saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi

CAPACITY‐BUILDING OF THE GEORGIAN LEADERSHIP COMMUNITY FOR IMPROVED  

DECISION‐MAKING AND NEGOTIATION SKILLS  

 

 

winamdebare gamocemaSi warmodgenili politikis dokumentebi

Seiqmna proeqtis _ `saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli

SesaZleblobebis zrda gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da

molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi~ _ farglebSi. yvela

dokuments Tan axlavs reziume inglisur enaze, sadac mokled aris

gadmocemuli ZiriTadi daskvnebi.

The Public Policy Paper Series 2011 includes six policy documents

developed within the Capacity-Building of the Georgian Leadership

Community (CBGL) project. The English-language version of each policy

paper summary can be found at the end of the publication.

 

proeqti xorcieldeba SvedeTis saerTaSoriso

ganviTarebis saagentos finansuri mxardaWeriT

The Project is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency

 

samecniero xelmZRvanelebi:  arCil gegeSiZe vladimer papava aleqsandre rondeli

Mentors: Archil Gegeshidze Vladimer Papava Alexander Rondeli

redaqtori: rusudan margiSvili

Editor: Rusudan Margishvili

teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi

Technical Editor: Artem Melik-Nubarov

 

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso

urTierTobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe wignis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos nebismieri, maT Soris, eleqtronuli an meqanikuri formiT.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2011 weli

   

All rights reserved and belong to Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, including electronic and mechanical, without the prior written permission of the publisher

Copyright © 2011 Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies 

 

proeqtis Sesaxeb

programa ,,saqarTvelos sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli SesaZleblobebis zrda

gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da molaparakebebis warmarTvis teqnikaSi” miznad isaxavs

daexmaros saqarTvelos mTavrobas marTvis sferoSi arsebuli problemebis daZlevaSi.

proeqti iTvaliswinebs saSualo rgolis sajaro moxeleTa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

warmomadgenelTa CarTvas politikis SemuSavebisa da molaparakebis warmarTvis teqnikis

dasaxvew praqtikul mecadineobebSi. es mecadineobebi moicavs ara marto Tanamedrove

midgomebis danergvas qarTul sajaro administraciasa da sajaro politikaSi, aramed

saxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebze sajaro politikis dokumentebis SemuSavebas.

proeqti aseve xels Seuwyobs qarTvel sajaro moxeleTaTvis marTvis Tanamedrove

midgomebis Sesaxeb codnis, praqtikisa da unarebis gacnobas.

programas afinansebs SvedeTis saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagento (SIDA) da

axorcielebs saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fondi

(GFSIS). am proeqtis farglebSi GFSIS -is ZiriTadi partniorebi arian SvedeTis sajaro

administraciis instituti (SIPU International) da estoneTis diplomatiis skola (EDK).

programa xels uwyobs sajaro mmarTvelobis kulturis Camoyalibebas, romelic aris

angariSvaldebuli da iTvaliswinebs qarTuli sazogadoebis saWiroebebs. garda amisa,

programa miznad isaxavs gadawyvetilebis miRebis sferoSi qarTuli mmarTvelobis

SesaZleblobebis gaZlierebas, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi gaxdes ufro

gamWvirvale da iyos moqnili garemoebaTa cvlilebis Sesabamisad. programa aseve moicavs

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo seqtorebsa da organizaciebs Soris TanamSromlobis

gaumjobesebas da saxelmwifo moxeleTa SesaZleblobebis gazrdas, raTa saqarTvelo ukeT

warmoCndes saerTaSoriso doneze sxva saxelmwifoebTan Tu saerTaSoriso

organizaciebTan urTierTobisas.

programa xorcieldeba oTxi wlis manZilze (2009-2013 ww.) da Sedgeba Semdegi oTxi

komponentisgan:

sajaro moxeleTa profesiuli momzadeba politikis analizisa da molaparakebebis teqnikaSi.

konkursis gziT SerCeul qarTvel sajaro moxeleebs qarTveli, estoneli da Svedi

eqspertebi eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi Cautareben mecadineobas sajaro politikis analizisa

da molaparakebis teqnikis Sesaswavlad. amasTan, monawileebi SeimuSaveben politikis

dokuments qveynisaTvis aqtualur sakiTxebze. am procesSi maT uxelmZRvaneleben GFSIS-

is eqspertebi. politikis dokumentebis dasrulebis Semdeg moxdeba maTi sajaro ganxilva

da xuTi saukeTeso naSromi gamoicema. programis am komponents daasrulebs saswavlo-

gacnobiTi viziti estoneTSi. programis farglebSi swavlebis kurss gaivlis sajaro

moxeleTa xuTi jgufi/nakadi. TiToeul jgufSi iqneba daaxloebiT ocdaxuTi monawile.

trenerTa momzadebis (ToT) komponentis farglebSi qarTveli specialistebi qarTul enaze

SeimuSaveben saswavlo programebsa da saswavlo masalebs sajaro administraciis,

molaparakebis teqnikis, genderisa da mravalferovnebis, xarjTsargeblianobis, proeqtis

marTvisa da Sefasebis sferoebSi. dagegmilia programis bolo ori nakadisTvis swavlebis

qarTul enaze Catareba.

adamianuri resursebis marTvis komponenti moicavs qarTul sajaro samsaxurSi adamianuri

resursebis marTvaSi CarTul profesionalTa Soris Tanamedrove praqtikis danergvis

xelSewyobas. am komponentis meore amocanaa adamianuri resursebis marTvis sferoSi

maRalkvalificiuri swavlebisaTvis adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis gazrda.

sajaro politikis qseli miznad isaxavs sajaro politikis sferoSi samTavrobo

struqturebis warmomadgenlebsa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebas Soris aqtiur

TanamSromlobas da informaciis gaziarebas proeqtis vebgverdis Seqmnisa da

kursdamTavrebulTa prfesiuli qselis Camoyalibebis gziT.

 

ABOUT THE PROJECT

“Capacity-building of the Georgian Leadership Community for Improved Decision-making and Negotiation Skills” is designed to assist the Georgian government in addressing its governance challenges. This multi-component initiative aims to introduce and reinforce modern management skill sets, proficiency and practice among Georgian public officials. The project engages directly with middle level public servants and civil-society representatives through practical in-service training in policy development and negotiation techniques. Apart modernization of the Georgian public administration and public policymaking, the project activities seek to deliver actionable policy documents on the issues of national importance. The project activities and the policy initiatives will be consistent with and supportive of principles of gender and diversity equality. The program is funded by the Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA). The Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (GFSIS), along with its principal partners - the Swedish Institute for Public Administration (SIPU International) and the Estonian School of Diplomacy (ESD), is the main implementer of the program. The program will promote a likeminded leadership culture that is accountable and oriented to meeting the needs of the Georgian society. Furthermore, the program aims at strengthening the Georgian government capacity in decision-making, as well as increasing its transparency and flexibility in responding to the changing circumstances. In addition, this initiative intends to improve organizational cooperation among the Georgian public sectors and the country’s interaction with other states and international organizations. The program, which will be implemented during four years (2009 – 2013), includes the following components: Training for government officials in policy and negotiation techniques - Selected Georgian public servants will complete an eight-month intensive training program in public administration, policy planning and negotiation techniques. Georgian, Swedish and Estonian experts will conduct the training. Furthermore, under the guidance of GFSIS mentors, the participants will work on the issues pertinent to the country development policy. The training will be followed by a public discussion of the policy papers and a study visit to Estonia. The best five papers will be published in Georgian and in English. There will be five training groups in total with approximately 25 participants in each group. The training of trainers (ToT) component - Through the project's training of trainers (ToT) component, Georgian professionals will develop the Policy and Negotiations Training Program curriculum and teaching materials in Georgian. Topics covered under this training include Public Administration, Public Policy Planning, Negotiation Techniques, Gender and Diversity, Cost Benefit Analysis, Project Management/Change Management and Program Evaluation. Under the project framework, professional training programs will be implemented in the above listed fields for Georgian government employees and civil society representatives in the Georgian language. Professional development training for HR managers - The project's HR component aims to provide knowledge in modern Human Resources Management (HRM) practices among Georgian HR-managers within line ministries and other governmental agencies. A second objective of the component is to build domestic capacity to deliver high quality training in HRM. The component will include needs-based training sessions on professional development and a study visit to Sweden. A knowledge and resource sharing component - This component is aimed to promote greater communication, knowledge sharing, consultation and collaboration among public-policy stakeholders across the Government of Georgia and civil society through establishing a project's website and organizing number of alumni retreats.

 

saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis ganviTarebis gamowvevebi da perspeqtiva saqarTveloSi

mamuka CixlaZe

saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebisa da infrastruqturis saministros

infrastruqturis departamentis ufrosi specialisti

r e z i u m e

saxelmwifosTvis mniSvnelovani da prioritetulia aRmosavleT-dasavleT

Cqarosnuli avtomagistralis mSenebloba sarfidan (TurqeTis sazRvari) wiTel xidamde

(azerbaijanis sazRvari) da sadaxlomde (somxeTis sazRvari), Tbilisis gavliT. es

avtomagistrali satransporto derefans daakavSirebs Savi zRvis navsadgurebTan

(foTis da baTumis navsadgurebi) da uzrunvelyofs regionSi saavtomobilo gzebze

moTxovnis dakmayofilebas, rac, Tavis mxriv, daexmareba qveynis satranzito

potencialis amaRlebas, saerTaSoriso vaWrobisa da turizmis ganviTarebas.

dReisaTvis Tbilisidan goramde gayvanilia 80 km. sigrZis 4-zoliani Cqarosnuli

avtomagistrali, reabilitacia-perioduli SekeTebis samuSaoebi Cautarda 2 300 km-mde

saavtomobilo gzas. aqedan 2008 wels gakeTda 11 km. gza da reabilitacia Cautarda 335

km. saavtomobilo gzas, xolo 2009 wels aSenda 48 km. saavtomobilo gza da 10 xidi,

aseve reabilitacia Cautarda 630 km. saavtomobilo gzas da 108 xids.

2004 wlidan dRemde gzebis mSeneblobis, reabilitaciisa da movla-Senaxvis

samuSaoebze 1,5 miliard larze meti daixarja.

2010 wels sveneTi-ruisis monakveTze aSenda 20 km. Cqarosnuli avtomagistrali,

aseve md. liaxvze 880-metriani xidi-estakada da 800-metriani gvirabi; sareabilitacio

da perioduli SekeTebis samuSaoebi ki Cautardeba 550 km saavtomobilo gzas.

garda gzebis mSenebelobisaTvis erTjeradad gaweuli didi fuladi

danaxarjebisa, aucilebelia Tanamedrove standartebis Sesabamisi iseTi sagzao

infrastruqturis SemoReba da movla-Senaxva, romelic, erTi mxriv, iqneba usafrTxo,

gamarTuli da momxmareblis moTxovnebis Sesaferisi, xolo meore mxriv, misi Senaxva

qveyanas ar Seuqmnis did finansur sirTuleebs.

uwinares yovlisa, aucilebelia Sedegze orientirebuli sistmis Seqmna, rac

niSnavs Sedegze orientirebuli xelSekrulebis gaformebas kontraqtorTan.

xelSekrulebaSi sworad unda iyos gansazRvruli is pirobebi, romelTa dacviTa da

SenarCunebiT uzrunvelyofili iqneba saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis kargi

mdgomareoba, sagzao usafrTxoeba da maRali gamtarunarianoba. dReisaTvis arsebuli

pirobebiT kontraqtis safuZvels warmoadgens dazianebuli gzis (bzarebis, ormoebis da

a.S.) SekeTeba. Sedegis misaRwevad ki saukeTeso gamosavalia Sedegze orientireba da

5

 

kontraqtoris daqiraveba ara imisTvis, rom dazianebuli SeakeTos, aramed imisTvis, rom

iseTi gzebi gakeTdes, sadac saerTod ar warmoiqmneba aseTi dazianebebi.

amgvari xelSekruleba uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis

karg mdgomareobas, magram Seicavs garkveul damatebiT danaxarjs. saavtomobilo gzebis

movla-Senaxvis dafinansebis sakiTxis mogvarebisaTvis arsebobs ramdenime

alternatiuli gza, kerZod:

arsebuli mdgomareobis SenarCuneba – saxelmwifo biujetidan saavtomobilo

gzebis movla-SenaxvisTvis saWiro xarjebis gaweva da finansebis wyaroebis moZieba;

mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis – mosakreblis sistemis

danergva, Tanamedrove gamocdilebis Sesabamisad, magaliTad, VIGNETTE-is sistema,

romelic aris unificirebuli da gamartivebuli, moqnili da iafi. sistemis SeqmnisTvis

saWiroa Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo cvlileba, infrastruqturuli uzrunvelyofa da

Sedegiani administrireba.

saavtomobilo gzebis koncesia – saavtomobilo gzebis gadacema koncesiiT.

Sedegad saxelmwifos aRar eqneba xarjebi saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis

movla-SenaxvisaTvis, aseve gaumjobesdeba da SenarCundeba saavtomobilo gzebis kargi

mdgomareoba da usafrTxoebis maRali done, Tumca saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyeneba

gaxdeba fasiani, ramac SesaZloa uaryofiTad imoqmedos qveynis satranzito

potencialze.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia SemuSavdes sistemuri

midgoma saavtomobilo gzebis Semdgomi ganviTarebisa da movla-SenaxvisaTvis, raTa

Tanamedrove gamowvevebis Sesabamisad dakmayofildes arsebuli moTxovnebi da xeli

Seewyos saqarTveloze gamavali satransporto derefnis konkurentunarianobis

amaRlebas.

S e s a v a l i

istoriuli mimoxilva. saqarTvelos geopolitikuri mdebareobisa da mTagoriani

reliefis gaTvaliswinebiT, saerTaSoriso da Siga gadazidvebisTvis yvelaze

xelmisawvdomi da efeqtiani saSualebaa avtosatransporto gadazidvebi. Cveni qveynis

mTavari satranzito magistralebi _ e-60, e-70, e-97 da e-117 _ evropa-kavkasia-aziis

satransporto qselSi erT-erTi yvelaze perspeqtiuli satranzito marSrutebia.

saqarTvelo warmoadgens gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis evropis ekonomikuri

komisiis transevropuli, CrdiloeT-samxreTis avtomagistralebis (TEM), aziis

magistraluri qselisa (AH) da evropa-kavkasia-aziis satransporto derefnis (REACECA)

proeqtebis wevr qveyanas.

ekonomikuri aspeqtebi. sagzao aqtivebis marTva aris infrastruqturis, efeqtiani

movla-Senaxvis, gaumjobesebisa da operirebis sistemuri procesi, romelic aerTianebs

6

 

sainJinro principebs, biznespraqtikasa da ekonomikur Teorias. sagzao seqtorSi

ganxorcielebuli yoveli investicia sasargebloa socialurad da ekonomikurad.

sakanonmdeblo baza. dReisaTvis qveyanaSi ar arsebobs saavtomobilo gzebis

movla-Senaxvis dafinansebisaTvis sagangebo raime politikis dokumenti da xarjebis

gaweva xdeba centraluri da municipaluri biujetebidan. aseve ar aris SemuSavebuli

movla-Senaxvis xelSekrulebis proeqti.

miznebi. politikis dokumentis mTavar mizans warmoadgens sagzao

infrastruqturis ganviTarebis efeqtiani dagegmva xarjTsargeblis analizis

gaTvaliswinebiT. aseve, dokumentis mizania uzrunvelyos saavtomobilo gzebis

infrastruqturis kargi mdgomareoba da Sesabamisi movla-Senaxvis dafinanseba, raTa

dakmayofildes Tanamedrove gamowvevebis Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso standartebisa da

sagzao infrastruqturis momxmarebelTa moTxovnebi da xeli Seewyos qveynis

infrastruqturisa da zogadad, ekonomikis ganviTarebas.

amocanebi. politikis dokumentis farglebSi gamovlenili yvelaze optimaluri

alternativis realizebis Sedegad misaRwevi da dasaxuli amocanebia:

• avtomanqanis saeqspluatacio xarjebis Semcireba gzis swor safarze cveTis

Semcirebis Sedegad;

• gzis movla-Senaxvis xrjebis Semcireba, radgan gaumjobesebuli gzis safari

movla-Senaxvis minimalur xarjebs moiTxovs;

• mgzavrobis drois Semcireba, gaumjobesebul gzaze saoperacio siCqaris

gazrdis pirobebSi;

• ubeduri SemTxvevebis riskis Semcireba, radgan gzebze gaizarda

saeqspluatacio maCveneblebi;

• jansaRi garemos xelSewyoba – gamonabolqvis Semcireba gzis swor safarze

naklebi winaRobis gamo;

• regionuli infarstruqturis, vaWrobisa da soflis meurneobis ganviTareba;

• dasaqmeba, socialuri garemos gaumjobeseba;

• turizmis ganviTareba.

meTodologia. politikis dokumentSi gamoyenebuli meTodologia daefuZvna

arsebuli literaturisa da praqtikuli masalebis gacnobasa da mimoxilvas, internet-

resursebis moZiebas, dargSi saukeTeso gamocdilebis gaziarebas, sxva qveynis

magaliTebis Seswavlas, qveyanaSi moqmedi dargis specialistebTan interviuebs,

saerTaSoriso eqspertebTan interviuebs, qveyanaSi arsebuli oficialuri statistikuri

monacemebis gacnobasa da, kvlevis interesebis Sesabamisad, maT informaciul

damuSavebas.

SezRudvebi. qveyanaSi dReisaTvis ar arsebobs praqtikuli gamocdileba da arc

Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo baza, rac gaaadvilebda da xels Seuwyobda saavtomobilo

gzebis movla-Senaxvis dafinansebis sakiTxis mogvarebis procesis warmatebiT

7

 

realizebas, aseve SezRudvaa isic, rom ar aris Camoyalibebuli saxelmwifo politikuri

xedva da problemis mogvarebis prioritetuli gza.

p r o b l e m i s a R w e r a

dReisaTvis mimdinareobs aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Cqarosnuli avtomagistralis

mSenebloba, romelic moicavs ramdenime ukve dasrulebul da mimdinare proeqts, aseve

perspeqtiul proeqtebs, romelTa ganxorcileba finansdeba saerTaSoriso-safinanso

organizaciebTan gaformebuli sasesxo xelSekrulebis safuZvelze gamoyofili

kreditebiTa da saxelmwifo TanadafinansebiT.

dReisaTvis aSenebulia Tbilisidan goramde 80 km. sigrZis 4-zoliani Cqarosnuli

avtomagistrali, reabilitirebulia 2300 km. saavtomobilo gza da saerTo jamSi 2004

wlidan dRemde gzebis mSeneblobis, reabilitaciisa da movla-Senaxvis samuSaoebze 1,5

miliard larze meti daixarja.

2010 wels saavtomboilo gzebis ganviTarebisTvis gaweulma danaxarjebma 694

milioni lari Seadgina, maT Soris, saxelmwifo dafinanseba Seadgenda 56 procents da

saavtomobilo gzebis movla-Senaxva da SekeTebisTvis daixarja 320 milionamde.

yuradsaRebia, rom 2011 wels igegmeba ufro meti investiciis ganxorcileba, daaxloebiT

730 milionamde laris odenobiT, romlis naxevaric, savaraudod, iqneba saxelmwifo

biujetidan gaweuli danaxarjebi.8

saavtomobilo gzebis mSeneblobisTvis saWiro erTjeradi didi fuladi

danaxarjebis garda gasaTvaliswinebelia Tanamderove standartebis Sesabamisi

infrastruqturis movla-Senaxvac, rac moiTxovs efeqtian sitemas, romelic

uzrunvelyofs, erTi mxriv, sagzao infrastruqturis momxmarebelTa kmayofilebas,

usafrTxoebis maRal dones da infrastruqturis karg mdgomareobas da, meore mxriv, _

dafinansebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gadaWras.

problemis elementebi da aspeqtebi. dReisaTvis ar arsebobs Camoyalibebuli

sistemuri midgoma, Tu rogor unda mogvardes saavtomobilo gzebis Semdgomi

ganviTarebis pirobebSi maTi movla-Senaxvis sakiTxebi; ar xdeba momxmareblebisagan

gadasaxadis akreba da saavtomobilo gzebiT sargeblobis Sesabamisi ekonomikuri

safasuris Sefaseba.

marTalia, viTardeba saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqtura, magram

paralelurad ar xdeba Sesabamisi midgomebis Camoyalibeba finansuri TvalsazrisiT.

konkretulad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saavtomobilo gzebi saxelmwifosTvis warmoadgens

mxolod da mxolod danaxarjs da jerjerobiT araviTari Semosavlis wyaro ar aris.

                                                            

8 saavtomobilo gzebis departmaneti, 2004-2010 wlebis biujeti da Sesabamisi angariSebi.

8

 

garda imisa, rom Tanamedrove standartebisa da moTxovnebis Sesabamisi

saavtomboilo gzebis infrastruqturis Camoyalibeba

(mSenebloba/rekonstruqcia/reabilitacia) saWiroebs did investicias, kreditebisa da

grantebis saxiT, rac qveynisTvis aris finansuri danaxarji, aseve mniSvnelovania ukve

Seqmnili infrastruqturis SenarCuneba karg mdgomareobaSi, rac saWiroebs finansuri

saxsrebis arsebobasa da moqnili Tanamedrove sistemis Seqmnas.

problemis masStabi da simwvave. problema exeba sagzao infrastruqturis yvela

momxmarebels da mniSvnelovania mTlianad qveynis ekonomikisTvis.

termini _ sagzao infrastruqturis momxmarebeli _ moicavs: saqarTvelos yvela

asakis moqalaqes 18 wlidan daaxloebiT 80 wlamde rogorc qalaqSi, ise soflad

macxovrebles, aseve _ yvela turists, romelic Camosulia saqarTveloSi sakuTari

avtosatransporto saSualebiT da yvela saerTaSoriso gadayvanebsa da gadazidvebSi

(tranziti, eqsporti, importi) monawile mxareebs.

amavdroulad sakiTxi uSualod ukavSirdeba qveynis ekonomikur ganviTarebas.

winamdebare politikis dokumentis konkretuli Sedegebi iqneba mosaxleobis

ekonomikuri gaaqtiureba, regionebis mosaxleobis mobilurobis gazrda, vaWrobisa da

turizmis ganviTareba da saerTaSoriso satransporto qselSi integrireba, rac

uzrunvelyofili iqneba saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis Semdgomi

ganviTarebiTa da daxvewiT. amasTan, mniSvnelovania saavtomobilo gzebis movla-

SenaxvisTvis Sesabamisi finansuri uzrunvelyofis sistemis arsebobac, rac, Tavis mxriv,

pozitiurad imoqmedebs qveynis biujetze.

arsebuli politika. dReisaTvis, rogorc saerTaSoriso da Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi,

ise adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis mSenebloba da reabilitacia

mimdinareobs ZiriTadad saerTaSoriso-safinanso organizaciebis kreditebiTa da

saxelmwifo biujetidan TanadafinansebiT, movla-Senaxvisa da sxva damatebiT xarjebs ki

mTlianad saxelmwifo gaswevs.

problemis gamomwvevi sxva faqtorebi. problema ara marto saavtomobilo gzebis

movla-SenaxvasTan dakavSirebul finansur da ekonomikur sakiTxebs moicavs, aramed

mniSvnelovania saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis teqnikuri mdgomareobac da

momxmarebelTa moTxovnis dakmayofilebac.

saWiroa saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gaziareba da Tanamedrove gamowvevebis

Sesabamisad maTi saqarTveloSi danergva.

upirveles yovlisa, aucilebelia Sedegze orientirebuli sistmis Seqmna,

romelic niSnavs kontraqtorTanac Sedegze orientirebuli xelSekrulebis gaformebas.9

xelSekrulebaSi sworad unda iyos gansazRvruli is pirobebi, romelTa dacviTa da

SenarCunebiT iqneba uzrunvelyofili saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis kargi

                                                            

9 saerTaSoriso praqtika – “Performance Based Contract”, romelic formdeba damqiravebelsa (saxelmwifos) da daqiravebuls (koncesioners) Soris da romlis SemTxvevaSic damqiraveblis mizans warmoadgens Sedegis miRweva da anazRaurebac Sesabamisad xdeba. 

9

 

mdgomareoba, sagzao usafrTxoeba da maRali gamtarunarianoba. arsebuli pirobebiT

kontraqtis safuZvels warmoadgens dazianebuli gzis (bzarebis, ormoebis da a.S.)

SekeTeba. mniSvnelovani Sedegis misaRwevad saukeTeso gamosavalia Sedegze orientireba

da kontraqtoris daqiraveba ara imisTvis, rom dazianebuli SeakeTos, aramed imisTvis,

rom gzebze saerTod ar warmoiqmnas aseTi dazianebebi.

aRniSnuli xelSekruleba uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis

karg mdgomareobas, Tumca aseve moiTxovs finansur danaxarjs.

SezRudvebi. saqarTveloSi dReisaTvis ar arsebobs Sesabamisi gamocdileba, aseve

konkretulad ar aris garkveuli saxelmwifo politikuri neba arsebul sakiTxTan

dakavSirebiT. amasTan, mniSvnelovani SezRudvaa politikis ganxorcielebis Sedegad

miRebuli SesaZlo gavlena saavtomobilo gzebis momxmarebelTa raodenobaze,

tranzitis xelSewyobaze da a.S.

problema. yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, aucilebelia SemuSavdes

saavtomobilo gzebis Semdgomi ganviTarebisa da movla-Senaxvis dafinansebis efeqtiani

sistema, ramdenadac dReisaTvis danaxarji saxelmwifo biujetidan Seadgens 300 milion

larze mets yovelwliurad (mTliani Siga produqtis 1,6 procentze meti), xolo

Semosavlis wyaros ki jerjerobiT ar warmoadgens.

p r o b l e m i s g a d a W r i s g z e b i

( a l t e r n a t i v e b i )

problemis gadasaWrelad arsebobs sami ZiriTadi alternativa, romlebSic

warmodgenilia saavtomobilo gzebis movla-SenaxvisTvis saWiro optimaluri

dafinansebis meqanizmebi. alternativebiT aRwerilia meqanizmis struqtura da realuri

magaliTebi, maTi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi, mosalodneli Sedegebi da riskebi.

alternativebi ganxilulia yvela saerTaSoriso (1368 km) da Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi

(4979 km) mniSvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis movla-SenaxvisTvis saWiro dafinansebis

meqnizmebis SerCevisTvis, saerTo sigrZiT 6347 km. fasiani gzebis arseboba ganxilulia

mxolod e.w. `aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Cqarosnuli avtomagistralis~ farglebSi, romlis

sargeblobisTvis fasis daweseba nebadarTulia mxolod alternatiuli gzebis arsebobis

SemTxvevaSi da regulirdeba kanonmdeblobiT.10

alternativebis Sedegebis SefasebisTvis gamoyenebulia Semdegi kriteriumebi

(danarTi # 1-1): Sedegianoba, Rirebuleba, politikuri ganxorcielebadoba, vadebi,

rentabeloba, samarTlianoba da momxmarebelTa kmayofilebis done.

                                                            

10 saqarTvelos kanoni „saavtomobilo gzebis Sesaxeb“, muxli 14. 11 noemberi 1994 weli, saqarTvelos parlamentis uwyebebi.

10

 

winamdebare dokumentSi moyvanili yvela daskvna efuZneba oficialur monacemebs

(danarTi # 1-2).

alternativa #1 – dafinansebis arsebuli meqanizmis SenarCuneba.

mimoxilva. dReisaTvis saavtomobilo gzebis movla-SenaxvisTvis saWiro xarjebis

(danarTi # 1-3) gaweva xdeba uSualod saxelmwifo biujetidan, ramac 2010 wels

mTlianobaSi Seadgina 170 milion larze meti.

arsebuli mdgomareobiT sakvlevi saavtomobilo gzebis 38% karg mdgomareobaSia

(danarTi # 1-4).

alternativis rentabeloba Seadgens 0.18-s (danarTi # 1-5).

politikuri TvalsazrisiT alternativa odnav ixreba neitraluridan

uaryofiTisken (5 qula), ramdenadac, marTalia, meqanizmi dReisTvis moqmedebs, magram

realurad dgas saWiroeba midgomis gaumjobesebisa.

dadebiTi mxareebi. advilia administrireba. aris samarTliani (10 qula), radgan

saavtomobilo gzebiT sargebloba xelmisawvdomia yvela msurvelisaTvis. alternativis

realizacia dros ar saWiroebs, radgan meqanizmi moqmedia (0 Tve).

uaryofiTi mxareebi. Sedegi aris arasakmarisi da aramomgebiani, xolo sistema _

araefeqtiani. momxmarebelTa mxridanac naklebia (6 qula) kmayofileba.

mosalodneli Sedegebi da rentabeloba. alternativis farglebSi saavtomobilo

gzebis infrastruqtura darCeba isev saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi da samomavlod kidev

ufro daixveweba dafinansebis meqnizmebi. marTalia, wlidan wlamde mudmivad xdeba

reabilitacia, magram karg mdgomareobaSi arsebuli saavtomobilo gzebis procentuli

maCvenebeli mainc rCeba aRniSnul farglebSi.

riskebi. arsebuli, gaumjobesebuli Tu axlad aSenebuli saavtomobilo gzebis

infrastruqturis mdgomareobis SesaZlo gauareseba.

11

 

alternativa # 2 _ mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis

saxelmwifo sakuTrebis SenarCunebiT.

mimoxilva. alternativa gulisxmobs Tanamedrove gamocdilebis Sesabamisad

mosakreblis sistemis danergvas, magaliTad VIGNETTE-is sistema, romelic

unificirebuli, gamartivebuli, moqnili da iafia (fasebi misaRebia). sistemis

SeqmnisTvis saWiroa Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo cvlileba, infrastruqturuli

uzrunvelyofa da Sedegiani administrireba (danarTi # 1-6).

saSualod, avtosatransporto saSualebebis moZraobis intensivoba magistralze

meryeobs 4000-dan 29000 avtosatransporto saSualebamde dRe-RameSi.

jamSi alternativa realizebisTvis moiTxovs daaxloebiT 9 Tves da 10 milion

lars (danarTi # 1-7). sakanonmdeblo procedurebis paralelurad moewyoba

zemoaRniSnuli infrastruqturac.

dadebiTi mxareebi. sistema aris moqnili, uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis

karg mdgomareobaSi Senaxvas, pasuxobs saerTaSoriso standartebs da SeuZlia

daakmayofilos Tanamedrove gamowvevebi. Sedegianoba aris 99% (danarTi # 1-8).

alternativa aseve aris politikurad gamarTlebuli (10 qula), momxmarebelTa

kmayofilebis done iqneba maRali (9 qula). meqanizmi aris samarTlianic (8 qula)

(danarTi # 1-9).

uaryofiTi mxareebi. Zvirdeba saavtomobilo gzebiT sargebloba.

mosalodneli Sedegebi da rentabeloba. gaumjobesebuli sagazo infrastruqtura,

biujetisTvis damatebiTi Semosavlebi an danaxarjebis Semsubuqeba. danaxarjebisa da

mosalodneli Semosavlebis gaTvaliswinebiT alternativis rentabeloba Seadgens 1.68-s

(danarTi # 1-10).

riskebi. satranzito konkurentunarianobis Semcireba.

alternativa #3 – mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis

privatizaciis gziT.

mimoxilva. alternativis farglebSi moxdeba saavtomobilo gzebis gadacema

koncesiiT (danarTi #1-11). koncesionersa da saxelmwifos Soris gaformdeba Sedegze

orientirebuli SeTanxmeba (Performance Based Contract) (danarTi #1-12) da koncesioneri

valdebuli iqneba uzrunvelyos winamdebare dokumentSi ganxiluli gzebis 29% (danarTi

# 1-13).

faqtobrivad, privatizebisTvis saWiro umniSvnelo xarjebis garda, alternativas

danaxarjebi ar gaaCnia da misi rentabeloba 1-is tolia.

meqanizmis danergva aris politikurad gamarTlebuli (8 qula) investiciebis

mozidvisa da saavtomobilo gzebis ganviTarebis mizniT.

daaxloebiTi periodi alternativis realizaciisaTvis moicavs 11 Tves (danarTi

#1-14)

12

 

dadebiTi mxareebi. yvelaze efeqtiani fasi saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis,

Tavisufali bazris principebis danergva da konkurenciis amaRleba. alternativas aqvs

sakmaod maRali (8 qula) kmayofilebis done (danarTi #1-15).

uaryofiTi mxareebi. moxdeba ZiriTadi magistralis gasxviseba (privatizeba), anu

aRar iqneba saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi. alternativa ver gamoirCeva samarTlianobiT (6

qula) (danarTi # 1-16).

mosalodneli Sedegebi da rentabeloba. pasuxismgeblobis delegirebis Sedegad

yvelaze efeqtiani meqanizmis Camoyalibeba, romelic xels Seuwyobs da uzrunvelyofs

saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis mdgomareobis SenarCunebas saerTaSoriso

standartebis Sesabamisad.

riskebi. gansakuTrebul saSiSroebas warmoadgens arasworad gaformebuli

xelSekruleba da kerZo seqtorisaTvis arasworad gamijnuli uflebebi da

pasuxismgeblobebi.

saukeTeso alternativis dasabuTeba.

saukeTeso alternativa aris mosakreblis daweseba saavtomobilo gzebis

gamoyenebisTvis saxelmwifo sakuTrebis SenarCunebiT, radgan alternativas aqvs

saukeTeso Sedegebi, aris yvelaze rentabeluri, yvelaze metad gamarTlebulia

politikurad da xasiaTdeba momxmarebelTa kmayofilebis yvelaze maRali doniT.

xarjianoba mis rentabelobasTan SedarebiT mizerulia. aseve ar warmoadgens problemas

misi realizebis vadebi, radgan 9 Tve ar aris SemzRudveli dro.

alternativis realizebis SemTxvevaSi, sagzao infrastruqtura rCeba saxelmwifo

sakuTrebaSi da Tavis mxriv alternativis farglebSi realizebuli dafinansebis

meqanizmi _ VIGNETTE _ warmoadgens Zalian moqnil da efeqtian sistemas, romelic

aprobirebulia evropis mraval qveyanaSi. am sistemasTan mierTebiT saqarTvelos aqvs

SesaZlebloba ukeT integrirdes dasavleTTan da xeli Suwyos rogorc turizmis,

vaWrobisa da satranzito potencialis ganviTarebas, ise regionSi ekonomikuri

urTierTTanamSromlobis amaRlebas.

r e k o m e n d a c i e b i

saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis mosakreblis daweseba _ saxelmwifo

sakuTrebis SenarCunebiT axali meqanizmis _ VIGNETTE-s sistemis _ warmatebiT

danergvis mizniT mizanSewonilia ganxorcieldes Semdegi RonisZiebebi:

• sakanonmdeblo bazis momzadeba. sawyis etapze saWiroa sakanonmdeblo bazis

momzadeba, rac moicavs saerTaSoriso gamocdilebisa da saukeTeso

magaliTebis Seswavlas, arsebul kanonmdeblobaSi cvlilebebis Setanis mizniT

kanonproeqtebis momzadebasa da maT damtkicebas saqarTveloSi moqmedi

13

 

kanonmdeblobis gaTvaliswinebiT; am sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis

saerTaSoriso doneze danergvasTan dakavSirebiT Setyobinebis gavrcelebas

diplomatiuri arxebis meSveobiT rogorc yvela mezobeli da partniori

saxelmwifosTvis, aseve saerTaSoriso organizaciebisTvis.

• Sesabamisi infrastruqturiT aRWurva. am SemTxvevaSi ivaraudeba ara

saavtomobilo gzebis mSenebloba (maT Soris, arc Cqarosnuli

avtomagistrali), aramed mxolod damxmare mowyobiloba da Sesabamisi teqnika.

infrastruqtura ZiriTadad moicavs Cqarosnul avtomagistralze Sesvlisas

da avtomagistralidan gamosvlisas moZravi avtomobilebis regulirebisTvis

saWiro mowyobilobebsa da Senoba-nagebobebs, romlebic aRWurvili iqneba

saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad da akmayofileben Tanamedrove

moTxovnebs.

• adamianuri resursebis gaTvalisiwneba. TavisTavad cxadia yovelive

zemoaRniSnuls sWirdeba administrireba; Sesabamisad, aucilebelia kadrebis

momzadeba, anu saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis gacnoba-gaziareba gadamzadebebisa

da seminarebis meSveobiT.

• sazogadoebis informireba da meqanizmis danergva. sanam Sesabamis kanonebSi

konkretuli cvlilebebi da damatebebi Seva ZalaSi, aucilebelia garkveuli

periodiT adre moxdes sazogadoebis informireba informaciis sxvadasxva

saSualebiT da Semdeg dainergos VIGNETTE-is sistema.

d a s k v n a

Tanamedrove gamowvevebisa da arsebuli moTxovnebis dakmayofilebis mizniT dRis

wesrigSi dgas saavtobmoilo gzebis movla-Senaxvis dafinansebisa da amasTan

dakavSirebuli problemebis gadaWris sakiTxi.

erTi mxriv, saxelmwifosTvis danaxarjebis Semcireba da meore mxriv,

saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis gaumjobeseba, saerTaSoriso standartebTan

Sesabamisoba da Tanamedrove moTxovnebis dakmayofileba sakiTxs sZens aqtualurobas.

politikis winamdebare dokumentSi ganxiluli alternativebidan saukeTeso

Sedegebi mosalodnelia me-3 alternativis realizebis SemTxvevaSi (mosakreblis

daweseba saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis saxelmwifo sakuTrebis SenarCunebiT da

VIGNETTE-s sistemis danergviT), romlis farglebSic SesaZlebeli iqneba:

• TiTqmis yvela saerTaSoriso da Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis

saavtomobilo gzebis gaumjobeseba da kargi mdgomareobis uzrunvelyofa;

• sagzao infrastruqturis saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi SenarCuneba;

14

 

• saavtomobilo gzebis movla-Senaxvis dafinansebis Tanamedrove, moqnili da

rentabeluri meqanizmis Camoyalibeba;

• samarTlianobis dacviT momxmarebelTa interesebis dacva;

• saavtomobilo gzebis saxelmwifo biujetisTvis Semosavlebis wyarod gadaqceva;

• evropis saavtomobilo gzebis qselTan ukeT integrireba;

• saerTaSoriso standartebTan sagzao infrastruqturis harmonizeba;

• momxmareblisTvis maRali xarisxis momsaxurebis SeTavazeba.

am alternativis Sesabamisi politikis gatarebiT saxelmwifo yvelaze

optimalurad SeZlebs saukeTeso Sedegebis miRwevas ise, rom biujetSic Sevides

Semosavali da momxmarebelmac miiRos maRali xarisxis momsaxureba ganviTarebuli

sagzao ifrastruqturis pirobebSi.

l i t e r a t u r a

1. saqarTvelos kanoni „saavtomobilo gzebis Sesaxeb“, muxli 14. 11 noemberi 1994 weli, saqarTvelos parlamentis uwyebebi.

2. saavtomobilo gzebis departmaneti, 2004-2010 wlebis biujeti da Sesabamisi angariSebi.

3. saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri (saqstati), 2004-2010 wlebis angariSebi.

4. The Toll Roads, https://www.thetollroads.com/home/index.htm, https://www.thetollroads.com/home/maps.htm. 5. sagzao mosakrebeli - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vignette_(road_tax). 6. I Feel Slovenia - http://www.slovenia.info/en/Road-toll-vignettes.htm. 7. Vignette, highway toll Czech Republic - http://www.dalnicni-znamky.com/en/vignette-highway-toll-

czech-republic.html. 8. The Lithuanian Road Administration under the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the

Republic of Lithuania -http://www.lra.lt/en.php/vignettes/main_information/3099. 9. Toll Road Concessions:

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGUARANTEES/Resources/TollRoads_Concessions.pdf.

15

 

d a n a r T i # 1

kriteriumebisa da alternativebis Sefasebis detaluri ganmarteba

(1) kriteriumebi: kriteriumebi izomeba an realuri maCveneblebiT (Rirebuleba –

lari; vadebi – Tve), an amisaTvis SemoRebulia 10-baliani Sefasebis sistema (0 – niSnavs

yvelaze uaress da 10 – yvelaze ukeTess), an uSualod mocemulia procentuli

maCvenebeli.

winamdebare politikis dokumentSi alternativebis Sedegebis Sesafaseblad

gamoyenebulia Sefasebis Semdegi kriteriumebi:

• Sedegianoba – aRwers, Tu rogor imoqmedebs alternativis realizacia

saavtomobilo gzebis mdgomareobaze da izomeba procentebiT;

• Rirebuleba – ganzomileba aris milioni lari da Seadgens proeqtis

realizebisaTvis saWiro Tanxas;

• politikuri ganxorcielebadoba – warmoadgens qulebiT (1-10), politikurad

ramdenad mizanSewonilia ama Tu im alternativis ganxorcieleba;

• vadebi – fasdeba alternativis realiziaciisTvis saWiro xangrZlivoba da

izomeba TveebiT;

• rentabeloba – koeficientia, romelic asaxavs kavSirs alternativis

danaxarjsa da miRebl Sedegs Soris;

• samarTlianoba – fasdeba qulebiT (1-10), Tu ramdenad Tanabrad samarTliania

alternativa saavtomobilo gzebis momxmarebelTaTvis;

• kmayofilebis done – logikurad ukavSirdeba samarTlianobas Tumca aCvenebs

uSualod momxmareblis damokidebulebas alternativis ganxorcielebasTan

dakavSirebiT da fasdeba qulebiT (1-10).

(2) meTodologia da gamoyenebuli monacemebi: winamdebare dokumentSi

warmodgenili yvela monacemi aRebulia saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris,

Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, saqarTvelos regionuli ganviTarebisa da

infrastruqturis saministrosa da saavtomobilo gzebis departamentis mier

mowodebuli monacemebisa da informaciis safuZvelze. dokumentSi aRniSnuli sxvadasxva

kriteriumiT Sefasebebi efuZneba dargSi momuSave eqspertebisa da kompetenturi

sajaro moxeleebis mosazrebebs, daskvnebsa da rekomendaciebs.

detaluri Sefaseba

alternativa #1 - dafinansebis arsebuli meqanizmis SenarCuneba

(3) detaluri aRwera: movla-Senaxvis xarjebi etapobrivad izrdeba, radgan

mimdinareobs saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisi Cqarosnuli avtomagistralis

16

 

mSenebloba, saavtomobilo gzebis reabilitacia/gaumjobeseba, aseve damatebiTi

infrastruqturisa da dizainis mowyobac. movla-Senaxvis xarjebSi Sedis gzebis

perioduli SekeTeba da reabilitacia, mimdinare SekeTeba da Senaxva zamTris periodSi,

stiqiuri movlenebis salikvidacio da prevenciis mizniT Casatarebeli samuSaoebi da

sxv.

(4) Sedegianoba: saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis 80% da

Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis 26% karg mdgomareobaSia.

(5) rentabeloba: unda aRiniSnos, rom Semosavlis erTaderT wyaros warmoadgens

gzaTsargeblobis safasuri 200 laris odenobiT saqarTvelos teritoriaze satranzito

infrastruqturis utilizaciisaTvis (2010 wlis 1 agvistodan) da gadaixdeba

saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetSi. safasuris gadamxdeli aris satvirTo

avtosatransporto saSualebis mflobeli an mZRoli, romelic avtosatransporto

saSualebiT axorcielebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze gadaadgileba/tvirTis gadazidvas

sabaJo kontroliT/zedamxedvelobiT. dReisaTvis aseTi gadamxdelia daaxloebiT 151

aTasi (danarTi #2). Sesabamisad, mTliani Semosavali daaxloebiT Seadgens 30 milion

lars.

alternativa #2 - mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis

saxelmwifo sakuTrebis SenarCunebiT

(6) detaluri aRwera: VIGNETTE-is sistema, rogorc mosakrebeli saavtomobilo

gzebis gamoyenebisaTvis, pirvelad gamoiyenes ungreTSi. Seqmnilia evroparlamnetis

direqtivis Sesabamisad.11

EUROVIGNETTE (danarTi #1) gamoiyeneba:

• 1994 wlidan _ belgiaSi, daniaSi;

• 1997 wlidan _ luqsemburgSi, niderlandSi, SvedeTSi;

• 2000 wlis Semdeg _ avstriaSi, bulgareTSi, CexeTis respublikaSi,

safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, rumineTSi, slovakeTSi, sloveniaSi, SveicariaSi _

yvela qveyanaSi aris specifikuri midgoma sistemis mimarT, SesaZloa mosakrebeli

pirdapir iyos saSualeba saavtomobilo gzebis movla-Senaxvis xarjebis dasafarad, an

warmoadgendes sxva socialuri keTildReobis dafinansebis wyarosac. saqarTvelos

magaliTze alternativis farglebSi sistemis danergviT miRebuli Semosavali uSualod

unda iyos mimarTuli saavtomobilo gzebis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba-SenarCunebisken.

sistema aris moqnili, uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis karg mdgomareobaSi

SenarCunebas, pasuxobs saerTaSoriso standartebs da SeuZlia daakmayofilos

Tanamedrove gamowvevebi.

                                                            

11 DIRECTIVE 2006/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures, veb-gverdi: European Assosiation with tolled motorways, bridges and tunnels (ASECAP), veb-misamarTi: http://www.asecap.com/pdf_files/Eurovignettedirective2006-EN.pdf

17

 

(7) Rirebuleba: proeqtis ganxorcielebas sWirdeba saavtomobilo gzis Sesabamisi

aRWurva damatebiTi infrastruqturiT, rogoricaa mosakrebelis akrebis avtomaturi

sistema, saerTo RirebulebiT 340000 lari, da magistralze saWiroa 15-20 aseTi

mowyobiloba; aseve mniSvnelovania administrirebis mizniT Sesabamisi erTeulis Seqmna.

yvela aRniSnuli danaxarji erTad Seadgens 10 milionamde lars.

vadebi: alternativis danergvas sWirdeba mTavrobis mier kanonproeqtis

momzadeba da Sesabamis kanonebSi cvlilebis Setana, romelic SemdgomSi damtkicdeba

parlamentSi.

(8) Sedegianoba: alternativis farglebSi movla-Senaxvis dafinanseba moicavs

yvela saerTaSoriso da Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis saavtomobilo gzebs da

Sedegianoba aris 99%.

(9) politikuri ganxorcielebadoba: alternativa aseve aris politikurad

gamarTlebuli (10 qula), ramdenadac, erTi mxriv, maqsimalurad iqneba uzrunvelyofili

sagzao infrastruqturis kargi mdgomareoba da dafinansebis sakiTxi, meore mxriv,

infrastruqtura isev darCeba saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi.

samarTlianoba: rac Seexeba samarTlianobas, miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierTi

momxmareblisTvis garkveulwilad arsebobs SezRudva VIGNETTE-is sistemis nebarTvebis

asaRebad, maTi Rirebulebis gamo, yuradsaRebia, rom iarsebebs alternatiuli gzebi da

Tanac VIGNETTE-dan miRebuli SemosavlebiT SekeTdeba da movla-Senaxvis samuSaoebi

Cautardeba saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi mniSvnelobis yvela gzas, riTac

isargeblebs mTeli mosaxleoba. Sesabamisad, meqanizmi aseve aris samarTlianic (8 qula).

kmayofilebis done: aRniSnulidan gamodinare, alternativis realizebis Sedegad

momxmarebelTa kmayofilebis done iqneba maRali (9 qula).

(10) rentabeloba: aRsaniSnavia, rom dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi daregistrirebulia

700000-mde avtosatransporto saSualeba (danarTi # 3), romelTa, eqspluataciaSi

myofTa, umetesoba moZraobs aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Cqarosnul avtomagistralze; amas

aseve emateba saerTaSoriso gadazidvebSi monawile subieqtebi (saSualod, 414 satvirTo

avtomobili dRe-RameSi), razec zemoT gvqonda saubari, da yovelives gaTvaliswinebiT

SesaZloa SemuSavdes winaswari gadasaxdelebis cxrili, romelic VIGNETTE-is sistemis

danergviT uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzis (aRmosavleT-dasavleTis Carosnuli

avtomagistraliT) sargeblobisTvis mosakrebelis akrebas da sagzao infrastruqturis

mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba/SenarCunebas, ris Sedegadac saxelmwifo miiRebs 288 milion

lars, nebarTvis saSualo wliuri Rirebuleba Seadgens 135 lars (sagzao

insrastruqturis movla-Senaxvis wliur danaxarjebi gayofili moZraobis minimaluri

dRiuri intensivobis weliwadSi dReebis raodenobis namravlze da damatebuli sistemis

movla-Senaxvisa da gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi [171’000’000/3’902*365+21’000’000=135]).

18

 

* gaTvaliswinebulia saavtomobilo parkis proporcia (msubuqi 0.82, avtobusi - 0.08, satvirTo – 0.10), aseve

miaxloebiTi regularuli gadayvanebisa da gadazidvebi (30%) araregularulTan SedarebiT (70%), rodesac

magistralze moZraobs minimum 3902 avto satransporto saSualeba dRe-RameSi.

alternativa #3 _ mosakrebeli saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis

privatizaciis gziT.

(11) detaluri aRwera: gaumjobesdeba da SenarCundeba saavtomobilo gzebis kargi

mdgomareoba da usafrTxoebis maRali done. marTalia, saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyeneba

gaxdeba fasiani, ramac SesaZloa uaryofiTad imoqmedos qveynis satranzito

potencialze, magram saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqtura aRar darCeba saxelmwifo

sakuTrebaSi da gadaecema kerZo pirs marTvis uflebiT. Sedegad, saxelmwifos aRar

eqneba xarjebi saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis movla-SenaxvisaTvis. yvelaze

efeqtiani fasi saavtomobilo gzebis gamoyenebisTvis Tavisufali bazris principebis

danergva da konkurenciis amaRlebaa. moxdeba ZiriTadi magistralis gasxviseba

(privatizeba), anu aRar iqneba saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi. pasuxismgeblobis delegirebis

Sedegad yvelaze efeqtiani meqanizmis Camoyalibeba, romelic xels Seuwyobs da

uzrunvelyofs saavtomobilo gzebis infrastruqturis mdgomareobis SenarCunebas

saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisad.

(12) Sedegze orientirebuli SeTanxmeba (Performance Based Contract) – niSnavs

saxelmwifosa da kerZo subieqts Soris SeTanxmebas, romelSic gansazRvrulia is

#

wliu

ri

danax

arji

(aTas

i lar

i)

danax

arji

1 dReS

i (l

ari) II/365

mini

maluri

intensivoba (avt

.saS

ual

eba dRe-

RameS

i)

dar

egis

trir

ebuli

avt. saS

ual

ebeb

i (erTeu

li)

dar

egis

trir

ebuli

avt. saS

ual

ebeb

i (erTeu

li)

Sew

oni

li

wil

i V/V

I

Sew

oni

li

wil

i in

tensivobaS

i IV

*VII

reg

ular

uli

momx

mareb

lis

wil

i (365 d

Re)

VII*0.3

arar

egular

uli

momx

mareb

lis

wil

i (10 dRe)

VII*0.7

reg

ular

uli

momx

mareb

lis

gad

asax

adi

(365

dRe)

III/VIII

arar

egular

uli

momx

mareb

lis

gad

asax

adi

(10

dRe) III/IX

koreqtir

ebuli

reg

ular

uli

momx

mareb

lis

gad

asax

adi

(365 d

Re)

koreqtir

ebuli

arar

egular

uli

momx

mareb

lis

gad

asax

adi

(10 dRe)

mTliani

Semosaval

i XIII*IX

+XIV

*X

rentab

eloba

XV/II

I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII XIV XV XVI

msubuqi 568511 0.82 3200 960 2240 488 6 350 10

avtobusi 47303 0.08 313 94 219 4984 59 1800 50

satvirTo

171000

468493

3902

692996

69467 0.10 390 117 273 4004 47 2000 60

287959450

1.68

19

 

pirobebi, romelTa Sesrulebasac moiTxovs damqiravebeli (saxelmwifo)

daqiravebulisagan (kontraqtori). SeTanxmebis mizania moxdes uSualod Sedegze

orientireba da damqiravebelma fuli gadaixados ara imisTvis, rom dazianebuli

SeakeTebinos daqiravebuls, aramed imisTvis, rom saerTod ar warmoiqmnas dazianebebi

(an minimumamde Semcirdes). saxlemwifos aqvs kontrolisa da zedamxedvelobis ufleba.

SeTanxmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobebis arSesrulebis SemTxvevaSi damqiravebeli ar

uxdis momsaxurebis safasurs kontraqtors. SeTanxmebis orive mxaris (saxelmwifosa da

kontraqtoris) interess warmoadgens saavtomobilo gzebis karg mdgomareobaSi

SenarCuneba da xdeba Sedegze orientireba, rac meqanizms xdis efeqtians.

gansakuTrebul saSiSroebas warmoadgens arasworad gaformebuli xelSekruleba

da kerZo seqtorisaTvis arasworad gamijnuli uflebebi da pasuxismgeblobebi, ramac

SeiZleba arasasurveli Sedegebi gamoiwvios.

(13) Sedegianoba: koncesioneri valdebuli iqneba uzrunvelyos yvela

saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobisa Tu alternatiuli gzis movla-Senaxvis samuSaoebi, rac

saerTo jamSi Seadgens Cvens naSromSi ganxiluli gzebis 29%-s.

(14) vadebi: alternativis realizaciisaTvis saWiro savaraudo periodi,

igulisxmeba Sedegze orientirebuli SeTanxmebis proeqtis momzadebac, moicavs 11 Tves,

radgan saWiroa satendero dokumentebis momzadeba, tenderis Sedegad gamovlenil

organizaciasTan xelSekrulebis gaformeba da Sesabamisi mosamzadebeli samuSaoebis

gatarebac.

(15) kmayofilebis done: kmayofilebis done alternativas aqvs sakmaod maRali, rac

gamowveulia sagzao infrastruqturis kargi mdgomareobiT da maRali xarisxis

momsaxurebiT (8 qula).

(16) samarTlianoba: alternativa ver gamoirCeva samarTlianobiT (6 qula), radgan

izRudeba momxmarebeli da Tan movla-Senaxva Seexeba ara yvela Sigasaxelmwifoebrivi

mniSvnelobis gzas, aramed mxolod am gzebis mcire nawils – vrceldeba mxolod 450-

mde km-ze.

20

 

Mamuka Chikhladze

Senior Specialist, Infrastructure Department Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure of Georgia

Road infrastructure development: future challenges and perspectives in Georgia

S U M M A R Y

The state priority is to construct an East-West Highway from Sarpi (Turkish border) to the Red Bridge (Azerbaijan border) and Sadakhlo (Armenia border) through Tbilisi. The Highway will connect the road transport corridor with the Black Sea Ports (Poti and Batumi) and will facilitate meeting the growing demand on road transportation in the region. This will increase the country’s transit potential and the development of international trade and tourism.

Recently an 80 km 4-lane Highway from Tbilisi to Gori and approximately 3, 600 km of other roads, including, 21 km Highway, 12 new and 100 existing bridges were constructed and/or rehabilitated. Since 2004 investment in road construction, rehabilitation and maintenance has reached approximately 2 billion GEL.

Besides construction expenditures in road maintenance, the costs associated are to be taken into consideration in order to keep road infrastructure at international standards. To achieve the above mentioned objective, an efficient system is needed that will ensure on the one hand the satisfaction of road users, road safety and good conditions of road infrastructure, and on the other hand, maintenance will not be financially problematic for the state.

First, there must be a performance based system/approach established. In other words, sign a Performance Based Contract with terms of reference that will ensure and maintain road infrastructure in good conditions, road safety and improved capacity. Recently, the subject of the contract is to make repairs (cracks, holes, etc.). To achieve efficient results the best way is to focus on performance and hire a contractor not only to make repairs, but to keep road in good condition.

The contract will ensure keeping the roads in good condition, but it will require high expenditures. In order to solve the financing issue of road maintenance the policy paper outline the following alternatives: Status Quo (doing nothing) – allocate costs for road maintenance in the state budget and search for financing; Fee for Road Users – establishment of fee system in accordance with modern practices, e.g. VIGETTE tolling system that is unified and simplified, flexible and cheap. In order to establish the new system adequate changes are needed in the legislation, road infrastructure development and effective administration; Road concession – roads will be transferred via concession. As a result, there will not be expenditures for road maintenance, also improved road condition and ensured road safety will be of high priority, but road concession is connected with user fees and thut will negatively affect the transit potential of the country.

Taking into consideration all the above mentioned, it is of vital importance to elaborate a systematic approach to the roads future development and maintenance in order to satisfy modern requirements and to facilitate improvement of competitiveness of the transport corridor via Georgia. In this regard, the most viable alternative in accordance with the policy paper is to establish a tolling system (VIGNETTE) in Georgia.