HISTORY OF MICROBIOLOGY

CHAPTER 3: Bacterial Cell DEGEE O. GONZALES, R.M.T.College of Medical Technology

Two Basic Cell Types: EUKARYOTES PROKARYOTES BOTH are PROTISTS Neither plants nor animals undifferentiated unicellular organisms do not form the specialized tissues and organ systems of higher plants and animals

HIGHER Protists includes ALGAE (Red, Green, Brown), FUNGI, PROTOZOA, SLIME MOLDS

Basic Cell Type: EUKARYOTES 3Characteristics: contain membrane enclosed organelles that have specific cellular functions have a cytoskeleton which provides support for the different organelles contain complex phospholipids, sphingolipids, histones, sterols have multiple chromosomes & nucleosomes multiply by mitosis

Organelles refers to components found in cells that are metabolically active internal organs carrying out specific functionsCytoskeleton refers to the three-dimensional lattice of filaments that form a structural framework giving the cytoplasm a gel-like consistency (i.e. Microfilaments, microtubules, etc.Histones 4The EUKARYOTIC CELL:

5 LOWER Protists includes BACTERIA, CYANOBACTERIA (Blue-green Algae), & ARCHAEBACTERIA (Methanogens, Extreme halophiles, Thermoacidophiles)

Basic Cell Type: PROKARYOTES Halophiles means SALT LOGGING; Thermoacidophiles means HEAT-LOGGING; Methanogens refers6Characteristics: have no organelles, histones and only in rare cases contains complex phospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan with muramic acid (pure to bacterial cells) are haploid with a single chromosome divides by Binary FissionHaploid refers Binary Fission7The PROKARYOTIC CELL:

8Microscopic Morphology: Refers to the SIZE, SHAPE, and GENERAL ARRANGEMENT of bacteria microscopically

Microscopic Morphology: SHAPE and ARRANGEMENT 3 Morphological Categories: COCCI (Spherical Cells) BACILLI (Rod-shaped Cells) SPIRAL (Bacillary Forms twisted in the form of a helix) Pleomorphic bacteria that change their shapes

Microscopic Morphology: Cocci StaphylococciCocci in grape-like clustersStaphylococcus areus

Microscopic Morphology: Cocci StreptococciCocci in chainsStreptococcus pyogenes

Microscopic Morphology: Cocci DiplococciCocci in pairsStreptococcus pneumoniaeLanceolate flat adjacent sides13Microscopic Morphology: Cocci DiplococciNeisseria gonorrhoeae

Coffee bean-shaped14Microscopic Morphology: Cocci TetradsCocci in groups of fourGaffkya tetragena

Lanceolate flat adjacent sides15Microscopic Morphology: Cocci SarcinaCocci in cubital packets of 84 cells in front theoretically and the other 4 are behind which appears like shadowsSarcina lutea16

Microscopic Morphology: Bacilli StreptobacilliBacilli in chainsBacillus subtillis

Microscopic Morphology: Bacilli Diplobacilli bacilli in pairs Snapping diplobacilli - bacilli that bend at the point of division to give 2 organisms arranged in the form of a V Mycobacterium tuberculosisLanceolate flat adjacent sides18

Microscopic Morphology: Bacilli Slipping diplobacilli - bacilli that divide and tend to arrange themselves side by sideMycobacterium tuberculosisLanceolate flat adjacent sides19Microscopic Morphology: Bacilli CoccobacilliShort, thick, oval-shaped rodsEscherichia coli

Microscopic Morphology: Bacilli VibrioComma-shaped rodsVibrio cholerae

Microscopic Morphology: Spirals SpirillumA spiral whose long axis remains rigid when in motionCampylobacter jejuni

Microscopic Morphology: Spirals SpirocheteA spiral whose long axis bends when in motionBorrelia species

Microscopic Morphology: Spirals SpirocheteTreponema pallidumMicroscopic Morphology: SIZE Expressed in micrometer (m) 1m is equals to 1/1000 of a mm or 1/25000 of an inch Cocci measure 0.42.0m Bacilli measure 0.24.0m in width by 0.5 20.0m in length Spirals measure 1.0 14.0 m in length