Monks of ClunyMonks of Cluny-- FrenchFrench MonksMonks--unhappy with Church affairsunhappy with Church affairs-- becamebecamea religious order anda religious order and devoted lives todevoted lives tonothing but Godnothing but God

Dominicans and FranciscanDominicans and Franciscan friarsfriarslived in cities and spread Christianlived in cities and spread Christian

teachingsteachings-- St. Francis of Assisi (St. Francis of Assisi (most famous one)most famous one)


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As towns grewAs towns grew-- eventually desire foreventually desire foreducation did as welleducation did as well--

11stst university in Bologna, Italy also haduniversity in Bologna, Italy also had

them in Paris (Sorbonne) and Englandthem in Paris (Sorbonne) and England

Thomas AquinasThomas Aquinas-- reasoned that rationalreasoned that rationalthought could be used to argue Christianthought could be used to argue Christian

beliefs ( eg. existence of God )beliefs ( eg. existence of God ) AlsoAlso Natural LawNatural Law-- God had created a lawGod had created a law

about how the world operatedabout how the world operated


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12151215 : Kings / Lords irritated with King Johns: Kings / Lords irritated with King Johns

ideas *limited his power with a legalideas *limited his power with a legal

document *calleddocument *called Magna CartaMagna Carta at first onlyat first only

pertained to nobles but then to allpertained to nobles but then to allhabeas corpushabeas corpus-- you have the bodyyou have the body-- meaning you had to havemeaning you had to have

just cause to arrest someone, etc.just cause to arrest someone, etc.

Created a ParliamentCreated a Parliament-- law making body that stilllaw making body that stillgoverns England today!governs England today!


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Hundred Years WarHundred Years War

13281328-- the French king diedthe French king died-- he had nohe had noheirs so England and France battled for hisheirs so England and France battled for histhronethrone-- France wonFrance won-- but England did notbut England did not

relentrelent-- thus began the war!thus began the war! For 100 years the English fought wellFor 100 years the English fought well--

then Joan of Arc ( French GIRL) rallied thethen Joan of Arc ( French GIRL) rallied theFrench to stand against themFrench to stand against them-- the Englishthe English

killed herkilled her-- but the French succeeded!but the French succeeded!


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EffectsEffects

EnglandEngland

Parliament's powerParliament's powergrewgrew

King now neededKing now neededpermissionpermission

King lost powerKing lost power

FranceFrance

Kings power grewKings power grew

Nobles supportedNobles supportedtheir king!their king!


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--Christianity in M.AgesChristianity in M.Ages--

(Many were Christian but there were also

Muslims and Jews)

Christian belief grew so strong M.Ages

became know as

Age of Faith*


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ReligionReligion


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BLACK DEATHBLACK DEATH

13481348-- Black Plague starts in Sienna, ItalyBlack Plague starts in Sienna, Italy

Infected fleas traveled on infected rats onInfected fleas traveled on infected rats onshipsships

Spread diseaseSpread disease-- wiped out 1/3 of Europeswiped out 1/3 of Europesentire populationentire population

Spread as far as Africa and BaghdadSpread as far as Africa and Baghdad

Black Flags were flown to warn visitors ofBlack Flags were flown to warn visitors ofplague in the townplague in the town

Lasted for 130 yearsLasted for 130 years


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BLACK DEATHBLACK DEATH

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