mexico copyright © pearson education, inc. or its affiliates. all rights reserved. this chapter...

Mexico

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.

This chapter will introduce you to Mexico. You will learn all about the region’s geography, history, and culture.

Section 1: Chapter Atlas

Section 2: History of Mexico

Section 3: Mexico Today

Introduction

Chapter IntroductionChapter Introduction

Mexico


Where does Carolina live during the week?

How will high school graduation set Carolina apart from the rest of her family?

myStory

Carolina’s StoryCarolina’s Story

Mexico


What similarities and differences do you see between What similarities and differences do you see between Carolina’s life and that of American students?Carolina’s life and that of American students?

myStory


Mexico


What kind of town is San Nicolas de Guadalupe?

myStory


QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this p icture.

Mexico


Why does Carolina think it is important to speak Mazahua?

How does Carolina help out at home?

myStory


Mexico


How much does geography shape a country?

Chapter Atlas

Mexico


Chapter Atlas

What have you done today that required oil, What have you done today that required oil, gas, or electricity?gas, or electricity?

Mexico


• collapse - v. to crumble or fall

The damaged building was about to collapse.

• inadequate - adj. not sufficient or suitable

The food was inadequate for so many people.

Chapter Atlas

Academic VocabularyAcademic Vocabulary

Mexico


There are several landform regions in Mexico.

Mexico’s climate varies from arid to semiarid in most areas, which limits agriculture.

Petroleum, hydroelectric power, and mining are important parts of the Mexican economy.

Chapter Atlas

Key IdeasKey Ideas

Mexico


• sinkhole - depression on the surface of the land caused by the collapse of a cave roof

• altitude - height above sea level

Chapter Atlas

Key TermsKey Terms

Mexico


• hydroelectric power - the power produced by water-driven turbines

• irrigate - to supply water

Chapter Atlas

Key TermsKey Terms

Mexico


• Sierra Madre Occidental

• Mexican Plateau

• Yucatán Peninsula

• Rio Grande

Chapter Atlas

What are some important places What are some important places to know in Mexico?to know in Mexico?

Mexico



are needed to see this picture.

Chapter Atlas

Mexico: Outline MapMexico: Outline Map

Mexico


Chapter Atlas

How would you describe Mexico?How would you describe Mexico?

Mexico


Baja California and Northern Mexico are very dry.

The southern part of Mexico receives more rain than the north.

Higher elevations have cooler temperatures.

Chapter Atlas

Mexico: ClimateMexico: Climate

Mexico


Only about one-fifth of Mexico’s land is actually suitable for farming. Why?

Chapter Atlas

Mexican FarmlandMexican Farmland



Mexico


Mexico produces more silver than anywhere else in the world.

Mexico’s most important natural resource is petroleum.

Chapter Atlas

Mexico: Land ResourcesMexico: Land Resources

Mexico


One-sixth of the nation’s electricity comes from hydroelectric power.

Baja California supports a large fishing industry.

Chapter Atlas

Mexico: Land ResourcesMexico: Land Resources

Mexico


About three quarters of the people in Mexico now live in cities.

Pollution from the spread of industry and the growth of these cities is becoming a major problem.

Chapter Atlas

Environmental ImpactEnvironmental Impact

Mexico


Chapter Atlas

What conditions are common in cities along What conditions are common in cities along MexicoMexico’’s northern border?s northern border?

Mexico



Chapter Atlas

Mexico


History

How has the past shaped the community How has the past shaped the community where you live?where you live?

Mexico


• convert - v. to cause someone to adopt a different religionPriests tried to convert the native people to Catholicism.

• estate - n. a large piece of land or propertyShe lived on the largest estate in Italy.

History


Mexico


Mexico’s original people—the Olmecs, Maya, and Aztecs—settled in the areasurrounding and including today’s Mexico City.

Enlightenment ideas played a part in Mexico’s independence from Spain, similar to the United States in its fight for independence.

History

Key IdeasKey Ideas

Mexico


Mexico has sometimes struggled to provide opportunities for all of its citizens, despite economic growth.

History

Key IdeasKey Ideas

Mexico


• maize - corn

• astronomy - the study of the stars and planets

• aqueduct - channel that moves water over a long distance

History

Key TermsKey Terms

Mexico


• conquistador - Spanish soldier-explorer

• Mexican Revolution - armed rebellion in which the Mexican people fought for political and social reform

History

Key TermsKey Terms

Mexico


Around 1500 B.C., the Olmec civilization arose along Mexico’s gulf coast.

They developed a political system, a religion, and a system of writing.

They traded with nearby peoples.

History

Olmec RuleOlmec Rule

Mexico


History

Draw Conclusions: What indicates that the Draw Conclusions: What indicates that the Olmec civilization was advanced?Olmec civilization was advanced?



Mexico


The Maya emerged after the Olmecs as the dominant Mexican civilization.

They recorded the history of their rulers, and excelled at astronomy.

Maya civilization declined around A.D. 900.

History

Maya CivilizationMaya Civilization

Mexico


In the 1400s the Aztecs arose and built their capital, Tenochtitlàn, on an island in the middle of a lake.

They were skilled farmers, and built aqueducts to bring water to the capital.

History

Emergence of the AztecsEmergence of the Aztecs

Mexico


In 1519 Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortés landed in Mexico.

Cortés destroyed Tenochtitlàn and built Mexico city in its place.

Under Spanish rule, the lives of native peoples changed.

History

Spanish RuleSpanish Rule

Mexico


What effects did the arrival of Cortes have on the Aztec Empire?

History

Cause and EffectCause and Effect

Mexico


In 1821 Mexico won independence from Spain.

Political corruption sparked the Mexican Revolution in 1910.

A constitution was declared in 1917, and fighting slowed.

History

Separating From SpainSeparating From Spain

Mexico


History

What did the Mexican Revolution hope to What did the Mexican Revolution hope to achieve?achieve?


are needed to see th is p icture.

Mexico


History

Mexico


Today

What are some ways that family members What are some ways that family members help each other?help each other?

Mexico


Today

How does MexicoHow does Mexico’’s government resemble s government resemble that that

of the United States?of the United States?

Mexico


• dominate - v. to control or rule overThe visitor tried to dominate the conversation.

• dynamic - adj. active, or showing progressThe gymnast’s performance was dynamic.

Today


Mexico


Mexico has three branches of government. The Constitution of 1917 sets the framework for Mexico’s government.

Much of Mexico’s wealth is concentrated within a small upper class.

Light manufacturing, natural resources, trade, and tourism support Mexico’s economy.

Today

Key IdeasKey Ideas

Mexico


• Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) - political party that dominated Mexico’s government for much of the 1900s

• National Action Party (PAN) - Mexican political party that took power in the 2000 presidential election

Today

Key TermsKey Terms

Mexico


• free market - economic market in which businesses operate with few governmental restrictions

• remittance - money sent to another place

Today

Key TermsKey Terms

Mexico


• The legislative branch creates laws

• The executive branch carries out the laws

• The judicial branch interprets the laws

The government of Mexico has three branches, and is similar to that of the United States.

Today

Mexican GovernmentMexican Government

Mexico


In 1929, the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) gained control of Mexico’s government.

Every six years, the president would name another PRI member to succeed him.

In 2000, Vincente Fox of the National Action Party (PAN) became president.

Today

Political Parties in MexicoPolitical Parties in Mexico

Mexico


Mexico has a culture that blends, or mixes, traditions.

The culture combines Spanish and Native American traditions.

About three quarters of people practice the Roman Catholic faith.

Today

Mexican CultureMexican Culture

Mexico


• The result was more economic growth and more jobs

• Trade with the United States has led to a growing Mexican economy

In the late 1900s, leaders adopted free market ideas.

Today

MexicoMexico’’s Economys Economy

Mexico


Most Mexicans work in the service industry.

About one quarter of Mexicans labor in factories.

Some of Mexico’s poor travel north to the United States to find jobs.

Today

MexicoMexico’’s Workerss Workers

Mexico


Trade has become very important to Mexico’s economy.

Mexico now has free trade agreements with more than forty other countries.

Today

Trade With Other CountriesTrade With Other Countries

Mexico


Today

How does Mexico benefit from NAFTA?How does Mexico benefit from NAFTA?


are needed to see this p icture.

Mexico


Growing trade has led to more jobs in Mexico.

However, the agricultural industry has struggled as imports from the United States are cheaper than foods grown in Mexico.

Mexico’s economy is also very dependent on the United States.

Today

Providing JobsProviding Jobs

Mexico


Today

What are MexicoWhat are Mexico’’s major exports?s major exports?

Mexico


Today

Mexico



Today

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