microprocessor or microcontroller -...

Microprocessor or MicrocontrollerNot just a case of “you say tomarto and I say tomayto”

Discussion of the capabilities of the Analog Devices ADSP-533 Evaluation Board used in this course

M. Smith, ECEUniversity of Calgary, Canada

13 September 2006Differences between a microprocessor and a microcontroller

M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 2/ 29

Information taken from Analog Devices On-line Manuals with permission http://www.analog.com/processors/resources/technicalLibrary/manuals/

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, Analog Devices assumes no responsibility for its use or for any infringement of any patent other rights of any third party which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent right of Analog Devices. Copyright Analog Devices, Inc. All rights reserved.



Audio-Video Interaction of ADSP-BF533 Ez-Kit Lite with the outside world



To be tackled today

Basic microprocessor Concept of a microcontroller Difference between the Blackfin

microcontroller and Blackfin Ez-Kit Lite evaluation board

Capabilities of the ADSP-BF533 Blackfin Ez-Kit Lite evaluation board

Various acronyms that will be used in the course



Microprocessor – Basic conceptCPU

containsCCUALU

data registersand

pointer registers

(ENCM369 architectureconcepts)

ADDRESS BUS 32-bit / 64-bit wide

CONTROL BUSTiming signals, ready signals,interrupts etc

DATA BUS – bidirectional8-bit / 16-bit / 32-bit / 128-bit

Microprocessor, by-itself, COMPLETELY USELESSMust have external peripherals to interact with outside world



MicroPROCESSOR – Basic concept

CPU

containsCCUALU

data registersand

pointer registers

ENCM369

REVIEW

CONTROL BUS (Sends Read / Write* signals and clock

ADDRESSBUS

DATA BUS (BI-DIRECTIONAL direction controlled by R/W* control

Microprocessor, by-itself, completely useless – must have external peripherals to Interact with outside world

BOOTROM

Used at startup

Instruction(program)

ROMTransducers

KeyboardScreenUART

Parallelinterface

etc

DataRAM



External devices needs this amount of control lines (“glue”) to work

External Device

Device itself with all necessary internal logic

to do the things it needs to do

DATA BUS

OEOutput Enable other signals

such as interrupt signals, etc

ADDRESS BUS

DECODE LOGIC•Address strobe

•Data strobe

•Read/Write control

•CS – chip select



Issues with adding external devices Many pins

Mechanical failure rates increased Design time increased – routing issues Cost increased, board size increased

Continually redesigning same thing Compatibility between parts Upgrade part Many similar options between different projects

In Real-life -- Don’t need “100% flexibility” Analog Devices Blackfin BF533 microcontrollers ARM Microcontrollers:- Analog Devices Cortex 7,

Discovery Board Cortex 4, EiE Razor Board Cortex 3



MicroCONTROLLER – Basic concept

CPU

containsCCUALU

data registersand

pointer registers

ENCM369

REVIEW

CONTROL

ADDRESS

DATA

Microcontroller – put a limited amount of most commonly used resources “inside” the chip – a “limited” amount of resources is often “enough” for many applications

BOOTROM

Used at startup

Instruction(program)

ROMTransducers

UARTParallelinterface

Etc

DataRAM



Advantages of microCONTROLLER over microPROCESSOR Pin count down Reliability up Design time down, Board layout size down Upgrade path easier – matching between

peripherals for speed Cost down – bulk purchases Common software / hardware design

environment available from manufacturer



Issues when using any microcontroller Two types of memory

Difference in speed (read and write times) when using ON-CHIP – fast, easy to access, “almost as fast as using a

register”, limited amount of on-chip memory available OFF-CHIP– slower to access – additional cost You can use on-chip memory in a “CACHE” mode (copy off-chip

data to on-chip when processing data, then copy back). You use DMA – Direct Memory Access

External components still there E.g. Video CODECs – need to use DMA – Direct Memory Access

– so that the controller can get on with the “processing” and let something else worry about moving data in and out of the chip

Real time environment Event driven – can’t WAIT for a device to become ready, can’t

POLL to see if device is ready, interrupt handling is key All these resources are “power hungry” and compete for

resources (data busses etc) – special features to control power use – means often automatically turned off and must be turned in



Components of the Blackfin BoardFrom smallest to largest Processor Core

One core on Blackfin ADSP-BF533 processor Two cores on Blackfin ADSP-BF561 processor ENCM515 – ADSP-SC589 – ARM + 2 SHARC CORES

Processor itself core + some memory + some other built incapability

Blackfin Evaluation board Don’t forget the software development package

CCES Equivalent ARM software EWARMNTDS– This year remember that the next slide is animated



Blackfin ADSP-BF533 CORE NTDS THIS ISANIMATED



Some key discussed elements from the previous slide that might appear in quizzes Processor has 2 buses that can carry data. Why did

the processor designers allow 2 loads to occur from memory at the same time, a load and store at the same time, but NOT two stores at the same time?

Why would the processor designers place 8-bit ALUs operations available on a processor that has 32-bit registers?

Give an example of an instruction where four 8-bit ALU operations occur at the same time

Give an example of an instruction where two 16-bit ALU operations occur at the same time


M. Smith, University of Calgary, Canada 15/ 29The Blackfin “chip” itself

CORE



Enter the key elements from previous slide Will you learn to “flash” memory in this class,

and how would you do it and why? What does a watch-dog timer do – and “how

do you find out how to feed it?” JEADI articles discuss that MPG EiE Razor Board

startup code always has WATCHDOG activated and you need to THROW_BONE to stop problems

What does the acronym MMU stand for? What does the acronym SPI stand for, and in

what labs will we be using the SPI? When is the PPI used? What’s a real time clock?



BLACKFIN EVALUATION BOARDAND PERIPHERALS USED IN LABS

-- W.I.B.On.Q?-P.Y!

CAN TALK DIRECTLY TO A301 / 305LAB STATION HARDRIVE USING “JTAG” --COFFEEPOTSIMULATOR



Lab. 1 – You will demonstrate the basic microcontroller capability Use the microcontroller Learn to configure the FLASH memory

Contains memory and also I/O components (input / output)

Use the FLASH memory I/O capability to control the LEDs to signal commands happening

Configure the PF I/O lines (Programmable Flags) Used to control many of the external devices (chip select

and timing lines) Used as input and output to control radio controlled car

(Lab. 2) and / or interrupt lines or biofeedback (Lab. 3)



Push-button switches (PF lines)LED (controlled by FLASH memory logic)



Need to learn how to “configure” the flash memory so thatWe can control the LEDs

If we can control the LED’s then we have signals thatcould be used for a “radio-controlled” car

Parallel interfacespresent on the FLASH memory chips



Configure the PF lines (Programmable Flags – Input and output pins)

Replace one button input with the input of a temperature transducer and you have designed a “Software controlled thermometer”

TMP03 will be used in Laboratory 3

NTDSAnimated



Registers to control PF lines. W.A.D.L.FIO_FLAG_D – Data registerFIO_EDGE -- Edge registerFIO_DIR -- Direction registerFIO_POLAR -- Polarity register



KEY THING TO REMEMBER --PF lines being used already to control other devices –“We are not alone when using the board!!”

When we change the PF registers bits, we must ONLY change those over which we have control

PF8, PF9, PF10, PF11(Similar on ARM)

Must learn the instructions to safely change some register bits and not others (AND and OR instructions)(15 hrs -> 5 hrs)

FIO_FLAG_D register has 16 I/O pins(Flag pins) available



Enter the key elements from previous slide

Which A/D is used on the Blackfin board? Why are the signals that control the LED’s

coming from the FLASH? What does SPORT1 means, and what

external device is being controlled by it? How does the SPORT device allow “time

sharing” of the bus by several different external devices?



Audio-Video Interaction of ADSP-BF533 Ez-Kit Lite with the outside world



BLACKFIN AUDIO CHIP



Review quiz

CPU stands for

CCU stands for

ALU stands for

DMA stands for



Review Quiz

How come the FLASH memory must be used to control the LEDs and not the GPIO register pins (general purpose I/O)?

Why can’t we use PF0 line in Lab. 2 to read temperature transducer input signals?

Why will AND and OR operations be necessary when we control the PF I/O lines?

What does PF stand for?



Tackled today

Basic microprocessor Concept of a microcontroller Difference between the Blackfin

microcontroller and Blackfin Ez-Kit Lite evaluation board

Capabilities of the ADSP-BF533 Blackfin Ez-Kit Lite evaluation board

Various acronyms that will be used in the course

microprocessor or microcontroller -...

Documents